www.lawcommission.gov.

np

b"/;~rf/ gLlt, @)^)

!= k[i7e"ld
g]kfndf ax'bnLo k|hftGqsf] k'g:yf{ kgf ePkl5 cjnDag ul/Psf gLltx ;xL
lbzflt/ cu|;/ ePsf] b]lvP tfklg cfly{s tyf ;fdflhs If]qdf xfl;n ePsf]
pknlAwn] ax';+Vos hgtfsf] cfsf+I ffnfO{ k"/ f ug{ ;s]sf] kfOFb}g . vf;u/L lat]sf]
bzsdf lzIff, :jf:Yo tyf ;fdflhsh:tf s]xL If]qdf pknlAw b]lvP tfklg dfgj
ljsf;sf] b[li6af6 g]kfn ljZjsf] lgDg:t/df /x]sf b] zxsf] ;d"xdf kb{ 5 . o;}
l:yltnfO{ dgg u/L g]kfn ;/sf/n] /fli6o ljsf;df u/LjL lgjf/0fnfO{ cfkm\gf] k|d'v
nIo agfPsf] 5 . ;f] nIo k| flKtsf nflu g]kfn ;/sf/n] km/flsnf] Pj+ lbuf] cfly{s
a[l4, ;fdflhs If]qsf] ljsf;, nlIft sfo{qmdx / ;'zf;gnfO{ ljsf; /0fgLltsf]
k|d'v cfwf/sf] kdf c+ufn]sf] 5 . o;} k[i7e"lddf b"/;~rf/ If]qn] /fi6sf] ;dli6ut
ljsf;df dxTjk"0f{ e"ldsf lgjf{x ug{'kb{5 eGg] g]kfn ;/sf/sf] wf/0ff /x]sf] 5 .

@= b"/;~rf/ gLltsf] cfjZostf

g]kfn ;/sf/n] b"/;~rf/ ;]jfnfO{ ljsf;sf] cfwf/e"t k"jf{wf/sf] kdf u|x0f u/]sf] 5 .
b"/;~rf/ If]qdf lghL If]qsf] ;xeflutfnfO{ k|j4{g ug{ b"/;~rf/ gLlt @)%^ n] s]xL
dfqfdf cg's"n jftfj/0f l;h{gf u/]sf] 5 . ;f] gLltdfkm{t ;g\ @))$ b]lv b"/;~rf/
If]qnfO{ v'nf u/L k"0f{ k|lt:kwf{ sfod ug]{ ;/sf/L k|lta4tf JoQm e};s]sf] 5 .
g]kfnsf] sl7g e"agf}6sf] kl/k|]Iodf cGo k" jf{wf/xsf] t' ngfdf b"/;~rf/ a9L
dxTjk"0 f{ b]lvG5 . b"/;~rf/ If]qdf b|'tultn] e}/ x]sf] k|ljlwsf] ljsf; tyf o;sf]
;+/rgfdf e}/x]s f] ultzLn kl/jt{gn] o; If]qdf gofF cj;/x b]vfkb}{ uPsf 5g\ .
ljZjJofkL kdf b"/;~rf/ ;]j fsf] dx;'ndf x'g uPsf] qmlds x|f;af6 klg g]kfnL
hgtf nfeflGjt x'g] ;+efjgf b]vfk/]sf] 5 . o;} kl/k|]Iodf b"/;~rf/ If]qdf xfl;n
ePsf pknlAwxsf] clwstd ;b' kof]u u/L eljiodf b"/;~rf/ If]qdf xfl;n ePsf
pknlAwxsf] clwstd ;b'kof]u u/L eljiodf b"/;~rf/ If]qdf b]vfkg]{ yk ;+ efjgf
/ cj;/xnfO{ g]kfnL hgtfsf] ;d' Gglt / lxtdf pkof]u ug{ ;fdlos Pj+ ultzLn
gLltsf] cfjZostf dx;'; eO{ b"/;~rf/ gLlt @)%^ nfO{ k|lt:yfkg ug{ b"/;~rf/
gLlt @)^) th'{df ul/Psf] 5 .

www.lawcommission.gov.np

www.lawcommission.gov.np

#= p2]Z o
b]zsf] ;fdflhs tyf cfly{s ljsf;df ;3fp k'ofpg lghL If]q;d]tsf] ;xeflutfdf
g]kfnel/ plrt d"Nodf e/kbf]{ b"/;~rf/ ;]j f ;j{;'ne u/fpg cg's"n jftfj/0fsf]
l;h{gf ug{' k|:t' t b"/;~rf/ gLltsf] d'Vo p2]Zo /x]s f] 5 . o; ;jf]{kl/ p2]Zo k| flKtdf
;xof]u k' ofpg b]xfosf p2]Zox lgwf{/0f ul/Psf 5g\ .
#=! g]kfnsf u| fdL0f tyf ;x/L If]qdf ;j{ ;fwf/0fsf] kx'Fr b"/;~rf/ ;]jfdf k'ofpg
a;f]af; ePsf If]qdf af] nfpFbf ;'lgg] b"/Ldf b"/;~rf/ ;]j f pknAw x'g] Joj:yf
ldnfOg]5 .
#=@= g]kfnsf ;x/L If]qdf dfucg';f/ b"/;~rf/ ;]jf pknAw u/fOg]5 . Jofkfl/s
If]qdf Jofj;flos

(corporate)

b"/;~rf/ ;]j f pknAw u/fOg] Joj:yf ldnfOg]5 .

