N MN HC THIT K NH MY NHIT IN

1


CHNG I
TNH TON PH TI V CN BNG CNG SUT
LA CHN S NI DY
Ti mi thi im in nng do nh my pht ra phi cn bng vi in
nng tiu th ca ph ti k c cc tn tht ca ph ti. Trong thc t in
nng tiu th ti cc h dng in lun thay i, v th vic xy dng c
th ph ti l rt quan trng i vi vic thit k v vn hnh.
Da vo th ph ti ta c th chn c phng n ni in hp l,
m bo cc ch tiu kinh t k thut. th ph ti cn cho ta chn ng
cng sut ca cc my bin p (MBA) v phn b ti u cng sut gia cc t
my vi nhau v gia cc nh my in vi nhau.
I.1.1. Chn my pht in.
Theo nhim v thit k nh my in gm 4 t my cng sut mi my l
60MW.
Chn 4 my pht in kiu TB-60-2 ( Ph lc II.1.Tr.100,104. [1] ) c
cc thng s nh bng 1-1:
Bng 1-1

K K H HI I U U
S S
m m
M MV VA A
P P
m m
M MW W
c co os s
m m
U U
m m
k kV V
I I
m m
k kA A
i i n n k kh h n ng g t t n ng g i i
X X
d d X X
d d X X
d d
T TB B- -6 60 0- -2 2 7 75 5 6 60 0 0 0, ,8 80 0 1 10 0, ,5 5 4 4, ,1 12 25 5 0 0, ,1 14 46 6 0 0, ,2 22 2 1 1, ,6 69 91 1

I.1.2. Tnh ton ph ti cc cp in p.
T th ph ti nh my v th ph ti cc cp in p di dng
bng theo % cng sut tc dng v h s cos, ta tnh c ph ti cc cp
in p theo cng sut biu kin t cng thc sau:
Cos
P
S
t
t
=
vi :
100
%.
max
P p
P
t
=
.
Trong : S(t) _ L cng sut biu kin ca ph ti ti thi im t (MVA).
Cos _

L h s cng sut ca ph ti.
I.1.3. th ph ti ton nh my.
Nh my gm 4 t my c cng sut mi t:
P
m
= 60 MW, Cos
m
= 0,80
. 75
80 , 0
60
cos
..
MVA
P
S
dm
dm
dm
= = =

N MN HC THIT K NH MY NHIT IN


2
Tng cng sut t ca ton nh my l:
P
NMm
= 4P
m
= 460 = 240 MW S
NMm
= 300 MW.
T th ph ti nh my v cng thc:

t
t
t
Cos
P
S

= vi :
100
%.
max
P p
P
t
= .
Ta tnh c th ph ti ca nh my theo thi gian. Kt qu ghi trong
bng 1-1 v th ph ti nh my ( Hnh 1-2 ).

Bng 1-1 ( Ph ti ton nh my ).

t (gi) 0 - 8 8 - 12 12 - 14 14 - 20 20 - 24
P%
75 100 90 100 75
P
NM
(t) MW
180 240 216 240 180
S
NM
(t) MVA
225 300 270 300 225

Hnh 1-2 - th ph ti ton nh my
I.1.4. th ph ti t dng ton nh my:
T dng max ca ton nh my bng 8% cng sut nh mc ca nh
my vi cos = 0,85 c xc nh theo cng thc sau:

+ =

Fdm
NM
td
Fdm
td
S
t S
P
t S
) (
. 6 , 0 4 , 0 .
100
%
.
cos
) (

vi P
Fm
= 240 (MW)
S
Fm
= 300 (MVA)

+ =
300
) (
. 6 , 0 4 , 0 .
80 , 0
240
.
100
8
) (
t S
t S
NM
td

Trong Std(t) : Cng sut t dng ca nh my ti thi im t.
225
300
270
300
225
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24
S (MVA)
t (h)
N MN HC THIT K NH MY NHIT IN


3
S
Fm
: Cng sut t ton nh my.
S
NM
(t) : Cng sut pht ton nh my ti thi im t.
T th ph ti nh my (phn 1) v cng thc trn ta c ph ti t
dng ca nh my theo thi gian nh bng 1- 3 v th ph ti hnh 1- 4.

Bng 1-3 - Ph ti t dng ton nh my

t(h) 0 - 8 8 - 12 12 - 14 14 - 20 20 - 24
S
NM
(t) MVA 225 300 270 300 225
S
td
(t) MVA 20,40 24,00 22,56 24,00 20,40
Hnh 1- 4 - th ph ti t dng ton nh my
I.1.5. Ph ti a phng:
Nh nhim v thit k cho:
P
max
= 12,6 MW, Cos = 0,80, U = 10,5 kV gm 2 kp + 4 n .
T cng thc sau:
( )
( )
t
dp
dp
Cos
t P
t S

=
vi:
( ) .
100
%.
max dp dp
dp
P P
t P =

Ta c kt qu cho bng 1-5 v th ph ti hnh 1-6.
Bng 1 - 4 - Ph ti a phng
t(h) 0 - 6 6 - 10 10 - 14 14 - 18 18 - 24
Pp% 60 90 85 100 65
P
p
(t)MW 7,56 11,34 10,71 12,60 8,19
S
p
(t)MVA 9,45 14,18 13,39 15,75 10,24
20.4
24
22.56
24
20.4
0
5
10
15
20
25
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24
S (MVA)
t (h)
N MN HC THIT K NH MY NHIT IN


4
140
146.25
162.5
130
113.5
0
50
100
150
200
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24
S (MVA)
t (h)











Hnh 1- 6 - th ph ti a phng
I.1.6. th ph ti pha in p trung (110kV):
Ph ti in p cao P
max
= 140 MW, Cos = 0,80 gm 1 kp + 4 n .
Cng sut cc thi im c xc nh theo cng thc sau:
( )
( )
t
c
c
Cos
t P
t S

=
vi:
( ) .
100
%.
max c c
c
P P
t P =

Ta c kt qu bng 1-7 v th ph ti cho hnh 1- 8.
Bng 1- 7 - Ph ti pha in p trung (110kV)

t(h) 0 - 4 4 - 10 10 - 14 14 - 18 18 - 24
P% 80 85 90 100 70
P
T
(t)MW 112 117 130 104 91
S
T
(t)MVA 140 146,25 162,5 130 113,75









Hnh 1- 8 - th ph ti pha in p trung (110kV)
9.45
14.18
13.39
15.75
10.24
0
5
10
15
20
25
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24
S (MVA)
t (h)
N MN HC THIT K NH MY NHIT IN


5
I.1.7. Cn bng cng sut ton nh my v xc nh cng sut pht vo
h thng .
Phng trnh cn bng cng sut ton nh my:
S
NM
(t) = S
td
(t) + S
p
(t) +S
T
(t) +S
HT
(t).
Ta b qua tn tht S(t) trong my bin p.
S
HT
(t) = S
NM
(t) - [S
td
(t) + S
p
(t) +S
T
(t) ].
T ta lp c kt qu tnh ton ph ti v cn bng cng sut ton
nh my nh bng 1-9 v th ph ti hnh 1-10.

Bng 1-9 - Cn bng cng sut ton nh my

t(h) 0 - 4 4 - 6 6 - 8 8 - 10 10 - 12 12 - 14 14 - 16 16 - 18 18 - 20 20 - 22 22 - 24
S
NM
(t)
( MVA)
225 225 225 300 300 270 300 300 300 225 225
Sdp(t)
( MVA)
9,45 9,45 14,18 14,18 13,39 13,39 15,75 15,75 10,24 10,24 10,24
Std(t)
( MVA)
20,40 20,40 20,40 24,00 24,00 22,56 24,00 24,00 24,00 20,40 20,40
S
T
(t)
( MVA)
140 146,25 146,25 146,25 162,5 162,5 130 130 113,75 113,75 113,75
S
HT
(t)
( MVA)
55,15 48,9 44,17 115,57 100,11 71,55 130,25 130,25 152,01 80,61 80,61


Hnh 1- 10 - Cn bng cng sut ton nh my
55.15
48.9
44.17
115.57
100.11
71.55
130.25
152.01
80.61
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24
S (MVA)
t (h)
N MN HC THIT K NH MY NHIT IN


6
TH PH TI TNG CA TON NH MY




















I.1.8. D tr ca h thng.
Ta c d tr ca h thng l 14%S
HT
= 14%*3600 = 504 MVA, ln hn
so vi cng sut mt my pht. Cng sut ca h thng S = 3600 MVA c th
coi l v cng ln so vi cng sut ca ton nh my S
NM
= 300 MVA .
I.1.9. Cc cp in p ca cc h tiu th :
Nh my thit k c 3 cp in p l:
Cp in p my pht c U
m
= 10,5kV.
Cp in p trung p c U
m
= 110kV.
Cp in p cao ( pha H thng ) c U
m
= 220kV.








S
NM
S
T
S
HT
S
td
S
p
55.15
48.9
44.17
115.57
100.11
71.55
130.25
152.01
80.61
225
270
300 300
225
9.45
14.18
13.39
15.75
10.24
20.4
24
22.56
24
20.4
140
146.25
162.5
130 113.75
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24
S (MVA)
t (h)
N MN HC THIT K NH MY NHIT IN


7
I.2. CC PHNG N NI DY
Mt trong nhng nhim v quan trng thit k nh my in l chn s
ni in chnh. V khi chn c s ni in chnh hp l, khng
nhng m bo v mt k thut m cn em li hiu qu kinh t cao.
Theo nhim v thit k nh my c 4 t my pht, cng sut nh mc
ca mi t my l 60 MW c nhim v cung cp in cho ph ti ba cp
in p sau:
1. Ph ti a phng cp in p 10,5 kV c:
S
UFmax
= 15,75 MVA
S
UFmin


= 9,45 MVA
2. Ph ti trung p cp in p 110 kV c:
S
Tmax
= 162,5 MVA
S
Tmin
= 113,75 MVA
3. Ph ti cao p cp in p 220 kV ( v h thng ) c:
S
HTmax
= 152,01 MVA
S
HTmin
= 44,17 MVA .
Vi nh my in ang thit k c ph ti a phng (S
UFmax
= 21%
S
Fm
) nn ta dng thanh gp in p my pht cung cp (
Thanh gp in p my pht c s dng nu cng sut ph ti
a phng ln nht vt qu ( 15 - 20 )% cng sut nh mc
ca mt my pht ).
Ta c cng sut d tr quay ca h thng 504 MVA ln hn cng
sut ca b MF-MBA nn ta dng s b MF-MBA.
S lng my pht ghp vo thanh gp in p my pht sao cho khi
c 1 my pht in ngng lm vic th my pht cn li phi
m bo cung cp in cho cc ph ti a phng v t dng
ca nh my
V trung tnh ca li in 220KV v 110KV l li trung tnh trc
tip ni t nn lin lc gia 3 cp in p ta dng my bin
p t ngu c:
= 5 , 0
220
110 220
=

. My Bin p lin lc chn loi c iu p di ti.
Ph ti P
Tmin
= 113,5 MVA ln hn cng sut 1b MF- MBA, do
vy ta c th gp 1 n 2 b MF- MBA n gin ho trong vn
hnh cng nh vic chn my bin p
N MN HC THIT K NH MY NHIT IN


8
* My bin p lin lc l my bin p t ngu nn khng cn kim tra
iu kin v lin lc cng sut gia bn trung v bn cao khi S
Tmin

Trn c s nhng nhn xt trn ta vch cc phng n ni dy ca
nh my nh sau:
1. Phng n I:











Nhn xt:
Phng n m bo cung cp in cho ph ti cc cp in p, khi
b tr tng ngun v ti cn xng . Hai my bin p t ngu c dung lng
nh, nhng c nhc im l: khi ph ti trung p cc tiu th s c 1 lng
cng sut phi ti qua 2 ln my bin p lm tng tn tht ,tuy nhin do my
bin p lin lc l my bin p t ngu nn ta c th b qua nhc im ny .

2. Phng n II:
Cng trn c s phng n 1 nhng khc l ta a 1 b MF- MBA 2
dy qun bn trung p sang bn cao p
S phng n

B
1

F
4
F
3
F
2
F
1

220 kV 110 kV
HT
B
2

B
3
B
4



N MN HC THIT K NH MY NHIT IN


9
S phng n 2:











Nhn xt :
Phng n ny m bo cung cp in cho ph ti cc cp in p .
Nhng so vi phng n 1 th c nhc im l: my bin p pha cao t
tin hn, v phi s dng n 3 loai my bin p, nhng li trnh c cng
sut ti qua 2 ln my bin p khi ph ti trung p cc tiu.
3. Phng n III:
Ni 3 my trn thanh gp in p my pht, ch cn ni 1 b MF-
MBA bn trung p










Nhn xt :

B
2

F4
F1
F3 F
2

220 kV
110 kV
HT
B
3

B
1

B
4

*
HT
220 kV
110 kV
B
1
B
2

B
3

F1 F
2

F3
F4

N MN HC THIT K NH MY NHIT IN


10
Phng n ny m bo cung cp in cho ph ti cc cp in p .
C s lng my bin p gim so vi cc phng n trc . C nhc im l
thit b phn phi in p my pht phc tp, c dng cng bc qua khng
ln c th khng chn c khng .
Tm li:
Qua nhng phn tch trn y li phng n I v phng n II
tnh ton, so snh c th hn v kinh t v k thut nhm chn c s
ni in ti u cho nh my in.



