, : .

.
.

[6] .

, .

:
.

[6].

( ).

,
[9] . MKE resetka plasticnost 1.0.

MKE resetka plasticnost 1.0.

Abaqus
.

1. ................................................................................................................................... ...3
2. ...........................................................................................4
3. 5
3.1. ........................................................................................... 5
3.2. ................................................................................. 9
4. ......................................................................................................................10
4.1. () .......................................................10
4.2. () ................................................................12
5. - ................................................................13
5.1. ..............................................................................................13
5.2. .........................................................................................14
6. .........................................16
6.1. ....................................................................................16
6.2. - .................................................................................17
6.3. - ......................................................18
7. ..............19
8. MKE resetka plasticnost 1.0..20
8.1. .......................................................................................21
8.1.1. 1. ........................................................................................21
8.1.2. 2. ........................................................................................24
9. Abaqus............................................................................27
10. .........................................................................................................................32
11. ....................................................................................................................... 33-43
.............................................................................................................................44

1.
.
:
1. , ;
2. (
);
3. - ,
(
).
3.
( ).
:
, ,
.

.
.
, .


.
, .
: .
. ,
,
.

. [3]
,
,
.
[1]
+.

2.
.
.
() . .
() .
. [6]
:
-

1.

-

. .
, p .

, :
= 0 < 0
0 = 0

, = 0
( .
).

,
(. ).
.

3.
3.1.


n.
.
:
x
T = yx
zx

xy
y
zy

xz
yz
z

(1.1)

T
. .
xy = yx , xz = zx , yz = zy .

, ( 2.).

,
.

2.

pn .
pn = n T
pn ( 3.)
(1.2)
.
:
pnx = x ax + xy ay + xz az
pny = yx ax + y ay + yz az

(1.2)

pnz = zx ax + zy ay + z az

3. pn n

pn n ,
:
n = pnx ax + pny ay + pnz az

(1.3)

(1.2) (1.3):
n = x a2x + y a2y + z a2z + 2xy ax ay + 2yz ay az + 2zx az ax (1.4)

:
=

p2n 2n

p2n = p2nx + p2ny + p2nz

(1.5)
(1.6)

Ako je pn n , . n
, pn
n ,
.
pn = n

(1.7)

(1.7)
(1.2). :
x ax + xy ay + xz az = 0
yx ax + ay + yz az = 0

(1.8)

zx ax + zy ay + z az = 0

(1.8)
:
a2x + a2y + a2z = 1
,
.

, :
3 I1 2 + I2 I3 = 0

(1.9)

I1 , I2 , I3 .
:

I1 = 1 + 2 + 3
I2 = 1 2 + 2 3 + 3 1

(1.10)

I3 = 1 2 3

.

( 4.).
:
=

1
2
2 1

4. ( )

. :
= D + S

:
x p
= T S =

2 yx
1

2 zx

2 xy
y p
1

2 zy

2 xz
1

2 yz

(1.11)

z p

S =

m
0
0

0
m
0

0
0
m

(1.12)

m ,
1

: m = p = 3 1 + 2 + 3 = 3 I1
8

3.2.
:
1

2 xy

T =

2 yx
1

2 zx

2 xz
1

2 yz

2 zy

, :
3 I1 2 + I2 I3 = 0
: I1 , I2 , I3 - .
I1 = + + = const.

I2 = 1

yx

xy

1
2

1
2
1
2

zy

yx

1
2

xy

2
1

zx

yz

I3 =

zy

zx

xz

= const.

xz
yz = const.

T D :
T = + D

= 0
0

0
0 , D =

2 yx
1

2 zx

2 xy

2 zy

2 xz
1

2 yz

:
-
D -

4.


, .
:
1) : f = f I1 , I2 , I3
2) : f = f I2 , I3 ,
I1 = 0
3)
( ): f = f I2
.
f = f I2

4.1. ( )

Wobl

.
f :
f = I2 k 2 = 0

(1.13)

I2 (1.10). (1.13)

k . k :
k=

1
3

(1.14)

.
:
k = y
.
:

10

f=

1 2

+ 2 3
2

+ 3 1

y = 0

(1.15)

:
ekv =

3 I2 D =

1
2

x y

+ y z

+ z x

+ 6 2xy + 2yz + 2zx

= y

ekv = y

-

(1.15)
5.

5.

.
3 = 0 (1.15) :
f = 2 2 + 1 2 1 2 y 2 = 0

(1.16)

11

6. , (1.16)

4.2. ( )
.
y
.
:
f = 1 3 y = 0

(1.17)

( 1.17 )
:

f = 1 3 y < 0

7.

12

5. -


. .
.

.

5.1.
.
:
1234-

.
.

( 8.).
.
.
( 9.) [6].

8.

13

9.

5.2.

.
()
10 / ,
.
0 ,
0 ,
.
,
,
.
:
, ,
: , .[5]

14

10. -

.
GA 240/360, ,
20 25 %, ,
, 5 10%.

( 11).

11. - (
)

15

:
- , - , - ( )
H.

6.

6.1.
Fi . qi
:
K T(i1) qi = Fi
qi = qi1 + qi

12.

