isij&kk Hkkx&5

v/;k;&2& ifjHkk"kk,a fu;e&7

71 vk;q & vk;q ls vk'k; ml frfFk ls gS ftlds vk/kkj ij ,d O;fDr
jkT; lsok esa izos'k djus ds ;ksX; vFkok v;ksX; gks tkrk gS vFkok
vkxs kfo!; esa jkT; lsok esa ug"a j#kk tk ldrk$ ;f% fdl" de&'kj"
dks viu" ok(rfod t)e frfFk *kr ug"a gks rks lkek); fo+k"; ,oa ,s#kk
fu;e -./ ds vuqlkj t)e f%ukad fu0u izf1;kuqlkj fu/kk&fjr d" tkosx"$
deZpkjh dh lsok iqfLdk esa vafd !"e ff#k ij ikj$%khZ &si
'xk(Z !kos)
vk$s%k f$ukad 21*+2*2+12
2-3 vxj de&'kj" dso, t)e o!k& 4rk lds rks ml t)e o!k d" -tq,k5&
rFkk t)e o!k& rFkk ekg %ksuksa 4rk lds rks ml t)e o!k& ds lkFk
ekg d" -6 rkj"#k t)e f%uakd eku" tkosx"$
2/3 vxj de&'kj" dso, viu" l0kkfor vk;q g" 4rk lds rks ml
l0kkfor vk;q esa ls mld" lsok vof/k de djds t)e f%ukad dk
fu/kk&j7k fd;k tkosxk$
fu,kZ; & lsok kax dks tks89us:t)e rkj"#k esa ifjor&u djus d"
dk;&okg" lsokfuo;f+k ds r"u o!k& i<o& iz(rqr fd;k tkuk vfuok;& gS
v);Fkk ml ij dks5& fo'kj ug"a fd;k tkosxk$ 2/=>?@>-A6- Bkjk
tks89k x;k3
72i-f%k.kq/i-f%k.k,kk#khZ )ppe$!i0e &,slk O;fDr ftldk
';u fdl" jktd"; fokkx esa fu;qfDr %ssus ds mCs'; ls fd;k tkos rFkk
izf'kDk7k dk, esa ,d fuf''r jkf'k o;fErdk 2(Fk5G783 ds Hi izkIr djs
vkSj tks osru ds Hi esa ug"a gks$
71 lafo/kku& lafo/kku ls rkEi;& kkjr"; x7kjkT; ds lafo/kku ls
gS$
72 laoxZ 3ade & laox& ls vk'k;J fdl" lsok esa fuf''r Hi ls
(o"d;r mu (Fkk;" i%ksa d" la#;k ls gS ftuds fu;qfDrJ i%ks)ufrJ
ofj!Krk vkf% ds f,;s fof'k!F lsok fu;e 4us gq, gS$
72, pq#kZ 4s,kh lsok& 3o5pe$se!a' )llo6a$0e &
Dkfri<jd k+ks ls vk'k; ,sls k+ks ls gS tks de&'kj" dks muds Bkjk
fo'ks!k ifjf(Fkfr esa O;fDrxr Hi ls fd;s x;s O;; d" izfri<fr& gsrq f%;k
tkrk gS tSls fd ;kLk k+kk:f'fdElk ifj';k&:edku fdjk;k
k+kk:'kgj" Dkfri<fr& k+kk 5E;kf%$ ij)rq 5lesa lEdkj k+kk
lf0ef,r ug"a gS$
77 l.ke vf/kdkjh 3o5pe!e$! )u!hoi!' & lDke izkf/kdkj" ls
vk'k; jkt(Fkku ds jkT;ik, ,oa v); ,sls vf/kdkfj;ksa ls gS ft)gs
jkT;ik, Bkjk 5u fu;eksa ds v)rx&r vf/kdkj:'kfDr iz%ku d" tkos
2ifjf'k!F IX kkx /3
77 lafp fuf/k 3o$solida!e #u$d & laf'r fuf/k ls rkEi;&
lafo/kku d" /kkjk /66 2-3 d" vuqik,uk esa xfKr jkT; d" laf'r fuf/k
ls gS$
78 dZ9; :u!' & dr&O; esa fu0ukafdr vof/k lf0ef,r gksr"
gS$
2-3 ok(ro esa l0ikf%r dr&O; 28M;<F"3 2/3 ifjo"Dkk/k"u vFkok
f'kDkkFk"& 2vijsf)Fl3 ds Hi esa d" x;" lsok vxj mlds rqj)r 4k%
fu;fer lsok esa (Fkk;" Hi ls fu;qDr dj f%;k tkrk gS$ 2.3 i%kkj xzg7k
djus ds f,;s (o"d;r ,oa %s; vof/k 2@3 vodk'k o vodk'k ls ,kSFus ds
4k% fdl" i% ij i%(Fkkiu ds 4"' d" vof/k vxj dks5& gks$ 2N3
vk%s'kksa esa izr"Dkk d" vof/k 263 izks4s'kuj izf'kDk7kkFk"&
2O3 t;iqj vkSj tks/kiqj ds dks!kkxkjksa dk dk;&kkj lakk,us ds
l04)/k esa vf/kdre lkr f%ol rFkk v); dks!kkxkjksa esa . f%ol dk le;
dr&O; ds Hi esa fxuk tkosxk$
780 k (l fu;e ds ; jk<; ljdkj ,d fof%k"& vk$s%k
!kjh dj fdlh Hkh i-dkj ds i-f%k.k,k dks dZ9; dh vof/k ekuus
dh =kks"k,kk dj ldh ;>$ jkt(Fkku lsok fu;e #k78 / ds ifjf'k!F 2
IX3 ds 1ekad 2 i3 ds vuqlkj fu0ukafdr 'krs& i<7k& gksus ij
izf'kDk7k dks dr&O; esa lf0ef,r ekuk tkrk gS$
2-3 t4 jkT; de&'kj" dks ,sls izf'kDk7k vFkok fu%s&'ku ds f,;s
kstuk ljdkj ds f,;s vfuok;& gks$
2/3 izf'kDk7k O;olkf;d vFkok rdu"d" fo!k;ksa ls l04f)/kr ug"a
gks '<afd mDr lkek); v/;;u vodk'k ls fu;fer gksrk gS$
2.3 izf'kDk7k d" vof/k ,d o!k& ls vf/kd ug"a gks$
780 kk ;f% dks5& O;fDr tks kkjro!k& ds fdl" foP
k,;:egkfoPk,; vFkok fo'ofoPk,; esa QkLo;f+k izkIr djrs gq, ;k
v);Fkk dks5& izf'kDk7k izkIr dj jgk gS vkSj ml izf'kDk7k d" lekfIr ds
rqj)r i''krM og jktd"; lsok ikus dk vf/kdkj" gks rks ,sls izf'kDk7k
vof/k ds i<7k& djus rFkk jktd"; lsok esa fu;qDr gksus ds 4"' d"
vof/k dr&O; d" vof/k esa lf0ef,r gksx"$
780 kkk ;f% dks5& O;fDr tks fd jkT; lsok esa izFke
fu;qfDr ds le; lDke izkf/kdkj" ds fu%s&'kkuqlkj dg"a mif(Fkfr %srk
gS ij)rq fdl" fof'k!F i% ij fu;qDr ug"a fd;k tkrk rks ,sl" mif(Fkfr rFkk
fof'k!F i% ij fu;qfDr ds 4"' d" vof/k dr&O; eku" tkosx"$ fo?k
foHkkx ds vk$s%k f$ukad 2@*+2*2+12 ds vuqlkj 1+ f$ol ls
vf/kd i$L#kkiu vk$s%k dh i-h.kk esa j;us ij ekuuh;
eqA;eaBh e;ks$; ls f%kf#k'k vko%;d ;>)
780 iv vxj dks5& de&'kj" lDke izkf/kdkj" d" vuqefr ls
fdl" ,sl" fokkx"; ij"Dkk esa mif(Fkr gksrk gS ftlds m+k"7k& djus
ls mld" dk;& dq'k,rk esa o;fR gksr" gS rks ,sl" ij"Dkk gsrq vkus
tkus dk le; rFkk ,sl" ij"Dkk d" vof/k dr&O; d" vof/k esa lf0ef,r
gksx"$
780 v fdl" lDke izkf/kdkj" d" (o"d;fr ls fdl" v); izdkj
d" ,sfSQd ij"Dkk d" vof/k rFkk ij"Dkk(Fk, rd vkus tkus dk le; dr&O;
ekuk tkosxk$
fu,kZ;& jk!FT"; vdk%e" vFkok jk!FT"; la(Fkku tks izf'kDk7k ds f,;s
kkjr ljdkj vFkok kkjr ljdkj Bkjk izk;ksftr vf#k, kkjr"; (rj ds
la(Fkkuksa Bkjk ',k;s tkrs gS rks muesa vkk;sftr lsfeukj vFkok
O;k#;ku esa kkx ,sus dk le; jkt(Fkku lsok fu;e O2=3 ds vuqlkj
dr&O; ekuk tk ldrk gS 4'krs& fd 2-3 eq#;k,; ls 4kgj f4rk;" x;" vof/k
lkr f%ol ls vf/kd ug"a gks rFkk 2/3 ;kLk O;; l04f)/kr la(Fkku Bkjk
'qdk;k tkos$
7@ %kqCd fee jkT; ljdkj d" laf'r fuf/k:v); jkT; ljdkj d"
laf'r fuf/k vFkok kkjr ljdkj d" laf'r fuf/k ds vfrfjDr v); fdl" (Lksr
ls 2v'kkld"; la(Fkk3 jkT; de&'kj" dks izkIr vkor&d vFkok vukor&d
kqxrku tks fdl" jkT; de&'kj" dks mlds Bkjk fd;s x;s vfrfjDr dk;& ds
4%,s esa izkIr gksrk gS$ 5lesa fu0ukafdr lf0ef,r ug"a gS$
2-3 l0if+k ls vk; 2edku:te"u fdjk;k vkf%3
2/3 ,kkka'k ,oa izfrk<fr;ksa ij U;kt ,oa
2.3 lkfgfE;d lka(d;frd ,oa d,kEed vkf% dk;&d,kiksa ls vk; ftlesa
de&'kj" Bkjk lsokdk, esa izkIr fd;s x;s *ku dk mi;ksx ug"a fd;k x;k
gks$
71+o>$sf%kd lsok #oei;$ >evi0e oS%sf'kd lsok ls
vk'k; ml lsok ls gS ftlesa ,d jkT; de&'kj" jkT; ljdkj d" laf'r fuf/k ls
osru ug"a izkIr djds v); v'kkld"; la(Fkk ls izkIr djrk gS$ 2jkt(Fkku
jkT; iFk ifjogu fuxe:jkt? d;f!k foi7ku 4ks8&:uxj fuxe vkf%3
71+, jk!ifB vf/kdkjh jktifLr vf/kdkj" i% esa fu0ukafdr
vf/kdkj" lf0ef,r gS&
2-3 vf#k, kkjr"; lsok ds vf/kdkj"
2/3 l">l"> fu;e -AN= d" vuql<'" - 2jkT; lsok3 esa %'kk&;s x;s
i%uke ok,s vf/kdkj"
2.3 vuq4)/k ds vk/kkj ij jktifLr ekus tkus ok,s vf/kdkj"
2@3 ,sls vf/kdkj" ftls jkT; ljdkj jktifLr Vkksf!krdjsa$ ifjf%k"& xii
Hkkx 2D jk<; lsok
71+0 vEZosu vodk%k vR& osru vodk'k ls rkEi;& fu;e A.
ds rgr vft&r fd;s x;s vodk'k ls gS$
711 foHkkxk/;.k Head of :ep!, fokkxk/;Dk ls rkEi;&
fdl" ,sls vf/kdkj" ls gS ftls jkT; ljdkj us 5u fu;eksa ds mCs'; ds f,;s
fokkxk/;Dk Vkksf!kr fd;k gS$ ifjf%k"& xiv Hkkx 2
712 lkoZ!fud vodk%k Fu(li0 Holida' vodk'k ls rkEi;&
usxksf'k,4, 5)(FTes)Fl ,DF ds v)rx&r Vkksf!kr vodk'k rFkk jkT;
ljdkj d" fo*fIr ds vuqlkj fdl" dk;k&,; fo'ks!k dks fdl" f%u fo'ks!k ds
f,;s dk;& ug"a djus gsrq 4)% Vkksf!kr dj f%;k x;k gks$ 5lesa ,sfSQd
vodk'k lf0ef,r ug"a gS$
711 eku$s; Ho$oaiu5 eku%s; ls vk'k; jkT; dks
de&'kj" dks jkT; ljdkj v); jkT; ljdkj vFkok kkjr ljdkj d" laf'r fuf/k ls
fdl" lkef;d vFkok dk" dkkj gksus ok,s dk;& ds f,;s fd;s tkus ok,s
vukor&d kqxrku ls gS$ eku%s; 2-.3 rFkk 'kqWd O2A3 esa eq#;
v)rj ;g gS fd eku%s; dk kqxrku laf'r fuf/k ls gksrk gS t4fd 'kqWd
dk kqxrku laf'r fuf/k ds vfrfjDr v); (Lksr ls 2v'kkld"; fuf/k ls3
712 i$Hkkj x-;,k dk' 4oi$i$; <i5e i%kkj xzg7k dk, ls
vk'k; ml le; ls gS tks fdl" ,d jkT; de&'kj" dks ,d i% ls fdl" %<ljs ij
(Fkkuk)rj7k gksus ij u;s i% ij dk;&kkj xzg7k djus ds f,;s f%;k tkrk
gS$
715 vodk%k Leave vodk'k 'kU% esa mikft&r vodk'kJ
vR&osru vodk'kJ Hik)rfjr vodk'kJ fo'ks!k vleFk&rk vodk'kJ v/;;u
vodk'kJ izl<fr vodk'kJ Xr;Eo vodk'kJ v(irk, vodk'kJ v%s; vodk'k rFkk
vlk/kkj7k vodk'k lf0ef,r gS$
717 vodk%k osu Leave >alaies vodk'k osru ls vk'k;
de&'kj" dks fdl" k" vodk'k ds %kSjku f%;s tkus ok,s ekYd osru ls
gS$
717 i$kf/kdkj Lie$ i%kf/kdkj ls rkEi;& fdl" jkT; de&'kj"
ds ,d (Fkk;" i% ds /kkj7k djus ds ml vf/kdkj ls gS ftls og ml i% ij viu"
e<, fu;qfDr ds ifj7kke(oHi izkIr djrk gS$ 5lesa lkof/k 2<e$ue i%
k" lf0ef,r gS ftl ij og (Fkk;" Hi ls fu;qDr fd;k x;k gS$
718 L#kkuh; fuf/k Lo0al #u$d (Fkku"; fuf/k ls rkEi;&
2d3 fofk)u fudk;ksa Bkjk izkIr ml jkt(o ls gS tks fdl" vf/kfu;e d"
'kfDr j#kus ok,s fu;eksa ds vk/kkj ij ljdkj ds fu;)L7k esa vkrk gS
'kgs og fu;)L7k fdl" lk/kkj7k ;k fo'ks!k eke,s esa dk;&okg" djus ds
l04)/k esa g" D;ksa u gksJ tSls mudk 4tF (o"dkj djukJ fof'k!F
i%ksa dk l;tu djuk vFkok m)gsa kjus d" (o"d;fr %suk ;k vodk'k
isa'ku vkf% ds leku fu;e 4ukuk rFkk 2#k3 fdl" k" la(Fkk ;k fudk;
ds ml jkt(o ls gS tks fo'ks!k Hi ls jkT;ik, Bkjk (Fkku"; fuf/k Vkksf!kr
dj f%;k x;k gS$ 2uxj ifj!k%J e78" lfefrJ vkSPksfxd fuxeJ ia'k;r lfefrJ
ft,k ifj!k% 5E;kf%3
71@ e"Bk;f'd Gi$is!ial >eva$! e)Lk;f,d de&'kj" ls
vk'k; ,sls de&'kj" ls gS tks ljdkj ds lkek); vFkok fo'ks!k
vk%s'kksa Bkjk 5l Zs7k" esa Vkksf!kr fd;s x;s gks$
72+ ek; Go$!h ekg ls vof/k dS,s78j ekg ls gS$ eg"uksa
o f%uksa ds Hi esa of7k&r vof/k d" x7kuk ds f,;s ig,s i<js ekg fxuus
ds 4k% esa f%u tks89s tkosaxs$
721 +1*+1*1@@5 dks fo'ksH :ele!ed
722 L#kk;h fu;ks!u ds deZpkjh Fe5a$e$! ,sls jkT;
de&'kj" tks (Fkk;" i% ij (Fkk;" Hi ls dk;& djrk gS rFkk (Fkk;"
i%kf/kdkj j#krk gS$
721 L#kkuki"u 9I0a!i$; (Fkkuki)u de&'kj" ls vk'k; ,d
,sls de&'kj" ls gS tks ,d ,sls i% ij dk;& dj jgk gS ftl ij fdl" %<ljs
de&'kj" dk i%kf/kdkj gksJ vFkk&rM t4 rd de&'kj" dks ml i% ij
i%kf/kdkj ug" %s f%;k tkos og (Fkkuki)u g" jgsxk$
722 osu Fa' osru ls vk'k; ljdkj" de&'kj" dks iz%r fd;s
tkus ok,s fu0ukafdr ekYd osru ls gS & 2-3 osru tks mls O;fDrxr
;ksX;rk ds vk/kkj ij /kkfjr fd;s x;s i% ds vuqlkj (o"d;r fd;k x;k gS
2/3 fo'ks!k osru ,oa O;fDrxr osru 2.3 v); jkf'k tks jkT;ik, Bkjk
fo'ks!k Hi ls osru ds Hi esa ox"&d;r d" x;" gks tsSls ,ui", 5E;kf%$
725 lsokfuoJf?k isa%ku Fe$sio$ lsokfuo;f+k isa'ku esa
ekYd isa'ku rFkk fjFk;jesa)F xzsS;qF" ;k 8sFk xzsS;<F" %ksuksa
lf0ef,r gS$
727 L#kk;h i$ Fe5a$e$! Fos! (Fkk;" i% ls vk'k; fdl"
osrueku esa l;ftr ,sls i% ls gS tks f4uk fdl" vof/k ds (o"d;r fd;k x;k
gks$
727 9;f:x osu Fesio$al Fa' O;fDrxr osru ls vk'k;
de&'kj" dks (o"d;r fd;s x;s vfrfjDr osru ls gS tks fu0u dkj7kksa ls
(o"d;r fd;k gS&