N MN HC THIT K NH MY NHIT IN


11
CHNG II
CHN MY BIN P
TNH TN THT CNG SUT V TN THT IN NNG
II.1. Chn my bin p:
My bin p l mt thit b rt quan trng trong h thng in . Tng
cng sut cc my bin p gp t 4-5 ln tng cng sut cc my pht in .
Chn MBA trong nh my in l loi, s lng, cng sut nh mc v h s
bin p. MBA c chn phi m bo hot ng an ton trong iu kin
bnh thng v khi xy ra s c nng n nht
Nguyn tc chung chn MBA l trc tin chn S
mB
S
max
_ cng
sut cc i c th qua bin p trong iu kin lm vic bnh thng, sau
kim tra li iu kin s c c k n h s qu ti ca MBA . Xc nh cng
sut thiu v h thng phi nh hn d tr quay ca h thng . Ta ln lt
chn MBA cho tng phng n
Gi thit cc my bin p c ch to ph hp vi iu kin nhit
mi trng ni lp t nh my in . Do vy khng cn hiu chnh cng sut
nh mc ca chng.
I. PHNG N I:
1. Chn my bin p:
a. Chn my bin p B
3

, B
4
:
Cc my bin p ny c chn theo iu kin ca s b :
S
B3
=S
b4
S
MFm
= MVA 75
8 , 0
60
=
Tra bng chn my bin p loi TPH 80
(Ph lc III.4.Tr.151. [1] )
S
m
MVA
U
C
kV
U
H
kV
P
0

kW
P
N
kW
U
N%
I
N%

Gi
USD
Loi
80 115 10,5 70 310 10,5 0,55 550.000 TPH

b. Chn my bin p B
1
, B
2

My bin p lin lc ny c chn theo iu kin cng sut tha:

S
tha
=

n
1
S
mMF
- (S
Ufmin
+ n.S
(1)
tdmax
)
S
mMF
: Cng sut nh mc ca 1 my pht
S
(1)
tdmax
: Cng sut t dng cc i ti 1 my pht
N MN HC THIT K NH MY NHIT IN


12
n : S my pht ni vo thanh gp in p my pht
S
Ufmin
: Cng sut a phng cc tiu
Vy ta c:
S
tha
= 2.75 - (9,45 + 2
4
24
) = 128,55 (MVA)
Chn cng sut MBATN theo iu kin :
S
B1,B2

2
1
S
tha
S
B1,B2

5 , 0 . 2
1
. 128,55 = 128,55 (MVA)
Tra bng ta chn MBA ATH - 160
(Ph lc III.6.Tr.156. [1] ) c cc thng s sau:

2. Phn b cng sut cho cc my bin p:
a. Phn b cng sut cho B
3
, B
4
:
m bo vn hnh kinh t, thun tin, ta cho B
3
, B
4
lm vic vi
th ph ti bng phng sut c nm.
S
B3
= S
B4
= S
mMF
-
4
S
max td

= 75 -
4
24
= 69 MVA
Vy ta c th ph ti ca B
3
, B
4
:







U
C

kV
U
T

kV
U
H

kV
P
0

kW
P
N

kW
U
N
%
I
0
%
C-T C-H T-H C-T C-H T-H
230 121 11 105 290 - - 11 32 20 0,5
69
24
S
(MVA)
t (h)
0
N MN HC THIT K NH MY NHIT IN


13
S
B3
= S
B4
= 69 MVA < S
B3,B4m
= 80 MVA do vy khi lm vic bnh
thng B
3
, B
4
khng b qu ti.
b. Phn b cng sut my B
1
, B
2
:
Cng sut cun cao p : S
CC1
= S
CC2
=
2
1
S
VHT

Cng sut cun trung p : S
CT1
= S
CT2
=
2
1
[S
T
- (S
B3
+ S
B4
)]
Cng sut cun h: S
CH1
= S
CH2
= S
CC
+ S
CT

Bng tnh ton phn b cng sut cho cc my bin p lin lc:
Gi 0 - 4 4 - 6 6 - 8 8 - 10 10 - 12 12 - 14 14 - 18 18 - 20 20 - 24
S
CH
(t) 17,58 17,58 15,21 50,91 51,31 37,03 50,13 50,13 52,88
S
CT
(t) -10,00 -6,88 -6,88 -6,88 1,25 1,25 -15,00 -15,00 -23,13
S
CC
(t) 27,58 24,45 22,09 57,79 50,06 35,78 65,13 65,13 76,01
(Du m y th hin l cng sut c truyn t pha trung p ca
my bin p t ngu sang bn cao p)
T bng kt qu trn ta c nhn xt :
My bin p B
3
, B
4
khng b qu ti (S
m
= 69 MVA)
Cng sut cun cao MBATN: S
Cmax
= 76,01 MVA < S
m
= 125MVA
Cng sut cun trung MBATN:
S
Tmax
= 23,13 MVA < S
m
= 0,5.125 = 62,5 MVA
Cng sut cun h MBATN S
Hmax
= 52,88 MVA < S
m
= 62,5 MVA
Kt lun:
iu kin bnh thng th khng c my bin p no b qu ti
3. Kim tra qu ti khi s c
kim tra lc s c ta xt 2 trng hp nguy him nht l lc ph
ti trung p t gi tr cc i
S
Tmax
= 162,5 MVA
S
Uf
= 13,39 MVA
S
VHT
= 100,11 MVA
a. i vi my bin p B
3
, B
4
:
Ta khng cn kim tra iu kin qu ti s c vi b MF-MBA
b. i vi my bin p lin lc:
* Kim tra lc bnh thng:
N MN HC THIT K NH MY NHIT IN


14
2. k
bt
..S
mTN
S
tha

k
bt
: H s qu ti cho php lc bnh thng k
bt
=1,3
S
mTN
: cng sut nh mc ca my bin p t ngu
Vy :
2. k
bt
..S
mTN
S
tha

2.1,3.0,5.160 S
tha

208 MVA 128,55 MVA
Vy my bin p t ngu chn tho mn iu kin ti c lng cng
sut tha lc bnh thng.
* Kim tra iu kin s c lc ph ti trung max:
* Hng 1 my bin p b: v d hng MBA b B
3

+ iu kin: 2.k
tsc
..S
mTN
S
T
max
- (S
Fb
-
4
1
S
td
max
)
k
sc
: H s qu ti cho php lc s c k
sc
=1,4.
2.k
tsc
..S
mTN
= 2.1,4.0,5.160 = 224 MVA >128,55 (75+
4
24
)= 47,55 MVA
(Tho mn)
+ Phn b cng sut sau s c :
Cng sut ca mi cun trung MBATN l:
S
CT1
= S
CT2
=
2
1
(S
Tmax
- S
B4
) =
2
1
(128,55 - 69) = 29,78 MVA
Cng sut cun h MBATN:
S
CH1
= S
CH2
=
2
1
(S
Fb
- S
Uf
- 2. S
td
max
)
=
2
1
(2. 75 - 13,39 - 2.
4
24
) = 62,31 MVA
Cng sut cun cao MBATN l:
S
CC1
= S
CC2
= S
CH
- S
CT
= 62,31 29,78 = 32,53 MVA
Xc nh cng sut thiu:
S
Thiu
= S
VHT
- 2.S
CC

= 100,11 - 2. 32,53 = 35,05 MVA < S
dt
= 504 MVA

* Khi mt MBATN b s c:
+ iu kin qu ti s c:
N MN HC THIT K NH MY NHIT IN


15
k
qtsc
..S
mTN
S
T
max
- S
BAb

1,4.0,5. 160 MVA 128,55 - 2.69 (Tho mn)
+ Xc nh s phn b li cng sut sau s c :
Cng sut ti qua cun trung MBATN:
S
CT
= S
Tmax
- 2. S
B

= 128,55 - 2.69 = - 9,45 MVA ( Du - l ti t cun trung
sang cun cao MBA TN)
Cng sut ti qua cun h MBATN:
S
H
= S
Fmax
- S
Uf
- S
td
max

= 2.75 - 13,39 - 2.
4
24
=124,61 MVA (1)
MBATN cn li ti c cng sut cun h nh sau:
S
H
= k
sc
..S
mTN
=1,4.0,5.125 = 87,5 MVA (2)
So snh (1) v (2) ,ta thy (1)>(2) v ta s ly (2)
Vy cng sut chuyn ti qua cun h MBATN s l:
S
CH
= 87,5 MVA
Cng sut ti qua cun cao p MBATN:
S
CC
= S
CH
- S
CT

= 87,5 (- 9,45) = 96,95 MVA
Cng sut thiu:
S
thiu
= S
VHT
- S
CC

= 100,11 - 96,95 = 3,16 MVA < S
dt
= 504 MVA
(Tho mn )
Nhn xt:
Cng sut pht vo h thng l va
My bin p t ngu khng b qu ti qu mc cho php.
Vy cc my bin p chn trong phng n I tho mn iu kin
vn hnh lc bnh thng v khi s c

II. PHNG N II :
1. Chn my bin p:
a. Chn my bin p B
1
, B
4
:
N MN HC THIT K NH MY NHIT IN


16
Hon ton tnh t nh phng n 1:
Chn MBA B
4
loi TPH 80- 115/10,5 c cc thng s sau:
(Ph lc III.4.Tr.151. [1] )
S
m
MVA
U
C
kV
U
H
kV
P
0

kW
P
N
kW
U
N%
I
N%

Gi
USD
Loi
80 115 10,5 70 310 10,5 0,55 550.000 TPH

Chn MBA B
1
loi TP 80-242/10,5(Ph lc 6.Tr.155. [1])
c cc thng s:

S
m
MVA
U
C
kV
U
H
kV
P
0

kW
P
N
kW
U
N%
I
N%

Gi
USD
Loi
80 242 10,5 80 320 11 0,6 800.000 TP

b. Chn my bin p B
2
, B
3

Chn theo iu kin cng sut tha:
S
tha
= S
mMF
- S
Ufmin
- 2.S
(1)
td
= 2.75 9,45 - 2.
4
24
= 128,55 MVA
Chn MBA c cng sut :
S
B3
= S
B4

. 2
1
. S
tha
= 128,55 MVA
Tra bng ta chn MBA ATH - 160
(Ph lc III.6.Tr.156. [1] ) c cc thng s sau:

2. Phn b cng sut cho cc my bin p:
a. Phn b cng sut cho my bin p B
4
, B
1
:
m bo vn hnh kinh t thun tin ta phn b cng sut MBA B
1,
B
4
,

ging nh trong phng n I:
S
B1
= S
B4
= 69 MVA

U
C

kV
U
T

kV
U
H

kV
P
0

kW
P
N

kW
U
N
%
I
0
%
C-T C-H T-H C-T C-H T-H
230 121 11 105 290 - - 11 32 20 0,5
N MN HC THIT K NH MY NHIT IN


17

th ph ti my bin p:










S
B1
= S
B4
= 69 MVA < S
m
= 80 MVA, nn khi lm vic bnh thng
MBA S
B1
, S
B4
khng b qu ti
b. Phn b cng sut cho my bin p B
2
, B
3
:
Cng sut cun cao:
S
CC1
= S
CC2
=
2
1
.(S
HT
- S
B1
)
Cng sut cun trung :
S
CT1
= S
CT2
=
2
1
.( S
T
- S
B4
)

Cng sut cun h :
S
CH
= S
CC
+ S
CT
Da vo th ph ti ta c bng s liu phn b cng sut cho cc my bin
p nh sau:


Gi 0 - 4 4 - 6 6 - 8 8 - 10 10 - 12 12 - 14 14 - 18 18 - 20 20 - 24
S
CH
(t) 17,58 17,58 15,21 50,91 51,31 37,03 50,13 50,13 52,88
S
CT
(t) 30,00 33,13 33,13 33,13 41,25 41,25 25,00 25,00 16,88
S
CC
(t) -12,43 -15,55 -17,92 17,79 10,06 -4,22 25,13 25,13 36,01

T bng tnh ton trn ta c nhn xt :
Cng sut cun cao MBATN cc i l :
36,01 MVA < . Sm = 0,5. 160 = 80 MVA
69
24
S
(MVA)
t (h)
0
N MN HC THIT K NH MY NHIT IN


18
Cng sut cun trung MBATN cc i l:
41,25 MVA< . S
m
= 80 MVA
Cng sut cun h MBATN cc i l:
52,88 MVA < .S
m
= 80 MVA
Kt lun:
Trong qu trnh vn hnh lc bnh thng, cc MBA khng b qu ti
3. Kim tra qu ti khi s c:
kim tra lc s c, ta xt trng hp nguy him nht l lc ph
ti trung p t gi tr cc i .
S
Tmax
= 162,5 MVA
S
Uf
= 13,39 MVA
S
VHT
= 100,11 MVA
a. i vi my bin p B
3
, B
3
:
Ta khng cn kim tra iu kin qu ti s c vi b MF - MBA
b. i vi my bin p lin lc:
* Kim tra lc bnh thng:
2. k
bt
..S
mTN
S
tha

k
bt
: H s qu ti cho php lc bnh thng k
bt
=1,3
S
t
mTN
: cng sut nh mc ca my bin p t ngu
Vy :
2. k
bt
..S
mTN
S
tha

2.1,3.0,5. 160 S
tha

208 MVA 128,55 MVA (Tho mn)
Vy my bin p t ngu chn tho mn iu kin: Ti c lng
cng sut tha lc bnh thng m khng qu ti qu mc cho php.
KIM TRA IU KIN S C LC PH TI TRUNG MAX:
Hng my bin p b: Hng b B
4

- iu kin qu ti s c :
k
qtsc
..n
1
.S
ti
m
S
max
quaBA
= S
T
max
k
qtsc
: H s qu ti cho php lc s c k
qtsc
=1,4
n
1
: S MBA ni vo thanh ghp in p MF
S
ti
m
: cng sut nh mc ca my bin p
N MN HC THIT K NH MY NHIT IN


19
Cng sut cun trung MBATN :
k
qtsc
..n
1
.S
ti
m
= 1,4.0,5.2.160 = 224 MVA.
S
max
quaBA
= 162,5 MVA
Vy my bin p t ngu chn tho mn iu kin m bo ti c
lng cng sut qu ti do s c m khng qu ti qu mc cho php.
* Phn b cng sut sau s c :
Cng sut ca mi cun trung MBATN l:
S
CT1
= S
CT2
=
2
1
S
Tmax
=
2
1
162,5 = 81,25 MVA
Cng sut cun h MBATN:
S
CH1
= S
CH2
=
2
1
(S
Fb
- S
Uf
- 3. S
td
max
)
=
2
1
(2. 75 - 13,39 - 2.
4
24
) = 62,31 MVA
Cng sut cun cao MBATN:
S
CC1
= S
CC2
= S
CH
- S
CT
= 62,31 - 81,25 = -18,94 MVA
Xc nh cng sut thiu:
S
Thiu
= S
VHT
- 2.S
CC
= 100,11 - 2. (-18,94) = 137,99 MVA < S
dt
= 504 MVA


(Tho mn )


* Khi mt MBATN b s c:
+ iu kin qu ti s c:
k
qtsc
..S
mF
S
T
max
- S
b

1,4.0,5.160 162,5 - 69
112 MVA > 93,5 MVA ( Tho mn )
+ Xc nh s phn b li cng sut sau s c :
Cng sut ti qua cun trung MBATN:
S
CT
= S
Tmax
- S
B

= 162,5 - 69 = 93,5 MVA
Cng sut ti qua cun h MBATN:
S
H
= S
mMF
- S
Uf
- 3.S
td

= 2.75 - 13,39 - 2
4
24
= 124,61 MVA (1)
N MN HC THIT K NH MY NHIT IN


20
MBATN cn li ti c cng sut cun h nh sau:
S
H
= k
sc
..S
mTN
=1,4.0,5. 200 = 140 MVA (2)
So snh (1) v (2), ta thy (2) > (1) v ta s ly (2)
Vy cng sut chuyn ti qua cun h s l:
S
CH


= 140 MVA
Cng sut ti qua cun cao p MBATN:
S
CC
= S
CH
- S
CT

= 140 93,5 = 46,5 MVA
Cng sut thiu:
S
thiu
= S
VHT
- S
CC

=100,11 46,50 = 53,61 MVA < S
dt
= 504 MVA


(Tho mn )

Nhn xt:
My bin p t ngu khng b qu ti qu mc cho php.
Vy cc my bin p chn trong phng n II tho mn iu kin vn
hnh lc bnh thng v khi s c.



