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Reference (apr02)
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Soil and Asphalt
Compaction
Demolition
Utility
Concrete Technology
Basics
7
Reference (apr02)
WNA/TCE - ws
Concrete technology
Internal and external vibrators, inverters, trowels, wet screeds, rebar cutters
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Reference (apr02)
WNA/TCE - ws
Concrete technology
What is concrete?
Concrete a man-made (artificial) stone
Components a mixture of cement, aggregates and water and often ad-
mixtures (retardants, accelerators, plasticizers, etc.)
Hydration Concrete solidifies and hardens after mixing with water due
to a chemical process known as hydration. The water
reacts with the cement, which bonds the other components
together, eventually creating a stone-like material.
Reinforcement Reinforced concrete is concrete in which steel reinforce-
ment bars (rebars") or fibers have been embedded to
strengthen a material that would otherwise not stand the
tensile strengths.
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Reference (apr02)
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Concrete technology
Why does concrete need to be vibrated?
Freshly placed, uncompacted concrete is
usually full of entrapped air bubbles.
Concrete will only achieve a high compres-
sive strength and density with minimum air
content through the use of mechanical
means, i. e. the introduction of high-
frequency (fast, repetitive) vibrations.
Only in this way can concrete meet todays
requirements in terms of strength and
density.
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Reference (apr02)
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Concrete technology
Why does concrete need to be vibrated?
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Reference (apr02)
WNA/TCE - ws
Concrete technology
What actually happens during concrete vibration?
The high-frequency vibrations generated
by the vibrator are transmitted to the
components of the fresh concrete.
Frictional forces between individual
particles are substantially reduced.
A flow process is created.
Air bubbles, excess water and paste
entrapped through capillary action and
surface tensions are released and
escape to the surface.
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Reference (apr02)
WNA/TCE - ws
Concrete technology
Advantages of concrete vibration
Greater density and homogeneity
Greater compressive strength
Greater durability (e. g. de-icing salt)
Better bond with rebar, particularly in
densely reinforced sections
Better bond between the individually
weton wetplaced layers
Improved quality exposed (fair-faced)
surfaces
Makes possible use of drier mixtures,
thus requiring less cement
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Reference (apr02)
WNA/TCE - ws
Concrete technology
Concrete vibration: tips and tricks
Know your effective compaction diameter:
For practical purposes and as rule of thumb consider the operating
diameter to be approx. 10 times the vibrator head housing diameter.
10 x
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Reference (apr02)
WNA/TCE - ws
Concrete technology
Maintain correct spacing when compacting large surfaces
correct
wrong
formwork
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Reference (apr02)
WNA/TCE - ws
Concrete technology
Correct spacing when vibrating fresh concrete in walls
Internal vibrators with 30 (1.2), 38 (1 ) and 45 mm (1.8) should not
be used due to poor or non-existing overlapping of the effective com-
paction . This will lead to a faulty or uneconomical vibration process.
40 cm
30 45
38
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Reference (apr02)
WNA/TCE - ws
Concrete technology
Correct spacing when vibrating fresh concrete in walls
For greater effective compaction and for more convenient, economical
compaction (less insertions, less time) preferably use only
vibrators with diameters 57 or 65 mm, provided the rebar allows it.
The concrete will be compacted faultlessly thanks to the overlapping
40 cm
65 57
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Reference (apr02)
WNA/TCE - ws
Concrete technology
Layer depths when vibrating fresh concrete
Practical experience has shown that
evenly and horizontally spread
layers of
provide the best results in
concrete compaction.
approx. 50 cm
(20 ) thickness
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Reference (apr02)
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Soil and Asphalt
Compaction
Demolition
Utility
Concrete Technology
Internal
vibrators
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Reference (apr02)
WNA/TCE - ws
Concrete technology
Concrete vibrating equipment: Internal vibrators
High frequency
30, 38, 45, 57k, 57 + 65 mm
IRFU IRSEN-FU
38, 45 + 57 mm
IREN
30, 38, 45, 57k, 57 + 65 mm
IRSEN
30, 38, 45, 57k + 57 mm
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Reference (apr02)
WNA/TCE - ws
Concrete technology
Concrete vibrating equipment: Internal vibrators
30, 38, 45, 57k, 57 + 65 mm
IRFU
High frequency internal vibrators advantages
IREN
30, 38, 45, 57k, 57 + 65 mm
High, constant compaction performance
Practical handling
Long-lasting design
Nearly maintenance-free
Protective hose with extra lengths
Low weight
Wide product range
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Reference (apr02)
WNA/TCE - ws
Concrete technology
Concrete vibrating equipment: Internal vibrators
Compressed air
PIR
35, 55 + 75 mm
Modular system
HMS
25, 35, 45, 50, 55 + 65 mm
For occasional concrete applications
Excellent compaction performance
Needs a compressor to operate
Problematic operation during winter season
Flexible through modular design
Attractive pricing
High flexible shaft wear
Uncomfortable handling due to rigidity of flex
shaft
High manpower costs
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Reference (apr02)
WNA/TCE - ws
Soil and Asphalt
Compaction
Demolition
Utility
Concrete Technology
External
vibrators
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Reference (apr02)
WNA/TCE - ws
Concrete technology
Concrete vibrating equipment: External vibrators
External vibrators
usually are firmly attached to the formwork in
precast concrete factories or on job sites
The compacting energy
generated by eccentric weights is transmit-
ted from the vibrator through the formwork
into the concrete.