2-3 t4 fdl" (Fkk;" i% ij (FkkXr de&'kj" dks osrueku la'kks/ku
ds dkj7k vFkok v); dkj7k ls 2vuq'kklukEed dk;&okg" ds vfrfjDr3
e<, osru esa gq5& de" dks gkfu d" i<fr& djus ds f,;s mls O;fDxrxr
osru (o"d;r fd;k tkrk gS$ 2osrueku ds vf/kdre ij igqa's de&'kj"
dks izE;sd %ks o!k& ds 4k% (o"d;r d" tkus ok," osruo;fR k"
O;fDrxr osru dk m%kgj7k gS$
2/3 v); O;fDrxr dkj7kksa dks /;ku esa j#krs gq, fof'k!F
vuqko ,oa ;ksX;rk ds vk/kkj ij viok%(oHi ifjf(Fkfr;ksa esa (o"d;r
fd;k tkrk gS$
728 5ikf!Z vodk%k Fivile;e/Ka$ed leave mikft&r
vodk'k ls vk'k; lsok esa O;r"r fd;s x;s le; ds vk/kkj ij vft&r fd;s x;s
vodk'k ls gS$
72@ i$ dk ifjdfCi dkCifud osu Fesu5p!ive Fa' of
Fos! ;g ,slk osru gksrk gS ftlds l04)/k esa ;g dWiuk d" tkr" gS fd
;f% ,d jkT; de&'kj" dks i<7k& le; ds f,;s fdl" %<ljs i% ij ,xk f%;k tkos
rks mls D;k osru f%;k tk ldrk gS$ 5l izdkj d" dWiuk djrs le; fo'ks!k
osru dks r4 rd lf0ef,r ug"a fd;k tkosxkJ t4 rd fd og O;fDr fo'ks!k
osru ok,s i% ds le(r dr&O; ,oa m+kj%kf;Eo l0ikf%r ug"a djrk ftlds
f,;s fo'ks!k osru (o"d;r fd;k x;k gks$
71+ ijhoh.kk/khu Fo(e!io$e & ij"o"Dkk/k"u ls vk'k;
ml de&'kj" ls gS tks fd (Fkk;" i% ij fu;fer Hi ls fu;qDr fd;k x;k gS$
ij)rq vxj dks5& de&'kj" i<o& esa g" fdl" i% ij (Fkk;" Hi ls fu;qDr gS
rFkk fdl" %<ljs i% ij fu;qDr gksrk gS rks mls vk[u izks4s'ku dgk
tkosxk$
71+d ijhoh.kk/khu i-f%k.k,kk#khZ Fo(e!io$
!ai$ees & ij"o"Dkk/k"u FTsu"t ls vk'k; ml de&'kj" ls gS tks
f%ukad /?>?->/??6 dks;k mlds i''krM jkT; lsok esa fu;fer i% ij
(Fkk;" osru ij %ks o!k& ds f,;s fu;qr gS 5l vof/k ds %kSjku de&'kj"
dks dso, izE;sd i% ds f,;s fu;r osru g" %s; gksrk gS v); fdl" izdkj ds
k+ks %s; ug"a gksrs$
uks& & fpfdLlk lsok es uofu;q: fpfdLlk vf/kdkfj;ksa ds f';s
i-ks0s%ku &Msuh dh vof/k ,d o"kZ ;ksxh vk$s%k f$ukad 27*
122+11 fo?k foHkkx ds vk$s%k f$ukad 27*12*2+11 ds
vuqlkj uo fu;q: fpfdLlk vf/kdkjh dks i-#ke fu;qf: ij 172++
fN:l osu ds lk#k 112++ fpfdLlk ifjpkjd Hk?kk Hkh $s;
;ksxk)
711 fo%ks"k osu >pe0ial pa' & fo'ks!k osru ls vk'k;
de&'kj" dks e<, osru ds vfrfjDr f%;s tkus ok,s ml osru ls gS tks
fu0ukafdr dkj7kksa ls (o"d;r fd;k tkrk gS&
2-3 fo'ks!k Hi ls dfKu izdkj ds dk;& ds l0ik%u gsrq 2eafL;ksa
ds fut" lf'o:fof'k!F lgk;d3
2/3 dk;& vFkok m+kj%kf;Eo esa fo'ks!k Hi ls o;fR gksus ij
2jkt? iz'kklfud lsok:jkt(Fkku ,s#kk lsok ds vf/kdkj" dks lf'ok,;
esa mi'kklu lf'o ds i% ij i%(FkkXr fd;s tkus ij3
712 5Fp lsok >upeio >evi0e & 'rqFk& Zs7k" lsok ds
vfrfjDr lk" izdkj d" lsok dks mS' lsok esa lf0ef,r fd;k x;k gS$s
711 fuokZ; vuq$ku >u(sis!e$0e Oa$! & fuok&g
vuq%ku:kErs ls vk'k; ml ekYd lgk;rk ls gS tks ml de&'kj" dks
fu,04u vof/k ds %kSjku f%;k tkrk gS 5l vof/k ds %kSjku de&'kj" dks
dks5& osru vFkok vodk'k osru %s; ug"a gksrk$
712 e6' osu Pasi0/su(sis!a$0e Fa' & e<, osru ls
vk'k; jk>ls> fu;e O2/@32.3 ds vuqlkj jkT;ik, Bkjk (o"d;r ml osru
ls gS tks dks5& de&'kj" fdl" (Fkk;" i% ij fu;qDr gksus ds G,(oHi
mls izkIr djus dk vf/kdkj" gS$ 5lesa fo'ks!k osruJ O;fDrxr osru rFkk
v); fdl" izdkj dk osru 'kkfe, ug"a gS$
712, L#kk;h fu;qf: >u(s!a$!ive )ppoi$!5e$! &
(Fkk;" fu;qfDr ls vk'k; ,sls jkT; de&'kj" ls gS tks fdl" (Fkk;" i% i% ij
(Fkk;" fu;qfDr ls gS ftl ij og i%kf/kdkj j#krk gS$
715 vL#kk(Z i$ <e5poa' Fos! & v(Fkk;" i% ls
rkEi;& ,d ,sls i% ls gS tks ,d osrueku esa ,d fuf''r le; vFkok vof/k ds
f,;s l;ftr fd;k tkos$
717 lkof/k i$ <e$ue Fos! & lkof/k i% ls vk'k; ,d ,sls
(Fkk;" i% ls gS ftls ,d vf/kdkj" ,d fuf''r le; ls vf/kd rd /kkj7k ug" dj
ldrk tSls fd jkt(Fkku ,ksd lsok vk;ksx ds l%(; dk i%$
717 le; osu <i5e >0ale Fa' & le; osrueku ls vk'k; ml
osrueku ls gS tks 5u fu;eksa esa %" x;" 'krks& ds vk/kkj ij ,d fuf''r
vof/k ds vk/kkj ij );<ure ls vf/kdre rd ',rk gks$ m%kgj7kkFk&
2N???&-N?&=???3
718 L#kkuk"j,k <a$sfe & (Fkkuk)rj7k ls vk'k; fdl"
de&'kj" ds lDke izkf/kdkj" ds vk%s'kksa ls fdl" (Fkku fo'ks!k tgka
og i%(FkkXr gS ls v); fdl" (Fkku ij iz(Fkku ls gS&
2-3 u;s i% dk dk;&kkj l0kk,us ds f,;s
2/3 mlds eq#;k,; ds (Fkku ds ifjor&u ds dkj7k
71@ fo4kedk'hu foHkkx &a0a!io$ :epa!5e$! &
foZkedk,"u fokkx ls vk'k; ,sls fokkx ls ftlesa izfro!k& fu;fer Hi ls
vodk'k jgrk gS vkSj 5u vodk'k vof/k ds %kSjku fokkx ds
de&'kfj;ksa dks vius dr&O; ls vuqif(Fkr jgus d" vuqefr gksr" gS$
2foPk,;:egkfoPk,; : fo'ofoPk,;:);k;k,;3
72+ isa%ku ds v;ksQ; laL#kkiu Ro$ Fe$sio$a(le
Ks!a(liosh5e$! & isas'ku ds v;ksX; la(Fkkiu ls rkEi;& ,sls
la(Fkkiu ls gS ftldk osruJ osru e% ls vkgfjr ug"a gksdj v); e% tSls
dk;k&,; O;;J v); e% ls 'qdk;k tkrk gS$
v/;k;&&1 lsok dh lkek"; %ksZ fu;e 8&21
8* jk<; lsok esa uo fu;qf: & f%ukad /?>?->/??6 ,oa mlds 4k%
jkT; lsok esa lk" fu;qfDr;ka %ks o!k& d" vof/k ds f,;s izks4s'kuj
izf'kDk7kkFk"& ds HIk esa d" tkosx" rFkk mDr izks4s'ku vof/k ds f,;s
ml i% ds f,;s jkT; ljdkj Bkjk fuf''r rFkk le;&le; ij la'kksf/kr f(Fkj %j ls
ikfjZfed dk kqxrku fd;k tkosxk mDr f(Fkj ikfjZfed ds vfrfjDr v); fdl"
izdkj ds k+ks vkf% dk kqxrku ug"a fd;k tkosxk rFkk mDr %ks
o!k& d" vof/k i<7k& gksus ds Ik''krM ml i% ds osrueku dk );<ure
osru (o"d;r fd;k tkosxk rFkk ,sl" izks4s'ku izf'kDk7k d" vof/k dks
okf!k&d osru (o"d;fr djus ds f,;s ug"a fxuk tkosxk$ izks4s'ku
FsTu" vof/k dks fu;fer fu;qfDr ekuk tkosxk rFkk 5ls i%ks)ufr rFkk
,l"i" d" x7kuk esa lf0ef,r fd;k tkosxk vk%s'k f%ukad /6>?@>/?--
osF f'fdElk lsok esa uofu;qDr f'fdElk vf/kdkfj;ksa ds f,;s izks4s'ku
FTsu" d" vof/k ,d o!k& gksx" 2vk%s'k f%ukad /6>-/>/?--3 fo+k
fokkx ds vk%s'k f%ukad /6>-/>/?-- ds vuqlkj uo fu;qDr f'fdElk
vf/kdkj" dks izFke fu;qfDr ij -6/?? fGDl osru ds lkFk -./?? f'fdElk
ifj'kjd k+kk k" %s; gksxk$
=2d32-3& izFke fu;qfDr ds le; vk;q& t4 fdl" i% ij fu;qfDr ds le; ml
i% ls l04f)/kr lsokfu;eksa esa dks5& v); izko/kku ug"a fd;k x;k gks
rks jkT; lsok esa fu;qfDr gsrq );<ure o vf/kdre vk;q l"ek 1e'k\ -6
o .N o!k& gksx"$ ij)rq mDr fu;e fu0ukafdr izko/kku ds v/k"u
gksxsa&
2-3 ,sls O;fDr tks -= o!k& ls de vk;q ds gSJ m)gsa ,sls i%
ij ug"a ,xk;k tk ldrk ftlds f,;s izfrk<fr f,;k tkuk
vko';d gks$
2/3 efg,kvksa ds f,;s vf/kdre vk;q l"ek @/ o!k& gksx"$
2f%ukad /@>?N>/??@ Bkjk la'kksf/kr3
2.3 vuql<f'r tkfr:tutkfr:v); XQ89k ox& 2XQ89k ox&
ds f,;s f%ukad /N>?N>/??? ls izkko"3 dks mij" vk;q
l"ek esa N o!k& d" Q<F gksx" 5)g"a ox& d" lk" efg,kvksa ds
f,;s mij" vk;q l"ek esa -? o!k& 2vk%s'k f%ukad .?>?@>
/??- ls izkko"3 d" Q<F gksx"$
2@3 e;rd vkfZr de&'kj" ds HIk esa fo/kok gsrq vf/kdre vk;q
d" dks5& vf/kdre l"ek ug"a gksx"$
2N3 k<ri<o& lSfudksa gsrq vf/kdre vk;q l"ek N? o!k&
gksx"$
263 %so(Fkku ds iqtkfj;ksa ds f,;s vf/kdre vk;q l"ek @N
o!k& gksx"$
2O3 vk;qos&%J ;<uku"J gks0;ksiSFk" f'fdElksa d"
fu;qfDr gsrq vf/kdre vk;q l"ek @N o!k& gksx"
2=3 vxj dks5& de&'kj" lsok esa vkus ds mijk)r vius uke
esa ifjor&u:la'kks/ku djokuk 'kgrk gS rks fu/kk&fjr iziL
2=d3 esa 4)/kiL kjdj %ks lkfDk;ksa 2tks dk;k&,;k/;Dk
d" tkudkj" esa gks3 ls izekf7kr djokdj ml dk;k&,;k/;Dk
ds ;gka tgka og or&eku esa lsok dj jgk gS iz(rqr djuk
gksxk$ 4)/kiL dk izdk'ku fdl" ,ksdXz; (Fkku"; lek'kj iL
rFkk jkti 2v/k"Dkd jktd"; ds)%z"; eq%zk7kk,;J t;iqj3 esa
izdk'ku fd;k tkosxk mDr izdk'ku de&'kj" dks vius O;; ij
djokuk gksxk$ mlds Ik''krM de&'kj" Bkjk iz(rqr d" x;"
lkfDk;ksa ds larks!ktud lkD; rFkk 4)/kiL vkf% dk fu!ik%u
gksus ds Ik''krM u;s uke d" (o"d;fr %" tkdj r%kuqlkj
ljdkj" vfk,s#kksa esa r%kuqlkj vko';d la'kks/ku fd;k
tkosxk$
fu,kZ; laA;k* @ & ,sls de&'kj" tks jkT; lsok esa jgrs gq, eSfFTd ;k
v); ledDk m+k"7k& djrs gS rFkk muds 5l izek7k iL esa de&'kj" d"
lsok iqf(rdk esa i<o& esa vafdr t)e rkj"#k ls fk)u gS rks ,sls
izek7k iL ds vk/kkj ij lsokiqf(rdk esa vafdr rkj"#k ifjofr&r ug"a d"
tkos$
8d2d +1*+1*7@ ls i6oZ fu;q: deZpkfj;ksa dh
vk;q ds la0a/k esa & ?->?->OA dks tks O;fDr jkT; lsk esa gS rFkk
mud" lsok iqf(rdk:lsok foojf7kdk esa vafdr f%ukad g" ek); gksx"
vkSj mlesa fdl" izdkj dk dks5& ifjor&u ug"a fd;k tkosxk$
8d2Akk +1*+1*1@7@ ds Sk%pkT fu;q:
deZpkfj;ksa dh vk;q ds lK0"/k esa & ?->?->OA ds 4k% fu;qDr
O;fDr d" t)e f%ukaad dk fu/kk&j7k mlds Bkjk iz(rqr ek/;fed:mS'
ek/;fed izek7k iL esa vafdr f%ukad ds vuqlkj g" gksx"$
8dAkkk & fu;qf: ;ksQ;k ek/;fed ls de ;ksus
ij jkT; lsok esa fu;qfDr d" );<ure ;ksX;rk ek/;fed ls de gksus d"
f(Fkfr esa t)e f%ukad dk fu/kk&j7k uxjikf,dk:uxjifj!k%:ia'k;r: foP
k,; Bkjk tkj" izek7k iL ds vk/kkj ij fd;k tkosxk$ tgka mDr esa ls
dks5& k" mi,U/k ug"a gks rks t)e f%ukad og (o"dkj d" tkosx"
tks og viu" izFke fu;qfDr ds le; Vkksf!kr djsxk vxj de&'kj" dks vk;q
dk lg" *ku ug"a gks rks mld" t)e f%ukad dk fu/kk&j7k lkek);
fo+k"; ,oa ,s#kk fu;e -./ ds vuqlkj fd;k tkosxk$ vxj de&'kj" dso,
t)e o!k& 4rk lds rks ml t)e o!k& d" - tq,k5& rFkk t)e o!k& rFkk
ekg %ksuksa 4rk lds rks ml t)e o!k& ds lkFk ekg d" -6 rkj"#k t)e
f%ukad eku" tkosx"$
82x & dk;Zi-Hkkfj deZpkjh dh fu;fe fu;qf: ij vk;q
ds lK0"/k esaa & ,d dk;&izkkfjr 2od& 'kt&83 de&'kj" dks vxj
fd)g"a fu;eksa ds rgr fu;fer fu;qfDr %" tkos rks mld" t)e f%ukad
od&'kt&8 de&'kj" ds HIk esa dk;& izkj0k djrs le; 4uk5& x5&
lsokiqf(rdk:lsokfoojf7kdk esa vafdr f%ukad g" eku" tkosx"$
@* uohu fu;qf: ij LoL#;k i-ek,k iB & le(r izdkj d" uo"u
fu;qfDr 2va'kdk,"u fu;qfDr lfgr3 ds f,;s (o(;rk izek7k iL vko';d
gSJ 5lds vkko esa fu;qfDr ug"a %" tkosx"J O;fDrxr eke,ksa esa
ljdkj Bkjk (ok(F; izek7k iL iz(rqr djus d" vko';drk dks f'kfFk, fd;k tk
ldrk gS vFkok og de&'kfj;ksa ds fdl" fof'k!F ox& dks 5lls eqDr dj
ldr" gS$
fu,kZ; laA;k &1 & va'kdk,"u de&'kfj;ksa dks k" (ok(F; izek7k iL
iz(rqr djuk vko';d gS$
fu7k&; la#;k &/ & de&'kfj;ksa ls (ok(F; izek7k iL izkIr djus 4k4r
izek7k iL izFke osru f4, esa vko';d HIk ls vafdr fd;k tkuk 'kfg;s$
-?> LoL#;k i-ek,k iB dk i-kUSk
11* LokL#; i-ek,k iB ij ;Lk.kj & fu;e -? esa f%;s x;s izkHIk esa
(o(Fkrk izek7k iL ft,k izeq#k f'fdElk vf/kdkj" vFkok mlls mS'
vf/kdkj" Bkjk g(rkDkfjr gksuk 'kfg;s$ efg,kvksa ds l04)/k esa lDke
izkf/kdkj" efg,k f'fdEld Bkjk iz%r (o(Fkrk izek7k iL (o"dkj dj
ldsxk$