N MN HC THIT K NH MY NHIT IN


21
II.2. Tnh tn tht cng sut v tn tht in nng .
I. Phng n I:
1. My bin p ghp b my pht in - my bin p hai cun dy:
* Tn tht trong my bin p gm hai phn :
- Tn tht st khng ph thuc vo ph ti ca my bin p v bng tn
tht khng ti ca n.
- Tn tht ng trong dy dn, ph thuc vo ph ti ca my bin p.
- Cng thc tnh tn tht in nng trong my bin p ba pha hai cun dy
trong mt nm :
A
b
= P
0
.t + P
N
( . )
S
S
2
dmB
b
t
Trong :
P
0
. P
N
: Tn tht khng ti v tn tht ngn mch ca MBA .
S
mB
: Cng sut nh mc ca my bin p.
S
bmax
:

Cng sut b ca my bin p .
t : Thi gian vn hnh ca my bin p trong nm
My bin p B
3
v B
4
lun lm vic vi th bng phng v vi cng
sut nh mc ca my.
A
B3
= A
B4
= [70+ 310. kWh
3 2
10 2568,19. 8760 ]. )
80
69
( =
=> 2b: 2A
B
= 2.2568,19.10
3
= 5136,37. 10
3
kwh
2. My bin p t ngu ba pha:
tnh tn tht in nng trong my bin p t ngu c nhiu phng
php .Trong chuyn ny ta tnh tn tht my bin p t ngu tng t nh
my bin p ba pha ba cun dy. Khi cun dy ni tip, cun dy chung v
cun dy h p ca MBA t ngu tng ng vi cun cao, trung v h ca
my bin p 3 cun dy.
A
TN
= [P
o
.t +

24
0
2
dmB
.
S
365
( P
N.C
.S
Ci
2
.t
i
+ P
N.T
.S
Ti
2
.t
i
+ P
N.H
.S
Hi
2
.t
i
)]
Trong :
.S
Ci
. S
Ti
. S
Hi
: Cng sut ti qua cun cao, trung, h ca MBA TN trong
khong thi gian t
i
.
N MN HC THIT K NH MY NHIT IN


22
.P
0
: Tn tht khng ti.
.P
N-C
, P
N-T
, P
N-H
: Tn tht ngn mch trong cun dy in p cao,
trung, h ca my bin p t ngu.
Nh SX ch cho P
NC-T
P
NT-H
= P
NC-H
= 0,5 P
NC-T
= 0,5.290 = 145 kW
+ P
N-C
= 0,5 (P
NC-T
+ )
P
-
P
2
H - NT
2
H - NC

= 0,5 (290

+ kW 145 )
0,5
145
-
0,5
145
2 2
=
+ P
N-T
= 0,5 (P
NC-T
+ )
P
-
P
2
H - NC
2
H - NT

= 0,5 (290 + kW 145 )
0,5
145

0,5
145
2 2
=
+P
N-H
= 0,5 ( -
P
+
P
2
H - NT
2
H - NC

P
NC-T
)
= 0,5 kW 715 290) -
0,5
145

0,5
145
(
2 2
= +
Thay s ta c:

=
24
1 i
S
iH
.t
i
= 17,58
2
.6 + 15,21
2
.2 + 50,91
2
.2 + 51,31
2
.2 + 37,03
2
.2
+ 50,13
2
.6 + 52,88
2
.4 = 41766,01 MVA
2
.h

=
24
1 i
S
iT
.ti=(- 10,00)
2
.4 + (-6,88)
2
.6 + (1,25)
2
.4 + (-15)
2
.6 + (-23,13)
2
.4
= 4178,91 MVA
2
.h

=
24
1 i
S
iC
.ti = 27,58
2
.4 + 24,452.2 + 22,09
2
.2 + 57,79
2
.2 + 50,06
2
.2
+ 35,78
2
.2+ 65,13
2
.6+ 76,01
2
.4 = 68016,18 MVA
2
.h
Do :
A
B1
= A
B2
=
= 8760.0,075+
2
160
365
(0,145. 68016,18 + 0,145. 4178,91+ 0,715. 41766,01)
A
B1
= A
B2
= 1527,81 MWh
Vy tng tn tht in nng trong cc my bin p ca phng n 1
l:
N MN HC THIT K NH MY NHIT IN


23
A

= A
B1
+A
B2
+A
B3
+A
B4
= 2. 1527,81.10
3
+ 2.2568,19.10
3

A = 8192.103 KWh

2. Phng n II
1. My bin p ghp b my pht in-my bin p hai cun dy:
Kt qu nh PAI A
B4
= 2568,19.10
3
kWh
Tng t: A
B1
= P
0
.t + P
N
( . )
S
S
2
dmB
b
t
A
B1
= [ 80 + 320.( . )
80
69
2
].8760 = 2786,12.10
3
kWh.
2. My bin p t ngu ba pha:
Nh SX ch cho P
NC-T
P
NT-H
= P
NC-H
= 0,5 P
NC-T
= 0,5.290 = 145 kW
+ P
N-C
= 0,5 (P
NC-T
+ )
P
-
P
2
H - NT
2
H - NC

= 0,5 (290

+ kW 145 )
0,5
145
-
0,5
145
2 2
=
+ P
N-T
= 0,5 (P
NC-T
+ )

2
H -
2
H - NC NT
P P

= 0,5 (290 + kW 145 )
0,5
215

0,5
215
2 2
=
+P
N-H
= 0,5 ( -
P
+
P
2
H - NT
2
H - NC

P
NC-T
)
= 0,5 kW 715 290) -
0,5
215

0,5
215
(
2 2
= +
Thay s ta c:

=
24
1 i
S
iH
.t
i
= 17,58
2
.6 + 15,21
2
.2+ 50,91
2
.2 +51,31
2
.2 +37,03
2
.2
+50,13
2
.6 + 52,88
2
.4 = 41766,01 MVA
2
.h

=
24
1 i
S
iT
.ti = 30
2
.4 + 33,13
2
.6 + 41,25
2
.4 + 25
2
.6 + 16,88
2
.4
= 21878,91 MVA
2
.h
N MN HC THIT K NH MY NHIT IN


24

=
24
1 i
S
iC
.ti = (-12,43)
2
.4 +(-15,55)
2
.2 + (-17,92)
2
.2 + (17,79)
2
.2 +(10,06)

2
.2
+ (-4,22)
2
.2 + (25,13)
2
.6+ (36,01)
2
.4 = 11586,58 A
2
.h
Do :
A
B2
= A
B3
=
= 8760.0,105+
2
160
365
(0,145. 11586,58 + 0,145. 21878,91+ 0,715. 41766,01)
A
B2
= A
B3
= 1509,9 MWh.
Vy tng tn tht in nng trong cc my bin p ca phng n III l:
A

= A
B1
+A
B2
+A
B3
+A
B4
=
= 2786,12.10
3
+ 2568,19.10
3
+ 2. 1509,9.10
3
=
= 8374,1.10
3
KWh > 8192,1.10
3
KWh _ Ca phng n 1.
Vy xt v mt tn tht in nng th phng n I tt hn phng n II.
Tuy nhin nh gi chn c phng n ti u ta phi tnh ton kinh t k
thut th mi chn c phng n c th .

N MN HC THIT K NH MY NHIT IN


25
CHNG III
SO SNH KINH T, K THUT CHN PHNG N TI U
Vic quyt nh chn mt phng n no cng u phi da trn c s
so snh v mt kinh t v k thut . V mt kinh t chnh l tng vn u
t cho phng n , ph tn vn hnh hng nm , thit hi hng nm do mt
in Nu vic tnh ton thit hi hng nm do mt in kh khn th ta c th
so snh cc phng n theo phng thc rt gn , b qua thnh phn thit hi
V mt k thut d nh gi mt phng n c th da vo cc im sau :
+ Tnh m bo cung cp in khi lm vic bnh thng cng nh khi s c .
+ Tnh linh hot trong vn hnh , mc t ng ho .
+ Tnh an ton cho ngi v thit b .
Trong cc phng n tnh ton kinh t thng dng th th phng php
thi gian thu hi vn u t chnh lch so vi ph tn vn hnh hng nm
c coi l phng php c bn nh gi v mt kinh t ca phng n .
Vn u t cho phng n bao gm vn u t cho mba v vn u t cho
thit b phn phi . V thc t , vn u t vo thit b phn phi ch yu ph
thuc vo gi tin ca my ct , v vy chn cc mch thit b phn phi
cho tng phng n phi chn s b loi my ct . chn s b loi my
ct ta phi tnh dng cng bc cho tng cp in p .

III.1. XC NH DNG IN LM VIC CNG BC
III.1.1. Xc nh dng in lm vic cng bc phng n 1.
















- Cp in p 220 KV
~
B4 B
3
B2 B1
F
4

220KV 110KV
~
F
3
~
F
2
~
F
1

N MN HC THIT K NH MY NHIT IN


26
220 . 3
152
. 3
max
=
dm
HT
U
S
Ph ti cc i ca h thng S
HTmax
= 152 MVA

I
cb
= = 0,398 KA

Xc nh dng lm vic cng bc ti u cun cao my bin p lin
lc:
I
(2)
=
U . 3
S
max
CC

* Khi lm vic bnh thng : S
CC
max
= 76,01MVA => I
(2)
= 0,199 KA
* Khi s c bn trung: S
CC
max
= 32,53 MVA => I
(2)
= 0,085 KA
* Khi s c MBALL: S
CC
max
= 96,95 MVA => I
(2)
= 0,254 KA
Vy dng lm vic cng bc bn cao chn kh c in v MC l :
I
max
cb
= 0,398 KA

- Cp in p 110 KV
Mch thit k gm 5 ng dy vi P
max
= 140 MW ; cos = 0,80. Theo
u bi cng sut cc mch nh nhau nn cng sut ca 1 mch l:
S
max
=
80 , 0
5 / 140
= 35 MVA
I
cb
=
110 3
35

= 0,184 KA

- B my pht in _ my bin p hai dy cun
I
cb
=
110 3
75 05 , 1
3
05 , 1

dm
dmF
U
S
= 0,413 KA
- i vi trung p my bin p lin lc dng cng bc c xt khi s c
mt my bin p t ngu lin lc (B
1
hoc B
2
)
I
cb
= [S
Tmax
- (S
B3
+ S
B4
+S
td
)]
dm
U 3
1

=
110 . 3
) 4 / 24 . 2 80 . 2 ( 162,5 +

= - 0,050 KA
Vy cp in p trung I
cb
ly l 0,413 KA.
- Cp in p 10,5 KV
N MN HC THIT K NH MY NHIT IN


27
Mch h p my bin p lin lc
I
cb
= k
qtsc
..
dm
dmB
U
S
3
1
= 1,4 x 0,5
5 , 10 3
160

= 6,16 KA
Mch my pht
I
cb
= 1,05
dm
dmF
U
S
3
= 1,05
5 , 10 3
75

= 4,335 KA
Mch khng phn on
Dng cng bc qua khng phn on c xt theo 2 trng hp
Trng hp 1
Khi s c my bin p B
1
hoc B
2






S
quaB
= k
qtsc
.. S
mB1
= 1,4 x 0,5 x 160 = 112 MVA
S
quaK
= S
quaB
+
2
1
S
p
+
4
1
S
t
- s
mF
=112 +
2
1
. 15,75 +
4
1
.24 - 75 = 50,88 MVA
Trng hp 2
Xt s c mt my pht (F
1
hoc F
2
)





S
quaB
=
2
1
(S
mF
- S
p
-

4
1
S
td
) =
2
1
(75 -15,75 -
4
1
.24) = 26,62 MVA
Lc ny S
quaK
l: S
quaK
= S
qB
+
2
1
s
p
= 26,62 +
2
1
.15,75 = 34,5 MVA
Vy dng qua khng c xt khi s c mt my bin p B
1
hoc B
2

I
cb
=
5 , 10 3
50,88
3
=
dm
qk
U
S
= 2,8 KA
~
S
qB
S
qK
1/2S
dp
1/2S
dp
B
1
B
2
F
2
1/4S
td
~
~
S
qB
1/2S
dp
1/2S
dp
B
1
S
qK
1/4S
td
1/4S
td
N MN HC THIT K NH MY NHIT IN


28
Chn khng in phn on
Chn khng in phn on theo iu kin sau:
U
mK
U
mng
= 10,5KV
I
mK
I
cbK
= 2,8 KA
Tra ti liu thit k nh my in chn khng
(Ph lc X.1.Tr.265. [1] )
PbA _10_3000_12
U
m
=10,5 KV
I
mK
= 3 KA
X
k
% = 12%
III.1.2. Phng n 2.
- Cp in p 220 KV
+ Mch ng dy nh phng n 1: I
cb
= 0,398 KA
+ B my pht in _ my bin p B
4

I
cb
=
220 . 3
75 05 , 1
. 3
. 05 , 1
=
dm
Fbo
U
S
= 0,207
Vy dng lm vic cng bc bn cao 220kV chn kh c in v MC l :
I
max
cb
= 0,398 KA
- Cp in p 110KV:
Mch trung p my bin p lin lc
Dng cng bc c xt khi s c mt trong hai my bin p t ngu
I
cb
=
110 . 3
75 5 , 162
. 3
max

=

dm
Fbo T
U
S S
= 0,46 KA
Dng cng bc qua b my pht in _ my bin p B
3
: I
cb
= 0,46 KA
Vy dng cng bc pha 110 ly l I
cb
= 0,46 KA
- Cp in p 10,5 KV
- Pha h p my bin p lin lc
I
cb
= k
qtsc

dm
dmB
U
S
3
1

= 1,4 x 0,5
5 , 10 . 3
160
= 6,16 KA
- Mch my pht nh PA1: I
cb
= 4,335 KA
- Mch khng in phn on
a. S c my pht F
1



S
qB
B
1
1/2S 1/2S
S
qK
1/4S
~
N MN HC THIT K NH MY NHIT IN


29




S
quaB
=
2
1
(S
mF
- S
p
-
4
1
S
td
) =
2
1
(75 - 15,75 -
4
1
.24) = 26,63 MVA
S
quaK
= S
quaB
+
2
1
S
p
= 26,63 +
2
1
.15,75 = 34,51 MVA
b. Khi s c mt my bin p lin lc B
2






S
quaB
= k
qtsc
. . S
mB1
= 1,4 . 0,5 . 160 = 112 MVA
S
quaK
= S
quaB
- S
Fm
+
2
1
.S
p
+
4
1
.S
td
= 112 +
2
1
.15,75 +
4
1
.24 = 50,88 MVA
Vy dng khng xt khi s c mt my bin p t ngu l:
I
cb
=
5 , 10 3
88 , 50
3
=
dm
qk
U
S
= 2,8 KA
Chn khng phn on theo iu kin sau
U
mK
U
m

I
mK
I
cb
= 2,8 KA
Tra ti liu thit k nh my in chn khng
(Ph lc X.1.Tr.265. [1] )
PbA _10_3000_12; U
m
= 10,5 KV; I
mK
= 3 KA; X
k
% = 12%
Nh vy c hai phng n trn ta u chn c khng in cng loi v
u m bo cc yu cu v k thut do vy gi c hai phng n so snh
kinh t tm ra phng n ti u .

