Table of Derivatives

Throughout this table, a and b are constants, independent of x.

F(x) F

(x) =
dF
dx
af(x) + bg(x) af

(x) + bg

(x)
f(x) + g(x) f

(x) + g

(x)
f(x) g(x) f

(x) g

(x)
af(x) af

(x)
f(x)g(x) f

(x)g(x) + f(x)g

(x)
f(x)g(x)h(x) f

(x)g(x)h(x) + f(x)g

(x)h(x) + f(x)g(x)h

(x)
f(x)
g(x)
f

(x)g(x)f(x)g

(x)
g(x)
2
1
g(x)

g

(x)
g(x)
2
f

g(x)

g(x)

(x)
1 0
a 0
x
a
ax
a1
g(x)
a
ag(x)
a1
g

(x)
sinx cos x
sing(x) g

(x) cos g(x)

cos x sinx
cos g(x) g

(x) sing(x)
tanx sec
2
x
csc x csc xcot x
sec x sec xtanx
cot x csc
2
x
e
x
e
x
e
g(x)
g

(x)e
g(x)
a
x
(lna) a
x
lnx
1
x
lng(x)
g

(x)
g(x)
log
a
x
1
xln a
arcsinx
1

1x
2
arcsing(x)
g

(x)

1g(x)
2
arccos x
1

1x
2
arctanx
1
1+x
2
arctang(x)
g

(x)
1+g(x)
2
arccsc x
1
x

1x
2
arcsec x
1
x

1x
2
arccot x
1
1+x
2
Table of Indenite Integrals
Throughout this table, a and b are given constants, independent of x
and C is an arbitrary constant.
f(x) F(x) =

f(x) dx
af(x) + bg(x) a

f(x) dx + b

g(x) dx + C
f(x) + g(x)

f(x) dx +

g(x) dx + C
f(x) g(x)

f(x) dx

g(x) dx + C
af(x) a

f(x) dx + C
u(x)v

(x) u(x)v(x)

(x)v(x) dx + C
f

y(x)

(x) F

y(x)

where F(y) =

f(y) dy
1 x + C
a ax + C
x
a x
a+1
a+1
+ C if a = 1
1
x
ln|x| + C
g(x)
a
g

(x)
g(x)
a+1
a+1
+ C if a = 1
sinx cos x + C
g

(x) sing(x) cos g(x) + C

cos x sinx + C
tanx ln| sec x| + C
csc x ln| csc x cot x| + C
sec x ln| sec x + tanx| + C
cot x ln| sinx| + C
sec
2
x tanx + C
csc
2
x cot x + C
sec xtanx sec x + C
csc xcot x csc x + C
e
x
e
x
+ C
e
g(x)
g

(x) e
g(x)
+ C
e
ax 1
a
e
ax
+ C
a
x 1
lna
a
x
+ C
lnx xlnx x + C
1

1x
2
arcsinx + C
g

(x)

1g(x)
2
arcsing(x) + C
1

a
2
x
2
arcsin
x
a
+ C
1
1+x
2
arctanx + C
g

(x)
1+g(x)
2
arctang(x) + C
1
a
2
+x
2
1
a
arctan
x
a
+ C
1
x

1x
2
arcsec x + C
Properties of Exponentials
In the following, x and y are arbitrary real numbers, a and b are arbitrary constants that are
strictly bigger than zero and e is 2.7182818284, to ten decimal places.
1) e
0
= 1, a
0
= 1
2) e
x+y
= e
x
e
y
, a
x+y
= a
x
a
y
3) e
x
=
1
e
x
, a
x
=
1
a
x
4)

e
x

y
= e
xy
,

a
x

y
= a
xy
5)
d
dx
e
x
= e
x
,
d
dx
e
g(x)
= g

(x)e
g(x)
,
d
dx
a
x
= (lna) a
x
6)

e
x
dx = e
x
+ C,

e
ax
dx =
1
a
e
ax
+ C if a = 0
7) lim
x
e
x
= , lim
x
e
x
= 0
lim
x
a
x
= , lim
x
a
x
= 0 if a > 1
lim
x
a
x
= 0, lim
x
a
x
= if 0 < a < 1
8) The graph of 2
x
is given below. The graph of a
x
, for any a > 1, is similar.
x
y
1 2 3 1 2 3
1
2
4
6
y = 2
x
Properties of Logarithms
In the following, x and y are arbitrary real numbers that are strictly bigger than 0, a is
an arbitrary constant that is strictly bigger than one and e is 2.7182818284, to ten decimal
places.
1) e
lnx
= x, a
log
a
x
= x, log
e
x = lnx, log
a
x =
lnx
lna
2) log
a

a
x

= x, ln

e
x

= x
ln1 = 0, log
a
1 = 0
lne = 1, log
a
a = 1
3) ln(xy) = lnx + lny, log
a
(xy) = log
a
x + log
a
y
4) ln

x
y

= lnx lny, log

a

x
y

= log
a
x log
a
y
ln

1
y

= lny, log
a

1
y

= log
a
y,
5) ln(x
y
) = y lnx, log
a
(x
y
) = y log
a
x
6)
d
dx
lnx =
1
x
,
d
dx
ln(g(x)) =
g

(x)
g(x)
,
d
dx
log
a
x =
1
x lna
7)

1
x
dx = ln|x| + C,

lnx dx = xlnx x + C
8) lim
x
lnx = , lim
x0
lnx =
lim
x
log
a
x = , lim
x0
log
a
x =
9) The graph of lnx is given below. The graph of log
a
x, for any a > 1, is similar.
x
y
1 2 3 4
0.5
1.0
1.5
0.5
1.0
1.5
y = lnx