hu ek; ls vf/kd dh vL#kk;h lsok ds f';s fu;qfDr ij izek7k
iL f'fdElk (ukrd ls vFkok ,k5lsf)'k;sF ls (o(Fkrk izek7k iL izkIr dj
iz(rqr djuk gksxk vxj f'fdEld dks vk'kadk gks fd vkos%u jkT; lsok ds
;ksX; gS vFkok ug" arks og izdj7k dks izeq#k f'fdElk vf/kdkj" ds
leDk iz(rqr djsxk$ !0 ,d jk<; deZpkjh dks i-kjKHk esa fdlh
dk;kZ'; esa 1 ek; ls de dh vof/k ds f';s vL#kk;h USk ls jAkk
!kos ij"q 0k$ esa 5lh dk;kZ'; esa vkxs jAk f';k !kos v#kok
f0uk fdlh 9;o/kku ds fdlh $6ljs dk;kZ'; esa L#kkuk"fj dj
f$;k !kos ks 5ifL#k ;ksus dh vkVk ds ,d lSk; esa LokL#;
i-ek,k iB i-Lq djuk ;ksxk)
12* LokL#; i-ek,k iB is%k djus ls eq: fd;s x;s deZpkjh &
fu0ukafdr Zsf7k;ksa ds jkT; de&'kfj;ksa dks (ok(F; izek7k iL iz(rqr
djus ls eqDr fd;k x;k gS &
2-3 ,d de&'kj" ftls izfr;ksx" ij"Dkk ds ek/;e ls fu;qDr fd;k
x;k gks ,oa ftls ml lsok fu;e ds vuqlkj f'fdElk ij"Dkk ls
xqtjuk i89k gks$
2/3 ,d de&'kj" tks r"u ekg ls de d" vof/k ds f,;s jkT; lsok
esa fu;qDr fd;k x;k gksa$
2.3 ,d de&'kj" tks 'rqFk& Zs7k" lsok esa v(Fkk;" fjDr i% ij
6 ekg ls de d" vof/k ds f,;s fu;qDr fd;k x;k gks$
2@3 ,d v(Fkk;" jkT; de&'kj" ftld" f'fdElk ij"Dkk i<o& esa
fdl" dk;k&,; Bkjk gks 'qd" gks vkSj v4 f4uk fdl"
O;o/kku ds fdl" %<ljs dk;k&,; esa (Fkkuk)rj7k gqvk gks$
2N3 ,d lsokfuo;+k de&'kj" tks lsokfuo;f+k ds rqj)r
Ik''krM iqu\ fu;qDr fd;k x;k gks$
263 'kkj"fjd %;f!F ls v'kDr O;fDr tks fof'k!F fu;kstu
dk;k&,; Bkjk fktokus ij fu;qDr fd;k x;k gks vkSj ftls
fdl" jktd"; v(irk, esa v/k"DkdJ iz/kku f'fdEld ,oa (ok(F;
vf/kdkj" Bkjk xfKr f'fdElk 4ks8& ds leDk f'fdElk ij"Dkk ds f,;s tkuk
i89k gks$
11* jk<; lsok dh e6'Hk6 %kZ & ,d jkT; de&'kj" dk l0i<7k& le;
ljdkj ds foods ij jgsxk t4 rd fd fdl" eke,s esa (i!F HIk ls v);Fkk
izko/kku ug"a fd;k x;k gks rFkk mls lDke izkf/kdkj" Bkjk f4uk fdl"
vfrfjDr ikfjZfed ds fdl" k" izdkj ls fu;ksftr fd;k tk ldsxk 'kgs mlds
osru vkf% jkT; ljdkj d" laf'r fuf/k ij izkkfjr gks vFkok (Fkku"; l+kk
d" fuf/k ij$
fu;e 12 L#kk;h i$ ij L#kk;h fu;qf: ds la0a/k esa i-ko/kku &
2d3 ,d g" le; esa ,d (Fkk;" HIk ls fjDr i% ij ,d ls vf/kd de&'kj" d"
fu;qfDr (Fkk;" HIk ls ug"a gks ldr"$
2#k3 ,d de&'kj" ,d g" le; v(Fkk;" fu;qfDr ds vfrfjDr %ks ;k %ks ls
vf/kd i%ksa ij (Fkk;" HIk ls fu;qDr ug"a fd;k tk ldrk$
2x3 ,d de&'kj" fdl" ,sls i% ij (Fkk;" HIk ls fu;qDr ug"a fd;k tk ldrk
ftl ij fdl" de&'kj" dk i<o& ls i%kf/kdkj 2(ie%3 gks$
15* i$kf/kdkj dk 5Li"u o lekS ;ksuk & ,d de&'kj" fdl" (Fkk;"
i% ij (Fkk;" HIk ls fu;qDr gks tkus ij ml i% ij viuk i%kf/kdkj izkIr dj ,srk
gS rFkk rri''krM og"a de&'kj" fdl" v); (Fkk;" i% ij fu;qfDr ds
G,(oHIk i%kf/kdkj izkIr djrk gS rks i<o& i% ij mldk i%kf/kdkj (or\ g"
lekIr gks tkrk gS$
17* i$kf/kdkj !kjh j;us dh %ksZ & t4 rd fdl" de&'kj" dk
i%kf/kdkj fu;e -O ds vuqlkj fu,f04r ug"a dj f%;k tkos vFkok fu;e -A
ds vuqlkj (Fkkuk)rfjr ug"a dj f%;k tkos r4 rd og (Fkk;" i% dks /kkj7k
djrs gq, ml i% ij viuk i%kf/kdkj fu0uf,f#kr ifjf(Fkfr;ksa esa tkj"
j#ksxk$
2d3 t4 og ml i% dk dk;& fu!ikf%r dj jgk gS$
2#k3 t4 og fo%s'k lsok esa gks vFkok fdl" v); i% ij
v(Fkk;" ;k dk;&okgd HIk ls dk;& dj jgk gks$
2x3 %<ljs i% ij dk;&xzg7k d" vof/k esaJ ;f% og i<o& ds i% ls
dfu!K 2de osru ok,s i% ij i%koufr ;k v); ifjf(Fkfr esa3
i% ij (Fkk;" HIk ls (Fkkuk)rfjr ug"a dj f%;k x;k gksJ ,sls
eke,s es ftl f%u og vius iqjkus i% ds dk;&kkj ls eqDr gqvk
r4 ls mldk i%kf/kdkj u;s ok,s i% ij (Fkkuk)rfjr dj f%;k tkosxk$
2Vk3 t4 og vodk'k ij gks$
283 fu,f04r vof/k ds %kSjku$
17* i$kf/kdkj dk fu'K0u & d i$kf/kdkj dk vko%;d USk ls
fu'K0u & ;f% ,d de&'kj" fu0ukafdr i%ksa esa ls fdl" ,d i% (Fkk;" HIk
ls fu;qDr gks tkrk gS rks mldk ml (Fkk;" i% ls i%kf/kdkj vko';d HIk ls
fu,f04r gks tkrk gS ftls og i<o& esa e<, Hi ls /kkj7k dj jgk Fkk$
2-3 fdl" lkof/k i% ij fu;qfDr izkIr djus ij ftl ij t4 ml i% ij
i6oZ esa fdlh dk i$kf/kdkj u;ha ;ks)
2/3 fdl" (Fkk;" i% ij v)rdk,"u 2Srovisio%al3 HIk ls fu;qfDr
izkIr djus ij ftl i% ij i6oZ esafdlh dk i$kf/kdkj u;ha
;ks)
Ak fu;qf: vf/kdkjh ds foosdkuqlkj i$kf/kdkj i$ dk
fu'K0u & t4 ,d jkT; de&'kj" dks oS%sf'kd lsok
esa vFkok kkjr ds 4kgj izfrfu;qfDr ij kstk tkos ;k
fdl" v); laox& esa 2lkof/k ;k v)r\dk,"u fu;qfDr ds vfrfjDr -O
ds vuqlkj3 dk;&okgd i% ij fu;qDr dj f%;k tkos rFkk
fu;qfDr vf/kdkj" dks 5l 4kr dk fo'okl dks fd ,slk
de&'kj" r"u o!k& ls i<o& vius e<,i% ij okXl ug"a vkosxk rks
,sls de&'kj" dk e<, i% ls i%kf/kdkj fu;qfDr vf/kdkj" ds
foosdkuqlkj fu,f04r fd;k tk ldrk gS$
x i$kf/kdkj dh vfuok;Z Ui ls lekfS & ,d de&'kj" ftls
lkof/k i% ij i%kf/kdkj izkIr gks vkSj og fdl" v); (Fkk;"
i% ij e<, Hi ls fu;qDr dj f%;k tkos rks lkof/ki% ij mldk
i%kf/kdkj fu,f04r ug"a fd;k tkdj vko';d Hi ls lekIr fd;k
tkosxk$
=k v"Wdk'hu Fovisio$al i$kf/kdkj & t4 ,d
de&'kj" dk i%kf/kdkj mDr izko/kku 2d3 vFkok 2#k3
ds vuqlkj fu,f04r dj f%;k tkrk gS rks ml i% dks v)r
\dk,"u Hi ls fjDr ekuk tkdj ml ij fdl" de&'kj" dks fu;qDr fd;k tk
ldrk gS$ ftl k" ,sls de&'kj" dks ,sl v)r\dk,"u i% ij fu;qDr
fd;k tkosxk og ml i% ij v)r\dk,"u i%kf/kdkj g" izkIr djsxk$
GX fu'fK0 i$kf/kdkj dk iquZL#kkiu& t4 ,d de&'kj"
ftldk i%kf/kdkj fu;e -O2d3 ds vuqlkj fu,f04r fd;k x;k Fkk
tSls g" u;s ok,s i% ij i%kf/kdkj lekIr djsxk mldk i<o& i% ij
i%kf/kdkj iqu\ izfr(FkkXr gks tkosxk$
p vxj fdlh deZpkjh dk i$kf/kdkj dk fu'K0u 5:
fu;e 17Ak ds vuqlkj fu;qf: vf/kdkjh ds
foosdkuqlkj fu'fK0 fd;k x;k ;>D 5lh le; iquZL#kkH
fd;k !kosxk !0 o; Hkkj ls 0k;j i-ffu;qf: lekS ;ks
!kosD o>$sf%kd lsok esa j;uk 0"$ dj $saD ;k $6ljs
laoxZ esa dk;Z djuk 0"$ dj $sa) ij)rq ,d fu,f04r
i%kf/kdkj iqu&(FkkXr ug"a fd;k tkosxk ;f% ,d de&'kj" kkjr ds
4kgj izfrfu;qfDr ij jgrs gq, oS%sf'kd lsok esa jgrs gq, vodk'k
,s ,srk gS vkSj lDke izkf/kdkj" dks ;g lqfuf''r gks tkos fd
,slk de&'kj" vodk'k ls ,kSFus ds Ik''krM iqu\ oS%sf'kd lsok
esa ;k kkjr ds 4kgj izfrfu;qfDr ij ',rk jgsxk vFkok laox& ds 4kgj
dk;& djrk jgsxk vkSj ;g vof/k r"u o!k& ds de d" ug"a gksx"$
uks& & vxj ,d de&'kj" vius laox& ds 4kgj (Fkkuk)rfjr fd;k tkrk
gS rFkk og vius (Fkkuk)rj7k ds r"u o!k& d" vof/k ds v)%j g"
vf/kokf!k&d vk;q izkIr dj lsokfuo;+k gks tkrk gS rks ,sls de&'kj" dk
i%kf/kdkj r"u o!k& ls de le; ds f,;s laox& ds 4kgj fu;qfDr ds vk/kkj ij
lekIr ug"a fd;k tkosxk$
18 d i$kf/kdkj dk lekS djuk & ,d de&'kj" ds i%kf/kdkj dks
i<7k& Hi ls lekIr ug"a fd;k tk ldrk vFkk&rM ,d de&'kj" dks fdl" ,d i%
ij i%kf/kdkj izkIr djus ds Ik''krM mldk fdl" k" ,d i% ij i%kf/kdkj ;k
,f04r i%kf/kdkj jguk g" 'kfg;s mld" (o;a d" lgefr ls k" mls
i%kf/kdkj ls oaf'r ug"a fd;k tk ldrk$
18Ak t4 ,d jkT; de&'kj" tks vius laox& ds ekSf,d i% ds 4tk; v);
laox& esa (Fkk;" Hi ls fu;qDr dj f%;k tk;s rks mlds (o;a ds laox&
ok,s i% ls mldk i%kf/kdkj lekIr gks tkosxk$
vf/klaA;d i$ >upe$u5ea' /Rk;k >hado6 Fos! dk lJ!u &
vf/kdla#;d i% fu0ukafdr YRkarksa ds vk/kkj ij l;ftr fd;s tkrs gS$
2-3 ,slk i% fdl" ,d vf/kdkj" dks i%kf/kdkj mi,U/k djokus ds f,;s
l;ftr fd;k tkrk gS tks fu;fer i% ij i%kf/kdkj j#kus dk vf/kdkj" gks ij)rq
dks5& fu;fer:(Fkk;" i% fjDr ug"a gks$
2/3 ;s i% dkWifud gksrs gS vkSj ftl vf/kdkj" dk i%kf/kdkj ,sls i%
ds foHR gksrk gS og v); fdl" fjDr v(Fkk;" ;k (Fkk;" i% ij jg dj dk;&
djrs gSaa$
2.3 vf/kla#; i% r4 l;ftr fd;k tkrk gS t4 de&'kj" ds f,;s mlds
laox& vFkok ox& esa dks5& v); fu;fer i% (i!F ,oa (Fkk;" Hi ls mi,U/k
ug"a gks rFkk ,sls i%ks ads l;tu ds dkj7k ,d laox& esa fu;fer i%ksa
d" la#;k vf/kd ug"a gksu" 'kfg;s$
2@3 ,sls i% v(Fkk;" gksrs gS D;ksafd 5udk l;tu fdl" vf/kdkj"
dks i%kf/kdkj %sus ds f,;s r4 rd fd;k tkrk gS t4 rd fd og fdl" fu;fer i%
ij i%kf/kdkj izkIr ug"a dj ,s$ vr\ ,sls i% O;fDr fo'ks!k d" vko';drk
dks /;ku esa j#krs gq, l;ftr fd;s tkrs gS u fd vfuf''r dk, ds f,;s$
2N3 ,slk i% O;fDr fo'ks!k dks ,kk %sus ds f,;s O;fDrxr gksrk
gS vkSj ,ssls i% ij v); vf/kdkj" dks fu;qDr ug"a fd;k tk ldrk vkSj ;g
i% ml le; g" lekIr gks tkrk gS t4 fd ,slk vf/kdkj" ftlds f,;s ;g l;ftr fd;k
x;k Fkk ;k rks v); fdl" fjDr fu;fer i% ij i%kf/kdkj izkIr djrk gS vFkok
lsokfuo;f+k ds dkj7k 5l i% dks fjDr djrk gS$
263 ,sls i% dk;&'k", i% ug"a gksrs ojuM Qk;k i% vFkok O;fDrxr
i% gksrs gS ,sls i% ds l;tu ls dks5& vfrfjDr fo+k"; kkj ug"a gksrk
D;ksafd ,slk i% dso, i%kf/kdkj mi,U/k djokus ds f,;s g" l;ftr fd;k
tkrk gS u fd fdl" u;s de&'kj" d" fu;qfDr ds f,;s$ tSls g" laox& esa
dks5& fu;fer i% (i!F Hi ls fjDr gksrk gS vf/kla#; i% (or\ g" lekIr gks
tkrk gS$
1@* i$kf/kdkj dk L#kkuk"j,k & ,d jkT; de&'kj" ds i%kf/kdkj dk
(Fkkuk)rj7k fdl" %<ljs (Fkk;" Hi ls fjDr leku i% ij ,sl" f(Fkfr esa fd;k
tk ldrk gS tgka og (Fkk;" Hi ls (Fkkuk)rfjr dj f%;k x;k gks$
2+* jk<; deZpkfj;ksa dk L#kkuk"j,k& ljdkj ,d i% ls %<ljs i% ij
fu0u 'krks& ds vfrfjDr jkT; de&'kfj;ksa dk (Fkkuk)rj7k u"'s ds 2de
osrueku3 i% ij ug"a dj ldr"$
2-3 vdk;&dq'k,rk ;k %qO;&ogkj ds dkj7k %78 ds HIk esa$
2/3 de&'kj" Bkjk f,f#kr Hi esa %sus ij$
21* deZpkjh ds osu ls vfuok;Z d&k>f & ,d jkT; de&'kj" dks
vius osru ls jktd"; t"ou 4"ek ;kstuk esa fu;ekuqlkj fu/kk&fjr %j ls
ekYd va'k%ku djuk vfuok;& gksxk vxj (ok(F; ds vk/kkj ij v;ksX;
gksus ij vFkok fu/kk&fjr vk;q ls vf/kd vk;q 2NN o!k& vk%s'k f%ukad
?/>?.>/??A3 gksus ds dkj7k izFke ;k vkxke" 4"ek fu;ekuqlkj ug"a
gks ldrk rks t"ou 4"ek d" dFkSfr ds (Fkku ij lkek); kfo!; fuf/k esa
va'k%ku djuk gksxk$
21* v jkt(Fkku ljdkj Bkjk fu/kk&fjr fu;eksa ds vuqlkj f%ukad ?->
?->/??@ ls i<o& fu;qDr de&'kfj;ksa dks jkt(Fkku iS)'kul& esf8d,
d)lslu ;kstuk esa fu/kk&fjr %j ls va'k%ku djuk vfuok;& gksxk$
21* 0 ,d jkT; de&'kj" dks 2?->?->/??@ls i<o& fu;qDr3 le;&le;
ij fu/kk&fjr %j ls lkek); kfo!; fuf/k esa va'k%ku djuk vfuok;& gksxk
rFkk 5lds vfrfjDr jkT; ljdkj Bkjk le;&le; ij Vkksf!kr egaxk5& k+ks d"
dks5& fd(r vFkok v); 4dk;k k" lkek); kfo!; fuf/k esa tek djus ds
vk%s'k jkT; ljdkj tkj" dj ldr" gS$ f%ukad ?->?->/??@ ds i''krM
fu;qDr de&'kfj;ksa ds osru ls lkek); kfo!; fuf/k ds (Fkku ij va'k%ku
kfo!; fuf/k esa va'k%ku ,kx< fd;k x;k gS tks fd e<, osru rFkk