#=#= ;x/L If]qdf pkef]QmfnfO{ ljleGg ;]jfk|b fosaf6 ;]jf rog ug{ kfpg] cj;/
k|bfg ul/g]5 . u|fdL0f If]qdf klg ;f] xLcg'k ;]j f rog ug{ kfpg] Joj:yf
qmdzM lj:tf/ ub}{ nlug]5 .
#=$= u|fdL0f If]qsf] ljsf; tyf ul/aL lgjf/0fsf] nflu pko'Qm ;"rgf tyf ;~rf/
k|ljlwsf] k| of] u ug{ kfpg] Joj:yf ldnfOg]5 .

$= /0fgLlt
$=!= b"/;~rf/ ;]jfdf ;a}sf] kx'Fr

(Universal Access) :

b"/;~rf/ ;]j fdf ;a}sf] kx'Fr ;'ud x'g] u/L ;]j f lj:tf/ ul/g]5 . pkef]QmfnfO{
;femf

(Shared)

6]lnkmf]gsf] dfWodaf6 b"/;~rf/ ;]jf pknAw u/fOg]5 . o;sf

nflu l:y/ df]afOn cflb 6]lnkmf]g lj:tf/df hf] 8 lbOg]5 . ;]j f lj:tf/df e"
pku|x k|0 ffnLsf] ;d]t k| of] u ug{ ;lsg]5 . ;"rgf tyf ;~rf/ k|ljlw;DaGwL
cGo ;]j f ;fd'bflos s]Gb|dfkm{t pknAw u/fOg]5 .
$=@= ;]j f k|bfg ug]{ bfloTj

(Universal Service Obligation) :

b"/;~rf/ ;]jf k|bfosn] ;x/L If]qsf h'g;'s} pkef]Qmfn]] dfu ugf{;fy ;]jf
k|bfg ug{'kg]{5 .
$=#=

Jofj;flos

(Corporate) ;]j fsf]

ljsf; M

;x/L If]qdf ;/sf/L lgsfo tyf lghL Jofkf/Lju{nfO{ Pp6feGbf a9L ;]jf
2

www.lawcommission.gov.np

www.lawcommission.gov.np

k|bfosaf6 nLH8 nfOg, 8ftf tyf ;f]xL lsl;dsf cGo Jofj;flos ;]jf
pknAw x'g] u/L Joj:yf ldnfOg]5 .
$=$= b"/;~rf/ If]qsf] pbf/Ls/0f M
;]jf k|b fosn] nflu b"/;~rf/ If]q v' nf ul/Psf] 5 . t/ /]l8of] :k]s6dsf]
sf/0faf6 ;]jf k|bfossf] ;+ Vof ;Lldt x'g ;Sg] 5 . ;]jf k|bfosn] 8fO/]S6/L
;]jf k|bfg ubf{ ;] jf pkof] u ug]{ ;a} u|fxsnfO{ ;dfj] z u/L To:tf] ;]jf k|b fg
ug{'kg]{5 .
$=%= v'nf cg'dltkq k|0 ffnL nfu" ul/g]
ul/g] M
b"/;~rf/ If]qdf ;a} ;]j fk|bfosn] k|j]z kfpg v' nf cg'dltkq k|0 ffnL nfu"
ul/g]5 . o:tf] cg'dltkq k|bfg ubf{ kf/bzL{ k|lqmof ckgfOg]5 . ;fy} :j:y
k|lt:kwf{sf] jftfj/0f l;h{gf ul/g]5 .
$=^=

lghLIf]qsf] ;xeflutfnfO{ k|f]T;fxg ul/g] M

b"/;~rf/ If]qdf lghL If]qsf] ;xeflutfnfO{ k|f]T;fxg ul/g]5 . j}b]lzs nufgL
cfslif{t ul/g]5 . b"/;~rf/ If]qdf ePsf ;' wf/;DaGwL ljj/0f / o; If]qdf
pknAw cj;/af/] lghLIf]qnfO{ lgoldt kdf hfgsf/L u/fpg] Joj:yf
ldnfOg]5 .

$=&= ;"rgf ;dfhdf k|j]z ug]{ M

b"/;~rf/ ;]j fsf] lj:tf/ / ;"rgf tyf ;~rf/;DaGwL sfg'g

(Cybef Law)

h:tf cGo cfjZos k"jf{wf/sf] Joj:yf u/L g]kfnnfO{ k|efjsf/L kdf ;"rgf
;dfhdf k|j] z u/fOg]5 .
$=*= u|fdL0f If]q k|of]ustf{sf] nflu pko'Qm ;"rgf tyf ;~rf/ k|ljlw M
u|fdL0f If]q k|of] ustf{sf] Ifdtf / cfjZostfcgk pko'Qm ;"rgf tyf ;~rf/
k|ljlw pknAw u/fOg]5 . o; l;nl;nfdf lghL If]q;d]tsf] ;xeflutfdf ljz]if
tfnLd grflxg] tyf ;fIf/tfsf] cfjZostf gkg]{ vfnsf /]l8of] , 6]lnlehg
tyf 6]lnkmf]gdf cfwfl/t ;" rgf tyf ;~rf/ k|ljlw pknAw u/fOg]5 . ;;fgf
;]jf k|bfossf] dfWodaf6 u| fdL0f k| of] ustf{ xnfO{ ;"rgf tyf ;~rf/ k|ljlwsf]
;]jf pknAw u/fOg]5 .

