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Bi 6:
Qun l gi phn mm
Trng i hc Cng ngh Thng tin HQG TP.HCM
Khoa Mng my tnh v Truyn thng
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Nhm Open-Class
G.V: Mn Vn Thng
manvanthang@gmail.com
Ni dung
Qun l gi phn mm (package)
Cc dng gi phn mm
Debian Package Management
Red Hat Package Management
Ci t chng trnh t m ngun
Chy phn mm cho Windows trong Linux
Bin dch Kernel
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Cc dng gi phn mm
Phn loi gi
Gi bin dch sn
(pre-packaged)
Gi m ngun
(source code)
nh dng gi
.bin
.deb (Debian)
.rpm (Redhat)
.tar
.tar.gz, .tgz
.tar.bz2, .tbz2
Cc thnh phn
trong gi
Binary file cha m
my c dch t
ngn ng cp cao
Text file cha m lnh
l ngn ng cp cao
(C/C++/Perl)
* Configuration, documentation file
* Thng tin v cc dependency
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Cc dng gi phn mm
Phn loi gi
Gi bin dch sn
(pre-packaged)
Gi m ngun
(source code)
u im
- Khng cn bin dch
- D dng ci t
- C th ty bin, sa i
gi cho ph hp
- H tr nhiu nn tng
phn cng
Nhc im
- Mi gi dnh cho kin
trc my tnh nht nh
- Khng th ch ng
ty bin gi
- Cn c mi trng, cng
c bin dch
- Vic dch i khi phc
tp v gp li
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Debian Package Management
Quy cch t tn gi Debian
_Name: tn gi.
_Version: c dng major.minor.patch
_Revision: s ln pht hnh gi.
_Architecture: nn tng kin trc my tnh m gi ny h tr.
_Extension: phn m rng (.deb)
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Debian Package Management
Cng c dng lnh
dpkg: x l gi .deb c lu tr cc b trn my.
dpkg [options]
Mt s option:
-i (--install) package_file -> ci t gi nm package_file.
-r (--remove) package -> xa b gi, ngoi tr file cu hnh.
-p (--purge) package -> loi b gi v mi th lin quan.
-s (--status) package -> cho bit tnh trng ca gi.
-L (--listfiles) package -> lit k cc file trong mt gi ci.
-l (--list) pattern -> lit k cc gi ci c tn cha pattern.
--print-avail package -> hin thng tin chi tit v gi package.
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Debian Package Management
Cng c dng lnh
Gi APT (apt-get, apt-file, apt-cache, apt-cdrom)
Ti cc gi t cc kho cha (CD-ROM, HTTP site, FPT
server).
Nm gi, duy tr c s d liu thng tin v cc gi, t
ng gii quyt dependency, gip vic ci t, g b, cp
nht gi tr nn d dng, an ton.
File /etc/apt/sources.list cha danh sch cc kho cha.
Th mc/var/cache/apt/archives/: cha cc gi ti.
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Debian Package Management
Cng c dng lnh
apt-get [options] [command] package
Cc option:
-d: ch ti gi v nhng khng ci t.
-y: t ng chn yes cho cc cu hi khi ci/g b gi.
Cc command:
install, remove, purge, update, upgrade, dist-upgrade
Lnh dselect l font-end ca dkpg, giao din qun l gi
theo hng menu (tng tc, trc quan).
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Debian Package Management
Cng c ha
Synaptic Package Manager
Ubuntu Software Center: thay th cho Synaptic.
Aptitude: thay th cho dselect.
Kpackage
PackageKit
Gdebi hoc Gdebi-kde
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Red Hat Package Management
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Quy cch t tn gi RPM
(Ging vi gi Debian ch khc phn m rng l .rpm)
Red Hat Package Management
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Cng c dng lnh
rpm: x l cc gi .rpm c lu tr cc b trn my.
rpm [options]
Mt s option:
-i (--install) package -> ci t gi.
-U (--upgrade) package -> cp nht phin bn cho gi.
-e (--uninstall) package -> xa b gi.
-qa -> hin th tt c cc gi ci.
-ql package -> lit k cc file nm trong mt gi ci.
-qf filename -> xc nh filename nm trong gi no.
-qR (--requires) -> lit k cc dependency ca gi.
Red Hat Package Management
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Cng c dng lnh
yum: chc nng tng t apt-get
yum command package_file
update: cp nht thng tin v cc gi.
install: ci t gi.
erase: xa b gi.
list: lit k mt | nhiu | tt c gi
search: tmkim thng tin v gi.
File /etc/yum.conf: cha cu hnh cho yum.
Th mc /etc/yum.repos.d: cha a ch kho cha gi.
Red Hat Package Management
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Mt s cng c khc
YumEx: dng GUI ca yum
up2date: RHEL v CentOS (3 v 4)
Synaptic Package Manager: PCLinuxOS
Zypper: openSUSE, SUSE Linux Enterprise, Ark Linux
urpmi: Mandriva Linux
apt-rpm
Smart Package Manager: Fedora, Unity Linux
Chuyn i qua li DEB <-> RPM
Alien h tr chuyn i qua li gia cc nh dng: rpm,
deb, tgz, pkg, slp
RPM -> DEB
alien r deb_file
DEB -> RPM
alien d rpm_file
T ng ci gi DEB c chuyn t RPM
alien i rpm_file
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Ci t t m ngun
Compiling Tools: GCC, make, library
Cc bc ci t c bn:
Bung tarball: tar zxvf filename.tar.gz (thay z=j cho bzip).
Chuyn vo th mc cha source va bung v ln lt g
./configure -> kimtra cu hnh h thng.
make -> bin dch m ngun.
make install -> ci t binary, library, config file.
make uninstall -> g b chng trnh
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Chy phn mm cho Windows trong Linux
S dng my o
H tr hu ht cc ng dng cho Windows.
Khng nh hng ti my tht.
Yu cu cu hnh my tnh cao.
S dng Wine
Nh my, chim t ti nguyn h thng.
Nhiu ng dng cha hot ng c trong Wine.
Nguy c nh hng ti h thng tht.
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Q&A
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