III.2. SO SNH KINH T K THUT LA CHN PHNG N TI U
Mc ch ca phn ny l so snh nh gi cc phng n v mt kinh
t t la chn phng n ti u m bo cc iu kin k thut v ch tiu
kinh t.
~
~
B
1
S
qK
1/4S
td
F
2
F
2
1/2S
dp
1/2S
dp
1/4S
td
S
quaB
N MN HC THIT K NH MY NHIT IN


30
V mt kinh t khi tnh vn u t ca 1 phng n , chng ta ch tnh
tin mua thit b, tin chuyn tr v xy lp cc thit b chnh. Mt cch gn
ng ta c th ch tnh vn u t cho my bin p v cc thit b phn phi.
M tin chi ph xy dng thit b phn phi th ta tnh vo s mch ca thit b
phn phi cc cp in p tng ng ch yu do my ct quyt nh.
Mt phng n v thit b in c gi l c hiu qu kinh t cao nht
nu chi ph tnh ton thp nht :
C
i
= P
i
+ a
m
.V
i
+ Y
i

C
i
: Hm chi ph tinh ton ca phng n i (ng )
P
i
: Ph tn vn hnh hng nm ca phng n i ( ng/nm )
V
i
: Vn u t ca phng n i ( ng )
Y
i
: Thit hi do mt in gy ra ca phng n i ( ng/nm )
a
m
: H s nh mc ca hiu qu kinh t = 0,15 ( 1/nm )
y cc phng n ging nhau v my pht in. Do vn u t
c tnh l tin mua, vn chuyn v xy lp cc my bin p v thit b phn
phi l my ct.
Vn u t : V
i
= V
Bi
+ V
TBPPi

Trong :
Vn u t my bin p V
B
= k
B
.v
B

K
Bi
: L h s c tnh n tin chuyn ch v xy lp MBA th i
H s ny ph thuc vo in p nh mc cun cao p v cng
sut nh mc ca my bin p
v
B
: Tin mua my bin p.
Vn u t my ct V
TBPP
= n
1
.V
TBPP1
+ n
2
.V
TBPP2
+ n
3
.V
TBPP3
+ . . .
n
1
, n
2
, . . .: S mch phn phi.
V
TBPP1
,V
TBPP2
, . . . : Gi tin mi mch phn phi.
Ph tn vn hnh hng nm :
P
i
= P
ki
+ P
pi
+ P
ti

P
ki
=
100
a.V
i
: Khu hao hng nm v vn v sa cha ln.
a%: nh mc khu hao ( % ) .
N MN HC THIT K NH MY NHIT IN


31
P
pi
: Chi ph lng cng nhn v sa cha nh. C th b qua v n
chim gi tr khng ng k so vi tng chi ph sn xut v cng t khc nhau
gia cc phng n.
P
ti
= .A : Chi ph do tn tht in nng hng nm gy ra.
= 0,06 USD /kWh.
V mt k thut th mt phng n chp nhn c phi m bo cc iu
kin:
Tnh m bo cung cp in lc lm vic bnh thng cng nh khi
s c
Tnh linh hot trong vn hnh
Tnh an ton cho ngi v thit b
I.Chn my ct v dao cch ly cho tng phng n :
1.Chn my ct in:
My ct in dng ng ct mch in vi dng ph ti khi lm
vic bnh thng v vi dng ngn mch khi s c. m bo an ton cho
ngi v thit b phn phi my ct in c chn theo cc iu kin sau:
in p nh mc U
mMC
U
m Mng

Dng in nh mc I
mMC
I
lvbt

m bo n nh nhit I
2
nh
.t
nh
B
N

n nh lc in ng i

i
xk

iu kin ct I
ct m
I

Ch : i vi nhng my ct c I
m
1000A khng cn kim tra n nh
nhit

2.Chn dao cch ly:
U
m CL
U
m Mng

I
m CL
I
lvcb
n nh nhit I
2
nh
.t
nh
B
N

n nh lc in ng i

i
xk

Ch : i vi dao cch ly c I
m
> 1000 A khng cn kim tra n nh nhit
khi ngn mch.
II. So snh kinh t gia cc phng n:
N MN HC THIT K NH MY NHIT IN


32
1. Tnh ton kinh t cho phng n 1:


















a. Tnh vn u t cho my bin p:
Gm 2 my bin p t ngu ATTH 160 -220/110 c K
B
= 1,4
Gi 750. 10
3
USD /1my
Hai my bin p 3 pha 2 dy qun T 80 - 110/10,5 c K
B
= 1,5
Gi 550 . 10
3
USD/1my
Vy tng vn u t cho my bin p l
V
B
= 2.1,4.750. 10
3
+ 2.1,5.550 10
3
= 3750 . 10
3
USD
b.Vn u t cho thit b phn phi:
Qua s ni in chnh ca 2 phng n ta thy v c bn s l
ging nhau, ch khc nhau v s lng my ct. Do khi tnh ton vn u
t cho thit b phn phi ta ch tnh n gi thnh ca cc mch my ct in
cc cp in p.
B1

F1 F2
B2
B4
F4
F3
B3

N MN HC THIT K NH MY NHIT IN


33
Cp in p 220KV gm 5 mch my ct FA245-40 c gi l
80. 10
3
USD /1mch
Cp in p 110KV gm 12 mch my ct FA123-40 c gi
40. 10
3
USD /1mch
Cp 10,5KV gm 3 mch my ct loi 8BK40 ,gi l 30. 10
3
USD
/1mch
Vy tng vn u t cho thit b phn phi:
V
TBPP
= (5.80 + 12.40 + 3.30) = 970. 10
3
USD
Vy tng vn u t cho c my bin p v thit b phn phi
V = V
B
+ V
TBPP
= (3750 + 970).10
3
= 4720.10
3
USD
= 4720.15780.10
3
= 74481.10
9
VND

c. Tnh ph tn vn hnh hng nm:
Khu hao hng nm v vn u t v sa cha ln:
P
k
=
100
1
100
V . a
= .( a
B
.V
B
+ a
TBPP
.V
TBPP
)
Chn a
B
= 8,1%; a
TBPP
= 6,4%
P
k
=
3
10 ) 970 . 4 , 6 3750 . 1 , 8 .(
100
1
+ = 365,83.10
3
USD = 5773. 10
9
VND
Chi ph do tn tht in nng
P
t
= . A
1

: l gi thnh trung bnh in nng trong h thng in n ph
thuc vo thi gian s dng ph ti cc i T
max
v v tr a l t thit b.
Ly = 0,06 USD/ KWh
P
t
= 0,06. 8192.1.10
3
= 491.10
3
USD = 7756. 10
9
VND.
Vy ph tn vn hnh hng nm ca phng n 1 l:
P = P
k
+ P
t
= 5773. 10
9
+ 7756. 10
9
= 13529.10
9
VND


N MN HC THIT K NH MY NHIT IN


34
2. Tnh ton kinh t cho phng n 2:


















a. Tnh vn u t cho my bin p:
Gm 2 my bin p t ngu ATTH 160 -220/110 c K
B
= 1,4
Gi 750. 10
3
USD /1my
1 my bin p 3 pha 2 dy qun T 80 - 110/10,5 c K
B
= 1,5
Gi 550 . 10
3
USD/1my
1 my bin p 3 pha 2 dy qun T 80 - 242/10,5 c K
B
= 1,4
Gi 750 . 10
3
USD/1my
Vy tng vn u t cho my bin p l
V
B
= 3.1,4.750. 10
3
+ 1,5.550 10
3
= 3975. 10
3
USD
b.Vn u t cho thit b phn phi:
Qua s ni in chnh ca 2 phng n ta thy v c bn s l
ging nhau, ch khc nhau v s lng my ct. Do khi tnh ton vn u

F1 F2
B3
B4
F4 F3

B1
B2
N MN HC THIT K NH MY NHIT IN


35
t cho thit b phn phi ta ch tnh n gi thnh ca cc mch my ct in
cc cp in p.
Cp in p 220KV gm 6 mch my ct FA245-40 c gi l
80. 10
3
USD /1mch
Cp in p 110KV gm 11 mch my ct FA123-40 c gi
40. 10
3
USD /1mch
Cp 10,5KV gm 3 mch my ct loi 8BK40 ,gi l 30. 10
3
USD
/1mch
Vy tng vn u t cho thit b phn phi:
V
TBPP
= (6.80 + 11.40 + 3.30) = 1010. 10
3
USD
Vy tng vn u t cho c my bin p v thit b phn phi
V = V
B
+ V
TBPP
= (3975 + 1010).10
3
= 4985.10
3
USD
= 4985.15780.10
3
= 78663.10
9
VND

c. Tnh ph tn vn hnh hng nm:
Khu hao hng nm v vn u t v sa cha ln:
P
k
=
100
1
100
V . a
= .( a
B
.V
B
+ a
TBPP
.V
TBPP
)
Chn a
B
= 8,1%; a
TBPP
= 6,4%
P
k
=
3
10 ) 1010 . 4 , 6 3975 . 1 , 8 .(
100
1
+ = 386,62.10
3
USD = 6100. 10
9
VND
Chi ph do tn tht in nng
P
t
= . A
1

: l gi thnh trung bnh in nng trong h thng in n ph
thuc vo thi gian s dng ph ti cc i T
max
v v tr a l t thit b.
Ly = 0,06 USD/ KWh
P
t
= 0,06. 8374,1.10
3
= 502.10
3
USD = 7921. 10
9
VND.
Vy ph tn vn hnh hng nm ca phng n 2 l:
P = Pk + Pt = 6100.109 + 7921. 109 = 14021.109 VND
N MN HC THIT K NH MY NHIT IN


36
TA C BNG KT QU TNH TON KINH T CC PHNG N:


PHNG
N
TN THT
IN NNG
TRONG 1 NM
10
3
KWh
VN U T
10
9
VND

PH TN VN
HNH
10
9
VND

I 8192,1 74481 13529
II 8374,1 78663 14021

Nhn xt:
.V mt kinh t:
Qua bng kt qu trn ta thy :
-
V
I
< V
II
-
P
I
< P
II
V mt kinh t phng n I c hiu qu kinh t cao hn phng n II
.V mt k thut :
- tin cy cung cp in ca hai phng n l nh nhau .
- Phng n 1 c cc b my pht - my bin p hai cun dy l
ging nhau nn s c vn hnh dng hn, cp in p thp
hn mc an ton in cng c th coi l cao hn cho ngi v
thit b .
- Kh nng pht trin ca phng n 1 tt hn khi cn b xung thm
ngun vo pha thanh gp 220kV hay thm ph ti vo pha 110 kV
Nh vy qua phn tch kinh t v k thut i vi 2 phng n ta thy
phng n 1 c nhiu u im hn phng n 2.V vy ta quyt nh chn
phng n 1 lm phng n ti u cho ti thit k.




CHNG IV
N MN HC THIT K NH MY NHIT IN


37
TNH TON DNG IN NGN MCH
CHN KH C IN V THANH DN

IV.1. TNH TON DNG IN NGN MCH:

Mc ch ca vic tnh ton ngn mch l chn cc kh c in v
dy dn ca nh my m bo cc ch tiu n nh ng v n nh nht khi
ngn mch .
Khi chn s tnh ton dng in ngn mch i vi mi kh c
in cn chn 1 ch lm vic nng n nht nhng phi ph hp vi iu
kin lm vic thc t . Dng in tnh ton ngn mch chn kh c in l
dng ngn mch 3 pha .

1.Chn cc i lng c bn
S
cb
= 100 MVA
U
cb
= U
tb

Dng in c bn cp in p 10,5 KV
I
cb1
=
1 cb
cb
U . 3
S
=
5 , 10 . 3
100
= 5,5 KA
Dng in c bn cp in p 110 KV
I
cb2
=
2 cb
cb
U . 3
S
=
115 . 3
100
= 0,520 KA
Dng in c bn cp in p 220 KV
I
cb3
=
3
. 3
cb
cb
U
S
=
230 . 3
100
= 0,2510 KA

2. Chn cc im ngn mch:
Chn im ngn mch N1: chn kh c in pha 220 KV c
ngun cung cp l nh my in v h thng .
Chn im ngn mch N2 : chn kh c in cho mch 110
KV c ngun cung cp l nh my in v h thng .
Chn im ngn mch N3 : chn kh c in mch h p ca
my bin p lin lc c ngun cung cp l cc my pht in v h thng gi
N MN HC THIT K NH MY NHIT IN


38
thit my bin p lin lc B
1
ngh tc l cc my ct in pha cao v trung
ca MBA B
1
u ct ra .
Chn im ngn mch N4 : chn kh c in trn mch phn
on thanh gp in p my pht c ngun cung cp cho im ngn mch l
cc my pht in v h thng . Gi thit my pht I v my bin p I khng
lm vic .
Chn im ngn mch N5 : Chn kh c in cho mch my pht
in c ngun cung cp cho im ngn mch l my pht in I
Chn im ngn mch N5 : chn kh c in trn mch phn on
thanh gp in p my pht, c ngun cung cp l cc my pht in v HT
Chn im ngn mch N6 : chn kh c in trn mch t
dng , c ngun cung cp cho im ngn mch l cc my pht in v h
thng . I
N6
= I
N5
+ I
N5





















11
B
22 11
N
N
N
N
N
F F
F
F

N
N MN HC THIT K NH MY NHIT IN


39



3. Tnh in khng cc phn t:
in khng ca h thng
X
HT
= X
HT*
.
HT
cb
S
S
= 0,65.
3600
100
= 0,018
X
d
=
2
1
.X
0
. L.
2
cb
cb
U
S
=
2
1
. 0,4. 98.
2
230
100
= 0,037
X
1
= X
HT
+ X
d
= 0,018 + 0,037 = 0,055
in khng my pht
X
F
= X
d
.
dmMF
cb
S
S
= 0,146.
75
100
= 0,195
X
F
= X
6
, X
7
, X
8
, X
9

in khng ca khng in
X
K
=
dmK
cb K
I
I
.
100
% X
=
3
5 , 5
.
100
12
= 0,22
X
K
= X
5

in khng ca my bin p hai dy qun
X
B
=
dmBA
cb N
S
S
.
100
% U
=
80
100
.
100
5 , 10
= 0,131.
X
B
= X
10
= X
11

in khng ca my bin p B1, B2.
+ in khng cun cao p
X
C
=
200
1
.( U
NC-T
+ U
NC-H
- U
NT-H
).
dmBA
cb
S
S

=
200
1
.( 11 + 32 - 20 ).
160
100
= 0,072
X
C
= X
2

+ in khng cun h p
X
H
=
200
1
.( U
NC-H
+ U
NT-H
U
NC-T
).
dmBA
cb
S
S

N MN HC THIT K NH MY NHIT IN


40
=
200
1
.( 32 + 20 - 11 ) .
160
100
= 0,122
X
H
= X
3

+ in khng cun trung
X
T
=
200
1
.( U
NC-T
+ U
NT-H
U
NC-H
).
dmBA
cb
S
S

=
200
1
. ( 11 + 20 - 32 ) .
160
100
= 0

4. Tnh ton ngn mch:
a. Lp s thay th, tnh ton ngn mch ti im N
1
:
X
1
= 0,055; X
2
= 0,072; X
3
= 0,122; X
5
= 0,22
X
6
= X
7
= X
8
= X
9
= 0,195; X
10
= X
11
= 0,131














V ( X
8
+ X
10
)// ( X
9
+ X
11
) nn ta c X
12
=
2
X X
10 8
+
=
2
131 , 0 195 , 0 +
=
0,163
S trn l i xng so vi im ngn mch N1 do ta c th tnh:
X X
X X
X X X X
X X
X
E E E E
E
N
N MN HC THIT K NH MY NHIT IN


