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Phn 4: ROUTER
A. L THUYT:
1. Router hot ng tng no trong m hnh TCP/IP? Chc nng ca
router trong hthng mng my tnh?
2. Hy cho bit cu to ca router gm nhng thnh phn c bn no? Chc
nng ca tng thnh phn?
3. Cisco IOS l g? Cc mode hot ng ca IOS?
4. Cho bit qu trnh khi ng ca router?
5. IOS (Internetworking Operating System):
- Cisco IOS c lu u trong cc router Cisco?
- Cu lnh no xem phin bn IOS ca router ang s dng?
- C th sao chp IOS router ln my tnh hoc ngc li hay khng? Nu c, s
dng cu lnh no thc hin?
6. Tp tin cu hnh:
- Running config l g? Running-config c lu u trong router?
- Startup config l g? Startup-config c lu u trong router?
- C th copy ni dung ca tp tin running config vo tp tin startup config hoc
ngc li hay khng? Nu c, dng cu lnh no copy?
C th copy ni dung ny ln my tnh hoc ngc li hay khng? Nu c,
dng lnh g copy?
B. THC HNH:
1. CU HNH C BN CHO N ROUTER
a. Yu cu:
Tin hnh kt ni router Cisco 1841 vi my tnh qua cng console vi thng s thit
lp cho cng:
Tc baud : 9600
Parity : None
Data bit : 8
Stop bit : 1
Flow Control: None
Khi ng Router v kim tra cc thng tin c c t Router hin th trn ca
s Terminal
Vo ch c quyn (Privileged Mode) ca router t ch ngi dng ( User
Mode), thot khi ch c quyn v tr v ch ngi dng.
Vo ch c quyn, di chuyn ti cc ch cu hnh tng ng (globle
configuration mode, interface configuration mode, line configuration mode hoc
routers configuration mode) v thc hin thit lp cc cu hnh sau cho router:
o t thi gian cho router theo thi gian hin ti v kim tra thi gian
t.
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o t tn cho router l: d102a
o t password vo Privilegde mode cho router ny l: d102a
o t password kt ni vi router qua cng console l: d102a
Lu : Vic t cc password trn ch tin hnh trn phn mm m
phng, SV cha c php tin hnh trn router tht.
Cu hnh thng s cho 2 cng Fast Ethernet ca router 1841 nh sau:
o cng Fast Ethernet 0/0 (fa0/0):
IP :192.168.1.1/24
duplex : auto
speed : 100Mbps
tn m t cng : LAN1
m cng
o cng Fast Ethernet 0/1 (fa0/1):
IP :192.168.1.5/24
duplex : auto
speed : 100Mbps
tn m t cng : LAN2
m cng
Xem v kim tra li thng s thit lp cho cc cng Fast Ethernet.
Kt ni 2 my tnh PC1 v PC2 ln lt vo 2 cng LAN1 v LAN2 ca router. t
IP tnh cho 2 my PC1 v PC2 ln lt l 192.168.1.2/24 v 192.168.1.3/24 . Tin
hnh ping gia 2 my tnh, kim tra v gii thch kt qu.
Tt ngun Router v sau m ngun Router li. Xem v kim tra li cc thng s
thit lp cho Router cc bc 3 v 4. Nhn xt v gii thch kt qu?
b. Hng dn thc hin:
Tin hnh kt ni Router Cisco 1841 vi my tnh qua cng console:
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- Tin hnh kt ni my tnh vi Router 1841 dng cable xanh (blue cable) nh s
sau:
- Trn my tnh, tin hanh m kt ni qua cng COM, dng tin ch Hyper Terminal
ca Windows vi cc thng s thit lp cho cng nh sau:
o Tc baud : 9600
o Parity : None
o Data bit : 8
o Stop bit : 1
o Flow control : None
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- Khi ng Router v kim tra cc thng tin c c t router hin th trn ca s
Terminal:
Vo ch c quyn (Privileged Mode) ca router t ch ngi dng (User
mode), thot khi chc quyn v tr vchngi dng:
- T ch user mode, g lnh enable v nhp password (nu c t password).
