Macronutrients and Micronutrients

Vitamins contains several fn groups that are relatively easily oxidized

Vitamins Disease Solution Function
A - involved in the visual
cycle of the eye and
important for vision at
low light intensity
C - cofactor
- tissue
regeneration
following
injury
- gives resistance
D - stimulates Ca
2+

uptake in bones
Iodine Goitre - eat more
seafood and
leafy
vegetables
- adding iodine
to salt
- synthesis of hormone
thyroxine
Vitamin A Xerophthalamia
- dry eyes
- night
blindnes
s
- orange
- yellow fruits
- spinach
- fortification of
rice with
vitamin A
- needed for
healthy skin
- good skin
- protection
against some
damaging
effects of toxins
Iron Fatigue
Brittle nails
Lower
immunity
Anaemia
Iron fortification +
vitamin C in cereals
- essential part
of haemoglobin
which is the
pigment in
RBCs
responsible for
transporting O2
around the
body

Niacin,
vitamin B3
pellagra : 3Ds
dermatitis,
diarrhea,
dementia

Thiamin,
vitamin B1
beriberi:
weight loss,
fatigue and
swelling

Ascorbic
acid, vitamin
scurvy :
bleeding gums,

C dark spots on
skin
vitamin D rickets,
softened and
deformed
bones

selenium Kashin Beck
Disease :
atrophy and
degeneration of
cartilage

Protein a) Marasmus
- the time of
weaning
- failure to gain
weight
weight loss
emaciation

b) Kwashiorkor
- high in starch
- low in protein