www.lawcommission.gov.np

www.lawcommission.gov.np

$=(

ljsf; sfo{df nfu]sfnfO{ ;"rgf tyf ;~rf/ k|ljlwsf] e/k"/ k|of]u ug{ nufOg] M

u|fdL0f ljsf; tyf k"jf{ wf/ lgdf{0 fh:tf ljsf; sfo{df k|Effjsfl/tf Nofpg o;
sfo{df ;+ nUg ;/sf/L tyf u}/;/sf/L JolQm tyf lgsfonfO{ lhNnf /
ufpF:t/;Dd cfjZos Ifdtfsf] ljsf; u/L OG6/g]6h:tf ;"rgf tyf ;~rf/
k|ljlwsf] e/k"/ k|of]u ug{ nufOg]5 .
$=!)= g]kfn b"/ ;~rf/ sDkgLsf] Joj;foLs/0f M
g]kfn b"/;~rf/ ;+: yfgsf] Joj;foLs/0f ug]{ l;nl;nfdf ;+:yfgnfO{ sDkgLdf
kl/0ft u/L g]kfn ;/sf/sf] :jfldTjnfO{ 36fpFb} nlug] 5 . a9\bf] k|lt:kwf{sf]
;fdgf ug{sf nflu sDkgLnfO{ ;Ifd agfpg ljleGg ;' wf/ sfo{qmd ;~rfng
ul/g]5g\ .
$=!!= gLlt sfof{Gjogsf nflu ;+:yfut ljsf; M
b"/;~rf/ gLltsf] ;kmn sfof{Gjogsf] nflu ;"rgf tyf ;~rf/ dGqfno / g]kfn
b"/;~rf/ k|flws/0fsf] hgzlQm / cfly{s Ifdtf j[l4 u/L ;+:yfut ljsf; ub}{
nlug]5 . ;"rgf tyf ;~rf/ k|ljlw;DaGwL gLlt / sfg'gsf] th'{df tyf
sfof{Gjogsf] ;Gbe{df ;"rgf tyf ;~rf/ dGqfno / lj1fg tyf k|ljlw
dGqfnosf] e"ldsf / lhDd]jf/LnfO{ bf]xf]/f] gkg]{ u/L :ki6 kfl/g]5 .
$=!@= b"/;~rf/ If]qsf] cfly{s ;Ifdtf M
b"/;~rf/ ;]j fk|bfosaLr :j:y k|lt:kwf{ x'g] jftfj/0f l;h{gf u/L b"/;~rf/
If]qsf] cfly{s ;dIftf clej[l4 ug{ hf] 8 lbOg]5 .

%= sfo{gLlt
%=!= b"/;~rf/ ;]j fdf ;a}sf] kx'Fr

(Universal Access)

%=!=!= cfly{s jif{ @)^#^$ ;Dd g]kfne/ b"/;~rf/ ;]jf k' ofpg
b]xfoadf]lhdsf /0fgLltsf] cjnDag ul/g]5 M
%=!=!=! ;fljssf ;]jf k|bfosnfO{ lagfcg'bfg cfkm\gf] ;]jfsf] lj:tf/
ug{ nufOg]5 .
%=!=!=@= g]kfnsf u|fdL0f If]qdf ;]j f k'ofpg] ;t{s f] cfwf/df
lagfcg'bfg df]afOn ;]jf k|bfossf] rog ul/g]5 .

www.lawcommission.gov.np

www.lawcommission.gov.np

%=!=!=#= k"jf{~rn ljsf; If]qdf @)^) ;fndf Go"gtd cg'bfgsf]

cfwf/df cg'dltkq k|fKt ;]j f k|bfosaf6 u| fdL0f If]qdf ;]jf
lj:tf/ x'g] 5 .
%=!=!=$= pko'{Qm pkfoaf6 ;] jf gk'u]sf afFsL If]qdf u|fdL0f b"/;~rf/
ljsf;sf] nflu u|fdL0f b"/;~rf/ /sd Joxf]g]{ u/L Go"gtd
cg'bfgsf] cfwf/df af] nkqf/f 5gf} 6 ePsf ;]j f k|bfosaf6
;]jf k'ofOg]5 .
%=!=@= u|fdL0f If]qdf ;] jf k'ofpg b"/;~rf/ ;]j f k|bfosn] cfoft ug]{
pks/0fdf Ps -!_ k|ltzt dfq eG;f/ dx;' n nfUg] Joj:yf ul/g]5 .
g]kfn b"/;~rf/ k| flws/0fn] u| fdL0f If]qdf ;]j f k'ofpg cfofltt
pks/0fsf] k|d fl0ft ug]{5 .
%=!=#= gu/kflnsfafx]ssf b'u{d tyf u| fdL0f If]qdf 5l/Psf a:tLdf b"/;~rf/
;]jf lj:tf/ u/L u| fdL0f b"/;~rf/sf] k|of]udf tLj|t f NofOg]5 . o;
sfo{df k|f]T;fxg ug{ jflif{s ?= @) nfveGbf sd cfo ePsf u|fdL0f
b"/;~rf/ ;]jf k|bfosnfO{ cg'dltkq b:t'/ tyf jflif{s b:t'/ 5'6
ul/g]5 .
%=!=$= b"/;~rf/ ;]j fdf ;a}sf] kx'FrnfO{ ;femf 6]lnkmf]g jf cGo b"/;~rf/
dfWodaf6 sfof{ Gjog ul/g]5 . ePsf ;'ljwfsf] clwstd k|of]u u/L
;a}sf] kxF' rnfO{ ;'ud agfpg 6]lnkmf]gsf] ;femf k| of]u tyf
6]lnkmf]gjfnfn] cnfO{ k'gM ;]j f ljqmL

