CATALYST AND

RATE OF
REACTION
GROUP 7 :
FITRI
ZHAFIR
ZUKMI
MUSHAF
CONTENT
What is reaction
What is rate
What is catalyst
Relation of catalyst & rate of reaction

Definition of rate
A measure, quantity, or frequency,
typically one measured against some
other quantity or measure
Definition of reaction
An action performed in response to a
situation
Catalyst
A substance that increases the rate of a
chemical reaction without itself
undergoing any permanent chemical
change.
A substance that speeds up a chemical
reaction, but is not consumed by the
reaction; hence the catalyst can be
recovered unchanged at the end of
the reaction it has been used to speed
up, or catalyze.
The process
In order for chemical reactants to become
products, the species involved in
any reaction must undergo a rearrangement of
chemical bonds. The slowest step in the bond
rearrangement produces what is termed a
transition state - a chemical species that is neither
reactant nor product, but an intermediate
between the two. Energy is required to form the
transition state. This energy is called the Energy of
Activation, or E
a
. At any point in time, reactants
that have energy lower than E
a
cannot pass
through the transition state to become products.
A catalyst works by providing a different
route, with lower E
a
, for the reaction. In
any given time interval, the presence of a
catalyst allows a greater proportion of the
reactant species to acquire sufficient
energy to pass through the transition state
and become products.
Catalysts cannot shift the position of a
chemical equilibrium - the forward and
backward reactions are both
accelerated so that the equilibrium
constant K
eq
is unchanged. However, by
removing products from
the reaction mixture as they form, the
overall rate of product formation can in
practice be increased.