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    1. The document discusses potassium imbalance, specifically hypopotassemia (low potassium) and hyperpotassemia (high potassium). 2. Hypopotassemia can be caused by low potassium intake, more potassium transport into cells, or high potassium loss through the GI or urinary tract. It causes symptoms like muscle weakness, intestinal paralysis, irregular heartbeat. 3. Hyperpotassemia reasons include too much potassium supply or impaired potassium excretion. It manifests as nonspecific symptoms and irregular heartbeat, and specific ECG changes like tall, sharp T waves.

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    Imbalance of potassium

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    1. The document discusses potassium imbalance, specifically hypopotassemia (low potassium) and hyperpotassemia (high potassium). 2. Hypopotassemia can be caused by low potassium intake, more potassium transport into cells, or high potassium loss through the GI or urinary tract. It causes symptoms like muscle weakness, intestinal paralysis, irregular heartbeat. 3. Hyperpotassemia reasons include too much potassium supply or impaired potassium excretion. It manifests as nonspecific symptoms and irregular heartbeat, and specific ECG changes like tall, sharp T waves.

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    15 views16 pages

    Imbalance of Potassium

    Uploaded by

    api-19916399
    1. The document discusses potassium imbalance, specifically hypopotassemia (low potassium) and hyperpotassemia (high potassium). 2. Hypopotassemia can be caused by low potassium intake, more potassium transport into cells, or high potassium loss through the GI or urinary tract. It causes symptoms like muscle weakness, intestinal paralysis, irregular heartbeat. 3. Hyperpotassemia reasons include too much potassium supply or impaired potassium excretion. It manifests as nonspecific symptoms and irregular heartbeat, and specific ECG changes like tall, sharp T waves.

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    of 16

    钾失衡

    Imbalance of potassium
    Zhao Gaofeng M.D.
    1.hypopotassemia （低钾）

    2.hyperpotassemia （高
    钾）
    • Hypopotassemia
    （低钾血症）
    Concept:
    K in serum (concentration) <
    3.5mmol/L
    Causes of hypopotassemia （病因）

    • Less intake of k （摄入少）


    • More transportation of k into cells
    （进入细胞内）
    • More loss of k through gastrointestinal tract
    （进入消化道）
    • More loss of k through urinary tract
    （泌尿道丢失）
    • More loss of k through the skin
    （皮肤丢失）
    Manifestation
    （症状）
    • Myasthynia 肌无力，腱反射减弱，软瘫
    • Intestinal paralysis 腹胀，肠麻痹
    • Irregular heart beating 心律紊乱
    • ECG: U wave becomes higher and
    sharp OR emerges
    Diagnostics

    •Case history
    •Symptoms and
    signs
    •Lab tests
    TRENTMENTS

    • Treat the primary


    diseases

    • Supply k following the


    principles
    RULES
    • Oral intake of • 10%kcl
    k as possible as
    the patient can <0.3%
    • Supply • 10%kcl
    crystal or/and colloid
    solution— < 80d/min
    blood/volume---blood
    pressure-urine volume • Monitor ECG and
    k
    • >30—40ml/hr
    • Be patient
    HYPERPOTASSEMIA
    高钾血症

    • Concept:k>5.5mmol/l
    reasons
    •K supplied too muc
    h--- 输入过多 / 细
    胞内外移
    •排钾障碍 ARF
    manifestation
    • Nonspecific:
    • Irregular HB(Arrthymia) 心律失
    常，心脏骤停
    • ECG: T wave-- higher and sh
    arp--specific
    Diagnosis

    •Case history--ARF
    •Manifestation—T
    wave

    •Lab tests--k
    treatments

    • Treat the primary diseases


    • Stop the intake of k
    • Treat the arrhythmia
    （心律失常） ---(calcium)
    Decrease k
    1.transfer k into cells

    5%NaHco3 100--200ML
    OR 25%GS 100—
    200ml+insulin 3—4g/ 1unit
    Insulin
    2.Dialysis （透析）
    • Peritonaeum dialysis---
    腹膜透析　　
    • Blood dialysis---
    血液透析
    summary

    1.hypo----
    2.hyper----

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