(Resale)

ug{ kfpg] Joj:yfnfO{

v'nf /flvg] 5 .
%=!=%= u|fdL0f b"/;~rf/ ljsf;sf] nflu u|fdL0f b"/;~rf/ sf]ifsf] :yfkgf
ul/g]5 . u|fdL0f b"/;~rf/ sf]ifdf ;d:t ;]jfk|bfosn] clgjfo{ kn]
ltg'{kg]{ u|fdL0f b"/;~rf/ b:t'/, g]kfn ;/sf/sf] cg'bfg tyf bftfaf6
k|fKt x'g] /sd ;dfj]z x'g]5 . o; sf]ifsf] ;~rfng g]kfn b"/;~rf/
k|flws/0faf6 x'g]5 .
%=!=^= g]kfn b"/;~rf/ k|flws/0fn] cf=j= @)^!^@ ;Dd u|fdL0f b"/;~rf/ sf]if
;~rfngsf] l;4fGt / sfo{ljlwx tof/ kfg]{5 . k| flws/0fn] jflif{s
u|fdL0f b"/;~rf/ b:t'/ tf] Sg]5 . sf]ifsf] d'Vo p2]Zo xfl;n ePkl5
5

www.lawcommission.gov.np

www.lawcommission.gov.np

u|fdL0f b"/;~rf/ sf]if aGb ug{ ;lsg]5 .

%=@= ;]j f k|bfg ug]{ bfloTj (Universal Service Obligation _
%=@=! d'Vo ;]j f k|bfos -Incumbent_ n] g]kfnsf ;x/L If]qsf ;j}
pkef]QmfnfO{ dfu ugf{;fy ;]jf k|bfg ug'{ kg]{ afWotf nfu" ul/g]5 .
d'Vo ;]jf k|bfosn] ;]j f k|bfg ug{ c:jLsf/ ug{ kfpg] 5}g .
%=@=@ d'Vo ;]j f k|bfosnfO{ cGo ;]jf k|b fosf/f dfu ePsf] ;]jf k|bfg ug'{kg]{
afWotf nfu" ul/g]5 . d'Vo ;]jf k|bfosn] dfu ePsf] ;]j f Ps dlxgfleq
k|bfg ug{'kg]{5 . Ps dlxgfleq ;f] ;]j f k|bfg ug{ g;Sg] ePdf ljnDasf]
sf/0f;lxt ;]jf k|bfg ug{ nfUg] yk ;doaf/] ;"lrt ug{'kg]{5 . d'Vo ;] jf
k|bfosn] ;]j f k|b fosnfO{ cgfjZos ljnDa jf ;]jfdf cj/f]w jf kof{Kt
;"rgf glbO{ ;]jfdf kl/jt{g u/]df Ifltk"lt{ lbg'kg]{5 . cGo ;] jf
k|bfosn] d' Vo ;]j f k|bfosf/f k|bQ clgoldt tj/n] k| of]u u/L d'Vo
;]jf k|bfosnfO{ xflg gf] S;fgL k' ofPdf Ifltk"lt{ lbg'kg]{5 .
%=#= Jofj;flos

(Corporate) ;]j fdf

ljsf;

%=#=!= Jofj;flos b"/;~rf/ ;]jfdf lnH8 nfOg, Jofj;flos 8f6f g]6js{nfO{

hf]8\g ljleGg 8f6f, a|8Aof08, kLPaLP] S; g]6js{ OToflb ;dfj] z
x'g]5g\ . ;]jf k|b fosnfO{ Jofj;flos b"/;~rf/ ;]j f k|bfg ug{ v'nf
cg'dltkq k|bfg ul/g]5 . t/ o:tf] v]nf cg'dltkqsf] ;+Vof ;Lldt ;| f]t
h:t} /]l8of] :k]S6d cflbsf] sf/0faf6 ;Lldt x'g;Sg]5 .
%=#=@= d'Vo ;] jf k|bfosn] Jofj;flos b"/;~rf/ ;]j fnufot cTofw'lgs
k|ljlw;d]tsf a|8AofG8 ;]jf pknAw u/fpg'kg]{5 .
%=#=#= s]a'n 6]lnlehg / tf/ljxLg

(Wireless)

k|ljlwaf6 OG6/g]6 tyf cGo

8f6f ;]jf k|bfg ug{ kfpg] u/L cg'dltkq k|bfg ul/g]5 .