41
E
E
X
X
X
E
34
N

X
13
=
2
X
2
=
2
072 , 0
= 0,036;
X
14
=
2
X
3
=
2
122 , 0
= 0,061
X
15
=
2
X
6
=
2
195 , 0
= 0,098


Vy s trn cn li l :
X
16
= X
14
+ X
15
= 0,061+ 0,098 = 0,159
Ta ghp E
12
v E
34
:
X
17
= X
16
// X
12
= 08 , 0
163 , 0 0,159
163 , 0 . 0,159
=
+

X
18
= X
13
+ X
17
= 0,036 + 0,08 = 0,116






S rt gn cui cng :





+ Mch HT:
x
*
tt
= X
*cb
. . 055 , 0 =

cb
dm
S
S
100
3600
= 2
Tra ng cong tnh ton c: ( Hnh 4.3a. Tr.91. [2] ).
I

*HT
= 0,49 I

HT
= I

*HT
. I
dmHT
= 0,49. KA 428 , 4
230 . 3
3600
=
E E
N
X X
0,0
55
0,1
N MN HC THIT K NH MY NHIT IN


42
+ Mch MF:
x
*
tt
= X
*cb
. 0,116 =

cb
dm
S
S
100
300
=0,348
Tra ng cong tnh ton c
I

*F
= 2,53 I

F
= I

*F
. I
dmF
=2,53. KA 9052 , 1
230 3
300
=
Dng in ngn mch ti N1 thi im t = 0
I

N1(0)
= I

F
+ I

HT
=1,9052 + 4,428 = 6,333 KA
Dng in xung kch ti N
1
l: i
xk
= k
xk
. 2 I
N1(0)

k
xk
l h xung kch ly k
xk
= 1,8
i
xk
= 1,8. 2 . 6,333 = 16,121 KA

b.Tnh dng ngn mch ti N2:
Theo kt qu tnh ton v bin i s ng vi im ngn mch N1 ta
c kt qu sau :
X
1
= 0,055
X
13
= 0,036
X
12
= 0,163
X
16
= X
1
+ X
13
= 0,055 + 0,036 = 0,091
X
17
= X
14
+ X
15
= 0,061 + 0,098 = 0,1159
X
18
= X
12
// X
17
=
1159 , 0 163 , 0
1159 , 0 . 0,163
+
= 0,068

S rt gn cui cng :




+ Mch HT:
x
*
tt
= X
*cb
. . 0,091 =

cb
dm
S
S
100
3600
= 3,276 > 3.
E E
N
2
X X
N
E
E
X
X
X
X
E
34
N MN HC THIT K NH MY NHIT IN


43
Nn : I

HT
= I
cb
.
td
td
X
E
= 0,398. 373 , 4
0,091
1
= KA.

+ Mch MF :
x
*
tt
= X
*cb
. 0,068 =

cb
dm
S
S
.
100
300
= 0,204.
Tra ng cong tnh ton c
I

*F
= 5 I

F
= I

*F
.I
dmF
= 5. KA 765 , 3
230 . 3
300
=
Dng in ngn mch ti N 2 thi im t = 0
I

N2(0)
= I

F
+ I

HT
= 3,765 + 4,373 = 8,138 KA
Dng in xung kch ti N
2
l:i
xk
= k
xk
. 2 I
N2 (0)

k
xk
l h xung kch ly k
xk
= 1,8
i
xk
= 1,8. 2 .8,138 = 20,716 KA

c. Tnh dng ngn mch ti N3:
Ta c kt qu tnh ton phn trc :
X
1
= 0,055
X
2
= 0,072
X
3
= 0,122
X
5
= 0,22
X
6
= X
7
= 0,195
X
12
= 0,163





Bin i tip ta c
X
8
= X
1
+ X
2
= 0,055+ 0,072 = 0,127.
Bin i (X
8
, X
3
,X
12
) ( X
9
,X
10
)
X
X
X X
X
E
E
E
N
E
X
X
N MN HC THIT K NH MY NHIT IN


44
X
9
= X
8
+ X
3
+
12
3 8
X
X . X
= 0,127 + 0,122 +
0,163
0,122 . 127 , 0
= 0,344.
X
10
= X
12
+ X
3
+
8
3 12
X
X . X
= 0,163 + 0,122 +
0,127
122 , 0 . 163 , 0
= 0,442
Kt qu sau khi bin i


N
3






Ghp E
2
vi E
34
ta c
X
11
= X
7
// X
10
= 135 , 0
0,442 195 , 0
0,442 . 195 , 0
=
+

Bin i (X
5
,X
9
,X
11
)
thiu
(X
12
,X
13
)
X
12
= X
5
+ X
9
+
11
9 5
X
X X
= 0,22 + 0,344 + 125 , 1
135 , 0
344 , 0 . 22 , 0
=
X
13
= X
5
+ X
11
+
9
11 5
X
X . X
= 0,22 + 0,135 + 441 , 0
0,344
135 , 0 . 22 , 0
=

Ta c s cn li l








E
X
X X
X
E E
E
X
X
E
N
E
X
E
N MN HC THIT K NH MY NHIT IN


45


Nhp E
1
vi E
2

X
14
= X
6
// X
13
= 135 , 0
441 , 0 0,195
441 , 0 . 0,195
=
+

Vy s rt gn cui cng l



+ Mch HT:
x
*
tt
= X
*cb
. 125 , 1 =

cb
dm
S
S
100
3600
= 40,5 > 3
Nn : I

HT
= I
cb
.
td
td
X
E
= 0,398. 35 , 0
125 , 1
1
= KA
+ Mch MF:
x
*
tt
= X
*cb
. 135 , 0 =

cb
dm
S
S
.
100
300
= 0,405.
Tra ng cong tnh ton c
I

*F
= 2,45 I

F
= I

*F
. I
dmF
= 2,45. KA 42 , 40
5 , 10 . 3
300
=
Dng in ngn mch ti N
3
thi im t = 0
I

N3(0)
= I

F
+ I

HT
= 40,42 + 0,35 = 40,77 KA.
Dng in xung kch ti N
3
l: i
xk
= k
xk
. 2 I
N3 (0)

k
xk
l h xung kch ly k
xk
= 1,8
i
xk
= 1,8. 2 .40,77 = 103,78 KA.

d. Tnh dng in ngn mch ti N
5
: chn my ct in cho mch
my pht c ngun cung cp l my pht in F
1
.
Ta c s tnh ton ngn mch
+ Mch MF:
x
*
tt
= X
F
. 0,195 =
cb
F
S
S
.
100
75
= 0,146.
E
123

E
X
1
X
1
1, 0,135
E
X
0,
N
N MN HC THIT K NH MY NHIT IN


46
Tra ng cong tnh ton c
I

*F
= 6,8 I

N5
= I

*F
. I
dmF
= 6,8. KA 04 , 28
5 , 10 . 3
75
=
Dng in xung kch ti N
5
l: i
xk
= k
xk
. 2 I
N5 (0)

k
xk
l h xung kch ly k
xk
= 1,8
i
xk
= 1,8. 2 .28,04 = 71,38 KA.

e. Tnh dng ngn mch ti N
4
:
chn kh c in cho mch phn on in p 10,5 KV, c
ngun cung cp l nh my in v h thng in tr my pht 1 v gi
thit MBA B
1
ngh .
Theo nguyn l xp chng, ta c dng in ngn mch ti N
4
t =
0
I
N4
= I

N3
- I

N5
= 103,78 - 71,38 = 32,4 KA .
Dng in xung kch :
i
xk
= KA 47 , 82 32,4 . 8 , 1 . 2 =

f. Tnh dng in ngn mch ti im N
5
,


chn my ct in cho mch my pht c ngun cung cp l h
thng v my pht in, tr MF F1
S tnh ton ngn mch :











E
X X
X X
X X X
X X
X
E E E
N
N MN HC THIT K NH MY NHIT IN


47





Theo kt qu tnh phn trc ta c kt qu
X
1
= 0,055 ; X
2
= 0,072 ; X
3
= 0,122
X
7
= X
8
= X
9
= 0,195; X
5
= 0,22; X
10
= X
11
= 0,131.
X
12
= ( X
8
+ X
10
) // ( X
9
+ X
11

) = 0,163.
X
13
=
2
X
2
= 0,036.
X
14
= X
1
+ X
13
= 0,055 + 0,036 = 0,091.

Vy s cn li l







Bin i (X
3
,X
3
,X
5
) (X
15
,X
16
,X
17
)
X
15
=
5 3 3
3 3
X X X
X . X
+ +
= 032 , 0
22 , 0 122 , 0 . 2
122 , 0 . 122 , 0
=
+


X
16
= . 058 , 0
22 , 0 122 , 0 . 2
22 , 0 . 122 , 0
. 2
.
5 3
5 3
=
+
=
+ X X
X X

X
17
= X
16
= 0,058.

S cn li l


E
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
E
X
X
E
E
X
X
X X
N
X
X
X
N MN HC THIT K NH MY NHIT IN


48










Bin i (X
14
,X
12
,X
15
)
thiu
(X
18
,X
19
)
X
18
= X
14
+ X
15
+
12
15 14
X
X . X
= 0,091 + 0,032 + 14 , 0
163 , 0
032 , 0 . 091 , 0
=
X
19
= X
12
+ X
15
+
14
15 12
X
X . X
= 0,163 + 0,032 + 252 , 0
091 , 0
032 , 0 . 163 , 0
=
X
20
= X
17
+ X
7
= 0,058 + 0,195 = 0,253
Ghp E
34
vi E
2

X
21
= X
19
//X
20
= 126 , 0
253 , 0 252 , 0
253 , 0 . 252 , 0
=
+


Bin i ( X
18
,X
16
,X
21
)
thiu
(X
22
,X
23
)
X
22
= X
16
+ X
18
+
21
18 16
X
X X
= 0,058 + 0,14 + 262 , 0
126 , 0
14 , 0 . 058 , 0
=
X
23
= X
16
+ X
21
+
18
21 16
X
X X
= 0,058 + 0,126 + 236 , 0
14 , 0
126 , 0 . 058 , 0
=

X
E
X
E
N

X
X
X
N MN HC THIT K NH MY NHIT IN


49
Vy s rt gn cui cng l





+ Mch HT:
x
*
tt
= X
*cb
. 262 , 0 =

cb
dm
S
S
100
3600
= 9,432 > 3
Nn : I

HT
= I
cb
.
td
td
X
E
= 0,398. 52 , 1
262 , 0
1
= KA

+ Mch MF:
x
*
tt
= X
*cb
. 236 , 0 =

cb
dm
S
S
.
100
300
= 0,708.
Tra ng cong tnh ton c
I

*F
= 1,4 I

F
= I

*F
.I
dmF
= 1,4. KA 1 , 23
5 , 10 . 3
300
=
Dng in ngn mch ti N

5
thi im t = 0

I

N5(0)
= I

F
+ I

HT
= 23,1 + 1,52 = 24,62 KA.
Dng in xung kch ti N

5
l : i
xk
= k
xk
. 2 I
N2 (0)

k
xk
l h xung kch ly k
xk
= 1,9
i
xk
= 1,9. 2 .24,62 = 65,95 KA

g. Tnh ngn mch ti N
6
:
Dng in ngn mch qua im N
6
thi im t = 0.
I

N6(0)
= I

N5(0)
+ I

N5

(0)
= 28,04 + 24,62 = 52,66 KA.
Dng in xung kch
i
xk N6
= KA 65 , 133 52,66 . 8 , 1 . 2 =


E E
X X
0, 0,23 N

N5
N MN HC THIT K NH MY NHIT IN


50
Bng kt qu tnh ton ngn mch
Cp in
p
KV
im
ngn
mch
Dng ngn mch
I

( kA
)
i
xk
(KA)
220 N1 6,333 16,121
110 N2 8,138 20,716
10,5 N3 40,77 103,78
10,5 N4 32,4 82,47
10,5 N5 28,04 71,38
10,5 N5' 24,62 65,95
10,5 N6 52,66 133,65

IV.2. CHN KH C IN V THANH DN:
Nhng thit b chnh trong nh my in v trm in nh my pht,
my bin p, my b cng cc kh c in nh my ct in, dao ch ly,
khng in c ni vi nhau bng thanh dn , thanh gp v cp in lc.
ni t u cc my pht n gian my ta dng thanh dn cng.
Thanh dn cng khi dng in nh thng dng thanh hnh ch nht cn khi
c dng in ln th dng thanh n ghp t 2 hay 3 thanh hnh ch nht n,
cn khi c dng > 3000Ath dng thanh dn hnh mng ( gim hiu ng
mt ngoi v hiu ng gn, ng thi tng kh nng lm mt chng.
mi cp in p ta tin hnh chn cho mt mch bao gm: my ct,
dao cch ly, thanh dy dn mm, thanh gp mm in p t 110 kV tr ln
v thanh dn cng in p 10 kV, my bin dng, my bin in p v
chng st van trn thanh gp, trung tnh my bin p.