egaxk5& k+ks dk -? izfr'kr gS$ ljdkj d" vksj ls k" mruk g"
va'k%ku jkT; de&'kj" ds #kkrs esa ekYd va'k%ku fd;s tkus dk
izko/kku gS$ 2f%ukad ?->?A>/??6 ls izks4s'kuj FTsu"t ds osru ls
jkT; 4"ek ,oa lkek); izko/kk;" fuf/k esa dks5& dFkSfr ug"a d"
tkosx"3$
21* l isa'ku:ikfjokfjd isa'ku ls k" egaxk5& jkgr d" fdl" izdkj
d" 4dk;k d" fdl" k" jkf'k dks le;&le; ij ljdkj Bkjk tkj" fd;s x;s
vk%s'kksa ds vuqlkj lkek); kfo!; fuf/k esa tek d" tk ldr" gS$
22* osu ,oa Hk?ks i-kS djus dh %kZ & 5u fu;eksa esa fd)g"
fof'k!F Hi ls fd;s x;s izko/kku dks Qks89rs gq, ,d jkT; de&'kj" fdl"
i% ij dk;&xzg7k djus ds f%u ls ,sdj dk;& 4)% djus ds f%u rd osru ,oa
v); k+ks izkIr djus dk vf/kdkj" gksxkJ ;f% vf/kdkj" Bkjk dk;&xzg7k
e/;k)g i<o& fd;k x;k gks rks dk;&&xzg7k djus ds f%u dk k" osru
%s; gksxk ij)rq vxj dk;&xzg7k e/;k)g Ik''krM fd;k x;k gks rks osru
vkxke" f%ol ls f%;k tkosxk$
L;kxiB & t4 ,d jkT; de&'kj" f,f#kr esa viu" fu;qfDr izkf/kdkj" ls
vius i% dks E;kxus d" vuqefr 'kgrk gS rks mls E;kxiL dgrs gS$
E;kxiL (o"d;r djus gsrq fu;qfDr vf/kdkj" g" lDke gS$ tks de"& jkT;
lsok esa dk;& djus dk 5SQqd ug"a gks mls jkT; lsok esa jksduk jkT;
fgr esa ug"a gksrk vr\ lkek); fu;e ;g gS fd jkT; lsok esa fu0u
ifjf(Fkfr;ksa dks Qks89dj E;kxiL (o"d;r dj f,;k tkuk 'kfg;s &
2-3 t4 de&'kj" dks vfr egEoi<7k& dk;& lkSik x;k gks vkSj
mld" oSdfWid O;o(Fkk djus esa dqQ le; ,xrk gks rks oSdfWid
O;o(Fkk gksus rd$
2/3 ,d fu,f04r jkT; de&'kj" vxj E;kxiL iz(rqr djrk gS rks lDke
vf/kdkj" l0i<7k& xq7k&%ks!k ij fo'kj djus ds 4k% vxj E;kxiL (o"dkj
djuk jkT; fgr esa gks rks E;kxiL (o"dkj fd;k tk ldrk gS$
2.3 t4 de&'kj" Bkjk ;g fu;qfDr ls i<o& vof/k fo'ks!k ds f,;s
4k[78iL kjk x;k gks rks og vof/k lekIr gksus ls i<o& vFkok 4)/kiL
esa mfW,f#kr %78u"; jkf'k tek djokus ls i<o& E;kxiL (o"dkj ug"a
fd;k tkuk 'kfg;s$
L;kxiB ;sq vof/k & v(Fkk;" de&'kj" ds f,;s r"u o!k& ls de
d" lsok ds f,;s ,d ekg rFkk r"u o!k& ls vf/kd lsok vof/k gksus ij r"u
ekg dk uksfFl %suk vfuok;& gS$ lDke vf/kdkj" uksfFl vof/k esa
f'kfFk,rk iz%ku dj ldrk gsS$ (Fkk;" lsok ds de&'kj" ds eke,s esa
lDke vf/kdkj" vius foods ds vk/kkj ij f4uk uksfFl ds E;kxiL (O"d;r dj
ldrk gS$
L;kxiB d0 i-Hkkoh ;ksk ;> & t4 de&'kj" dk E;kxiL (o"dkj
djds mls dk;&eqDr dj f%;k tkos r4 mls izkko" ekuk tkosxk E;kxiL
izkko" gksus ds 4k% de&'kj" Bkjk okXl ug"a f,;k tk ldrk vkSj u g"
fu;qfDr izkf/kdkj" mls lsok esa okXl ,s ldrk gS$ dks5& 4dk;k u
gksus ds izek7k iL ds f4uk E;kxiL (o"dkj ug"a fd;k tkuk 'kfg;s$
22v i-f%k.k,kdk' esa $h x;h /kujkf%k okHl djuk& t4 ,d
O;fDr dks jktifLr i% ij fu;qDr fd;k tkdj vius i% ij (or)L Hi ls dk;&xzg7k
djus ls i<o& ,d fuf''r vof/k ds f,;s izf'kDk7k ij kstk tkrk gS vkSj ,slk
vf/kdkj" izf'kDk7k d" vof/k esa vFkok izf'kDk7k lekIr gksus ds
Ik''krM %ks o!k& d" vof/k esa g" lsok ls E;kxiL %s %srk gS vFkok
v); (Fkku ij fu;qfDr izkIr dj ,srk gS rks ljdkj Bkjk izf'kDk7k dk, esa
O;; d" x;" le(r jkf'k osru k+kksa lfgr 2;kLk k+ks rFkk %Sfud
k+ks dks Qks89dj3 jkT; ljdkj dks ,kSFku" gksx"$
220 ,d jk<; deZpkjh !0 hu ek; ls vf/kd dh vof/k ds f';s
Hkkjo"kZ esa i-f%k.k,k ;sq fu;q: fd;k !kos rFkk mldk
izf'kDk7k fu;e O2=32#k32k3 ds vuqlkj dr&O; ekuk tkos rks ,slk
de&'kj" izf'kDk7k vof/k esa ;k izf'kDk7k ds Ik''krM %ks o!k& d"
vof/k esa E;kxiL %s %srk gS vFkok v); dg"a fu;kstu izkIr dj ,srk gS
rks ljdkj Bkjk izf'kDk7k dk, esa O;; d" x;" le(r jkf'k osru k+kksa
lfgr 2;kLk k+ks rFkk %sSfud k+ks dks Qks89dj3 jkT; ljdkj dks
,kSFku" gksx" uksF & // 2v3 rFkk //243 %ksuksa esa izf'kDk7k
vof/k dk v)rj gS // 4 esa r"u ekg ls vf/kd dk izf'kDk7k gksus ij g"
izf'kDk7k esa O;; d" x;" jkf'k ol<," ;ksX; gS$
ij)rq mu %ksuksa g" ifjf(Fkfr;ksa esa ljdkj ds fo'kj ls de&'kj"
dks f%;k x;k izf'kDk7k mld" u;" fu;qfDr esa ,kkdkj" gksxk rks
i<o& i% ds izf'kDk7k ds f,;s O;; d" x;" jkf'k ,kSFk;k tkuk vko';d
ug"a gksxk$ ij)rq mDr eke,ksa esa u;s fu;kstd dks vkos%uiL lDke
vf/kdkj" ds ek/;e ls g" fktok;s tkus 'kfg;s vkSj jkT; ljdkj esa
fu;qfDr ls i<o& vkos%u fd;k gqvk gS rks jkT; lsok esa vkus ds ,d
ekg esa ,sl" l<'uk jkT; ljdkj dks %" tku" 'kfg;s$ ij)rq ,sls de&'kj"
ls ,d uo"u 4)/kiL kjok;k tkosxk fd og u;s fu;kstd ds v/k"u iqjkus
4)/kiL esa vafdr vof/k rd lsok vo'; djsxk$
i-f%k.k,k i-kS djus ls i6oZ vuq0"/kiB Hkjuk vko%;d & . ekg ls
de ds izf'kDk7k gsrq 4)/kiL d" vko';drk ug"a gS ij)rq . ekg ls vf/kd
ij)rq 6 ekg rd ds izf'kDk7k ds f,;s - o!k& rFkk 6 ekg ls vf/kd
izf'kDk7k gksus ij / o!k& rd lsokof/k dk vuq4)/k kjuk vfuok;&
gksxk$
21* ,d le; esa LohdJ ;ksQ; vf/kde vodk%k dh lhek&
2-32d3 ,d de&'kj" dks ,d lkFk fuj)rjrk esa ika' o!k& ls vf/kd le;
dk vodk'k (o"d;r ug"a fd;k tkosxk$
211Ak tgka ,d jkT; de&'kj" fuj)rj ika' o!k& rd vodk'k ij
jgus ds Ik''krM k" lsok esa mif(Fkr ug"a gksrk gS f4uk jkT;ik,
egks%; ds fof'k!F vk%s'k ds vodk'k (o"d;r ug"a fd;k tkosxk rFkk ml
de&'kj" dk ox"&dj7k fu;)L7k ,oa vi", fu;eksa esa fu/kk&fjr
dk;&okg" dj jkT; lsok ls fu!dkf!kr fd;k tkosxk$
212 tgka ,d de&'kj" vodk'k (o"d;fr ds f4uk vFkok (o"d;r
vodk'k d" lekfIr ds Ik''krM vius i% ls vuqif(Fkr jgrk gS rks mlds foHR
jkt(Fkku lsok fu;e =6 ds vuqlkj lsok ls vuqif(Fkr ekudj dk;&okg" d"
tkosx"$ ij)rq ,d de&'kj" fu,f04r jgus ds dkj7k dk;&xzg7k ug"a dj
ldrk gks rks ;g izko/kku ,kx< ug"a gksxsa$
21,1 r"u o!k& rd d" lsok ok,s v(Fkk;" de&'kj" d" lsok,sa
fu;qfDr vf/kdkj" Bkjk ,d ekg dk uksfFl %sdj ;k de&'kj" Bkjk fu;qfDr
vf/kdkj" dks ,d ekg d" l<'uk %sdj fdl" k" le; lekIr d" tk ldr" gS
vkSj vxj fdl" v(Fkk5& de&'kj" d" lsok rqj)r izkko ls lekIr d" tkr"
gS rks de&'kj" ,d ekg d" uksfFl vof/k ds 4%,s esa lsok lekfIr ls
i<o& mls fe, jgs osru k+kksa ds 4jk4j jkf'k izkIr djus dk vf/kdkj"
gksxk$s
21,2 r"u o!k& ls vf/kd vof/k d" lsok ok,s v(Fkk;" de&'kj"
tks fu;qfDr d" vk;qJ ;ksX;rk o le(r 'kr&s i<j" djrk gks rks rFkk
vko';d gksus ij ,ksd lsok ok,s v(Fkk;" de&'kj" tks fu;qfDr d" vk;qJ
;ksX;rk o le(r 'krs& i<j" djrk gks rFkk vko';d gksus ij ,ksd lsok
vk;ksx ds lgefr ls fu;qDr gqvk gks rks mDr fu; esa uksfFl d"
vof/k ,d ekg ds (Fkku ij r"u ekg gksx" rFkk f4uk uksfFl gFk;s tkus ij
de&'kj" r"u ekg ds 4jk4j osru k+kksa dks izkIr djus dk vf/kdkj"
gksxk$
/.2,32/32#k3 tgka v(Fkk5& i%ks ads lekr gks tkus ;k muds
dFkSr" esa vk tkus ds dkj7k v(Fkk;" de&'kfj;ksa dks lsokeqDr fd;k
tkrk gS rks ogka dfu!Kre de&'kj" dks lo&izFke lsokeqDr fd;k
tkosxk$
jk<; deZpkjh ls uksf&l osu ol6'us ij i-f0"/k & lsok fu;e /.
ds vuqlkj ;f% fu;qfDr vf/kdkj" v(Fkk;" lsok ds de&'kj" dks uksfFl
vof/k dk osru %sdj dk;&eqDr dj ldrk gS ij)rq ,d de&'kj" f4uk mf'r
uksfFl f%;s E;kxiL ug"a %s ldrk vxj E;kxiL %sus ok,s ds de&'kj" ds
(Fkku ij O;o(Fkk d" tk ldr" gS rks fu;qfDr izkf/kdkj" uksfFl vof/k
esa f'kfFk,rk iz%ku dj ldrk gS$
v/;k;&1+ vodkYk dh lkek"; YkaZs fu;e 57&87
57&vodkYk dk v!Zu dso' dZ9; lKik$u Zkjk& vodk]k dso,
dr&O; l0ik%u Bkjk g" vft&r fd;s tk ldrsa gSa$ oS%Sf]kd lsok esa
O;r"r vof/k k" dr&O; vof/k eku" tk,x"$ vxj ,sl" vof/k dk
vodk]k osru va]k%ku tek djok f%;k gSa$ 2-@N3 f%? /->?->
-A=-
57, ,slh lsok ls L#kkukaj,k !;ka jk!L#kku lsok fu;e
'kx6 u;h& t4 ,d jkT; de&'kj" fdl" jktd"; lsok esa (Fkkukarfjr
gksus ls i<o& fdl" ,sls i% ij dk;&jr gks tgka jkt(Fkku lsok fu;e
izkko]kk," ug" gks rks ,sl" vof/k dks 5u fu;eksa ds v)rx&r
(o"dk;& ,oa %s; ,kkksa ds v)rx&r dr&O; vof/k ug" ekuk
tkosxk$
58d.kfi6jd isaYku v#kok v;ksQ;k isaYku ij
lsokfuoJf deZpkjh& ;f% ,d jkT; de&'kj" ftls Dkfri<jd vFkok
v;ksX;rk isa]ku ij lsokfuo;r dj f%;k tkrk gSa rFkk rEi]'kr lDke
(o"d;fr ls jkT; lsok esa fdl" i% ij iqu\fu;qDr dj f,;k tkrk gS$
vkSj ,slk de&'kj" mls (o"d;r Dkfri<jd:v;ksX;rk isa]ku jkf]k okil
jktdks!k esa tek djok %srk gSa vkSj (o"d;r isa]ku i<7k&r;k
(Fkfxr dj %" tkosa rks lDke vf/kdkj" d" vuqefr ls mld" xr lsok
vodk]kksa ds vt&u ds f,;s lf0ef,r d" tk ldr" gS$
58Ak lsok ls fu"dk[ /0AkkZL deZpkjh ds la0a/k
esa&jkT; lsok ls fu!dkYr:4#kk&(r de&'kj" ;f% vi", vFkok
iqujko,ksdu ds dkj7kJ lsok esa iqufu&;qDr fd;k tkrk gSa rks og
viu" i<o& d" lsokvksa dks vodk]kksa ds vat&u ds f,;s lf0ef,r
djok ldrk gS$
,d de&'kj" ftls vf/kokf!k&d" vk;q vFkok v); dkj7kksa ls
lsok fuo;r dj f%;k tkos rks lk/kkj7kr;k mld" iqu\fu;qfDr dks
uo"u o v(Fkk;" Hi ls fu;qDr le^k tkuk 'kfg, rFkk ml vof/k esa
mldks vodk'k v(Fkk;" jkT; de&'kfj;kas ij izkko'k", fu;eksa ds
vuqlkj g" %s; gksaxsa$
5@&vodk%k i-kS djuk vf/kdkj u;h&,d de&'kj" mls %s;
vodk'k dks vf/kdkj ds Hi esa ug" ekax ldrk$ vodk'k (o"d;rk
izkf/kdkj" dks ;g fo'ks!kkf/kdkj gksxk fd og tufgr esa vkosf%r
vodk'k dks v(o"d;r dj %sJ de le; dk (o"d;r dj %s vFkok (o"d;r
vodk'k dks fdl" k" le; fuj(Ek:#kf78r dj %s$ ij)rq (o"d;rk
vf/kdkj" dks vodk'k d" izd;fr 4%,us dk vf/kdkj ug" gS$
vodk%k fu;eksa dh x' 9;kA;k dj vokafR 'kHk
5Pkus ls jksdus dk vf/kdkj&%ks vodk'k ds 4"' ukeekL dk
le; vFkok v)rjk, ls u;s izd;fr ds vodk'k gsrq de&'kj" Bkjk fd;s
vkos%u ij (o"d;rk vf/kdkj" lko/kku"i<o&d tka' djus ij fd)g"
dkj7kksa ls ;g fo'okl gks tkos fd de&'kj" Bkjk fu;eksa dks x,r
_ax ls O;k#;k dj vokafQr ,kk ,sus d" dksf'k'k d" tk jg" gSa
rks (o"d;rk vf/kdkj" fu;e NA ds rgr vodk'k vkos%u iL fuj(r dj
ldrk gS$
5iHkksx fd;s x;s vodk%k dh i-dJf 0$'us dk vf/kdkj&
,d jkT; de&'kj" ftls i<o& esa fdl" izdkj dk vodk'k (o"d;r dj f%;k
x;k gks rks mlds vkos%u ij vodk'k d" izd;fr i<o& izkko ls
4%,us d" (o"sd;fr %" tk ldr" gS ij)rq ,slk vkos%u vodk'k lekfIr
ds r"u ekg esa lDke vf/kdkj" dks izkIr gks x;k gks rFkk vodk'k
mikksx ds le; ml izd;fr dk vodk'k de&'kj" ds vodk'k #kkrs esa
'ks!k gks$ vxj 5l izdkj vodk'k d" izd;fr esa ifjor&u ds G,(oHi
vxj de&'kj" dks vf/kd kqxrku gks x;k gks rks mld" ol<," d"
tkosx" rFkk de kqxrku d" f(Fkfr esa vkSj kqxrku djuk
gksxk$
7+ vodk%k dk i-kjKHk vk>j lekfS& vodk'k lk/kkj7kr\ ml f%u
izkj0k gksrk gS ftl f%u dk;&kkj dk (Fkkukaurj7k gksrk gSa
rFkk dk;&kkj xzg7k ds i<o& f%u lekIr gks tkrk gSa$
7+, vodk%k i-k#kZuk iB ij ik vafd djuk& vodk'k ij iz(Fkku