%=$= b"/;~rf/ If]qsf] pbf/Ls/0f
%=$=!= ax';]j f

(Multi-service)

;~rfng tyf ax' ;]jfk|bfos

(Multi-operators)

lqmofzLn x'g] jftfj/0fsf] l;h{gf ul/g]5 . o;cg';f/ h'g;'s }

;]jfk|b fosn] h'g;'s} ;]jf k|bfg ug{ ;Sg] 5 . t/ o; Joj:yfdf /]l8of]
:k]S6d h:tf ;Lldt ;| f]tsf] sf/0fn] ;]j f k|bfossf] ;+Vof ;Lldt x'g
6

www.lawcommission.gov.np

www.lawcommission.gov.np

;Sg]5 .
%=$=@= ljleGg ;]jfk|bfossf] ;~hfn
cGt/cfa4tf

(Network)

sf]

(Interconnection)

nfO{ Ps cfk;df hf]8\g ]

Joj:yf

ldnfOg]5 .

o;

Joj:yfcGtu{t gjfuGt's ;]jf k|b fosn] Gofok"0 f{ tl/sfn] ;]j f ;~rfng

ug{ kfpg]5g\ . d' Vo ;]j f k|bfosn] cGt/cfa4tfsf] ;t{ tyf ljlw
k|sflzt u/L lagfe]befj cfkm\gf] ;~hfnnfO{ gjfuGt's ;]jf k|b fossf]
;~hfn;F u Pscfk;df hf] 8\g lbg'kg]{5 . ljZj Jofkf/ ;+ u7gsf] ;Gbe{df
(Reference Paper)

/ ljZjsf ;jf]{Qd k| rngxsf] cfwf/ lnP/ g]kfn

b"/;~rf/ k|flws/0fn] cGt/cfa4tf;DaGwL lgodx th'{df ug]{ 5, h;df

ljjfb ;'Nemfpg] pkfo;d] t ;dfj]z x'g] 5 .
%=$=#= b"/;~rf/ :j:y k|lt:kwf{d f cfwfl/t Pj+ ahf/ lgb]{lzt d"No k|0 ffnL
:yflkt ;]jf k|bfosaLr c:jfefljs tyf c:j:y k|lt:kwf{sf] cj:Yffdf
jf d"Nodf Psflwsf/ /xg] l:ylt b]vfk/]df d"No lgodg
Regulation)

(Price

ug{ ;lsg]5 .

%=$=%= ;a} ;]j f k|b fosdf ;dfg s/ lgod nfu" ul/g]5 .

%=$=^= g]kfn ;/sf/n] cfkm\gf lgsfonfO{ d"No / u'0fsf] cfwf/df ljleGg ;]jf
k|bfossf] ;]jf k| of]u ug{ v' nf ug]{5 .
%=$=&= s'g} klg b"/;~rf/ ;]j fnfO{ cf} krfl/s k|>o lbg] lsl;daf6 cfwf/e"t
(Basic),

df]afOn, b"/;~rf/sf cltl/Qm ;]jf

(Value Added)

OToflb egL

juL{s/0f ul/g]5}g . ljleGg pkef]QmfnfO{ cfcfkm\gf] cfjZostf / ?lr

cg'k ;]j fsf] rog ug{ kfpg] clwsf/ x'g]5 .
%=$=*= cg'dltkq b:t'/, /]l8of] :k] S6d

(Radio Spectrum)

b:t'/nufot cGo

b:t'/ o;;DaGwL sfo{ ug]{ lgsfosf] sfo{ ;~rfng vr{sf] nflu kof{Kt
x'g] u/L dfq p7fOg]5 .
%=%= v'nf cg'dltkq k|0ffnL nfu" ul/g]
%=%=!= gofF ;]jf k|bfossf] nflu v'nf cg'dltkq k|0ffnL nfu" ul/g]5 . v'nf
cg'dltkq k|0ffnLdf ;fdfGo cg'dltkq
cg'dltkq

(Individual License)

(Standard License)

/ j}olQms

sf] Joj:yf ul/g]5 . /]l8of] :k]S6d,

www.lawcommission.gov.np

www.lawcommission.gov.np

gDal/+u Ifdtf tyf

Right of way

h:tf ;|f]tsf] nflu 5'6\6} cg'dlt

lng'kg]{5 .
%=%=@= lgwf{l/t ;t{ k"/f ug]{ h'g;'s} Go"gtd of]Uotf ePsfnfO{ ;fdfGo
cg'dltkq lbOg]5 . ;fdfGo cg'dltkq kfpg]n] ;Lldt :k] Ss6d
(Spectrum)

sf] k| of] u x'g] ;]jfafx]s h'g;'s} ;]j f ;~rfng ug{ ;Sg]5 .

t/ ;fdfGo cg'dltkq k| fKt JolQmn] csf]{ s'g} ;]jf k|bfosn] ;Lldt

:k]S6dsf] ;xfotfn] ;]j f lbg ;Sg]5 . ;fdfGo cg'dltkq k| fKt JolQmn]
j}olQms cg'dltkq lng rfx]d f bkmf %%=# cg';f/ af]nkqdf k|lt:kwf{
u/L 5flgg'kg]{5 .
%=%=#= af]nkqf/f 5flgPsf ;]jf k|b fosnfO{ j}olQms cg'dltkq k|bfg ul/g]5 .
;Lldt :k]S6dsf] sf/0faf6 ;Lldt ;+ Vofdf b"/;~rf/ ;]j f k|b fossf]
rog ul/g]5 . j} olQms cg'dltkqsf] nflu ;]j f k|bfossf] 5gf}6 ubf{
u|fdL0f If]qdf clwstd hg;+ VofnfO{ ;] jf k'ofpg] jf ;f]xL lsl;dsf
cGo cfwf/ lnOg]5 . j}olQms cg'dltkq k|fKt JolQm;+:yfn] j}olQms
cg'dltkqdf pNn] v gePsf cGo ;]j f k|bfg ug{ ;fdfGo cg'dltkq
lng'kg]{5 .
%=%=$= Pp6} lsl;dsf ;] jf k|b fossf] nflu cg'dltkq b:t'/ tf] Sg] ljlw Ps}
lsl;dsf] x'g]5 . jflif{s b:t'/sf] xsdf n]vf k/LIfsn] k|dfl0ft u/]sf]
jflif{s cfDbfgLsf] cfwf/df lglZrt k|ltztsf] cfwf/df g]kfn b"/;~rf/
k|flws/0fn] tf] Sg]5 .
%=%=%= ;fljssf] cg'dltkq gofF k|0 ffnLdf kl/0ft ul/g]5 .
%=%=^= v'nf cg'dltkq k|bfg ubf{ k|ljlw t6:y