I. Chn my ct in v dao cch ly :
1. Chn my ct in :
My ct in c chn theo cc iu kin sau:
- Loi my ct in: Chn loi my ct bng khng kh v bng kh SF
6

- in p nh mc: U
mMC
U
m
N MN HC THIT K NH MY NHIT IN


51
- Dng in nh mc: I
mMC
I
cb

- iu kin n nh nhit: I
nh
2
.t
nh
B
N
(Khng cn kim tra n nh
nhit vi my ct in c dng in nh mc ln hn 1000A)
- iu kin n nh ng: i
l
i
xk

- iu kin ct: I
ct MC
I

T cc iu kin trn ta chn my ct in nh sau:
( Ph lc V. Bng II.Tr.233.[1]).
im
NM
M
ch
in
Thng s tnh ton
Loi
my ct
in
Thng s nh mc
U
m
,
kV
I
cb
, kA
I

(
kA )
i
xk
,
k
A
U
mMC

kV
I
mMC

A
I
ct
,
kA
i
l
,
kA
1
C
ao
2
20
0
,398
6
,333
1
6,121
BBb-
220-
-
31,5/2000
2
20
2
000
3
1,5
8
0
2
T
rung
10
0
,413
8
,138
2
0,716
BBY-
110-
-
40/2000
1
10
2
000
4
0
1
02
6
H

0
4
,335
5
2,66
1
33,65
1
0
5
600
6
3
1
70
N MN HC THIT K NH MY NHIT IN


52

2. Chn dao cch ly:
Dao cch ly c chn theo cc iu kin sau:
- Loi dao cch ly
- in p nh mc: U
mCL
U
m
- Dng in nh mc: I
mCL
I
cb

- iu kin n nh nhit: I
nh
2
.t
nh
B
N
(Khng cn kim tra n nh
nhit vi dao cch ly c dng in nh mc ln hn 1000A)
- iu kin n nh ng: i
l
i
xk

N MN HC THIT K NH MY NHIT IN


53
T cc iu kin trn ta chn dao cch ly nh sau:
( Bng II.Ph lc VI.Tr.246.[1]).

im
NM
M
ch
in
Thng s tnh ton
Lo
i dao
cch ly
Thng s nh
mc
U
m
,
kV
I
cb
,
kA
I


kA
i
x
k
,

kA
U
mCL

kV
I
m
A
l
,
kA
I
nh
/t
nh

kA/s
N
1
C
ao
2
20
0
,398
6
,333
1
6,121
PH
-
220/1000
2
20
1
000 0
1
5/10
N
2
T
rung
1
10
0
,413
8
,138
2
0,716
PH
-
110/1000
1
10
1
000 0
1
5/10
N
6
H

1
0
4
,335
5
2,66
1
33,65
PB
10/3000
1
0
3
000 40
5
0/10
II. Chn thanh dn cng:
1. Chn thit b theo dng cho php lu di:
Dng cho php lu di ca thanh dn I
cp
phi ln hn dng cng
bc qua n
I
cb
I
cp

I
cp
: L gi tr dng cho php lu di c hiu chnh theo nhit











c
h

b
y
y
h
y
r
y
x x
N MN HC THIT K NH MY NHIT IN


54

2. Kim tra n nh ng:
Thanh dn cng y dng ni t cc my pht n my bin p.
Trong chng III ta tnh c dng cng bc
I
cb
= 1,05. KA 33 , 4
5 , 10 . 3
75
=
Tra ti liu Thit k nh my in ( Bng 3 Tr.285.[1]. ta chn
thanh dn hnh mng bng ng c cc thng s:
h = 125 cm
b = 55 cm
c = 6,5 cm
r = 10 cm
Tit din 1 cc l: 1370 mm
2


M men tr khng:
W
xx
= 50 cm
3

W
yy
= 9,5 cm
3

W
yoyo
= 100 cm
3

Dng in cho php l: 5500 A

Hiu chnh dng in cho php theo nhit mi trng
MT
= 25
0
C,
nhit mi trng xung quanh ni t thanh dn l
xq
= 35
0
C, nhit cho
php vn hnh lu di ca thanh dn
cp
= 70
0
C

K
hc
=
MT cp
xq cp

= 88 , 0
25 70
35 70
=

Vy dng cho php hiu chnh theo nhit
I
hc cp
= k
hc
.I
cp
= 0,88.5500 = 4840A > I
cb
= 4330 KA tho mn iu
kin

b. Kim tra n nh nhit khi ngn mch:
N MN HC THIT K NH MY NHIT IN


55
Thanh dn chn co I
cp
= 5500 A > 1000 A nn khng cn kim tra
iu kin n nh nhit.

c. Kim tra n nh ng:
iu kin kim tra n nh ng:

2
/ 1400 cm Kg
cp tt
=

cp
: ng sut cho php ca thanh dn chn l thanh dn ng c
cp
= 1400Kg/cm
2

Xc nh ng sut do dng ngn mch gia cc pha
Lc tnh ton F
tt
tc dng ln thanh dn cc pha
F
tt
= 1,76 .10
-8
.
2
.
xk
i
a
L
( Kg )
i
xk
: Dng ngn mch xung kch
L : Khong cch gia 2 s lin nhau
A : Khong cch gia cc pha
cp in p U = 10,5 KV ly L = 180 cm, a= 45 cm
F
tt
= 1,76.10
-8
. ) ( 829 , 680 ) 10 . 3406 , 98 .(
45
180
2 3
Kg =
M men un M
M = ) . ( 922 , 12254
10
180 . 829 , 680
10
.
cm Kg
L F
tt
= =
ng sut tnh ton trong vt liu thanh dn

2
/ 5492 , 122
100
922 , 12254

cm Kg
W
M
yoyo
tt
= = =
Ta thy
2 2
/ 1400 / 5492 , 122 cm Kg cm Kg
cp tt
= < = (Tho mn n
nh ng)
Khong cch gia cc ming m (L
2
)
Lc in ng do ngn mch trong cng 1 pha gy ra trn 1 n v
di:
f
2
= 0,51.10
-8
. . .
2 "
I
h
l

h : B rng ca hnh mng
N MN HC THIT K NH MY NHIT IN


56
f
2
= 0,51.10
-8
.
125
1
(98,3406.10
3
)
2
= 0,3945 Kg/cm
Khong cch gia 2 ming m
L =
2
) .( . 12
f
W
tt cp yy

= cm 576 , 607
3945 , 0
) 5492 , 122 1400 .( 5 , 9 . 12
=

So snh L
max
= 607,576 cm vi khong cch L = 180 cm ta thy gia
2 s khng phi t thm ming m m thanh dn vn m bo n nh
ng khi c ngn mch.

III. Chn thanh dn mm:
1. Chn dy dn t my bin p t ngu ln thanh gp 220KV:
iu kin:
I
cp
I
lvcb

I
lvcb
= KA
U
S
HT
426 , 0
220 . 3
5 , 162
. 3
max
= =
Tra ti liu Thit k nh my in ( Bng 3 Tr.285.[1]. chn dy
nhm li thp AC0-500/27 c
I
cp
= 945 A
d = 29,4 mm ( ng knh dy dn )
Hiu chnh dng in theo nhit mi trng vi K
hc
= 0,88
I
hc CP
= 0,88.945 = 831,6 ( A )
I
hc CP
=831,6 A > I
cb
= 413 A

Kim tra iu kin vng quang
U
vq
U
m
= 220 KV
U
vq
: in p ti hn pht sinh vng quang
Dy dn t trn mt phng nm ngang ta c
U
vq
= 0,96 .84.m.r.log
r
a
(KV)
m : H s xt ti b mt nhn ca dy dn m= 0,85
r : Bn knh ngoi ca dy dn r = 29,4/2=14,7 mm = 1,47cm
N MN HC THIT K NH MY NHIT IN


57
a : Khong cch gia cc trc dy dn a = 500 cm
U
vq
= 0,96 .84.0,85.1,47.log KV 088 , 255
47 , 1
500
=
U
vq
> U
m
= 220 KV iu kin vng quang tho mn
Kim tra iu kin n nh nhit
Xung lng nhit khi ngn mch c xc nh theo biu thc
B
N
=

t
t
dt i
0
2
. A
2
s
Mt cch gn ng ta ly i
t
l gi tr hiu dng tc thi ca dng ngn
mch
I
t
2
= I
ckt
2
+ i
kckt
2

. I
CKt
: Gi tr hiu dng tc thi dng ngn mch thnh phn chu k
.i
KCKt
: Gi tr tc thi dng ngn mch thnh phn khng chu k
I
t
2
=
2 2
KCKt CKt
i I +
B
N
=

t
t
dt I
0
2
. =

t
t CK
dt I
0
2
. +

t
t KCK
dt I
0
2
.
B
N
= B
NCK
+ B
NKCK

. B
NCK
: Xung lng nhit dng ngn mch chu k
. B
NKCK
: Xung lng nhit dng ngn mch khng chu k
Xc nh B
NCK
dng phng php gii tch th:
Tm gi tr hiu dng dng ngn mch thnh phn chu k T
CKt
ti
cc thi im khc nhau 0; 0,1; 0,2; 0,5; 1s l cc gi tr I
0
; I
0,1
; I
0,2
; I
0,5
; I
1
.
n thi im t.
Biu din trn th ta c din tch gii hn ca ng cong ny vi
cc trc to chnh l B
NCK
. Mt cch gn ng din tch ny c th xc
nh theo ng bc thang ho
I
tbi
2
= t
I I
i i

.
2
2 2
1

B
NCK
=

=

n
i
TBi
t I
1
2
.
t : Khong chia thi gian t khi ngn mch ,cho n khi ct xong
ngn mch.
phn tnh ton ngn mch ti im N1 ta c :
N MN HC THIT K NH MY NHIT IN


58






Nhnh h thng X
1
= 0,055
X
tt
= X
1
.
cb
HT
S
S

= 0,055. 98 , 1
100
3600
=
Tra ng cong tnh ton ta c
I
0
= 0,49 ; I
0,1
=0,44 ; I
0,2
= 0,41 ; I
0,5
= 0,39 ; I
1
= 0,38
Chuyn sang n v c tn:

I
0
= 0,49. 64 , 17
100
3600
= kA. I
0,1
= 0,44. 84 , 15
100
3600
= kA.
I
0,2
= 0,41. 46 , 17
100
3600
= kA. I
0,5
=0,39. 04 , 14
100
3600
= kA.
I
1
= 0,38. 68 , 13
100
3600
= kA.
Nhnh my pht in
X
tt
= X
18
.
cb
dmMF
S
S

4
1
= 0,116. 348 , 0
100
300
=
Tra ng cong tnh ton ta c
I
0
= 2,83 ; I
0,1
= 2,41 ; I
0,2
= 2,25 ; I
0,5
= 2,1 ;

I
1
= 1,95
Chuyn sang n v c tn
I
0

= 2,83. KA 131 , 2
230 3
300
=
I
0,1

= 2,41 KA 815 , 1
230 3
300
=
I
0,2

= 2,25. KA 694 , 1
230 3
300
=
E E
X X
0,
0,1
N MN HC THIT K NH MY NHIT IN


59
I
0,5

= 2,1. KA 581 , 1
230 3
300
=
I
1

= 1,95. KA 468 , 1
230 3
300
=
Vy dng ngn mch ti im N
1
do h thng v nh my cung cp
I
0

N1
= 17,64 + 2,131 = 19,77 KA
I
0,1

N1
= 15,84 + 1,815 = 17,66 KA
I
0,2

N1
= 17,46 + 1,694 = 19,15 KA
I
0,5

N1
= 14,04 + 1,581 = 15,62 KA
I
1

N1
= 13,68 + 1,468 = 15,15 KA
Bnh phng cc tr s dng in c tn
I
0
2
N1
= 390,853 ( KA)
2
I
0,1
2
N1
= 311,876 ( KA)
2
I
0,2

N1
= 366,723 ( KA)
2

I
0,5

N1
= 243,984 ( KA)
2

I
1

N1
= 229,462 ( KA)
2

Tm cc tr s trung bnh bnh phng
I
tb1
2
= =
+
2
2
1 , 0
2
0
I I
351,365 ( KA)
2

I
tb2
2
= =
+
2
2
2 , 0
2
1 , 0
I I
339,300 ( KA)
2

I
tb3
2
= =
+
2
2
5 , 0
2
2 , 0
I I
305,354 ( KA)
2

I
tb4
2
= =
+
2
2
1
2
5 , 0
I I
236,723 ( KA)
2
Vy ta c xung lng nhit thnh phn chu k:
B
NCK
=

4
1
2
.
i tbi
t I
= 351,365.0,1 + 339,300.0,1 + 305,354.0,3 + 236,723.0,5
= 279,034 ( KA)
2
s = 279,034.10
6
A
2
s
Xung lng nhit ca dng in ngn mch thnh phn khng chu k
B
NKCK
= I
2
.T
a

N MN HC THIT K NH MY NHIT IN


60
T
a
: Hng s thi gian tng ng ca li. i vi li c U
1000V c th ly T
a
= 0,05s
B
NKCK
= 0,05.(19,77.10
3
)
2
= 19,54.10
6
A
2
s
Vy ta c xung lng nhit ton phn
B
N
= B
NCK
+ B
NKCK

= 279,034.10
6
+ 19,54.10
6
= 298,574.10
6
A
2
s
m bo n nh nhit th dy dn chn phi c tit din nh nht
l:
S
min
=
C
B
N
vi dy nhm li thp th C = 88 As
1/2
/mm
2
ta c:
S
min
=
2
6
355 , 196
88
10 . 574 , 298
mm =
M ta chn dy AC0-500/27 tho mn iu kin:
S
chn
> S
min
= 196,355 mm
2

2. Chn thanh dn cho cp 110KV:
a. iu kin pht nng lu di:
Dng in cng bc cp in p ny: I
cb
= 0,413 KA.
Dy dn ta chn phi tho mn iu kin:
I
cp
hc
> I
cb
I
cp
.K
hc
I
cb
I
cp

hc
cb
K
I
= KA 4693 , 0
88 , 0
413 , 0
=
Tra sch Thit k nh my in ( Bng 12 Tr.292.[1]. chn dy
AC-240/32 c I
cp
= 610A c ng knh dy dn l 21,6 mm
Hiu chnh dng in theo nhit mi trng vi K
hc
= 0,88
I
cp
hc
= 0,88.610 = 536,8 A
I
cp
hc
= 0,5368 KA > I
cb
= 0,4693 KA
iu kin pht nng lu di tho mn

b. iu kin vng quang:
U
vq
U
m

U
vq
: in p ti hn pht sinh vng quang. Nu dy dn 3 pha b
tr trn mt phng nm ngang th ta tnh theo cng thc
N MN HC THIT K NH MY NHIT IN


61
U
vq
= 0,96.84.m.r.log
r
a
KV
Ta c: m = 0,85; r = 21,6/2= 10,08 mm = 1,08cm; a= 500 cm
U
vq
= 0,96.84.0,85.1,08.log KV 32 , 197
08 , 1
500
=
Nh vy U
vq
= 197,32 KV > U
m
= 110 KViu kin vng quang
tho mn

c. iu kin n nh nhit:
Hon ton tng t nh cp in p 220 KV ta s tnh dng ngn
mch ti N
2
cc thi im t = 0; 0,1; 0,2; 0,5; 1
I
tbi
2
= t
I I
i i

.
2
2 2
1

B
NCK
=

=

n
i
TBi
t I
1
2
.
t : Khong chia thi gian t khi ngn mch cho n khi ct xong
ngn mch.
phn tnh ton ngn mch ti im N
1
ta c :






Nhnh h thng X
1
= 0,055
X
tt
= X
16
.
cb
HT
S
S

= 0,055. 98 , 1
100
3600
=
Tra ng cong tnh ton ta c
I
0
= 0,49 ; I
0,1
= 0,47 ; I
0,2
= 0,46 ; I
0,5
= 0,43 ; I
1
= 0,39
Chuyn sang n v c tn:
I
0
= 0,49. KA 428 , 4
230 . 3
3600
=
E E
X X
0,
0,11
N MN HC THIT K NH MY NHIT IN


62
I
0,1
= 0,47. KA 4,247
230 . 3
3600
=
I
0,2
= 0,46. KA 4,157
230 . 3
3600
=
I
0,5
= 0,43. KA 3,886
230 . 3
3600
=
I
1
= 0,39. KA 3,524
230 . 3
3600
=

Nhnh my pht in:
X
tt
= X
18
.
cb
dmMF
S
S

4
1
= 0,116. 0,348
100
300
=
Tra ng cong tnh ton ta c:
I
0
= 2,53 ; I
0,1
= 2,4 ; I
0,2
= 2,1 ; I
0,5
= 1,81 ;

I
1
= 1,75 ;
Chuyn sang n v c tn
I
0

= 2,53. KA 3,811
115 . 3
300
=
I
0,1

= 2,4. KA 3,615
115 . 3
300
=
I
0,2

= 2,1. KA 3,163
115 . 3
300
=
I
0,5

= 1,81. KA 2,726
115 . 3
300
=
I
1

= 1,75. KA 2,636
115 . 3
300
=
Vy dng ngn mch ti im N
2
do h thng v nh my cung cp
I
0

N1
= 4,428 + 3,811 = 8,239 KA
I
0,1

N1
= 4,247 + 3,615 = 7,862 KA
I
0,2

N1
= 4,157 + 3,163 = 7,32 KA
I
0,5

N1
= 3,886 + 2,726 = 6,612 KA
I
1

N1
= 3,524 + 2,636 = 6,16 KA
Bnh phng cc tr s dng in c tn
I
0
2
N1
= 67,88 KA
2
N MN HC THIT K NH MY NHIT IN


63
I
0,1
2
N1
= 67,88 KA
2
I
0,2

N1
= 53,58 KA
2

I
0,5

N1
= 43,72 KA
2

I
1

N1
= 37,95 KA
2

Tm cc tr s trung bnh bnh phng
I
tb1
2
= =
+
2
2
1 , 0
2
0
I I
67,88 KA
2

I
tb2
2
= =
+
2
2
2 , 0
2
1 , 0
I I
60,73 KA
2

I
tb3
2
= =
+
2
2
5 , 0
2
2 , 0
I I
48,65 KA
2

I
tb4
2
= =
+
2
2
1
2
5 , 0
I I
40,835 KA
2

Vy ta c xung lng nhit thnh phn chu k:
B
NCK
=

4
1
2
.
i tbi
t I
= 67,88.0,1 + 60,73.0,1 + 48,65.0,3 + 40,835.0,5 = 47,87.10
6
A
2
s
Xung lng nhit ca dng in ngn mch thnh phn khng chu k
B
NKCK
= I
2
.T
a

T
a
: Hng s thi gian tng ng ca li. i vi li c
U 1000V c th ly T
a
= 0,05s
B
NKCK
= 0,05.( 8,239 . 10
3
)
2
= 3,394.10
6
A
2
s
Vy ta c xung lng nhit ton phn
B
N
= B
NCK
+ B
NKCK

= 47,87.10
6
+ 3,394.10
6
= 51,27.10
6
A
2
s
m bo n nh nhit th dy dn chn phi c tit din nh nht
l:
S
min
=
C
B
N
vi dy nhm li thp th C = 88 As
1/2
/mm
2
;ta c:
S
min
=
2
6
36 , 81
88
10 . 51,27
mm =
M ta chn dy AC-240/32 tho mn iu kin:
S
chn
= 366 mm
2
> S
min
= 81,36 mm
2.