djus ok,s de&'kj" dks vodk'k izkFk&uk iL esa vodk'k dk, ds
%kSjku viuk irk vafdr djuk 'kfg, rFkk vodk'k dk, ds %ksjku vxj
mlesa dks5& ifjor&u gksrk gSa rks mld" l<'uk rqj)r lDke
vf/kdkj" dks %su" 'kfg,$
71 vodk%k ls i6oZ v#kok i%pk lkoZ!fud vodk%k iGus ij &
,d de&'kj" dk vodk'k dk, izkj0k gksus ls i<o& vFkok
vodk'kksa d" lekfIr ds i''kr ,d ;k ,d ls vf/kd lko&tfud vodk'k
i8rs gksa rks og de&'kj" vodk'k izkj0k gksus ds i<o& f%u
2e/;k)g i''kr3 miuk dk;k&,; fu0ukafdr 'krks&a ds v/k"u Qks8
ldrk gS$
d> mlds dk;k&,; eas 50izsl jkf'k ,oa v); izfrk<fr;ka rFkk
v); /kujkf'k;ka l0kku,uk lf0ef,r ug" gSa$
#k> mlds 'k"Vkz izz(Fkku djus ls fdl" de&'kj" dks v);
(Fkku ls mlds ,ot esa dk;& l0ik%u ds f,, 'k"Vkz ug" 4q,kuk
i8s$
x> vodk'k ds v)r esa lko&tfud vodk'k dk mikksx djus ds
dkj7k mld" vuqif(Fkfr esa dk;&kkj lakk,us ok,s O;fDr dks
okil vius eq#;k,; ij tkus ls jksduk i8rk gks$
72 R6& $sus dh %kf:&;f% vodk'k ij tkus ok,k vodk'k ds
%kSjku vius izkkj d" /kujkf'k ds f,;s (o; g" mrj%k;" jgrk gS rks
fu;e 6- ds izko/kku ,kx< ug" gksaxsa$
71*;f$ lkoZ!fud vodk%k dk la;ks!u vodk%k ds lk#k ;ks ks
ikfj,kkfed 9;oL#kk,sa& t4 rd lDke izkf/kdkj" fdl" izdj7k esa
dks5& fo'ks!k vk%s'k ug" %s r4 rd&
d> ;f% lko&tfud vodk'k %s; vodk'kksa ls i<o& `SreXxedR esa gks rks
vodk'k osru ,oa k+ks ,sls lko&tfud vodk'k ds lekfIr ds vx,s f%u
izkj0k gksaxaas$
#k> ;f% lko&tfud vodk'kJ(o"d;r vodk'k ds 4k% i8rs gkss rks
`SuaxedR rks osru ,oa k+kksa ds la4a/k esa O;o(Fkk ml f%u rd
,kx< jgsx" ftl f%u ,sls (o"d;r vodk'k lekIr gks tkos vFkk&r vxj
lko&tfud vodk'k ug" gksrk rks de&'kj" ds vodk'k d" vof/k lekIr
gks tkr"$
uks&W& $ks;jh 9;oL#kk ds dkj,k fo%ks"k osu ds la0a/k
es 'kHk& jkt(Fkku lsok fu;e N? ds vuqlkj vxj de&'kj" dks vius
i% ds lkFk lkFk vfrfjDr i% dk k" dk;&kkj lkSaik x;k gks rks
vfrfjDr dk;& djus ds f,, (o"d;r fd;s tkus ok,s %ksgjs kErs gsrq
mDr i<o&or" o vuqor"& vodk'k %ksgj" O;o(Fkk d" x7kuk esa
lf0ef,r d" tkosx" rFkk r%kuqlkj mDr vof/k dk fo'ks!k osru
(o"d;r fd;k tk;sxk$
721vodkYk ds $k>jku 9;olk;/fu!h lsok fu"ks/k &,d
de&'kj" vodk'k ds %kSjku fut" O;olk; ftlesa 'kF&8
,dkm7Fs8:dku<u" rFkk f'fdEl"; la4a/k" lsok,sa k" lf0ef,r
gSJ ljdkj d" i<o& vuqefr ds f4uk ug" dj ldrk$
fu;e721 fdu ij 'kx6 u;h ;>)& 1 vkdf(ed
dk;&2/3lkfgfE;d dk;&2.3 ij"Dkd ds Hi esa dk;& ;k 5l" izd;fr
ds v); dk;& 2@3,sl" de&'kj" lsok,sa ftudks lsok fu;eksa ds
vuqlkj ,d l"ek rd fut" izsfDFl dj G"l izkIr djus d"s vuqefr %" x;"
gS tSls fd f'fdEld dks fut" izsfDFl djus d" vuqefr muds lsok
fu;eksa ds vuqlkj %" x;" gS$
2fu!h lsok/9;olk; dh LohdJf ij osu&,d de&'kj"
ftldks vodk'k dk, esa fdl" ljdkj ;k fut" fu;kstd ds ikl lsok d"
vuqefr iz%ku d" x;" gS rks vodk'k dk, ds %kSjku vodk'k osru
d" vuqefr ,sl" vuqefr esa %" x;" fof'k!F 'krks&a ds v/k"u gksxk
tks jkT;ik, ds fof'k!F vk%s'kksa Bkjk fu/kk&fjr fd;k tkosxk$
fu;e6@2/3 mu v(Fkk;" de&'kfj;ksa ij k" ,kx< gksxk tks
vodk'k dk, esa fdl" jkT; ljdkj:fut" fu;kstd:(Fkku"; fuf/k ds
v/k"u ukSdj" izkIr djrk gSa mDr izfr4a/k vuq4a/k ij fu;qDr
de&'kj" ij k" ,kx< gksxk$
fu,kZ;& vxj ,d deZpkjh dks lsok fuoJf i6oZ vodk%k ;k
vLohdJ vodk%k dh vof/k esa fdlh v"; ljdkj ;k x>j ljdkjh
fu;ks!d v#kok L#kkuh; fuf/k ds v/khu lsok djus dh
vuqef i-$ku dh x;h ;> ks 5: vodk%k vof/k esa 5ls
vZZ osu vodk%k ds leku osu $s; ;ksxk)
6N> ,d de&'kj" vfuok;& lsokfuo;r ls i<o& vodk'k ij ',k x;k gks
vkSj jkT; ljdkj dks fdl" i% ij fu;qfDr gsrq mld" vko';drk gks vkSj
de&'kj" okil lsok esa vkus dks rS;kj gks rks mls okil 4q,k f,;k
tk;sxk vkSj lsok esa mif(Fkr gksus rd tks k" vodk'k 'ks!k
jgsxk mls fuj(r dj f%;k tk;sxk rFkk v(o"d;r vodk'k ds Hi esa le^k
tkosxk$ rFkk og vfuok;& lsok fuo;fr d" frfFk ls ;k iqu&fu;qfDr
d" vof/k lekir gksus ds 4k% ls (o"d;r fd;k tkosxk2;f% de&'kj"
vfuok;& lsok fuo;fr ds f%u rd ;k mlds 4k% k" lsokjr jgsa3
77*vodk%k ls okil 0q'kuk& fdl" jkT; de&'kj" dks mldks
(o"d;r vodk'k d" lekfIr ls i<o& lasok es okil 4q,k f,;k tkrk gS
vkSj lsok esa vkuk (oSfSQd u gksdj vko';d gks rks og ml
f%ukad ls lsok esa mif(Fkr ekuk tkosxk ftl f%u og ml (Fkku ds
f,, iz(Fkku djrk gSa tgka igq'us ij mls vk%sf'kr fd;k gks rFkk og
fu/kk&fjr %j ls ;kLk krk ikus dk vf/kdkj" gksxk$
77* vodk%k LohdJf ;sq i-k#kZuk iB& vodk'k (o"d;fr ds
f,;s vFkok vodk'k esa o;fB ds f,, izkFk&uk iL ml lDke vf/kdkj"
dks f%;k tkuk 'kfg, tks fd vodk'k (o"d;fr gsrq lDke gksa$
78*o>$>f%kd lsok ds $k>jku vodk%k 'kHk&oS%Sf'kd lsok
esa (Fkkukuarj7k ls i<o& ,d de&'kj" dks oS%Sf'kd lsok ds
%kSjku ,kx< gksus ok,s vodk'k fu;eksa d" tkudkj" %" tku"
'kfg,2;f% og e<, fu;qfDr vf/kdkj" ds fu;eks ls fk)u gks$3
7@*Hkkj esa o>$>f%kd lsok esa 'kHk&kkjr esa g"
oS%Sf'kd lsok esa izfrfu;qDr jkT; de&'kfj;ksa dks -/? f%u rd ds
mikft&r vodk'k ds vfrfjDr v); vodk'kksa ds lk" vkos%u iL
egk,s#kkdkj d" fjiks&F ds lkFk oS%Sf'kd fu;sktd ds ek/;e ls
vodk'k (o"d;r djus ok,s lDke vf/kdkj" dks iz(rqr djus 'kfg,$
7+* jk!ifB vf/kdkfj;ksa dks fpfdLlk i-ek,k iB ds vk/kkj ij
vodk%k LohdJf ;sq fpfdLlk i-ek,k iB dk fu/kkZfj i-iB&
fu;e O? esa f%;s x;s fu/kk&fjr iziL esa tgka vko';d gks
la'kks/ku:dfFax:iqu&,s#ku fd;k tkdj f'fdElk izek7k iL i<7k&
fd;k tkuk 'kfg, vkSj ml" vk/kkj ij lDke vf/kdkj" dks f'fdElk
vodk'k (o"d;r djuk 'kfg,$ vi<7k& f'fdElk izek7k iL ij vodk'k
(o"d;r djuk fu;ekuqlkj ug" gSa vkSj vxj ,slk fd;k x;k gS tks 5ls
vuq'kklug"urk ekurs gq, (o"d;rk/kkj" ds foHB vuq'kklukEed
dk;&okg" d" tku" 'kfg,$
uks&W& f'fdElk izek7k iL esa d" x;" YGkfj'k ds vk/kkj ij
de&'kj" mu vodk'k dk vf/kdkj" ug" gkas tkrk tks mls
fu;ekuqlkj %s; ug" gSa$ f'fdElk izek7k iL ij vkos%d ds g(EkkDkj
gksus 'kfg;s$ f'fdElk izek7k iL tkj" djus ok,k vf/kdkj" dks ;g
izekf7kr djus dk vf/kdkj ug" gksxk fd vkos%d dks ,d (Fkku ls
%<ljs (Fkku ij (Fkkukuarj7k d" vko';drk gSa vFkok og (Fkku
fo'kas!k ij tkus vFkok jgus ds v;ksX; gS$ ,slk izek7k"dj7k dso,
ml" vo(Fkk esa fd;k tk ldrk gS t4 la4af/kr iz'kklfud vf/kdkj"
us ,slk (i!F Hi ls 'kgk gks$
71 o 72 foyksfr fnukad 05-12-1980
71* laf$Q/k i-dj,kksa esa vkos$d dks fpfdLlh; ijh.k,k
esa jAkuk&laf%X/k vodk'k izdj7kksa esa f'fdElk izek7k iL %sus
vFkok ug" %sus ds fu7k&; ls i<o& f'fdElk 4ks8& vkos%d dks
vf/kdre -@ f%uksa rd f'fdEl"; ij"Dk7k esa j#k ldrk gS vkSj
fu/kk&fjr iziL eas ,d izek7k iL> tkj" djsxk$
Z">>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>us vodk'k (o"d;fr gsrq f'fdElk izek7k
iL ds f,, vkos%uiL iz(rqr fd;k gSa 5l izdkj dk izek7k iL tkj" djus
vFkok vkos%u v(o"dkj djus ls i<o& ge>>>>>>>>>f%uksa ds f,,
Z">>>>>>>>>>>>>>>dks f'fdEl"; ij"Dk7k esa j#kuk vko';d le^Eksa gS$
721 jk!ifB vf/kdkfj;ksa dks fpfdLlk i-ek,k iB ds
vk/kkj ij vodk%k LohdJ djuk& jktifLr vf/kdkj" dks fdl"
izkf/kd;r f'fdEld2jktd"; v(irk,:vkS!k/kk,;:%ok#kkus esa
dk;&jr jktd"; f'fdElk vf/kdkj":oSP:gd"e:gks0;ksisfFkd
f'fdEld vkf%3 Bkjk iz%r f'fdElk izek7k iL2fu;e O? ds vuqlkj3
ds vk/kkj ij lDke vf/kdkj" 6? f%uksa rd dk vodk'k (o"d;r dj ldrk
gSa$
2/3 vodk'k d" vof/k 6? f%uksa ls vf/kd gksus d" f(Fkfr esa
f'fdElk izek7k iL eq#; f'fdElk vf/kdkj" ,oa (ok(F; vf/kdkj"
vFkok mlls mS' vf/kdkj" Bkjk iz%r f'fdElk izek7k iL ds vk/kkj ij
(o"d;r fd;k tk ldrk gS$
2.3 vxj ,d jktifLr vf/kdkj" v(irk, esa kr"& gksdj viuk `I%doorR
5,kt djokrk gS rks ,sls izdj7k esa ml v(irk,2ftlesa vf/kdkj" Bkjk
viuk 5,kt djok;k x;k gks3 ds izkkj" f'fdElk ,oa (ok(F;
vf/kdkj":iazeq#k f'fdElk vf/kdkj" ls de (rj dk ug" gksJ ds
f'fdElk izek7k iL ds vk/kkj ij vodk'k (o"d;r fd;k tk ldrk gS$
75* fu;e 72 ds ; i-kS; i-ek,k iB fpfdLlk i-ek,k iBD
vodk%k dk vf/kdkj iB u;h&,d jktifLr vf/kdkj" Bkjk fu;e O@ ds
v)rx&r okafQr f'fdElk izek7k iL izkIr djus ds i''kr fu/kk&fjr iziL
esa vodk'k vkos%uiL 2f'fdElk izek7k iL l,aXu djrs gq,
3vodk'k (o"d;fr gsrq lDke vf/kdkj" dks iz(rqr djuk gksxk rFkk
(o"d;fr vk%s'kksa d" izr"Dkk dju" gksx"J 5l la4a/k esa ;g k"
mW,s#ku"; gS fd dso, f'fdElk izek7k iL izkIr djus ds vk/kkj ij g"
de&'kj" ,sls vodk'k izkIr djus dk g" vf/kdkj" ug" gks tk;sxk$
77* vijk!fB deZpkjh dks fpfdLlk i-ek,k iB ds vk/kkj ij
vodk%k&1d ,d vjktifLr dks izkf/kd;r f'fdEld Bkjk iz%r
f'fdElk izek7k iL ds vk/kkj ij lDke vf/kdkj" Bkjk vodk'k (o"d;r
fd;k tk ldrk gS$ml f'fdElk izek7k iL esa ;Fkk lako 4"ekj" d"
izd;frJ 5&,kt d" lakkfor vof/k vkf% dk fooj7k vafdr fd;k
tkosxk$
771Ak ,d de&'kj" ftl (Fkku ij 4"ekj i8rk gSa ;f% ogka
dks5& izkf/kd;r f'fdEld ug" gks vFkk&r jktd";
f8lisa'kuj":vkS!k/kk,;:%ok#kkuk 5E;kf% ug" gks rks ml (Fkku
ij f(Fkr ,d iat"d;r f'fdElk O;olk;" 2vkj>,e>i">3ds izek7k iL ds
vk/kkj ij k" vodk'k f%;k tk ldrk gS fd)rq ,sls izek7k iL esa
O;olk;" dk iat";u izek7k iL vko';d Hi ls vafdr gksuk 'kfg,$
772 vodk'k (o"d;fr gsrq lDke izkf/kdkj" (ofoosd ds vk/kkj
ij fdl" jktd"; f'fdElk vf/kdkj" tks izeq#k f'fdElk vf/kdkj" ls de
(rj dk ug" gksJ dks fuos%u dj vkos%d dks iqu\ f'fdElk ij"Dk7k
djok ldsxk$
771 fu;e O62/3 esa mfW,f#kr jktd"; f'fdElk de&'kj" dk
dr&O; gksxk fd og vkos%d ds jksxJ mlds mi'kj gsrq YGkfj'k d"
x;" vof/k %ksuks ds la4a/k esa viu" l0efr izdF djus ds f,,
vkos%d dks vius vFkok vius Bkjk euksu"r f'fdElk vf/kdkj" ds
leDk mif(Fkr gksus gsrq fu%s&f'kr dj ldsxk$
772 vjktifLr de&'kfj;ksa gsrq f'fdElk izek7k iL dk fu/kk&fjr
iziL 5l fu;e esa f%;k x;k gSa ij)rq 5l fu;e ds v)rx&r tkj" f'fdElk
izek7k iL ds vk/kkj ij de&'kj" dks vodk'k dk vf/kdkj izkIr ug"
gksrk$
77*pq#kZ 4s,kh deZpkjh fpfdLlk i-ek,k iB ds vk/kkj ij
vodk%k&,d 'rqFk& Zs7k" de&'kj" ds la4a/k esa f'fdElk izek7k
iL ds vk/kkj ij vodk'k (o"d;fr vFkok mld" o;fB gsrq vodk'k
(o"d;rk vf/kdkj" tSlk g" i;k&Ir le^s f'fdElk izek7k iL (o"dkj dj
ldrk gS$
78*laf$Q/k eke'ksa esa vodk%k LohdJf dh [Nkfj%k djuk
fu"ks=k&fdl" ,sls eke,s esa tgka f'fdElk vf/kdkj" d" jk; esa
vodk'k ds mikksx ds i''kr de&'kj" ds iqu\ lsok esa mif(Fkr
gksus d" vk'kk g" ug" gS rks f'fdElk vf/kdkj" dks vodk'k
(o"d;r djus d" YGkfj'k ug" dju" 'kfg, ojMu ,sls izdj7k esa izek7k
iL esa dso, ;g" vafdr djuk 'kfg, fd de&'kj" (Fkk;" Hi ls jkT;
