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An oxbow lake is a U-shaped body of water that forms when a wide meander from the main stem of
a river is cut off, creating a free-standing body of water. This landform is so named for its distinctive
curved shape, resembling the bow pin of an oxbow. In Australia, an oxbow lake is known as
a billabong, from the indigenous language Wiradjuri. In south Texas, oxbows left by the Rio Grande
River are called resacas.

Oxbow lake
A meander, in general, is a bend in a sinuous watercourse or river. A
meander forms when moving water in a stream erodes the outer banks
and widens its valley, and the inner part of the river has less energy and
deposits silt. A stream of any volume may assume a meandering course,
alternately eroding sediments from the outside of a bend and depositing
them on the inside.
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A flood is an overflow of water that submerges land which is usually dry.

The European
Union (EU) Floods Directive defines a flood as a covering by water of land not normally covered by
water. In the sense of "flowing water", the word may also be applied to the inflow of the tide.
Flooding may occur as an overflow of water from water bodies, such as a river or lake, in which the
water overtops or breaks levees, resulting in some of that water escaping its usual boundaries, or it
may occur due to an accumulation of rainwater on saturated ground in an areal flood.
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Why floods occur ?
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A plain is a flat region. Plains occur as lowlands and at the bottoms of valleys but also
on plateaus or uplands at high elevations. In a valley, a plain is enclosed on two sides but in other
cases a plain may be delineated by a complete or partial ring of hills, by mountains or cliffs.
Where a geological region contains more than one plain, they may be connected by a pass
(sometime termed a gap). Plains may have been formed from flowing lava, deposited by water,
ice cold wind, or formed by erosion by these agents from hills and mountains.
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Class 7 E