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Reference (apr02)
WNA/TCE - ws
Concrete technology
Concrete vibrating equipment: External vibrators
Application areas
typically in precast concrete factories
repetitive elements, such as prefab
columns, walls, beams, etc.
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Reference (apr02)
WNA/TCE - ws
Concrete technology
Concrete vibrating equipment: External vibrators
Application areas
and on job sites for
elements with compli-
cated designs such as
e.g. slanted surfaces
very narrow elements
elements with very
narrowly placed rebar
elements with large
openings
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Reference (apr02)
WNA/TCE - ws
Concrete technology
Concrete vibrating equipment: External vibrators
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Reference (apr02)
WNA/TCE - ws
Concrete technology
Concrete vibrating equipment: External vibrators
28
Reference (apr02)
WNA/TCE - ws
Concrete technology
Concrete vibrating equipment: External vibrators
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Reference (apr02)
WNA/TCE - ws
Concrete technology
Concrete vibrating equipment: External vibrators
Application areas
modern applications with fair-faced quality
surface finish
where a high quality of the surface is
demanded
where no pockets with fines or air
allowed
where consistent, fine-grained
surfaces required
where individual layers should not be
discernible
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Reference (apr02)
WNA/TCE - ws
Concrete technology
Concrete vibrating equipment: External vibrators
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Reference (apr02)
WNA/TCE - ws
Concrete technology
Concrete vibrating equipment: External vibrators
32
Reference (apr02)
WNA/TCE - ws
Concrete technology
Concrete vibrating equipment: External vibrators
ARFU 36
flexible for individual applications
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Reference (apr02)
WNA/TCE - ws
Concrete technology
Concrete vibrating equipment: External vibrators
Hungary
Krshegy bridge, the longest interurban bridge in Central Europe
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Reference (apr02)
WNA/TCE - ws
Concrete technology
Concrete vibrating equipment: External vibrators
AR 36
flexible for individual applications, here
Rental
35
Reference (apr02)
WNA/TCE - ws
Soil and Asphalt
Compaction
Demolition
Utility
Concrete Technology
Converters
and
inverters
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Reference (apr02)
WNA/TCE - ws
Concrete technology
Concrete vibrating equipment: Converters and inverters
1938
Wacker is the first company in the world
to patent and introduce
65 V safety voltage
for internal and later external vibrators
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Reference (apr02)
WNA/TCE - ws
Concrete technology
Concrete vibrating equipment: Converters and inverters
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Reference (apr02)
WNA/TCE - ws
Concrete technology
Concrete vibrating equipment: Converters and inverters
Mechanical converters
FU series, e.g. FU 4/200 -> 3,8 kVA
from 20,6 to 69 A, 42 V, 200 Hz output
Inverters (electronic converters) *
FUE series, e.g. FUE 5/042/200 -> 3,8 kVA
from 6 to 145 A, 42 or 250 V, 200 Hz output
* available for all standard international input voltages and frequencies
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Reference (apr02)
WNA/TCE - ws
Soil and Asphalt
Compaction
Demolition
Utility
Concrete Technology
Trowels
40
Reference (apr02)
WNA/TCE - ws
Concrete technology
Strike-off, floating and surface troweling equipment: Trowels
Surface quality, hard and flat
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Reference (apr02)
WNA/TCE - ws
Concrete technology
Strike-off, floating and surface troweling equipment: Trowels
Blade
arm
Blades or floating
pan (blade end)
Direction of
rotation
Blade angle=0
First phase 1: Wet surface
Last phase: Plastic to hard
Blade
arm
Direction
of rotation
Combination or
finishing blades
(blade end)
Blade angle=20 - 30
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Reference (apr02)
WNA/TCE - ws
Concrete technology
Strike-off, floating and surface troweling equipment: Trowels
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Reference (apr02)
WNA/TCE - ws