- Thot khi ch c quyn v tr v ch ngi dng: T ch c quyn, g
lnh disable:
Thc hin thit lp cu hnh cho router:
- t thi gian cho router theo thi gian hin ti v kim tra thi gia t:
Router>en
Router#clock set 20:30:00 3 june 2011
Router#show clock
*20:33:48.156 UTC Fri Jun 3 2011
- t tn cho router l:d102a
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- t password vo Privileged mode cho router ny l:d102a
- t password kt ni vi router thng qua cng console l:d102a
- Khi ng li Router v kim tra pass console
Cu hnh thng scho 2 cng Fast ethernet ca Router 1841 nh sau:
- Cng fast ethernet 0/0 (fa0/0):
IP : 192.168.1.1/24
Duplex : auto
Speed : 100Mbps
Tn m t cng : LAN1
M cng
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- Cng fast ethernet 0/1 (fa0/1):
IP : 192.168.2.5/24
Duplex : auto
Speed : 100Mbps
Tn m t cng : LAN2
M cng
- Xem v kim tra li thng s thit lp cho Fast Ethernet:
Hng dn : dng lnh show ip int brief ch privileged mode
Kt ni 2 my PC1 v PC2 ln lt vo 2 cng LAN1 v LAN2 ca router. t IP
tnh cho 2 my PC1 v PC2 ln lt l 192.168.1.2/24 v 192.168.2.3/24. Tin hnh
ping gia 2 my tnh, kim tra v gii thch kt qu.
- Kt ni PC1 v PC2 vi router theo s sau:
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- t IP tnh cho PC0: Nhp p chut vo PC0, chn Tab Desktop v tin hnh t
a ch IP cho my PC0 nh thng s trn s :
IP Address: 192.168.1.2
subnet mask: 255.255.255.0
Default gateway: 192.168.1.1
- t IP tnh cho PC1: nhp p chut vo PC1, chn Tab Desktop v tin hnh t
a ch IP cho my PC1
IP Address: 192.168.2.3
subnet mask: 255.255.255.0
Default gateway: 192.168.2.5
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- Tin hnh ping gia PC1 v PC2: m ca s Command Promt ca PC0 ln v thc
hin cu lnh ping 192.168.2.5, m ca s Command promt ca PC1 ln v thc
hin cu lnh 192.168.2.3. Kim tra kt qu?
Tt ngun router v sau m ngun router li. Xem v kim tra li cc thng s
thit lp cho Router. Nhn xt v gii thch kt qu?
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2. NH TUYN
a. Yu cu:
Xy dng h thng mng nh sau:
Thit lp thng s cho cc cng ca cc router nh sau:
- a ch IP: nh trn s
- duplex: full
- speed : 100Mb/s vi cng fast Ethernet v 10Mbps vi cng ethernet
Trn mi Router, hy tin hnh nh tuyn tnh mi mng c th lin lc vi
tt c cc mng cn li (Lu : nh tuyn tt c cc ng i c th i ti
mng ch)
Tin hnh kim tra:
- Kim tra bng nh tuyn ca mi router bng cu lnh : show ip route
- Kim tra s lin thng gia cc mng bng cu lnh : ping a ch ip ch ( v
d: t router 0 tin hnh ping 172.16.9.5)
- Kim tra ng i c th ti mt ip ch bng cu lnh: traceroute a ch ip
ch ( v d: t router 0 tin hnh traceroute 172.16.9.5, xem v gii thch kt
qu)
Tin hnh cu hnh nh tuyn ng cho cc router theo giao thc RIP:
- Xa bng nh tuyn tnh thit lp cho cc router bng cu lnh : clear ip
route *
- nh tuyn ng cho cc router theo giao thc RIP:
V d: Router 0 (config) # router rip
#version 2
#network 10.0.0.0
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#no auto-sumary
#exit
Kim tra thng tin nh tuyn .