16

6.2.
0 je . q1 F
:
K T(0) q1 = F
:
K T(0) = K T(d 0 ) - .
q1
F . .
r1 = R q1 F
:
K T(1) = K T (q1 )
:
K T(1) 1 = r1 , 2 = 1 + 1
r2 = R q2 F 0
R F.
13.

13. -

17

14.

14. -

6.3.
-

.

15. -

18

7.

1. n , np , n
2.

n1 n n
3.

nprobno
E n1 np
1
npprobno
np
1
nprobno
n
1

fnprobno
nprobno
y H n
1
1

, :
- fnprobno
0
1

n1 nprobno
1
C ep E

- fnprobno
0 , -,
1
4
4. -
f probno
n 1
E H

E
n1 1 probno
n 1

nprobno
1

np1 np sgn nprobno

n1 n
C ep

EH
E H

.
16.
(return mapping).

19

16.

8. M K E resetka plasticnost 1.0

MKE resetka plasticnost 1.0
Wolfram
Mathematica.
[9].

. f() , ,
:
f =
:

, ,
. ,
.
, ,
. ,

20

.
.
,
f=0 .

f=0 .
-
, .
( ), 6. .
MKE resetka plasticnost 1.0 :
1-
2-
3-
, [7].
8.1.
8.1.1. 1.
17,
. 20
. 18,
19.
20, 21
22-23. 22-23.

17.

21

18. , 10:1

19. [kPa]

22

1
0.9
0.8

0.7
u15
0.6
u22

0.5

u23

0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0
0

0.01

0.02

0.03

0.04

0.05

0.06

0.07

0.08

[m]
20.
300000

250000

[kPa]

200000

150000

100000

50000

0
0

0.005

0.01

0.015

0.02

[%]
21. 22-23

23

8.1.2. 2.
22,
. 20
. 23,
24.
25 26
22-23, 27
13-15. .
12-14, 13-15 22-23.

22.

23. , 10:1

24

24. [kPa]

1
0.9

0.8
0.7
0.6
0.5

v14

0.4

u21

0.3

u8

0.2
0.1
0
0

0.01

0.02

0.03

0.04

0.05

0.06

0.07

0.08

[m]
25.

25

300000

[kPa]

250000
200000
150000
100000
50000
0
0

0.002

0.004

0.006

0.008

0.01

0.012

0.014

0.016

0.018

[%]
26. 20-23

300000

[kPa]

250000
200000
150000
100000
50000
0
0

0.002

0.004

0.006

0.008

0.01

0.012

0.014

[%]
27. 13-15

MKE resetka plasticnost 1.0 Abaqus-a

( )
.

26

9. A b a q u s
1. 8.
Parts. 2D,
Deformabile, Wire.

Continue...
. .
,
Create Construction: Horizontal Line, Create Construction: Vertical Line,
Create Construction: Line at an Angle.
Create
Lines: Connected .

. Materials

.

27

: Mechanical Elasticity Elastic,

Young's Modulus = 210 000 000 kN/m.

: Mechanicl Plasticty Plastic,
.
Yield Stress = 240 000 kN/m,
Plastic Strain .
.
= 210 000 000/2
=

= 1 341 380 /2
+
= 240 000 /2
= 400 000 /2

= 0.118519

: 0,118519

.
Create Section Beam Truss Continue Cross-sectional area-
0.000757.
, Crosssection area- 0.000492.
:
Parts(1) Luk na tri zgloba Section Assignments,
1 ( SHIFT)
, Done, Section-1.
2. Done.

28

:
Assembly Instances ok
Step 1:
Steps(1) Static,General Continue...
Incrementation: (Initial=0.1, Maximum=0.1) ok

Step(1) :
:
BCs Displacement/RotationContinue...
Done, U1=0,
U2=0 . .
:
Loads Mechanical , Concentrated force
Continue... 10kN Done
CF2=-10 OK. .
.
SeedPart Apptoximate global size =1Done

29

MeshElement Type Done TrussOK

MeshPartYes
:
JobsContinue... OK
Jobs(1) Job(1) SubmitOK
je :
Job-1(Completed) Results
Create XY DataODB field outputContinue... Unique Nodal, Spatial
displacement U1, U2 Element/NodesEdit Selection
Done Plot.
X Y .

30

:
XY Data Manager .

X
.

, Unique nodal
Element nodal, Spatial displacment Strain components
E11Elements/Nodes, DonePlot.

31

10.

.

.

. ,
() .
, .
resetka plasticnost 1.0.

.
.
.

.
[2] ,

, [2]
.

.

32

11.
:
resetka plasticnost 1.0

33


[1] Jiang,Y. & Wang,C . ''On Teaching Finite Element Method in Plasticity With
Mathematica, Computer Applications in Engineering Education'', 16(3), (2008),
233-242.
[2] . , , , , 2005
[3] . , , , , 2008
[4] . , , , , 2005
[5] . , . , , , ,
1990
[6] Louie, L.Yaw. ''Nonlinear Static-1D Plasticity Various Forms of Isotropic
Hardening'', Walla Walla University, 2012.
[7] . , ,
, , 2007
[8] . ,
, : ,
, , ,
, 2013
[9]https://sites.google.com/site/metodkonacnihelemenata/
[10] Abaqus, Theory manual, version 6.7, Dassault systems, 2007