(Technology Neutral)

l;4fGt

cjnDag ul/g]5 . ;]jf k|bfosn] b"/;~rf/ k|ljlw rog ug{ kfpg]5 . ;]jf
k|bfosn] 5gf}6 u/]sf] k|ljlwsf pks/0f cfw'lgs tyf :yflkt
Proved)

/ cGt/f{li6o dfGotfk|fKt

(International Specification)

(Field

cg'k

x'g'kg]{5 . ;fljssf ;]jf k|bfos klg v'nf cg'dltkq k|0ffnLdf k|j]z

ug{'kg]{5 / o; k|0ffnLdf k|j]z gu/];Dd lghsf] cg'dltkqdf /x]sf
k|ljlw;DaGwL afWofTds Joj:yf oyfjt\ /xL /xg]5 .
%=^= lghL If]qsf] ;xeflutfnfO{ k|f]T;fxg ul/g]
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%=^=!= b"/;~rf/ If]qdf nufgL cfslif{t ug{ lghL If]qsf] ;xeflutfnfO{ k|f]T;fxg
ul/g]5 .
%=^=@= b"/;~rf/ If]qdf j}b]lzs nufgL cfslif{t ul/g]5 . o:tf] nufgLdf
Go"gtd @) -aL;_ k|ltzt :jb]zL ;xeflutf x'g'kg]{5 .
%=^=#= b"/;~rf/ If]qdf ul/g] ;'wf/af/]df lghLIf]q nfO{ lgoldt kdf hfgsf/L
u/fOg]5 . o; l;nl;nfdf rfn'" b"/;~rf/ If]q ;'wf/ tyf cWoog
;DaGwL hfgsf/L ;"rgf tyf ;~rf/ dGqfno / g]kfn b"/;~rf/
k|flws/0faf6 ;do ;dodf ;"lrt ul/g]5 .
%=^=$= v'nf tyf k|ljlw t6:y cg'dltkq k|fKt ug]{ ljlw, k|lqmof / cGo
cfjZos ljifoj:t'af/] lghL If]q nfO{ hfgsf/L u/fOg]5 .
%=&= ;"rgf ;dfhdf k|j]z ug]{
%=&=!= ;"rgf ;dfhdf k|e fjsf/L k|j]zsf] nflu b"/;~rf/sf k"j f{wf/sf] ljsf;
ul/g]5 .
%=&=@= ;DalGwt dGqfno, lgsfo Pj+ lghL If]q;F usf] ;+ o'Qm k|of;af6 ;"rgf
tyf ;~rf/;DaGwL sfg'g

(Cyber Law)

nufot cGo cfjZos Joj:yf

ul/g]5 .
%=*= u|fdL0f If]qsf k|of]ustf{s f] nflu pko'Qm ;"rgf tyf ;~rf/ k|ljlw
%=*=!= u|fdL0f If]qsf k| of]ustf{nfO{ pko'Qm x'g] ;"rgf tyf ;~rf/ k|ljlw
(Information & Communication Technology)

sf] pkof]u ug{ k|f]T;flxt

ul/g]5 . o;df tfnLd grflxg] tyf ;fIf/tfsf] cfjZostf gkg]{ vfnsf

/]l8of], 6]lnlehg tyf 6]lnkmf]gdf cfwfl/t ;"rgf tyf ;~rf/ k|ljlwsf]
Jofks kn] ;~hfn lj:tf/ ul/g]5 . o;sf nflu ;Dej ePsf :yfgdf
k[YjLsf] ;txaf6 / cGo :Yfgxdf e"pku|xsf] dfWodaf6 /fli6o /]l8of]
tyf 6]lnlehg k| ;f/0fdf ;d'bfosf] kx'Fr k'ofOg]5 .
%=*=@= /]l8of] tyf 6]lnlehgaf6 ;"rgf tyf ;~rf/ k|ljlw;Fu ;DalGwt cfsif{s
sfo{qmdsf ;fy} ljsf;;DaGwL hfgsf/L ;+k|]if0f ug]{ Joj:yf ul/g]5 .
%=*=#= ljz]if tfnLd / ;fIf/tfsf] cfjZostf kg]{ ;"rgf tyf ;~rf/ k|ljlw
pknAw u/fpg ;;fgf ;]jf k|bfosnfO{ kl/rfng ul/g]5 .
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%=*=$ lghLIf]qsf] dfWodaf6 hgtfnfO{ ;"rgf tyf ;~rf/ k|ljlwsf] ;'ljwf

pknAw u/fpg cg's"n jftfj/0f l;h{gf ul/g]5 .
%=(= ljsf; sfo{df nfu]sfnfO{ ;"rgf tyf ;~rf/ k|ljlwsf] e/k"/ k|of]u ug{ nufOg]
nufOg
%=(=!= g]kfn ;/sf/sf s]Gb|Lo :t/sf ;a} lgsfonfO{ cfly{s jif{ @)^!^@ sf]
cGTo;Dddf OG6/g]6df hf]l8g] 5 . tL lgsfosf] j]a ;fO6df ;a}
;"rgfsf] ;fy} k|sflzt ;fdu| L