Concrete technology
Strike-off, floating and surface troweling equipment: Trowels
44
Reference (apr02)
WNA/TCE - ws
Concrete technology
Strike-off, floating and surface troweling equipment: Trowels
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Reference (apr02)
WNA/TCE - ws
Concrete technology
Strike-off, floating and surface troweling equipment: Trowels
Edging trowels
CT
Troweling - 24
(610 mm)
Drives: - Honda 4-cylce engine
- Electric drive
Handles - 1 version
Hand-held trowels
CT
Troweling - 36 and 48
(915 mm + 1220 mm)
Drives: - Honda 4-cylce engine
- Wacker 4-cycle engine
- Electric drive
Handles - 6 versions
Ride-on trowels
CRT
Troweling - 2 x 36 , 2 x 48
(2 x 915 mm, 2 x 1220 mm)
Drives - Honda 4-cycle engine
- Wacker 4-cycle engine
- B & S Vanguard 4-cycle engine
- Lombardini diesel
Wheel set - integrated in CRT 36
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Reference (apr02)
WNA/TCE - ws
Soil and Asphalt
Compaction
Demolition
Utility
Concrete Technology
Wet
screeds
47
Reference (apr02)
WNA/TCE - ws
Concrete technology
Spreading, screeding and surface compacting equipment: Wet screed
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Reference (apr02)
WNA/TCE - ws
Concrete technology
Spreading, screeding and surface compacting equipment: Wet screed
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Reference (apr02)
WNA/TCE - ws
Concrete technology
Spreading, screeding and surface compacting equipment: Wet screed
Wet screed
P 35
Blade lengths - 1,2 1,5 1,8 2,0 2,4
3,0 3,7 4,3 4,9
Drives - Honda 4-cycle gasoline engine
Centrifugal force - 7 settings
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Reference (apr02)
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Soil and Asphalt
Compaction
Demolition
Utility
Concrete Technology
Rebar
cutters
51
Reference (apr02)
WNA/TCE - ws
Concrete technology
On site rebar cutting and bending: Rebar cutters
52
Reference (apr02)
WNA/TCE - ws
Concrete technology
On site rebar cutting and bending: Rebar cutters
53
Reference (apr02)
WNA/TCE - ws
Concrete technology
On site rebar cutting and bending: Rebar cutters
R
e
b
a
r

c
u
t
t
e
r
s
RCE 16/230 20/230 25/230 *
RCP 12/230 - 16/230 20/230 25/230 32/230 *
Patented features: Interchangeable head mechanism
Various handles
Complete product range for almost all the usual rebar
diameters
Relief valve can be opened without tools (lever)
High cutting performance
Attractive, competitive price
Fixed handle
Only shearing head
Pressure relief valve can only be opened with
separate tool (Allen key)
Low operating weight
High cutting performance
Cutting : 16 25 mm
Cutting : 12 32 mm
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Reference (apr02)
WNA/TCE - ws
Soil and Asphalt
Compaction
Demolition
Utility
Concrete Technology
Rebar tying
machine
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Reference (apr02)
WNA/TCE - ws
Concrete technology
On site rebar tie-down: Rebar tying machine
Rebar tying machine DF-16
for the quick and ergonomic tying of
reinforcing steel bars (rebar) on the job site.
The purpose of the tie-down is to develop a
stiff skeleton, a so-called reinforcing cage.
Tie-down performance up to: 1000 knots/h
Min. outside diameter: 5 +6 mm
Max. outside diameter: 16 +16 mm
Min. clearance reinforcement : 15 20 mm
Tie wires per wire strip: 77
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Reference (apr02)
WNA/TCE - ws
Concrete technology
On site rebar tie-down: Rebar tying machine
Rebar tying machine DF-16
for the quick and ergonomic tying of
reinforcing steel bars (rebar) on the job site.
The purpose of the tie-down is to develop a
stiff skeleton, a so-called reinforcing cage.
Dimensions: 720 x 60 x 85 mm
Weight: 2,2 kg
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Reference (apr02)
WNA/TCE - ws
Concrete technology
On site rebar tie-down: Rebar tying machine
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Reference (apr02)
WNA/TCE - ws
Concrete technology
On site rebar tie-down: Rebar tying machine
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Reference (apr02)
WNA/TCE - ws
Concrete technology
On site rebar tie-down: Rebar tying machine
Tie-down procedure Work sequence
Clearance under rebar: min 15 20 mm
1 2
3
4
5 6
Load tie wire Position Bending Finished knot Pull Push
Always position unit vertically