lsok ds v;ksX; gSa$
7@*fpfdLlk i-ek,k iB vodk%k dk vf/kdkj u;h&f'fdElk
vf/kdkj" J lfefr vFkok e78, Bkjk fdl" de&'kj" dks vodk'k d"
YGkfj'k ds vk/kkj ij dks5& de&'kj" ,sls vodk'kksa dks vf/kdkj ds
Hi esa ug" ekax ldsxk tks ml de&'kj" ij izkko" lsok
fu;eksa:'krks&a ds v)rx&r mls %s; ug" gks$
8+*vodk%k LohdJf esa i-k#kfedk,sa& vxj ,d g" le; esa ,d
ls vf/kd de&'kj" ,d g" vof/k ds f,;s vodk'k gsrq vkos%u djrsa
gSa rFkk lk" de&'kfj;ksa dks ,d lkFk vodk'k f%;k tkuk lako
ug" gks rks lko&tfud fgr dks /;ku esa j#krs gq, vodk'k (o"d;rk
izkf/kdkj" dks fu0ukafdr f4a%qvksa ds vuqlkj ,f04r vodk'k
vkos%u iLksa dk fu(rkj7k djuk 'kfg;s$
2d3fdl de&'kj" dks jkT; dk;& d" lqfo/kkuqlkj rqj)r dk;&eqDr
fd;k tk ldrk gSa$
2#k3 vkos%d de&'kfj;ksa ds #kkrsa esa 'ks!k vodk'k d" vof/k$
2x3 xr vodk'k ls ,kSFus ds 4k% izE;sd vkos%d Bkjk d" x;" lsok
d" vof/k rFkk vkosf%r vodk'k d" izd;fr$
2Vk3 muesa ls D;k fdl" de&'kj" dks i<o& esa (o"d;r vodk'k
d" vof/k lekIr gksus ls i<o& g" lsok es okil 4q,k f,;k x;k gks$
2893 muesa ls i<o& esa fdl" de&'kj" dks vkosf%r vodk'k
jktd"; fgr ds e/;utj v(o"d;r dj f%;k x;k gks$
81*laf$Q/k eke'ksa esa vodk%k dh $s;k&tgka f'fdElk
vf/kdkj" us l0efr O;Dr dj %" gSa fd ,d de&'kj" ds lsok ij ,kSFus
d" lkkouk ug" gSa rks ,sls de&'kj" dks ;f% vodk'k %s; gSa rks
lDke izkf/kdkj" fu0u 'krks&a ij mls vodk'k v(o"d;r dj ldrk gS&
2d3 ;f% f'fdElk vf/kdkj" ;g 4kr fuf''r Hi ls ug" dg lds fd og lsok
es ,kSF ldsxk vFkok ug" rksJ dq, vodk'k vf/kdre -/ ekg dk
(o"d;r fd;k tk ldrk gSa vkSj ftls vkxs f4uk f'fdEld d" l0efr ls
4_k;k ug" tk ldsxk$
2#k3 ;f% ,d de&'kj" dks f'fdElk lfefr Bkjk i<7k& ,oa (Fkk;" Hi ls
vkxs lsok djus ds v;ksX; Vkksf!kr dj f%;k gS rks mls f'fdElk
vf/kdkj" ls fjiks&F izkIr gksus ds 4k% g" vodk'k (o"d;r fd;k tk
ldsxk vFkok i<o& esa (o"d;r vodk'k esa vkxs o;fB d" tk ldsx"
ij)rq ,sl" vof/k 6 ekg ls vf/kd d" ug" gksx"$
82*fu"dk[ fd;s x;s deZpkfj;ksa dh vodk%k LohdJf djuk
fu"ks/k&,d ,sls de&'kj" dks vodk'k (o"d;r ug" fd;k tkuk 'kfg,
tks %qO;&ogkj vFkok lkek); v;ksX;rk ds vk/kkj ij gFk;k x;k gks
vFkok gFk;k tkus ok,k gks$
81*vodk%k 5iHkksx ds 0k$ lsok ij 5ifL#k ;ksus ds f',
LoL#k ;ksus dk i-ek,k iB vko%;d&,d de&'kj" ftlus f'fdElk
izek7k iL ds vk/kkj ij vodk'k dk mikksx fd;k gksJ mls lsok eas
ml le; rd ug" f,;k tk ldsxk t4 rd fd og 5l fu;e Bkjk fu/kk&fjr iziL
esa (o(Fkrk izek7k iL ia(rqr ug" dj %srk$
=@> vk%s'k f%ukad ?N>-/>-A=? Bkjk fo,ksXr$
85*d1 LohdJ vodk%kksa dh vof/k ls i6oZ lsok es
'k>&uk fu"ks/k& ,d jkT; de&'kj" dks ,d fuf''r vof/k dk vodk'k
(o"d;r dj f%;k tkos rks og ml vof/k ls i<o& lsok ij ml le; rd okil
ug" ,kSF ldrk t4 rd vodk'k (o"d;rk izkf/kdkj" mls lsok esa
mif(Fkr gksus d" vuqefr ug" %srk$
852 #k78 d2-3 esa izko/kku gksrs gq, k" ,d fuo;fr i<o&
vodk'k ij de&'kj" dks f4uk fu;qfDr vf/kdkj" d" lgefr ds
lsokfuo;fr d" (o"d;fr okil ,sdj mls dr&O; ij ,kSFus ls jksduk
'kfg,$
85Ak vodk'k ls ,kSFus ok,k ,d de&'kj" ml la4a/k"
vk%s'kksa d" vuqif(Fkfr esa ml" i% ij dk;&kkj xzg7k djus dk
vf/kdkj" ug" gSa ftl i% ls og vodk'k ij x;k FkkJ mls lsok esa
mif(Fkr d" l<'uk lDke vf/kdkj" dks %sdj i%(Fkkiu vk%s'kksa d"
izr"Dkk dju" 'kfg,s$
871 vodk%k la0a/kh $qjkpj,k&,d de&'kj" lDke vf/kdkj" ls
f4uk vodk'k (o"d;r djok;s vius dr&O; ls tku4q^dj vuqif(Fkr jgk
ekuk tk;sxk vkSj ,sl" vuqif(Fkfr dks blsok esa O;o/kkuc ekurs
gq, XQ,s lsokdk, dks tUr dj f,;k tk ldsxk t4 rd larks!kiz% dkj7k
4rkus ij mDr vuqif(Fkfr vof/k dks lDke vf/kdkj" Bkjk mls %s;
vodk'k ds Hi esa (o"d;r dj fu;fer ug" dj f%;k tkrk vFkok vlk/kkj7k
vodk'kksa esa ifjofr&r ug" dj f%;k tkrk$
872d ,d de&'kj" tks (o"d;r vk%s'k d" lekfIr ds i''kr
vFkok lDke izkf/kdkj" Bkjk vodk'k o;fB ls euk djus ds mijk)r
k" oks lsok esa mif(Fkr ug" gksrk gS rks ,sl" vuqif(Fkfr d"
vof/k ds f,;s og fdl" izdkj ds osru krs izkIr djus dk vf/kdkj"
ug" gksxk t4 rd larks!kiz% dkj7k 4rkus ij mDr vuqif(Fkfr vof/k
dks lDke izkf/kdkj" Bkjk mls %s; vodk'k ds Hi esa (o"d;r dj fu;fer
ug" dj f%;k tkrk vFkok vlk/kkj7k vodk'kksa esa ifjofr&r ug" dj
f%;k tkrk$
872Ak vodk'k d" lekfIr ds i''kr vius dr&O;ksa ls
(osSQki<7k& vuqif(Fkr jgus ij ,d de&'kj" dks vuq'kklukEed
dk;&okg" ds f,, mrj%k;" 4uk %sr" gS$
871 fu;e =62-32/3 esa dqQ k" mW,s#k gksus ij ,d ,sls
jkT; de&'kj" ds foHB ox"&dj7kJfu;aL7k ,oa vi", fu;eksa ds
vuqlkj fokkx"; dk;&okg" izkj0k dj ldrk gSa tks vius i% ls ,d
ekg ls vf/kd le; ls (osSQk ls vuqif(Fkr gks ,slk vkjksi YB gks
tkus ij vuq'kklfud izkf/kdkj" Bkjk mls lsok ls fu!dkYr fd;k tk ldrk
gS$
872 fo'ks!k ifjf(Fkfr;ksa dks Qks8djJ jkT; ljdkj ,d de&'kj"
dks tks fuj)rj N o!k& ls vf/kd vof/k rd vuqif(Fkr jgrk gS$ rks
2oS%sf'kd lsok ds vfrfjDr3 lsok ls E;kxiL f%;k gqvk ekuk
tkosxk ij)rq 5l fu;e dks ,kx< djus ds f,, de&'kj" dks vuqif(Fkfr
dk dkj7k (i!F djus ds f,;s mf'r le; f%;k tkuk 'kfg;s$
jk!L#kku ljdkj dk fu,kZ;
dr&O; ls (osSQki<o&d vuqif(Fkfr 2tks ,d vodk'k ds
fuj)rjrk esa gS3 'kgs ml vof/k dk vodk'k (o"d;r fd;k x;k gks
vFkok ug" i%kf/kdkj dks lekIr ug" djr"J ,sl" vuqif(Fkfr lsok
vof/k dks le(r iz;kstuks ds f,;s tSls okf!k&d osru o;fBJ vodk'kJ
isa'ku vkf% ds f,, 'k<); ekuk tkosxk rFkk ij)rq tgka dr&O; ls
vuqif(Fkfr fdl" izdkj ds (o"d;r vodk'k ds fuj)rjrk esa ug" gSa
rks mls isa'ku o v); iz;kstuksa gsrq lsok esa O;o/kku ekuk tkdj
i<o& d" lsok tUr eku" tk;sx"$
v/;k;&11 vodkYk 87&127
87* vodk%k fu;e fdu deZpkfj;ksa ij 'kx6 ;> & jkT; de&'kfj;ksa
dks %s; vodk'kksa d" izd;fr ,oa mud" vof/k ds l04)/k esa fu;e
2izf1;k l04)/k" fu;eksa ds vfrfjDr3 dso, (Fkk;" de&'kfj;ksa ij g"
,kx< gksxsa v(Fkk;" de&'kfj;ksa ij ml" vo(Fkk esa ,kx< gksaxs
t4 fu;eksa esa 5l 4kjs esa (i!F dj f%;k x;k gks$
87* v vodk%k 'sAkksa dk la/kkj,k & jkT; de&'kj" dk vodk'k
,s#kk jkt(Fkku lsok fu;e kkx&/ ds ifjf'k!F&kk 2-3 vafdr iziL la#;k
- esa j#kk tkosxk$
87* 0k jk!ifB vf/kdkfj;ksa ds vodk%k 'sAkksa dk
la/kkj,k fdl i-kf/kdkjh Zkjk fd;k !kosxk & jktifLr vf/kdkfj;ksa ds
vodk'k ,s#ks mu izkf/kdkfj;ksa Bkjk la/kkfjr fd;s tkosaxs ft)gsa lsok
fu;e -6?2/3 ds vuqlkj mudks lsokfk,s#k la/kkfjr djus d"
ft0es%kj" %" x;" gS$
87*0kk vjk!ifB deZpkfj;ksa ds vodk%k 'sAkksa dk
la/kkj,k & vjktifLr de&'kfj;ksa dk vod'k ,s#kkJ ml dk;k&,; ds
dk;k&,;k/;Dk Bkjk j#kk tkosaxk ftl dk;k&,; esa de&'kj" fu;qDr gS$
88* fofHk"u i-dkj ds vodk%k dk la;ks!u & fdl" k" izdkj ds
vodk'k dks 2vkdf(ed vodk'k ds vfrfjDr3 v); fdl" izdkj ds vodk'k ds
lkFk vFkok mud" fuj)rjrk esa (o"d;r fd;k tk ldrk gS$
8@* vf/kokf"kZdh vk;q ds i%pkT vodk%k dh LohdJf &
lk/kkj7kr;k vfuok;& lsokfuo;f+k 2vf/kokf!k&d" vk;q ij3 ds i''krM
fdl" de&'kj" dks fdl" izdkj dk dks5& vodk'k (o"d;r ug"a fd;k
tkosxk$ ij)rq vxj fdl" de&'kj" d" vfuok;& lsokfuo;f+k d" f%ukad ds
4k% ,ksdfgr esa mld" lsoko;fR (o"d;r d" x;" gS rks lsokfuo;f+k d"
frfFk ds i''krM fu0ukuqlkj vodk'k (o"d;r fd;k tk ldrk gS$
2-3 lsoko;fR ds %kSjku (o"d;r fd;s tkus ok,s vod'k & lsokfuo;f+k
ds le; 4dk;k vft&r vodk'k rFkk lsoko;fR d" vof/k essa vft&r vodk'k
%ksuks
2/3 lsoko;fR d" vof/k lekIr gksus ds 4k% (o"d;r fd;s tkus ok,s
vodk'k&
2d3 mikft&r vodk'k tks vfuok;& lsokfuo;f+k d" f%ukad dks (o"d;r
fd;s tk ldrs Fks ij)rq muesa ls tks vodk'k mlus lsoko;fR d" vof/k esa
mikksx dj f,;k gSJ m)gsa de dj f%;k tkosxk$
2#k3 lsoko;fR d" vof/k esa de&'kj" Bkjk vft&r o ekaxk x;k vodk'k
ftls ,ksdfgr d" vko';drk ds dkj7k v(o"d;r dj f%;k x;k gks$
@+* fo'ksH f$ukad 28*1+*1@57
@1* 5ikf!Z vodk%k dh $s;k Fiviled;e leave & 2-32d3 ,d
(Fkk;" vFkok v(Fkk;" lsok ds de&'kj" dks ,d dS,s78j o!k& esa .?
f%u dk mikft&r vodk'k %s; gS$
2#k3 kkjr"; iqf,l lsok ds l%(; ds v,kok jkt(Fkku l'k(L iqf,l ds l%(;
2Lajas!ha$ )5ed 3o$s!a(ula'3 tks kkjr"; fjt&o 4Fkf,;u esa
izfrfu;qfDr gks ;k %s'k d" l"ekvksa ij rSuk gks dks ,d dS,s78j o!k&
esa .? ds (Fkku ij @/ f%uksa dk mikft&r vodk'k %s; gksxk$
xk 5ikf!Z vodk%k dh vf/kde lhek& ,d jkT; de&'kj"
vius vodk'k ,s#kksa esa vf/kdre .?? 2i<o& esa ;g l"ek /@? Fk" tks
fo+k fokkx ds vk%s'k f%ukad ?/>?@>-AA= Bkjk ?->?->-AA= ls
la'kksf/kr d" x;" gS3 f%u dk mikft&r vodk'k laf'r djus dk vf/kdkj"
gksxk$
xkk vf/kde lhek esa jk!L#kku l%kLB iqf'l 0' ds
l$L;ksa dks R6& & kkjr"; iqf,l lsok ds v,kok jkt(Fkku l'k(L iqf,l
ds l%(; tks kkjr"; fjt&o 4Fkf,;u 2S$dia$ Leseve Pa!!alio$3 esa
izfrfu;qfDr ij gS rFkk ftls i<o& esa vkosf%r mikft&r vodk'k ftls
,ksdfgr ds dkj7k i<7k&r;k ;k vkaf'kd HIk ls dkj7k 4rkrs gq, v(o"d;r
fd;k x;k gS vius vodk'k ,s#kksa esa .?? ls vf/kd mru" l"ek rd
vodk'k laf'r j#kus ds vf/kdkj" gksaxs$
@1*2dk 5ikf!Z vodk%k d0 !ek ;ksxk& izE;sd jkT;
de&'kj" dks dS,s78j o!k& esa %ks 4kj - tuoj" rFkk - tq,k5& dks -N
f%u ;k /- f%u 2jkt(Fkku l'k(L iqf,l 4, ds l%(;k ds eke,s esa3 dk
mikft&r vodk'kJ tSl" k" f(Fkfr gks tek fd;s tkosaxs$
@1*2dkk f0uk 5iHkksx fd;s x;s dk;Zx-;,k dk'
dks 5ikf!Z vodk%k Akkksa esa !ek fd;k !kuk& jkt(Fkku Yfo,
lsok 2i%kkj xzg7kdk,3 fu;e -A=- ds fu;e N2@3 ds vuqlkj ,d
de&'kj" dks %s; i%kkj xzg7kdk, mikksx ug"a djus vFkok %s;
xzg7kdk, ls de mikksx d" %'kk ls 'ks!k u mikksx fd;k x;k dk;&
xzg7kdk, de&'kj" ds mikft&r vodk'k #kkrs esa tek fd;k tkosxk ij)rq
fGj k" ,sls vodk'k dks fe,kdj vodk'k #kkrs dk 'ks!k .?? ls vf/kd
ug"a gksxk$
@1*2Ak vlk/kj,k vodk%k ij j;s dh fL#kf esa 5ikf!Z
vodk%k esa deh & vxj ,d de&'kj" dS,s78j o!k& d" fdl" Qekg" esa
-? ;k vf/kd f%ol ds f,;s vlk/kkj7k vodk'k 2fu;e A63 ij jgrk gS rks
izE;sd -? f%u ds vlk/kkj7k vodk'k ds f,;s ,d mikft&r vodk'k de dj f%;k
tkosxkJ ftld" vf/kdre l"ek izfr Qekg" -N vFkok /- tSl" k" f(Fkfr
gks gksx"$ ij)rq vlk/kkj7k vodk'k ds vfrfjDr v); fdl" izdkj ds vodk'k
2mikft&d vodk'k:vR&osru vodk'k:izl<fr vodk'k3 ij jgus d" f(Fkfr
esa vodk'k #kkrs ds 'ks!k esa fdl" izdkj d" de" ug"a d" tkosx"$
@1*1 5ikf!Z vodk%k LohdJf dh vf/kde lhek& ,d ljdkj"
de&'kj" dks ,d lkFkz vf/kdre -/? f%u dk mikft&r vodk'k (o"d;r fd;k
tk ldrk gS ij)rq fdl" ek);rk izkIr v(irk, vFkok lsusFksfj;e esa
F"?4"?:dSalj:dq!K jksx ds 5&,kt ds f,;s ,d 4kj esa vf/kdre .??
