Purpose of Mohrs Circle

Visual tool used to determine the stresses

that exist at a given point in relation to the
angle of orientation of the stress element.
There are 4 possible variations in Mohrs
Circle depending on the positive directions
are defined.

Sample Problem
o
x
= 6 ksi
o
y
= -2 ksi
t
xy
= 3
ksi
Some Part
A particular point
on the part
x
y
x & y orientation
Mohrs Circle
t
(CW)
o

x-axis
y-axis
o
x
= 6 ksi
o
y
= -2 ksi
t
xy
= 3 ksi
(6 ksi, 3 ksi)
6
3
(-2 ksi, -3 ksi)
2
3
Center of
Mohrs Circle
Mohrs Circle
t
(CW)
o

o
1
o
avg
= 2 ksi

x-face
y-face
(6 ksi, 3ksi)
(-2 ksi, -3ksi)
o
2
(o
avg
, t
max
)

o
x
= 6 ksi
o
y
= -2 ksi
t
xy
= 3 ksi
(o
avg
, t
min
)
ksi
y x
avg
2
2
=
o + o
= o
Mohrs Circle
t
(CW)
o

o
1
x-face
y-face
(6 ksi, 3ksi)
o
2
o
x
= 6 ksi
o
y
= -2 ksi
t
xy
= 3 ksi
4 ksi
o
1
= o
avg
+ R = 7 ksi
o
2
= o
avg
R = 3 ksi
(o
avg
, t
max
)
(2 ksi, 5 ksi)
(o
avg
, t
min
)
(2 ksi, -5 ksi)
3 ksi
max
R
ksi
) ksi ( ) ksi ( R
t =
=
+ =
5
4 3
2 2
R
Mohrs Circle
t
(CW)
o

o
1
x-face
y-face
(6 ksi, 3ksi)
o
2
o
x
= 6 ksi
o
y
= -2 ksi
t
xy
= 3 ksi
2u
4 ksi
(o
avg
, t
max
)
(2 ksi, 5 ksi)
(o
avg
, t
min
)
(2 ksi, -5 ksi)
3 ksi
= u
= u
|
|
.
|

\
|
= u

435 18
869 36 2
4
3
2
1
.
.
ksi
ksi
Tan
Principle Stress
t
(CW)
o

o
1
x-face
(6 ksi, 3ksi)
o
2
o
1
= 7 ksi
o
2
= -3 ksi
2u
4 ksi
(o
avg
, t
max
)
(2 ksi, 5 ksi)
(o
avg
, t
min
)
(2 ksi, -5 ksi)
3 ksi
u = 18.435
Principle Stress
Element
Rotation on element is
half of the rotation from
the circle in same
direction from x-axis
Shear Stress
t
(CW)
o

o
1
x-face
y-face
(6 ksi, 3ksi)
o
2
o
avg
= 2 ksi
o
avg
= 2 ksi
t
max
= 5 ksi
2u
4 ksi
(o
avg
, t
max
)
(2 ksi, 5 ksi)
(o
avg
, t
min
)
(2 ksi, -5 ksi)
3 ksi
= |
= |
= |
u = |
565 26
130 53 2
869 36 90 2
2 90 2
.
.
.
2|
Maximum Shear
Stress Element
| = 26.565
Relationship Between Elements
o
avg
= 2 ksi
o
avg
= 2 ksi
t
max
= 5 ksi
| = 26.565
o
1
= 7 ksi
o
2
= -3 ksi
o
x
= 6 ksi
o
y
= -2 ksi
t
xy
= 3 ksi
u = 18.435
u + | = 18.435 + 26.565 = 45
Whats the stress at angle of 15
CCW from the x-axis?
o = ? ksi
o = ? ksi
t = ? ksi
Some Part
A particular point
on the part
x
y
U & V new axes @ 15 from x-axis
15
U
x
V
Rotation on
Mohrs Circle
t
(CW)
o

o
1
o
avg
= 2 ksi

x-face
y-face
o
2
(o
avg
, t
max
)

(o
avg
, t
min
)
30
15 on part and
element is 30 on
Mohrs Circle
(o
U
, t
U
)

(o
V
, t
V
)

o
U
= o
avg
+ R*cos(66.869)
o
U
= 3.96 ksi

o
V
= o
avg
R*cos(66.869)
o
V
= 0.036 ksi
t
UV
= R*sin(66.869)
t
UV
= 4.60 ksi
Rotation on
Mohrs Circle
t
(CW)
o

o
1
o
avg
= 2 ksi

x-face
y-face
o
2
(o
avg
, t
max
)

(o
avg
, t
min
)
66.869
R
(o
U
, t
U
)

(o
V
, t
V
)

Whats the stress at angle of 15
CCW from the x-axis?
o
U
= 3.96 ksi
o
V
= .036 ksi
t = 4.60 ksi
Some Part
A particular point
on the part
x
y
15
U
x
V
Questions?
Next: Special Cases
Special Case Both Principle
Stresses Have the Same Sign
Cylindrical
Pressure Vessel
X
Y
Z
t
D p
x
2
= o
t
D p
y
4
= o
Mohrs Circle
o
x
t
(CW)
o

o
y
o
x
o
y
2
y x
o o
= t
Mohrs Circle for X-Y Planes
This isnt the whole
story however
o
x
= o
1
and o
y
= o
2
Mohrs Circle
o
1
t
(CW)
o

o
y
o
x
o
z
o
z
= 0 since it is
perpendicular to the free
face of the element.
o
z
= o
3
and o
x
= o
1
o
3
Mohrs Circle for X-Z Planes
o
x
o
z
= 0

t
max
= t
xz
2
3 1
o o
= t
max
Mohrs Circle
o
1
t
(CW)
o

o
2
o
y
o
x
o
z
o
z
= 0 since it is
perpendicular to the free
face of the element.
o
3
t
max
= t
xz
o
1
> o
2
> o
3
Pure Uniaxial Tension
o
y
= 0

o
x
= P/A

Ductile Materials Tend to Fail
in SHEAR
o
1
= o
x
2
x
max
o
= t
o
2
= 0

Note when o
x
= S
y
,
S
ys
= S
y
/2
Pure Uniaxial Compression
o
y
= 0

o
x
= P/A

2
x
max
o
= t
o
1
= 0

o
2
= o
x
Pure Torsion
T
T
J
c T
xy
= t
xy max
t = t
o
1
= t
xy
o
2
= -t
xy
CHALK
o
1
Brittle materials
tend to fail in
TENSION.
Uniaxial Tension & Torsional
Shear Stresses
Rotating shaft with axial load.
Basis for design of shafts.


o
x
= P/A
t
xy
= Tc/J
R
max
= t
o
1
= o
x
/2+R

o
x
/2

(o
x
,

t
xy
)
o
2
= o
x
/2-R

(0,

t
yx
)
max xy
x
R t = t + |
.
|

\
| o
=
2
2
2