(Documents)

klg pknAw x'g]5g\ .

cfly{s jif{ @)^@^# sf] cGTo;Dd hgtfnfO{ k| ToIf ;]j f lbg] ;/sf/L
lgsfo h:t} s[lif, :jf:Yo, lzIff, x' nfs cflbdf sfo{/t dfWolds
tx;Ddsf] lzIff kfPsf sd{rf/LnfO{ Od]n / OG6/g]6 k| of]udf bIf agfO{
pkof]u ug{ nufO{

e-Governance

tkm{ pGd'v u/fOg]5 .

%=(=@= ;" rgf tyf ;~rf/ k|ljlwsf] k|of]udf ;xof]u / ;dGjo ug{ ;Ifd ;Dks{
ljGb'

(Focal point)

tf]sL ;f] lgsfosf] Ifdtf clej[l4 ul/g]5 . o;n]

:yfgLo cfjZostfcg'ksf ;" rgf tyf ;~rf/ k|ljlwsf] Jofks k|of] udf
clek|]l/t ug]{5 .
%=(=#= ;Dks{ ljGb'sf] kdf sfo{ ug]{ lgsfon] u|fdL0f If]qsf] ljsf;df ;"rgf
tyf ;~rf/ k|ljlwsf] ;femf k| of]udf ljleGg ;/sf/L tyf u}/;/sf/L
lgsfonfO{ d2t k'ofpg]5 . hgtf nfeflGjt x'g] ljsf; cfof] hgfsf]
cBfjlws tYof+s /fVg]5 . ljleGg ;"rgf tyf ;~rf/ k|ljlw;Fu
;DalGwt pko'Qm ;fdu| Lsf] ;+sng u/L l;l8/f]d , OG6/g]6 cflbsf
dfWodaf6 pknAw u/fpg]5 .
%=!)= g]kfn b"/ ;~rf/ ;+: yfgsf] Joj;foLs/0f
%=!)=!= g]kfn b"/;~rf/ ;+:yfgnfO{ tTsfn sDkgLdf kl/0ft ul/g]5 . o;/L
kl/0ft ePsf] sDkgLdf g]kfn ;/sf/sf] :jfldTjnfO{ qmdzM 36fpFb }
lghL If]qsf] :jfldTj a9fOg]5 .
%=!)=@=

v'nf tyf pbf/ jftfj/0fdf k|lt:kwf{ ug{ / ;]o/sf] d"No a9fpg

sDkgLsf] Joj;foLs/0f ul/g]5 .

%=!)=#= sDkgLnfO{ ;]jf k|b fg ug]{ sfo{df a9L ;Ifd, k|e fjsf/L, r':t agfpg /
pTkfbsTjdf j[l4 ug{ sDkgLsf] k'g;+/rgf ul/g]5 .
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%=!!= gLlt sfof{Gjogsf] nflu ;+:yfut ljsf;

%=!!=!= b"/;~rf/ gLltsf] ;kmn sfof{Gjogsf] nflu ;"rgf tyf ;~rf/ dGqfno
/ g]kfn b"/;~rf/ k| flws/0fdf k|ofKt dfqfdf bIf hgzlQm tyf cfjZos
cGo ;| f]tsf] Joj:yf ul/g]5 .
%=!!=@= ;Da4 kIfdf ;sf/fTds c;/sf] cg'e"ltnfO{ clej[l4 ug{ ;d;fdlos
;"rgf tyf hfgsf/LnfO{ lgoldt kdf hg;dIf k'ofOg]5 . g]kfn
b"/;~rf/ k|flws/0fn] ;]j f k|bfgsf] l:ylt, ;]j fsf] b:t'/, ;]j f:t/sf]
cGt/f{li6o

dfkb08,

cGt/f{li6o

t' ngf

tyf

cGo

cfjZos

hfgsf/L;lxtsf] jflif{s ljj/0f k|sflzt ug]{5 . ;"rgf tyf ;~rf/

dGqfno / g]kfn b"/;~rf/ k|flws/0fn] ljleGg cWoog k|ltj]bg tyf
pkof]uL ;" rgf;d]t lgoldt kdf k|sflzt ug]{5g\ .
%=!!=#= g]kfn b"/;~rf/ k|flws/0fn] ;] jf k|bfos tyf pkef]Qmfsf] nflu lgb]{lzsf
k|sflzt ug]{ 5 . ljjfb ;dfwfgsf] ljlw tyf cGo plrt k|lqmof
sfof{Gjog u/L pkef]Qmfsf] ;+/If0f ug]{5 .
%=!!=$= ;"rgf tyf ;~rf/ dGqfno / lj1fg tyf k|ljlw dGqfnosf] e"ldsfnfO{
:ki6 kf/L gLlt lgdf{0f tyf sfof{GjognfO{ l56f] 5l/tf] , ;xh, ;/n tyf
kf/bzL{ agfpFb} nlug] 5 .
%=!!=%= g]kfn b"/;~rf/ k|flws/0fdf pRr:t/Lo Jofj;flos