N MN HC THIT K NH MY NHIT IN


64

IV. Chn s cho thanh dn:
Loi s trong nh
U
m S
U
m mang
= 10KV
Tra bng chn loi s 0-10-2000Y3 c:
U
m
= 10KV
F
ph
= 2000 Kg
H = 134 mm = 13,4 cm
Kim tra n nh ng
iu kin: F

tt
< 0,6 F
ph
F

tt
c xc nh F

tt
= F
tt
.
H
H'

F
tt
= 680,829 Kg tnh trn
h = 10 cm ( Chiu cao thanh dn )
Vy H

= H +
2
h
= 13,4+ cm 65 , 19
2
10
=
F

tt
= KG 379 , 998
4 , 13
65 , 19 . 829 , 680
=
Vy F

tt
= 998,379 Kg < 0,6.F
ph
= 1200 Kg

S chn m bo yu cu.

V. Chn chng st van :
Chng st van c dng gim qu in p ti mc in p d ca
n m cch in ca thit b in c th chu ng c. Ta chn chng st
van cho cc thanh gp v cc mch pha 110 kV, 220 kV cng nh trung tnh
my bin p.
Chn cc loi chng st van sau :
FP-220
FP-110

VI. Chn cp cho ph ti 10,5 KV:
Ph ti cp in p 10,5 KV gm :
h=12,5 mm
H'=19,65 mm
I.1.1. F
tt
F'
tt
Thanh dn
S
N MN HC THIT K NH MY NHIT IN


65
2 ng dy cp kp: P = 3,8 MW ; Cos = 0,80; l = 4 Km
S =
Cos
P
= MVA 75 , 4
8 , 0
8 , 3
=
4 ng dy cp n:P = 1,25 MVA Cos = 0,8; l = 3 Km
S =
Cos
P
= MVA 56 , 1
8 , 0
25 , 1
=
Tit din cp c chn theo tiu chun mt dng in kinh t J
kt

S
cp
=
kt
lvbt
J
I

I
lvbt
: Dng in lm vic bnh thng

Chn tit din cp n:
Cc ng cp n c S = 1,56 MVA nn dng in lm vic bnh
thng l: I
lvbt
= KA 086 , 0
5 , 10 . 3
56 , 1
=
T th ph ti a phng ta tnh thi gian s dng cng sut cc
i:
T
max
=
h
T
T P
i i
5908
18
6 . 24 , 10 4 . 75 , 15 4 . 39 ,. 13 4 . 18 , 14 6 . 45 , 9
. 365 365 .
.
max
24
0
=
+ + + +
=

Tra bng c T
max
= 5908 h ta chn cp cch in bng giy c J
kt
=
2A/mm
2

Tit din cp trong trng hp ny
S
cp
=
2
86
= 43 mm
2

Tra bng chn loi cp ba li bng ng v nhm cch in bng giy
tm du nha thng v cht do khng chy, v bng ch:
S = 50 mm
2
;U
m
= 10 KV ; I
cp
= 180 A. ( Bng 7. Tr.288.[1]).
Kim tra cp theo iu kin pht nng lu di
K
1
.K
2
.I
cp
I
lvbt t

K
1
: H s hiu chnh theo nhit
K
1
=
0
'
0

cp
cp

N MN HC THIT K NH MY NHIT IN


66

cp
: Nhit pht nng cho php cp
cp
= 60
0
C

'
0
: Nhit thc t ni t cp
'
0
= 25
0
C

0
: Nhit tnh ton tiu chun
0
= 15
0
C

K
1
= 88 , 0
15 60
25 60
=

K
2
: H s hiu chnh theo s cp t song song vi cp n c
k
2
=1
0,88.1.180 = 158 A > I
lvbt
= 86 A
Vy cp chn tho mn iu kin pht nng lu di cho php

Chn tit din cp kp: Cp kp c S = 4,75 MVA
Dng in lm vic bnh thng qua mi cp
I
lvbt
= A
U
S
dm
130
5 , 10 . 3 . 2
75 , 4
. 3 . 2
= =
C J
kt
= 2A/ mm
2

Tit din cp c chn
S
cp
=
kt
lvbt
J
I
=
2
65
2
130
mm =
Tra bng chn loi cp ba pha li ng cch in bng giy tm
du nha thng v cht do khng chy v bng ch t trong t
U
m
= 10 KV ; S = 95 mm
2
;I
cp
= 265 A. ( Bng 7. Tr.288.[1]).
Tng t nh trn ta kim tra cp theo iu kin pht nng lu di
K
1
.K
2
.I
cp
I
lvbt

K
1
= 0,88
K
2
= 0,9 ( Vi 2 cp t song song )
0,88.0,9.265 = 209 A > I
lvbt
=130 A
Vy iu kin pht nng lu di tho mn
Kim tra cp theo iu kin pht nng khi cng bc :
I
cb
=
dm
U
S
. 3
= 360 A
N MN HC THIT K NH MY NHIT IN


67
Theo quy trnh thit b in, cc cp c cch in bng giy tm du
in p khng qu 10 KV trong iu kin lm vic bnh thng dng in qua
chng khng vt qu 80% dng cho php hiu chnh th khi s c cho
php qu ti 30% trong thi gian khng qu 5 ngy m .
Vy ta c: 8 , 0 5 , 0
265
130
'
< = =
cp
bt
I
I
K
qt
= 1,3
Do : 1,3.265 = 344 A > I
cb
= 300 Aiu kin pht nng khi s c
tho mn
Kt lun : Cp chn m bo yu cu k thut








VII. Chn khng in:














2 n
3,125
2 Kp
9,5
2 n
3,125
N MN HC THIT K NH MY NHIT IN


68





Xc nh dng cng bc qua khng:
Dng cng bc qua khng c gi thit khi s c 1 khng in. Lc
ny dng cng sut qua khng cn li l:
S
qua K
=

S
kep
+

S
2
1
n
= 9,5 + 3,125 = 12,625 MVA
Ta c dng cng sut qua 1 khng khi lm vic bnh thng:
S
qua Kbt
= ( ) MVA S S
kep don
875 , 7
2
5 , 9 25 , 6
2
1
=
+
= +








Cng sut qua
khng
(MVA)
I.2. Khng 1
Khng 2
Bnh thng 7,875 7,875
S c khng 1 0 12,625
S c khng 2 12,625 0

Dng cng bc qua khng l:
I
cbK
=
dm
K
U
S
. 3
max
= KA 694 , 0
5 , 10 . 3
625 , 12
=
Tra bng ta chn khng kp PbAC-10-2x600 c dng in I
mK
=
600A

N MN HC THIT K NH MY NHIT IN


69
Xc nh X
K
% ca khng:





Trong chng 4 tnh ngn mch ta tnh c dng ngn mch ti
im N
6

I
N6
= 133,65 KA
Vy in khng ca h thng tnh n im ngn mch N
6
l:
X
HT
=
"
6 N
cb
I
I
= 041 , 0
65 , 133 . 5 , 10 . 3
100
=

in khng ca cp 1 l: ( Bng 25 Tr.303.[1]. ).
X
C1
= X
0
.l.
2
tb
cb
U
S
=
2
5 , 10
100
. 3 . 083 , 0 = 0,225
Dng n nh nhit ca cp 1 l
I
nhS1
=
1
1 1
.
t
C S

S
1
: Tit din cp 50 mm
2

C
1
: H s cp ng C = 143 As
1/2
/s
t
1
: Thi gian ct ca my ct 1
t
ct MC1
= t
ct MC2
+ t = 0,6 + 0,3 = 0,9 sec
I
nhS1
= A 76 , 7536
9 , 0
143 . 50
=
Dng n nh nhit cp 2
I
nhS2
=
2
2 2
.
t
C S
= A 85 , 12922
6 , 0
143 . 70
=
Ta phi chn c khng c X
K
% sao cho hn ch c dng ngn
mch nh hn hay bng dng ct nh mc ca my ct chn, ng thi
m bo n nh nhit cho cp c tit din chn:
I
N7

( I
Cm1
, I
nhs1
)
I
N8

( I
Cm2
, I
nhS2
)
E
X X XX X
N
N MN HC THIT K NH MY NHIT IN


70
Chn my ct u ng dy MC1: Cc my ct u ng dy c
chn cng loi. Dng cng bc qua my ct c tnh ton cho ng dy
kp khi 1 ng dy b s c
I
cb
= 300 A
Tra bng chn my ct 8DA10 c:
U
m
= 12KV ; I
m
= 3150 A ; I
ct m
= 40 KA
Mc ch ca vic chn khng in ng dy l hn ch dng
ngn mch ti h tiu th ti mc c th t c my ct 8DA10 v cp ca
li in phn phi c tit din nh nht l 70 mm
2
theo yu cu ca u bi.
I
N7

( 40KA; 7,54 KA )
I
N8

( 20KA; 12,92 KA )
Vy ta chn khng c X
K
% sao cho ngn mch ti N
8
th c dng ngn
mch I
N8
12,92 KA

. Khi ngn mch ti N
8
th in khng tnh n im ngn mch l:

X = 425 , 0
92 , 12
4985 , 5
"
8
= =
N
cb
I
I

M ta c

X = X
HT
+ X
K
+ X
C1
X
K
=

X - X
HT
- X
C1

= 0,425 - 0,018 - 0,225 =
0,182
Nn : X
K
% = X
K
. % 9 , 3 100 .
2800
600
. 182 , 0 100 . = =
cb
dmK
I
I

Vy ta chn khng kp dy nhm PbAC-10-2x600-4
X
K
% = 4%
I
m
= 600A

Kim tra khng va chn:
in khng tng i ca khng in va chn
X
K
= X
K
%. 87 , 1
6 , 0
8 , 2
. 4 , 0 = =
dm
cb
I
I

Dng ngn mch ti N7
I

N7
= KA
X X
I
K HT
cb
48 , 1
87 , 1 018 , 0
8 , 2
=
+
=
+
Tho mn iu kin:
N MN HC THIT K NH MY NHIT IN


71
I

N7
=1,48 kA < I
ct m1
= 40 kA
I

N7
=1,48 kA < I
nhS1
= 7,53 kA
Dng ngn mch ti N
8

I

N8
= KA
X X X
I
C K HT
cb
32 , 1
225 , 0 87 , 1 018 , 0
8 , 2
1
=
+ +
=
+ +

Tho mn iu kin:
I

N8
=1,32 KA < I
Ct m2
= 20K kA
I

N8
=1,32 KA

< I
nhS2
= 12,9 kA

Kt lun: Vy khng chn m bo yu cu

VIII. Chn my bin p, my bin dng in o lng:
a. Chn my bin in p BU:
Chn BU cho cp in p 10,5 KV
S ni dy v kiu ni BU phi chn ph hp vi nhim v ca
n. cp cho cng t ta dng hai BU mt pha ni hnh V/V . kim tra
cch in trn thanh gp 10,5 KV ta dng loi my bin in p 3 pha 5 tr

0
/
0
/
iu kin U
m BU
= U
mng

Cp chnh xc: chn ph hp vi nhim v ca BU
Cng sut nh mc tng ph ti ni vo bin in p S
2
b hn
hay bng cng sut nh mc ca bin in p vi cp chnh xc chn.
S
2
S
m BU

+ Chn dy dn ni gia BU v cc dng c o:
Tit din dy dn c chn sao cho tn tht in p khng qu
0,5% U
m
th cp khi c cng t v 3% khi khng c cng t.
Theo iu kin bn c tit din ti thiu l 1,5 mm
2
i vi dy
ng v 2,5 mm
2
vi dy nhm.
Cn c vo cc iu kin trn v s b tr thit b o lng ta
chn BU cho cp in p 10,5 KV nh sau.
N MN HC THIT K NH MY NHIT IN


72
Dng c o pha th cp l cng t nn dng hai bin in p mt
pha ni hnh V/V.
U
m
=10,5 KV

Cp chnh xc 0,5
Ph ti ca BU cn phi phn b u cho c hai bin in p theo bng
sau:
Tn ng h
K
hiu
Ph ti BU
pha AB
Ph ti BU
pha BC
W
(P)
VA
R (Q)
W
(P)
VAR
(Q)
Vn k B_2 7,2
Ot k 341 1,8 1
,8

Ot k phn
khng
342
/1
1,8 1
,8

Ot k t ghi -33 8,3 8
,3

Tn s k -
340
6
,5

Cng t -
670
0,6
6
1,62 0
,66
1,62
Cng t phn
khng
WT
- 672
0,6
6
1,62 0
,66
1,62
Cng 20,
4
3,24 1
9,72
3,24
Bin in p AB
S
2
=
2 2
24 , 3 4 , 20 + = 20,7 (VA)
Cos =
7 , 20
4 , 20
= 0,98
N MN HC THIT K NH MY NHIT IN


73
Bin in p BC
S
2
=
2 2
24 , 3 72 , 19 + = 19,9 (VA)
Cos =
9 , 19
72 , 19
= 0,99
Vy chn BU c cc thng s sau:

Kiu in p nh mc (V) Cng sut
nh mc
Cun
s cp
Cun
th cp
Cun th
cp ph
C
p 0,5
C
p1
HO
M-10
10000 100 75 1
50