f%u dk mikft&r vodk'k (o"d;r fd;k tk ldrk gS$
@1*2 Rek;h ds 0hp esa fu;qf: ;ksus ij 5ikf!Z vodk%k
vf!Z djus dh $j& fdl" d,S78j o!k& d" ,d Qekg" ds 4"' esa fdl"
de&'kj" dks fu;qfDr gksus ij de&'kj" Bkjk d" x;" lsok ds izE;sd
i<7k& ekg gsrq />N ;k .>N d" %j ls 2tSl" k" f(Fkfr gks3 de&'kj"
ds #kkrs esa tek fd;k tkosxk$
@1*2Ak Rek;h ds 0hp esa lsok RksGXus ij vodk%k
& ,d jkT; de&'kj" tks fdl" Qekg" ds 4"' esa E;kxiL:v(Fkk;" lsok
d" lekfIr:lsok ls fu!dklu:4#kk&(rx":e;E;q vFkok vfuok;& Hi ls
lsokfuo;f+k fd;s tkus ij de&'kj" dks %s; mikft&r vodk'k d" x7kuk
mDr VkFuk ds VkfFr gkssus ok,s ekg dks i<7k& ekg ekurs gq, />N
vFkok .>N izfrekg tSl" k" f(Fkfr gksJ x7kuk d" tkosx"$
@1*d lsok esa j;s ;q, 5ikf!Z vodk%k ds 0$'s esa ux$
Hkqxku& ,d jkT; de&'kj" lsok esa jgrs gq, izE;sd fo+k"; o!k& esa
vf/kdre -N f%uksa dk mikft&r vodk'k leX&r dj mlds 4%,s -N f%ol ds
4jk4j ux% kqxrku izkIr dj ldrk gS ij)rq ,d v(Fkk;" lsok ds de&'kj"
dks ftld" lsok ,d o!k& ls de gS mldks ;g lqfo/kk %s; ug"a gS$
kk vodk%k ls lK0f"/k vof/k & leX&r vodk'k dks fdl" vof/k
fo'ks!k ls l04f)/kr ug"a ekuk tkosxk 4fWd ftl f%u de&'kj" us vodk'k
le&i7k gsr izkFk&ukiL iz(rqr fd;k gS ml" f%ol mlds #kkrs esa ls de dj
f%;k tkosxk$
kkk leHZ vodk%k dh LohdJf ;sq l.ke i-kf/kdkjh&
mikft&r vodk'k (o"d;r djus gsrq lDke izkf/kdkj" g" leX&r vodk'k ds
4%,s ux% kqxrku d" (o"d;fr %sus gsrq lDke gksxk$
iv vodk%k Hkqxku dh $j & leX&r vodk'k ds 4%,s esa kqxrku
jkt(Fkku lsok fu;e AO ds vuqlkj g" fd;k tkosxk vFkk&rM 5ldks fdl"
vof/k fo'ks!k ls l04f)/kr ug" djds .? f%uksa dk ekg ekurs gq, leX&r
vodk'k osru d" x7kuk d" tkosx" mDr x7kuk gsrq de&'kj" ds vkos%u
djus d" f%ukad dks mldk osru rFkk ml ij %s; egaxk5& k+kk g" %s;
gksxk v); fdl" izdkj dk k+kk %s; ug"a gksxk &
@1*Ak lsokfuoJf?k ij 0dk;k 5ikf!Z vodk%k dk ux$
Hkqxku&
2-3 ,d de&'kj" d" lsokfuo;f+k ds f%u mlds vodk'k #kkrs esa 4dk;k
mikft&r vodk'k 2vf/kdre .?? f%u3 ds 4jk4j osru kqxrku d"
(o"d;fr %" tkosx" ij)rq ftu de&'kfj;ksa d" lsokfuo;f+k l"?l"?,?
fu;e -AN= ds vuqlkj dk;&okg" Ik''krM %78(oHi gks jg" gS mu
de&'kfj;ksa dks mDr kqxrku d" lqfo/kk %s; ug"a gksx"$
2/3 mDr kqxrku lsokfuo;f+k ds le; ,deq'r g" %s; gksxk$
2.3 mDr vodk'k osru d" x7kuk de&'kj" dks lsokfuo;f+k ds f%u %s;
osru ds vk/kkj ij d" tkosx" rFkk ml ij ml" f%u izkko" egaxk5&
k+kk k" %s; gksxk ij)rq mlds vfrfjDr v); fdl" izdkj dk k+kk
;Fkk edku fdjk;k k+kk vkf% %s; ug"a gksxk$
2@3 mDr .?? f%ol ds osru d" x7kuk gsr ekg .? f%ol dk ekuk
tkosxk 'kgs de&'kj" d" lsokfuo;f+k fdl" k" ekg vFkok rkj"#k dks
gq5& gks$
2N3 ux% kqxrku gsrq (o"d;fr dk;k&,;k/;Dk vFkok fokkxk/;Dk
tSl" k" f(Fkfr gksJ tkj" dj ldsaxs$
263 ftu de&'kfj;ksa dks vf/kokf!k&d" vk;q i<7k& djus ds i''krM
lsoko;fR (o"d;r d" tkr" gS m)gsa 5l izdkj ds vuqi;ksftr mikft&r
vodk'k dk kqxrku ,sl" lsoko;fR d" vof/k lekIr gksus ds Ik''krM g"
%s; gksxk$
2O3 ,slk de&'kj" ftld" lsokfuo;f+k fu,04u:vuq'kklukEed
dk;&okg" ds ,f04r jgrs gq, gks jg" gS rFkk vodk'k (o"d;rk
izkf/kdkj" ds vuqlkj ,sl" fokkx"; dk;&okg" esa de&'kj" ds foHR
dks5& ol<," ;ksX; jkf'k fudk,us d" l0kkouk gS rks ml eke,s esaa
vodk'k (o"d;rk izkf/kdkj" leX&r vodk'k ij %s; jkf'k esa ls i<7k& vFkok
vkf'kd jkf'k jksd ldsxk rFkk ,sl" vuq'kklukEed dk;&okg" d" lekfIr ij
vxj dks5& ol<," ;ksX; jkf'k fud," gS rks mlds lek;kstu ds Ik''krM
'ks!k jkf'k dk kqxrku fd;k tkosxk$
jk!L#kku ljdkj dk fu,kZ;
lsokfuoJ?k ;ksus ok's deZpkjh dks le; ij Hkqxku ;sq
vfx-e LohdJf !kjh djuk & ,d de&'kj" ds lsokfuo;f+k ij %s;
mikft&r vodk'k osru ds kqxrku esa gksus ok,s fo,04 ls 4'us ds f,,
,d vodk'k (o"d;rk izkf/kdkj" de&'kj" ds vkos%u djus ij lsokfuo;f+k
ds ,d ekg i<o& ,sls kqxrku gsrq (o"d;fr tkj" dj ldsxk ij)rq ok(rfod
kqxrku lsokfuo;f+k d" f%ukad ds Ik''krM g" gksxk$ ,sl" (o"d;fr
tkj" djus rFkk ok(rfod lsokfuo;f+k ds 4"' esaa lk/kkj7kr;k dks5&
vodk'k (o"d;r ug"a fd;k tkosxk vkSj vfrvko';d ifjf(Fkfr;ksa esa vxj
dks5& vodk'k (o"d;r fd;k tkos rks ml" vuqlkj i<o& easa tkj"
(o"d;fr esa la'kks/ku dj kqxrku fd;k tkosxk$
@1*xd lsok esa j;s ;q, eJL;q ;ksus ij 0dk;k vodk%k
dk Hkqxku& ,d de&'kj" ds lsok esa jgrs gq, e;E;q gksus d" %'kk
esa de&'kj" d" fo/kok:4S'ksa dks mlds #kkrs esa e;E;q ds f%u
4dk;k mikft&r vodk'k vf/kdre .?? f%ol dk kqxrku %s; gksxk ftld"
x7kuk mld" e;E;q f%ukad dks %s; osru ,oa egaxk5& k+ks ds vk/kkj
ij d" tkosx"$
@1*xAk LohdJf !kjh djus ;sq l.ke i-kf/kdkjh& e;rd
de&'kj" ds izdj7k esa isa'ku izdj7k (o"d;r djus gsrq lDke izkf/kdkj"
g" vodk'k ds 4%,s ,d eq'r %s; jkf'k d" (o"d;r dj ldsxk$
@2*dk fo4kedk'hu foHkkx esa dk;Zj
vf/kdkfj;ksa/deZpkfj;ksa ij 'kx6 ;ksus ok's vodk%k fu;e&
foZkedk,"u fokkx esa dk;&jr (Fkk;":v(Fkk;" de&'kfj;ksa dks
D;ksafd foZkedk, ds %kSjk dr&O; ls vuqif(Fkr jgus d" vuqefr %"
gq5& gS vFkk&rM xz"!edk,"u:'k"rdk,"u vodk'k ds mikksx d"
vuqefr %" x;" gS$ vr\ tks de&'kj" 5l izdkj ds %s; foZkedk, dk
i<7k&r;k mikksx dj ,srk gS mu vf/kdkfj;ksa:de&'kfj;ksa dks
mikft&r vodk'k fu0ukafdr fu;eksa ds vuqHIk f%;s tkosaxs$
@2*dkk & foPk,;ksaJ iks,ksFsfDud la(Fkkvksa rFkk egkfoP
k,;ksa esa dk;&jr v/;kiu djokus ok,s de&'kfj;ksa:vf/kdkfj;ksa
dks ,d dsS,s78j o!k& esa -N f%ol dk mikft&r vodk'k %s; gksrk gS
tks fd izE;sd dS,s78j o!k& d" lekfIr ds Ik''krM de&'kj" ds #kkrs esa
tek fd;k tkosxk$
@2*dkkk1& d>'s,Gj o"kZ ds 0hp esa fu;qf:
;ksus ij & fdl" dS,s78j o!k& ds 4"' esa fu;qDr fd;s x;s
de&'kfj;ksa dks ml dS,s78j o!k& d" lekfIr ds Ik''krM mlds Bkjk
lsok esa i<7k& fd;s x;s izE;sd i<7k& ekg ds f,;s ->/N d" %j ls mikft&r
vodk'k mlds vodk'k #kkrs esa tek fd;s tkosaxs$
@2dkkk2& d>'s,Gj o"kZ ds 0hp esa lsok L;kx
djus ij & fdl" dS,s78j o!k& ds %kSjku E;kxiLJ lsok lekfIrJ e;E;qJ
fu'kDrrk ds vk/kkj ij lsokfuo;+k gksus ok,s de&'kfj;ksa dks lsok ds
izE;sd i<7k& ekg ds f,;s ->/N d" %j ls mikft&r vodk'k mlds vodk'k
#kkrs esa 1sf8F fd;s tkosaxs$
@2Ak fo4kedk' dk vkaf%kd v#kok i6,kZ;k 5iHkksx u;ha
djus ij & foZkedk,"u fokkx dk dks5& de&'kj" vxj fdl" dS,s78j
o!k& esa foZkedk, dk f4Wdq, mikksx ug"a djrk gS rks -N f%ol dk
rFkk foZkedk, dk vkaf'kd mikksx djrk gS rks vuqi;ksftr foZkedk, ds
f,;s -N f%ol dk vkuqikfrd mikft&r vodk'k mlds vodk'k #kkrs esa tek
dj f%;k tkosxk$
@2xk [fo' ";k;k'; ds vf/kdkjh/deZpkfj;ksa ij 'kx6
fu;e& mi;q&dr 2d3 rFkk 2#k3 izko/kkuksa ds gksrs gq, k" ,d
Yfo, );k;k,; ds vf/kdkj" rFkk de&'kj" dks ,d dS,s78j o!k& esa -/
f%ol dk mikft&r vodk'k g" %s; gks tks muds #kkrs esa - tuoj" rFkk -
tq,k5& dks 1e'k\ 6&6 d" %j ls vfxze tek fd;k tkosxk$
kk Rek;h ds 0hp esa fu;qf: ;ksus ij & fdl" dS,s78j o!k&
d" ,d Qekg" ds 4"' esa fu;qDr gksus ok,s Yfo, );k;k,; ds fdl"
vf/kdkj" vFkok de&'kj" dks izE;sd i<7k& ekg ds f,;s - d" %j ls
mikft&r vodk'k %s; gksxk$
kkk vlk/kkj,k vodk%k ij j;us dh fL#kf esa 5ikf!Z vodk%k
de fd;k !kuk & vxj Yfo, );k;k,; dk dks5& vf/kdkj" ;k de&'kj" fdl"
vR& o!k& ds %kSjku vlk/kkj7k vodk'k ij jgrk gS rks izE;sd -? f%u ds
vlk/kkj7k vodk'k ds f,;s - f%ol dk mikft&r vodk'k mlds #kkrs ls de
fd;k tkosxk ij)rq ,d vR&o!k& ds %kSjku ,sls de fd;s tkus ok,s
vodk'kksa d" vf/kdre l"ek 6 ls vf/kd ug"a gksx"$
iv fo4kedk' dk 5iHkksx u;ha djus ij & vxj fdl" dS,s78j
o!k& esa Yfo, );k;k,; dk vf/kdkj" ;k de&'kj" foZkedk, dk mikksx
ug"a djrk gS rks ,sls foZkedk, d" lekfIr ds Ik''krMJ foZkedk, ds 4%s
esa -= f%ol dk mikft&r vodk'k mlds #kkrs esa 1sf8F dj f%;k tkosxk$
v fo4kedk' ds 0hp esa lsok L;kxus ij & fdl" vR&o!k& ds 4"'
esa lsok ls E;kxiLJ lsok lekfIrJ lsok ls fu!dkYr djusJ 4#kk&(r djusJ
vFkok lsok esa jgrs gq, e;E;q gksus d" f(Fkfr esa ,sl" VkFuk VkfFr
gksus ok,s ekg dks i<7k&ekg ekurs gq, izE;sd ekg ds f,;s - d" %j ls
mikft&r vodk'k %s; gksaxs$
=k fo4kedk' ds lk#k v"; vodk%k dk 5iHkksx djuk &
foZkedk, dk mikksx fdl" k" izdkj ds v); vodk'kksa ds lkFk vFkok
mld" fuj)rjrk esa fd;k tk ldrk gS ij)rq foZkedk,"u vof/k rFkk (o"d;r
vodk'k d" vof/k %ksuksa fe,kdj jkt(Fkku lsok fu;e A- ds vuqlkj
(o"d;r fd;s tkus ok,s vodk'k d" la#;k ls vf/kd ug"a gksx"$
@11d vEZosu vodk%k dh $s;k& ,d jkT; de&'kj" dks
izE;sd i<7k& o!k& d" lsok ds f,;s /? f%ol dk vR& osru vodk'k %s;
gksxk$
Ak vEZosu vodk%k LohdJ fd;k !kuk& mDr 2d3 ds vuqlkj
%s; vodk'k de&'kj" ds f'fdElk izek7k iL ds vk/kkj vFkok fut"
dkj7kksa ls (o"d;r fd;k tk ldrk gS$
@121 Uik"fj vodk%k dh $s;k& ,d (Fkk;" lsok ds
de&'kj" dks mlds %s; vR&osru vodk'k ls vk/kk" la#;k esa Hik)rfjr
vodk'k (o;a d" 4"ekj" ds dkj7k izkf/kd;r f'fdEld ds izek7k iL ds
vk/kkj ij fu0ukafdr 'krks& ds v/k"u (o"d;r fd;s tk ldrs gSa$
2d3 Hik)rfjr vodk'k (o"d;r fd;s tkus ij mld" %qxqu" la#;k esa
vR&osru vodk'kJ mlds vR&osru vodk'k #kkrs esa 8sf4F fd;s tkosaxs$
2#k3 vodk'k (o"d;rk izkf/kdkj" 5l 4kr ls i<7k&r;k larq!F gks fd
,sls Hik)rfjr vodk'k lekfIr ds Ik''krM de&'kj" dr&O; ij ,kSF vkosxk$
Akkk f0uk fpfdLlk i-ek,k iB ds Uik"fj vodk%k LohdJ
fd;k !kuk & lkek);rk Hik)rfjr vodk'k izkf/kd;r f'fdEld ds izek7k iL
ds vk/kkj ij g" (o"d;r fd;s tkrs gSa ij)rq lko&tfud fgr esa vuqeksf%r
ikKM;1e ds f,;s k" ,d le; esa -=? f%ol ds vR&osru vodk'kksa dks
Hik)rfjr vodk'k ds HIk esa (o"d;r fd;k tk ldrk gS$
@1*1 v$s; vodk%k 2Leave $o! due3& fdl" (Fkk;" de&'kj" dks
v%s; vodk'k fu0ukafdr 'krks& ij (o"d;r fd;s tk ldrs gSa&
2d3 vodk'k (o"d;rk izkf/kdkj" 5l 4kr ls l)rq!F gks fd de&'kj" ,sls
(o"d;r fd;s x;s v%s; vodk'k d" lekfIr ds Ik''krM dr&O; ij mif(Fkr gks
tkosxk$
2#k3 ,sls v%s; vodk'k d" la#;k mlls vf/kd ug"a gksx" tks ,d
de&'kj" dr&O; ij ,kSFus ds 4k% i<7k& lsokdk, esa vR&osru vodk'k
ds HIk esa vft&r djsxk$
2x3 ,d le; esa vf/kdre A? f%u rFkk l0i<7k& lsok dk, esa vf/kdre
.6? f%u dk v%s; vodk'k (o"d;r fd;k tk ldrk gSJ 5lesa k" -=? f%u
dk v%s; vodk'k f'fdElk izek7k iL ds vk/kkj ij rFkk 'ks!k v); fdl"
vk/kkj ij (o"d;r fd;k tk ldrk gS$
2Vk3 v%s; vodk'k (o"d;r fd;s tkus ij ,sls vodk'k de&'kj" ds
vR&osru vodk'k ds #kkrs esa uke f,#ks tkosaxs rFkk kfo!; esa lsok
esa ,kSFus ij vft&r fd;s tkus ok,s vR&osru vodk'k ds foHR lek;ksftr
fd;s tkosaxs$
@12 vL#kk;h deZpkfj;ksa dks Uik"fj vodk%k dh $s;k&,d
v(Fkk;" de&'kj" ftls l04f)/kr lsok fu;eksa ds vuqlkj fu;fer HIk ls