(Professional)

bIftf

ePsf JolQmnfO{ cfslif{t ug]{ vfnsf lgo'lQmsf ;t{ tyf ;'ljwf

/flvg]5 .
%=!!=^= ljZj Jofkf/ ;+u 7g

(WTO)

Joj:yfsf] ;+/If0f, cGt/cfa4tf

u/fpg'kg]{ bfloTj

sf] l;4fGtdf cfwfl/t k|lt:kwf{ ;DaGwL

(Interconnection),

;a}nfO{ ;]j f pknAw

(Universal Service Obligation),

v' nf cg'dltkq

k|lqmof, :jtGq tyf Gofok"0f{ lgofds tyf ;Lldt ;|f]tsf] pkof]uh:tf

ljifodf pbfx/0fLo k| rngnfO{ c+ uLsf/ ul/g]5 .
%=!@= b"b"/;~rf/ If]qsf] cfly{s ;Ifdtf
%=!@=!= b"/;~rf/ ;]jfk|bfosaLr Gofok"0f{ k|lt:kwf{nfO{ k| f]T;fxg u/L b"/;~rf/
If]qdf cfly{s ;Ifdtf xfl;n ul/g]5 . o; ;Gbe{df k|lt:kwf{ ;DaGwL
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5'6\6} sfg''gL Joj:yf geP;Dd tT;DaGwL k|fjwfg tTsfn b"/;~rf/

P]gdf ;dfj] z ul/g]5 . d' Vo ;]j f k|bfosnfO{ k|lt:kwf{sf] l;4fGtljk/Lt
Pp6f ;]j fsf] cfDbfgLn] csf]{ ;]j fsf] cfDbfgLnfO{ egf{

(Cross subsidy)

ug]{, cGo k|lt:kwL{nfO{ gf] S;fgL Pj+ ;dfKt kfg]{ p2]Zon] d"No lgwf{/0f
ug]{, k|lt:kwL{sf] ;"rgfsf] unt k| of] u ug]{ / k|lt:kwL{;Fu ;/f]sf/ ePsf]
hfgsf/LnfO{ /f]Sg]h:tf cGofok"0f{ Pj+ c:j:y cEof; x'g glbg ljZj
Jofkf/ ;+u 7gn] cjnDag u/]sf] ;jf]{Qd pkfo cg';/0f ul/g]5 .
^= gLlt sfof{Gjogsf nflu sfg'gL Joj:yf
o; gLltdf ePsf k|fjwfgsf] sfof{Gjogsf] nflu cfjZos kg]{ sfg'g agfOg]5 . o;
l;nl;nfdf tTsfn cfjZos kg]{ sfg'gL Joj:yf cfly{s jif{ @)^)^! sf]
cGTo;Dddf k"/f ul/g]5 . b"/;~rf/;DaGwL sfg'g k'g/fjnf]sg ug]{ sfo{nfO{
cfjZostfcg'k lg/Gt/tf lbOg]5 .
&= cg'udg tyf k'g/fjnf]sg
&=!= o; gLltsf] sfof{Gjog kIfnfO{ ;dGjofTds kdf cg'udg ug{ b]xfoadf]lhdsf]
pRr:t/Lo cg'udg ;ldlt /xg]5 . o; ;ldltsf] k|yd a}7s of] gLlt
sfof{Gjogdf cfPsf]

ldltn] ^ dlxgfleq a:g]5 . To;kl5sf a}7s

cfjZostfcg'k a;L lgoldt kdf cg'udg ug]{ sfo{ x'g]5 .

cg'u dg ;ldlt
!=

;"rgf tyf ;~rf/dGqL/fHodGqL

cWoIf

@=

;b:o -;"rgf tyf ;~rf/_, /fli6o of]hgf cfof] u

;b:o

#=

;lrj, cy{ dGqfno

;b:o

$=

;lrj, pBf]u , jfl0fHo tyf cfk"lt{ dGqfno

;b:o

%=

;lrj, lj1fg tyf k|ljlw dGqfno

;b:o

^=

;lrj, ;"rgf tyf ;~rf/ dGqfno

;b:o

12

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www.lawcommission.gov.np

&=

cWoIf, g]kfn b"/;~rf/ k| flws/0f

;b:o

*=

k|ltlglw, ;" rgf k|ljlw pRr:t/Lo cfof] u

;b:o

(=

k|ltlglw, g]kfn pBf]u jfl0fHo dxf;+3

;b:o

!)= k|d'v, d'Vo ;] jf k|bfos

;b:o

!!= ;x;lrj -gLltof]hgf_, ;"rgf tyf ;~rf/ dGqfno

;b:o
;lrj

&=@=g]kfn ;/sf/n] b"/;~rf/ If]qdf e}/x]sf] b'|t ljsf;nfO{ Wofgdf /fvL o;;DaGwL
gLltnfO{ lgoldt kn] k'g/fjnf]sg ub}{ hfg'kg]{ clgjfo{t f dx;'; u/L b"/;~rf/
gLlt @)^) sfof{Gjogdf NofOPsf] 5 . b"/;~rf/ gLltsf] k'g/fjnf]sg sfo{nfO{
;doa4 kdf lg/Gt/tf k|bfg ul/g]5 .

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