+ Chn dy dn ni t BU n cc ng h o:
Xc nh dng in trong cc dy dn
I
a
=
100
7 , 20
=
ab
ab
U
S
= 0,207 A
I
c
=
100
9 , 19
=
bc
bc
U
S
= 0,199 A
n gin ta coi I
a
= I
c
= 0,2 A; Cos
ab
= Cos
bc
= 1
Nh vy dng I
b
= 3 I
a
= 3 x 0,2 = 0,34 A
in p gim trong dy a v b bng
U = (I
a
+ I
b
)r = (I
a
+I
b
)
S
L

Gi s khong cch L t BU n cc dng c o l 40 m b qua gc
lch pha gia I
a
v I
b
v trong mch c cng t nn

U = 0,5%
Tit din dy dn cn phi chn l:
S
5 , 0
40 0175 , 0 ) 2 , 0 34 , 0 ( +
=

+
L
U
I I
b a
= 0,756 mm
2
N MN HC THIT K NH MY NHIT IN


74
m bo yu cu bn c hc ta chn dy ng c tit din
S = 1,5 mm
2
Chn

BU cho cp in p 110 v 220 KV
Ph ti pha th cp ca BU pha 110 v 220 KV thng l cc cun
dy in p ca cc dy ng h vn mt c tng tr tng i ln nn cng
sut thng nh, khng cn tnh ton ph ti dy dn thng chn sao cho
m bo bn c hc.
Nhim v chnh l kim tra cch in v o lng in p nn
thng chn 3 BU mt pha u
0
/
0
/




Cn c vo cc nhn xt trn ta chn BU:
Loi
BU
C
p in
p KV
in p mc (KV) Cng
sut theo
CCS
Cng
sut max
VA
Cu
n s
Cu
n th
Cu
n ph
0
,5
1
HK_1
10_58
1
10
66/
3
0,1
/ 3
0,1
/3
4
00
6
00
2000
HK_2
20_58
2
20
15
0/ 3
0,1
/ 3
0,1 4
00
6
00
2000

b. Chn my bin dng in BI:
My bin dng in c chn theo cc iu kin sau:
S ni dy v kiu my: S ni dy tu thuc vo nhim v
ca bin dng. Kiu bin dng ph thuc vo v tr t BI.
in p nh mc U
mBI
U
mng

Dng in nh mc I
mBI
I
cb

N MN HC THIT K NH MY NHIT IN


75
Cp chnh xc chn ph hp vi yu cu ca dng c o
Ph ti th cp tng ng vi mi cp chnh xc bin dng c mt
ph ti nh mc.
Z
2
= Z
dc
+ Z
dd
Z
mBI

Trong
Z
dc
: tng ph ti cc dng c o
Z
dd
: tng tr ca dy dn ni t BI n cc dng c o
+ Chn bin dng cho cp in p my pht (10,5 KV)
T s ni dy cc dng c o lng vo BI nh hnh v ta xc nh
c ph ti th cp ca BI cc pha.

Tn dng c Kiu Ph ti (VA)
A B C
Am Pe mt 302 1 1 1
Ot k tc dng 341 5 0 5
Ot k tc dng
t ghi
33 10 0 10
Ot k phn
khng
342/1 5 0 5
Cng t tc dng
Cng t phn
khng
670 2,5
2,5
5
0
2,5
2,5
Cng 26 6 26
Ph ti cc pha l:
Pha A: S
A
= 26 (VA)
Pha B: S
B
= 6 (VA)
Pha C: S
C
= 26 (VA)
Nh vy ph ti ln nht l pha A v C
N MN HC THIT K NH MY NHIT IN


76
in p nh mc ca BI U
mBI
U
F
= 10,5 KV
Dng nh mc ca BI I
mBI
I
cb
= 4,33 KA
Cp chnh xc 0,5 (v trong mch c cng t)
Cn c vo cc tnh ton trn ta chn BI nh sau loi T-20-1 c cc
thng s
U
m
= 20 KV ; Z
2m
= 1,2
I
m s
= 4000 A ; Cp chnh xc 0,5
I
m th
= 5 A

Chn dy d t BI n cc ph ti:
Ly khong cch t BI n cc ph ti l L = 40 m . V cc BI ni
dy theo s sao cho hon ton chiu di tnh ton l L
tt
= L = 40 m
Tng tr cc dng c o mc vo pha A hoc pha C l
Z
dc
=
2 2
2
max
5
26
=
dmthucap
I
S
= 1,044
m bo chnh xc yu cu tng ph ti pha th cp Z
2
(tnh
c dy dn) khng c vt qu ph ti nh mc ca bin dng ngha l:
Z
2
= Z
dc
+ Z
dd
Z
mBI

Z
dd
= Z
mBI
Z
dc
r
dd
=
S
L

S
044 , 1 2 , 1
0175 , 0 40

dc dmBI
Z Z
L
= 4,48 mm
2
Chn dy dn ng c tit din 5 mm
2
lm dy dn t BI n c dng
c o.
My bin dng chn khng cn kim tra n nh nhit v c dng
nh mc s cp ln hn 1000A
BI chn cng khng cn kim tra n nh ng, v n quyt nh bi
iu kin n nh ng ca thanh dn mch my pht (s cp BI l thanh dn
cng)
Chn BI cho cp 110 v 220 KV:
Theo iu kin
N MN HC THIT K NH MY NHIT IN


77
U
m
U
mng

I
m
I
cb

Vi in p 110 KV I
cb
= 413A
Vi in p 220 KV I
cb
= 427 A



Vy chn loi BI c thng s sau:
T
hng s
U
m
Loi
BI
U
m
K
V
B
i s n
nh
ng
Bi
s n
nh
nhit
I
m

(A)
C
p
C
X
P
h
ti

i
A
nh
/t
nh
S

T
h
1
10
2
20
T
H_110M
10
1
50
43,
3/3
6
00
5
0
,5 ,2
T
H_
220+3
T
2
20
7
5
60/
1
6
00
5
0
,5 ,2 4
0,4
(a)
(b) S ni cc dng c o vo BU v BI












V
W W
U
mMF
=10
2xHOM-
TWA
N MN HC THIT K NH MY NHIT IN


78





CHNG 5
CHN S V THIT B T DNG

in t dng ca nh my nhit in chim 1 lng khng phi l ln
so vi cng sut pht ca nh my nhng n gi vai tr rt quan trng quyt
nh trc tip n qu trnh lm vic ca nh my.
Thnh phn my cng tc ca h thng t dng nh my in ph thuc
vo nhiu yu t nh loi nhin liu cng sut ca t my v nh my ni
chung, loi tua binCc my cng tc v cc ng c in tng ng ca bt
k nh my nhit in no cng c th chia thnh hai phn.
Nhng my cng tc m bo s lm vic ca l v tuc bin ca c
t my.
Nhng my phc v chung khng lin quan trc tip n l hi v
tuc bin nhng li cn cho s lm vic ca nh my.
Trong nh my nhit in phn ln ph ti ca h thng t dng l cc
ng c in c cng sut ln 200 KW tr ln. Cc ng c ny c th lm
vic kinh t vi cp in p 6 KV. Cc ng c cng sut nh v thit b tiu
th in nng khc c th ni vo in p 380/220 V.
Do s phn b ph ti nh vy gia li in p 6 KV v li in p
380/220 V th s cung cp in hp l l my bin p ni tip ngha l tt
c cng sut c bin i t cp in p ca my pht in 10,5 KV n
in p li chnh ca h thng 6 KV.
m bo tin cy cung cp in mt cch hp l phn on h
thng t dng ph hp vi s nhit v in ca nh my.
Nh vy h thng t dng ca nh my cn cc my bin p cng tc
bc 1 bin i in p 10KV n 6KV, cc my bin p cng tc bc 2
bin i in p t 6KV xung in p 380V/220V. Ngoi ra cn c cc my
N MN HC THIT K NH MY NHIT IN


79
bin p d tr. Trong nh my in c 5,6 my bin p cng tc, d kin 2
my bin p cng tc d tr, cc my bin p cng tc v d tr phn b gia
cc phn on v thit b phn phi chnh.
Trong s ny dng 4 my bin p cp mt c in p 10/6 KV, mt
my bin p d tr c cng cng sut c ni vo mch h p ca my bin
p t ngu lin lc.
Cp t dng 380/220 (V) cng b tr 4 my bin p 6/0,4 KV v mt
my bin p d tr.
V.1. Chn my bin p t dng cp I:
Cc my bin p B
td1
, B
td2
, B
td3
, B
td4
l cc my bin p cp I chng c
nhim v nhn in t thanh gp 10,5 KV cung cp cho cc ph ti t dng
cp in p 6 KV. Cn li cung cp tip cho ph ti cp in p 0,4 KV. T
cng sut ca chng cn phi chn ph hp vi ph ti cc i ca cc
ng c cp in p 6 KV v tng cng sut ca cc my bin p cp II ni
tip vi n.
S
m
P
1
.k
1
/
1
cos
1
+S
2
k
2

H s k
1
/
1
cos
1
lc lm vic bnh thng chim khong 0,9.
H s ng thi k
2
cng bng 0,9 nn ta c .
S
m
(P
1
+ S
2
) 0,9
Trong
P
1
: tng cng sut tnh ton ca cc my cng c vi ng c 6
KV ni vo phn on xt (KW)
S
2
: tng cng sut tnh ton ca cc my bin p bc II ni vo
phn on xt (MVA).
0,9 :h s xt n s khng ng thi u ti ca cc cng tc c
ng c 6 KV v cc my bin p cp II.

Trong phm vi thit k , nn ta chn cng sut ca my bin p t dng
cp I theo cng sut t dng cc i ca ton nh my.
S
td max
= 24 MVA
Vy cng sut ca my bin p t dng cp I c chn l:
N MN HC THIT K NH MY NHIT IN


80
S
ssmB

4
24
4
max
=
ts
S
= 6 MVA = 6000 KVA


Tra bng, ta chn loi: ( Bng ph lc III.2.Tr140.[1]).
Loi S
m
K
VA
U

m

ca
o KV
U
m
h
KV

P
0

K
W

P
N

K
W
U
N
%
I
0
%
TMHC-
6300/10,5
6
300
10,
5
6
,3
8 4
6,5
8
,0
0
,9
V.2. Chn my bin p d phng cp I:
Cng sut ca my bin p d phng cp I c chn ph hp vi
chc nng ca n. Do nh my c thanh gp in p my pht nn my bin
p d tr ch lm chc nng thay th c cc my bin p khc khi sa cha
vy my bin p ny c chn cng loi vi my bin p cp I trn.
V.3. Chn my bin p t dng cp II:
Cc my bin p t dng cp II B
td5
, B
td6
, B
td7
, B
td8
, dng cung cp
cho cc ph ti cp in p 380/220 V v chiu sng. Cng sut ca cc loi
ph ti ny thng nh nn cng sut my bin p thng c chn l loi
c cng sut t 630-1000 KVA loi ln hn thng khng c chp nhn v
gi thnh ln dng ngn mch pha th cp ln.
Cng sut ca my bin p t dng cp II c chn nh sau:
S
mB
(15 20)% S
mB cap 1

S
mB

100
15
.6300 = 945 KVA
Tra bng chn loi my bin p ca ABB c thng s:
( Bng ph lc III.2.Tr140.[1]).
Lo
i
S
m

(KV
U
m
cao
U

m
h
(KV)
P
0

(K
P
N

(K
U
n
%
N MN HC THIT K NH MY NHIT IN


81
A) ( KV) W) W)
TM
C
100
0
6,3 - - - -
V.4. Chn my ct pha mch 6,3 KV:



+ Tnh ton dng ngn mch ti N
6
chn my ct mch t dng 10,5
KV
Theo kt qu tnh ngn mch chng trc ta c:
I
N6
= 52,66 KA
Tra bng ta chn my ct sau: ( Bng ph lc V.I.Tr 232.[1]).
Loi
my ct
U
m
KV
I
m

A
I
cm
KA
I
i

KA
M-10-
5000
10 5600 63 170

+ Tnh ton dng ngn mch ti N
7
chn my ct mch t dng 6,3
KV
. in khng h thng tnh n im ngn mch N
7
l:
X
HT
=
' '
6 N
cb
I
I
=
5 , 10 3
100

=
66 , 52 5 , 10 3
100

= 0,104
in khng ca my bin p cp 1
X
B1
=
3 , 6
100
100
5
100
%
=
dmB
cb n
S
S U
= 0,793
X

= X
HT
+ X
B1
= 0,104 + 0,793 = 0,897
Dng ngn mch siu qu thnh phn chu k ti N
7
l
I

N7
=

X
I
cb
=
897 , 0 3 , 6 3
100

= 10,22 KA
Cn c vo dng ngn mch ti N
7
ta chn loi my ct 8DA-10 c cc
thng s k thut: : ( Bng ph lc V.V.Tr 237.[1]).
E
X
N
X
N
N MN HC THIT K NH MY NHIT IN


82
6,
3
R X
N
0,
4

Loi
my ct
U
m

KV
I
m

A
I
cm
KA
I
i

KA
8DA-
10
7,2 3150 40 110

V.5. Chn Ap-to-mat cho ph ti t dng cp 0,4 KV:
. Ap-to-mat c chn theo iu kin
U
m
U
m mng
= 0,4 (KV)
I
m
I
lvmax
I
ct m
I
N

I
mAp-to-mat
=I
mBT dngcp 2
=
4 , 0 . 3
1000
= 1443,375 A
. chn dng ct nh mc ca ap-to-mat ta tnh ngn mch ti thanh
ci
0,4 KV
Lc ny c th coi MBA t dng cp II l ngun cung cp cho im
ngn mch.
Ta c s thay th:




Z
B
= R
B
+ jX
B
=
2
dm
2
dm N
S
U P
10
6
+ j.
dm
2
dm n
S
U % U
10
4

Z
B
=
3
2
6
2
2
10
1000
4 , 0 5
10
1000
4 , 0 13
+

J =2,08 + j 8
Z
B
=
2 2
8 08 , 2 + = 8,26 (m)
Dng ngn mch ti N
8
l:
I
N8
= KA
Z
U
B
TB
958 , 27
62 , 8 . 3
400
. 3
= =
N MN HC THIT K NH MY NHIT IN


83
Cn c vo iu kin chn Ap-to-mat v kt qu tnh ngn mch ta chn
Ap-to-mat ca hng MelinGerin ch to, loi M12 c cc thng s sau:
Loi U
m
(V) I
m
(A) S cc
I
ctN
(KA)
M12 690 1250 3-4 40

S CP IN T DNG
























1
1
6
3 kV
0
4 kV
2 3 4
2 3 4
T
MHC
6
A
BB
1
N MN HC THIT K NH MY NHIT IN


84





TI LIU THAM KHO


1. PGS. Nguyn Hu Khi - Thit k nh my in v trm bin p. NXB
Khoa hc v k thut, H Ni - 2004.
2. TS. Phm Vn Ho - Ngn mch v t dy trong h thng in. NXB
Khoa hc v k thut, H Ni - 2004.