b. Hng dn thc hin
Thit lp thng scho cc cng ca cc Router:
- Router0: C 3 cng f0/0, f0/1 v e0/0/0
- Router1:
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- Router2: 3 cng
- Router3:
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Trn mi router, tin hnh nh tuyn tnh mi mng c thlin lc vi tt
ccc mng cn li:
- Router0
- Router1
- Router2
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- Router3
Tin hnh kim tra:
- Kim tra bng nh tuyn ca mi router bng cu lnh: show ip route
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- Kim tra s lin thng gia cc mng bng cu lnh: ping a ch IP ch
V d:
T router1 ping n a ch 172.16.9.5
T router1 ping n a ch 172.16.20.4:
- Kim tra ng i c th ti mt IP ch bng cu lnh: traceroute a ch IP ch
:
V d: t router3 tin hnh traceroute 10.10.10.1
Tin hnh cu hnh nh tuyn ng cho cc router theo giao thc RIP:
- Xo bng nh tuyn tnh thit lp cho cc router bng cu lnh: clear ip route
*
- nh tuyn ng cho cc router theo giao thc RIP:
+ Router0
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+Router1
+ Router2
+Router3
Kim tra thng tin nh tuyn
- Kim tra bng nh tuyn ca mi router bng cu lnh: show ip route
+ Router0
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+Router1:
+Router2:
+Router3:
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- Kim tra s lin thng gia cc mng bng cu lnh:ping <a ch IP ch>
V d: t router1 tin hnh ping 172.16.9.5
- Kim tra ng i c th ti mt IP ch bng cu lnh:
traceroute <a ch IP ch>
T router1 tin hnh traceroute 192.16.9.5
T router 3 tin hnh traceroute 10.10.10.1
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3. QUN L IOS V TP TIN CU HNH
a. Yu cu
Xy dng h thng mng nh hnh v:
t thng s cho cc thit b trn mng:
- a ch IP: nh trn s , (ch chn ng thng s Default gateway cho
cc my tnh)
- duplex: auto
- speed : auto
Tin hnh nh tuyn cho cc router cc my tnh c th lin lc c vi
nhau. Kim tra s lin thng trong mng bng cc lnh ping. (V d t PC1 thc
hin ping 210.30.7.2)
Tt ngun 2 router, sau m ngun li, tin hnh kim tra cc thng tin sau v
gii thch kt qu:
- Kim tra thng s thit lp cho cc cng.
- Kim tra thng tin nh tuyn ca mi router.
- Kim tra s lin thng trong mng (ping t PC1 ti PC3 v ngc li).
Tin hnh cu hnh li cc cho cc Router nh bc 2 v 3 cc my tnh c
th lin lc vi nhau nh ban u.
Hy lu li thng tin cu hnh cho cc Router vo NVRam ca chng (dng
cu lnh copy run start). Sau tin hnh li bc s 4 v gii thch kt qu.
Thc hin sao lu cc tp tin startup-config ca cc Router ln my tnh:
- Copy file startup-config ca Router R0 ln tftp server (Server1) v t tn l
startup-config-R0
- Copy file startup-config ca Router R1 ln tftp server (Server0) v t tn l
startup-config-R1
- Hng dn : s dng cu lnh copy startup-config tftp
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Trn mi Router, tin hnh xa tp tin khi ng ( dng lnh erase startup-
config) sau khi ng li Router (dng lnh reload). Kim tra cc thng tin
nh bc 4 v gii thch kt qu.
Thc hin copy li cc file cu hnh sao lu trn cc my server xung cc
router ( copy file startup-config-R0 xung Router 0, file startup-config-R1
xung Router 1). Khi ng li cc router, kim tra cc thng tin nh bc 4
v gii thch kt qu.
i vi mi router:
- Hy xem thng tin v tp tin IOS (tn file, phin bn). Hng dn: dng cu
lnh show flash
- Copy IOS ca Router 0 ln my tftp sever (my Server 1 trong s ) v IOS
ca Router 1 ln tftp server (my Server 0 trong s ) to bn IOS sao lu.
b. Hng dn thc hin
Cu hnh cho cc my tnh:
PC0:
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Tin hnh thit lp tng t cho cc thit bcn li
Cu hnh cho Router0, Router1:
Router0:
Fa0/0:
IP: 151.10.2.6/16
Duplex: auto
Speed: auto
Fa0/1:
IP: 192.168.1.1/24
Duplex: auto
Speed: auto
Router1:
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Fa0/0:
IP: 210.30.7.1/24
Duplex: auto
Speed: auto
Fa0/1:
IP: 192.168.1.2/24
Duplex: auto
Speed: auto
nh tuyn cho cc router cc my tnh c thlin lc c vi nhau.
nh tuyn cho Router0:
nh tuyn cho Router1:
- Kim tra s lin thng trong mng bng lnh Ping
T PC3 thc hin ping 210.30.7.2
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Sinh vin thc hin tip cc yu cu ca bi, bo co v gii thch kt qu
t c.