fu;qDr fd;k x;k gS vFkok lsok fu;e ug"a gksus d" vo(Fkk esa jkT;
ljdkj ds lDke vk%s'kksa ls v(Fkk;" Hi ls fu;qDr fd;k gS rFkk og
fu;qfDr gsrq 'ksSDkf7kd ;ksX;rk rFkk vuqko d" le(r 'krs& i<7k& djrk
gS rks ,sls de&'kj" dks . o!k& d" lsok i<7k& djus ij fu;e A.2/3 ds
vuqlkj Hik)rfjr vodk'k rFkk fu;e A.2.3 ds vuqlkj v%s; vodk'k
(o"d;r fd;s tk ldsaxs$
@15 Uik"fjd vodk%k #kk v$s; vodk%k ds lK0"/k esa
ol6'h & t4 ,d de&'kj" dks lsok fu;e A.2/3 vFkok A.2.3 ds
vuqlkj Hik)rfjr vodk'k vFkok v%s; vodk'k (o"d;r fd;k x;k gks rFkk
de&'kj" d" lsok esa jgrs gq, e;E;q gks tkr" gS vFkok jkt(Fkku Yfo,
lsok 2isa'ku3 fu;e -AA6 ds fu;e .N ds vuqlkj vleFk&rk ds vk/kkj ij
lsok ls fuo;+k dj f%;k tkrk gsS mls ,sls (o"d;r fd;s vodk'k ds l04)/k
esa dks5& ol<," ug"a d" tkosx" ij)rq v); eke,ksa tSls fd E;kxiL
%susJ (osSQk ls lsokfuo;f+k ,susJ lsok ls fu!dkYr djus vFkok
4#kk&(r djus d" f(Fkfr esa vxj mikksx fd;s x;s vod'k ds l04)/k
essa dks5& ol<," 4ur" gS rks de&'kj" ls d" tkosx"$
@1*,1 fo%ks"k fpfdLlk vodk%k&iqf,l v/k"u(Fk lsok ds
l%(;ksa esa ls fdl" ds Dk; jksx ls i"f89r gksus ij l0i<7k& lsokdk, esa
6 ekg d" vof/k dk fo'ks!k f'fdElk vodk'k fu0ukafdr 'krks& ds v/k"u
(o"d;r fd;k tk ldrk gS&
2k3 lsokfu;e A- o A. ds vuqlkj %s; vodk'kksa 2mikft&r rFkk
vBosru vodk'k3 dk i<7k&r;k mikksx fd;k tk 'qdk gS rFkk v4 #kkrs
esa dks5& 'ks!k ug"a gS$
2kk3 ;g vodk'k de&'kj" dks fdl" jktd"; v(irk,:F">4"> lsusFksfj;e
vFkok ljdkj ls ek);rk izkIr v(irk, vFkok lsusFksfj;e esa 5&,kt djokus
ij g" %s; gksxk$
2kkk3 fu%s'kd f'fdElk ,oa (ok(F; lsok;sa Bkjk le;&le; ij tkj" fd;s
x;s fu%s&'kksa Bkjk xfKr f'fdElk 4ks8ks& Bkjk iz%+k izek7k iL ds
vk/kkj ij iqf,l v/k"u(Fk lsok ds l%(;ksa dks ,slk fo'ks!k f'fdElk
vodk'k jktd"; v(irk,:F">4"> lsusFksfj;e ls 4kd jksx" 29u![oo
pa!ie$!3 ds Hi esa mi'kj djokus ij k" %s; gksxk$
@1,2& fo'ks!k f'fdElk vodk'k fu;e A- o A. esaa %s; o 4dk;k
vodk'k ds mikksx ds 4k% fdl" k" izdkj ds vodk'k d" fuj)rjrk essa
(o"d;r fd;s tk ldrs gSa$
@1,1& fo'ks!k f'fdElk vodk'k dk osru de&'kj" ds vodk'k ij
iz(Fkku djus ls i<o& ds f%u ds osru ds 4jk4j gksxk$
@2*1 lsok lekfS vodk%k 2<e5i$al Leave3 &vodk'k (o"d;r
djus gsrq lDke izkf/kdkj" ds foosdkuqlkj v(Fkk;" lsok ds fu0ukafdr
de&'kfj;ksa dks mud" lsok lekfIr ij muds mikft&r vodk'k #kkrs esa
4dk;k mikft&r vodk'k ds 4jk4j 2vf/kdre .?? f%u3 lsok lekfIr vodk'k
(o"d;r fd;k tk ldrk gS 'kgs de&'kj" us 5lds f,;s vkos%u ug"a fd;k
gks$
2d3 la(Fkkiu esa dFkSfr vFkok i% lekfIr ds dkj7k v(Fkk;" lsok ds
de&'kj" d" lsok vf/kokf!k&d" vk;q ls i<o& g" lekIr d" tk jg" gks$
2#k3 lsokfuo;f+k ds Ik''krM iqu&fu;qfDr de&'kj"$
2x3 ,slk de&'kj" ftls vuq4)/k ds vk/kkj ij ,d o!k& ls vf/kd d" vof/k
ds f,;s fu;qDr fd;k x;k gks$
2Vk3 ,slk de&'kj" tks i% d" fu/kk&fjr ;ksX;rk ug"a j#krk gks vkSj
v4 ;ksX; O;fDr mi,U/k gks tkus ds dkj7k lsok ls gFk;k tk jgk gks$
2893 ,sls v(Fkk;" de&'kj" ftud" lsok, iz'kklfud lqfo/kk dks /;ku
esa j#kdj fokkx"; dk;&okg" d" ,ot esa lekIr d" tk jg" gks$
@2*2 vL#kk;h lsok ls LosFRk ls L;kxiB $sus ij 0dk;k
5ikf!Z vodk%k dk Hkqxku& ,d v(Fkk;" de&'kj" dks (osSQk ls
lsok ls E;kxi %srk gS rks mls (o"dkj djus ok,k lDke izkf/kdkj"
(ofoosd ds vk/kkj ij de&'kj" ds vodk'k #kkrs esa 4dk;k mikft&r
vodk'k ds vk/ks ds 4jk4j 2vf/kdre -N?3
@2*1 lsok lekfS vodk%k esaa Hkqxku dh $j& fu;e A@2-3
vFkok A@2/3ds vuqlkj %s; lsok lekXr vodk'kdk kqxrku ,d le;
esa,d lkFk fu;e A-243 ds mifu;e 2.3 e<, osruJ egaxk5& k+kk
2@3 .? f%u dk ekg ekurs gq, fd;k tkosxk$
A@2@3 fu;e A. ds mifu;e 2-3 rFkk 2/3 esa mfW,#kr lsok lekfIr
vodk'k fu0ukafdr de&'kfj;ksa dks %s; ug"a gksaxs
2d3 ,sls de&'kj" rFkk izf'kDk7kkFk"& 2)ppe$!i0e3tks jkT; lsok
esa i<js le; ds f,;s fu;qDr ug"a gks$
2#k3 ,sls de&'kj" ft)gsa lsok ls fu!dkYr vFkok 4#kk&(r fd;k x;k
gks$
2x3 ,sls v(Fkk;" lsok ds de&'kj" ftud" lsok;sa jk!FTfojks/k"
xfrfof/k;ksa esa kkx ,sus ds dkj7k lekIr d" tk jg" gks$
@2d fo4kedk' dks dZ9; ds Ui esa ekuk !kuk& t4 rd
fu;eksa esa dg"a v);Fkk izko/kku ug"a f%;k x;k gks foZkedk, dks
vodk'k ug"a ekuk tkdj dr&O; ds Hi esa ekuk tkosxk$
ifjf%k"&
1 fo4kedk'hu foHkkx fu;e 71@& ,d foZkedk,"u
fokkx og fokkx gS ftlesa fu;fer Hi ls vodk'k jgrk gS rFkk ml
fokkx esa dk;& djus ok,s de&'kj" dks ,sls foZkedk, ds %kSjku
dr&O; ls vuqif(Fkr jgus d" vuqefr izkIr gksr" gS$
2 vuqSQs% - esa vafdr 'krks& d" ik,uk gksus ij fu0ukafdr
fokkx ds de&'kfj;ksa dks foZkedk,"u fokkx ekuk tkuk 'kfg;s&
2d3 f'kDkk fokkx ds fu%s'kdJ mifu%s'kdJ lgk;d fu%s'kd
fuj"Dk7k vf/kdkfj;ksa ,oa muds de&'kfj;ksa dks Qks89dj f'kDkk
vf/kdkj"x7k
2#k3 v); Zs7k" ds jkT; de&'kj" ft)gs ,d lDke izkf/kdkj"J
foZkedk,"u fokkx esa lsokjr Vkksf!kr djsa$
1 t4 rd mS'kf/kdkj" ds lkek); vFkok fo'ks!k vk%s'kksa B
kjk ,d de&'kj" dks foZkedk, dk mikksx djus ds f,;s i<7k& vFkok
vkaf'kd Hi ls jksdk ug"a tkrk ml de&'kj" dks foZkedk, dk mikksx
fd;k gqvk ekuk tkosxk$ mS'kf/kdkj" ls ;gka vk'k; gsrq fokkxk/;Dk
rFkk v); eke,ksa esa dk;k&,;k/;Dk ls gS$
f&Si,kh
,d jkT; de&'kj" ftls foZkedk, ds %kSjku vius %Sfud dr&O; dk
ik,u rks djrk gS ij)rq 5lds f,;s vius dr&O; (Fk, 2eq#;k,;3 ij jguk
vko';d ug"a gksrk vFkk&rM og dk;& eq#;k,; ds v,kok v); (Fkku ij
jgdj k" fd;k tk ldrk gS vFkok v); fdl" de&'kj" Bkjk djok;k tk ldrk
gS ,sl" f(Fkfr esa de&'kj" Bkjk foZkedk, dk mikksx fd;k gqvk
ekuk tkosxk$
,d jkT; de&'kj" tks fd foZkedk, ds %kSjku eq#;k,; ls 4kgj jgdj
vius dr&O; dk ik,u dj jgk gS rFkk ,sls dr&O; ds izfr og (o;a g"
m+kj%k;" gSJ vxj mldks foZkedk, ds %kSjku eq#;k,; ij 4q,k;k tkrk
gS vkSj de&'kj" foZkedk, ds lkFk v); fdl" izdkj ds vodk'k dk
mikksx ug"a dj jgk gS rks og vius eq#;k,; ij vkus ds f,;s fdl" izdkj
ds ;kLk k+ks dk vf/kdkj" ug"a gksxk$
viok$ & vk;qosZf$d e;kfo\k';ksa dh fuKukafd fof%k"&
%kkAkk,sa fo4kedk'hu foHkkx esa lfKef' u;ha ;>&
-> dk; f'fdElkJ /> 'kW; 'kk,kD;J .> izl<frJ @> (L"jksxJ N> dkSekj
k;E;J 6> vxr r)LJ O> fod;fr fo*kuJ => 'kj"j f1;kJ A> jl ks!kT;$
@5* lsok esa 9;o/kku ds f0uk L#kk;h Ui esa fu;q: vL#kk;h
deZpkjh dks vodk%k & ,d v(Fkk;" lsok dk de&'kj" t4 lsok esa
f4uk fdl" O;o/kku ds fdl" (Fkk;" i% ij fu;qDr fd;k tkrk gS rks v(Fkk;"
lsok ds %kSjku mlds vodk'k #kkrs esa tek vodk'k vkxs k" tek ekus
tkosaxs rFkk vxj og i<o& ls g" (Fkk;" lsok esa gksrk vkSj v);
dks5& vodk'k dk v)rj gksxk rks og k" tek fd;k tkosxk$
@7* vlk/kkj,k vodk%k & fu0ukafdr fo'ks!k ifjf(Fkfr;ksa esa,d
de&'kj" dks vlk/kkj7k vodk'k (o"d;r fd;k tk ldrk gS$ 20O( `0xtra
Oridi%ar, leave3
2k3 t4 fu;ekuqlkj v); fdl" izdkj dk vodk'k %s; 24dk;k3 ug"aa
gks$
2kk3 t4 v); vodk'k 4dk;k gks ij)rq de&'kj" us f,f#kr esa vlk/kkj7k
vodk'k ds f,;s fuos%u fd;k gks$ 2ij)rq ,slk vlk/kkj7k vodk'k osruo;fR
d" f%ukad 4%,us ds mCs'; ls ug"a f,;k x;k gks3
2#k3 v(Fkk;" de&'kfj;ksa dks ,d 4kj esa . ekg vFkok -= ekg ds
vlk/kkj7k vodk'k g" (o"d;r fd;k tk ldrk gSJ 5lls vf/kd vof/k ds
vlk/kkj7k vodk'k ml" f(Fkfr esa (o"d;r fd;k tk ldsxk t4 jkT; ljdkj Bkjk
5l l04)/k esa lkek); ;k fo'ks!k Hi ls vk%s'k tkj" fd;s x;s gks vkSj
de&'kj" fu0u esa ls fdl" jksx dk mi'kj djok jgk gks$
2-3 ,d ek);rk izkIr lsfuFksfj;e esa Dk; jksx 2GsG89ksa3 dk
mi'kj$
2/3 'kj"j ds fdl" v); kkx esa gq5& risf%d dk mi'kjJ ,d ;ksX; F">
4"> fo'ks!k* vFkok ,d Yfo, lt&u ls mi'kj$
2.3 dq!K jksx dk mi'kj fdl" ek);rk izkIr d;!K f'fdElk la(Fkku esa
jktd"; f'fdElk vf/kdkj" Bkjk vFkok Yfo, lt&u Bkjk vFkok ek);rk izkIr
dq!K jksx fo'ks!k* Bkjk$
uks&& 1 dks(Z vL#kk;h deZpkjh !ks fu/kkZfj lsok
fu;eksa ds vuqlkj fu;fe p;u ds Sk%pkT fu;q: fd;k x;k ;>
#kk f!lus hu o"kZ dh fu;fe lsok i6,kZ dj 'h ;> 5ldks Hkh
vlk/kkj,k vodk%k L#kk;h deZpkjh dh Hkkaf ;h $s; ;ksaxs)
2 ,d ijhfo.kk/khu i-f%k.k,kk#khZ dks ijhfo.kkdk' esa
hu ek; dh vof/k dk vlk/kkj,k vodk%k LohdJ fd;k !k ldk ;>D
(lls vf/kd vof/k dk vlk/kkj,k vodk%k fu;qf: vf/kdkjh fo?k
foHkkx dh vuqef ls ;h LohdJ dj ldsxk vk>j f!ldh vf/kde
vof/k ,d o"kZ ;ksxhD hu ek; ls vf/kd vof/k dk vlk/kkj,k
vodk%k LohdJ fd;s !kus dh fL#kf esa i-ks0s%kuj &Msuh! ds
i-ks0s%ku esa 5us le; hu ek; ls vf/kd vof/k dh oJfE ;ks
!kosxh)
@7 Ak, !0 ,d .k; jksx ls ihfGX deZpkjh us fu;e
@7Ak ds vuqlkj vlk/kkj,k vodk%k LohdJ djokdj 5ipkj
djkk ;> #kk 5ipkj ds Sk%pkT vius dZ9; ij 5ifL#k ;ksdj
vZsou vodk%k vf!Z djk ;> ks 5lds Zkjk i6oZ esa
5iHkksx fd;s x;s vlk/kkj,k vodk%k 0k$ esa vf!Z fd;s x;s
vZosu esa ifjofZ dj f$;s !kosaxs)
fFIi7k"
2-3 -= ekg d" vof/k ds vlk/kkj7k vodk'k d" lqfo/kk mu v(Fkk;"
de&'kfj;ksa dks k" %s; gS tks fd GsG89ksa d" F">4"> jksx ls
i"f89r gS rFkk viuk 5,kt vius fuokl (Fkku ij g" izkf/kd;r f'fdEld ls
djokrk gS rFkk tks 5l 4k4r izek7k iL tkj" djrk gS fd og ml de&'kj"
dk mi'kj dj jgk gS rFkk vko';d vodk'k d" lekfIr ds Ik''krM dr&O; ij
mif(Fkr gksus d" i<7k& l0kkouk gS$
2/3 2k3 -= ekg ds vlk/kkj7k vodk'k d" lqfo/kk ,d o!k& ls vf/kd
lsokof/k ok,s de&'kfj;ksa dks g" mi,U/k gksx"$
2kk3 ftl i% ls de&'kj" vodk'k ij iz(Fkku djrk gS og i% ml de&'kj"
ds dr&O; ij ,kSFus rd tkj" jguk 'kfg;s$
2kkk3 de&'kj" dks fdl" ,sls lsfuFksfj;e ds izkkj"
f'fdElkf/kdkj" ;k F"4" fo'ks!k* ;k ledDk f'fdElkf/kdkj" ls izek7k iL
iz(rqr djuk gksxk fd og mldk mi'kj dj jgk gS rFkk mDr izek7k iL
esa ftl vof/k ds f,;s vodk'k d" YGkfj'k d" x;" gS mldk mW,s#k k"
djuk gksxk$ vodk'k d" YGkfj'k djus ok,s f'fdElk vf/kdkj" dks ml"
vo(Fkk esa vodk'k d" YGkfj'k dju" 'kfg;s t4 mld" jk; esa vodk'k d"
lekfIr ds Ik''krM de&'kj" dk;& ij vkus ds ;ksX; gks v);Fkk de&'kj"
(Fkk;" Hi ls dk;& djus esa vleFk& gS ,sl" l0efr vafdr dj %su" 'kfg;s$
jkt(Fkku ljdkj ds fu7k&;
2-3 ,d v(Fkk;" de&'kj" dks lkek);r\ . ekg dk vlk/kkj7k vodk'k g"
%s; gksrk gS ij)rq r"u ekg ls vf/kd vlk/kkj7k vodk'k ij jkT; ljdkj Bkjk
rk" fo'kj fd;k tkosxk t4 2-3 r"u ekg ds vlk/kkj7k vodk'k d" lekfIr
ds f%u de&'kj" us r"u o!k& d" lsok i<7k& dj ," gks$ 2kk3 vxj
vlk/kkj7k vodk'k jksxxz(rrk ds dkj7k 'kgk x;k gS rks mld" vof/k 6
ekg ls vf/kd ug"a gks 2mDr r"u ekg d" vof/k dks 'kkfe, djrs gq,3
rFkk izkf/kd;r f'fdEld dk izek7k iL la,Xu gks 2kkk3 lko&tfud fgr
esa izekf7kr ikKM;1e ds v/;;u 'k,< j#krs gsrq %ks o!k& rd dk vodk'k
2mDr r"u ekg d" vof/k dks 'kkfe, djrs gq,3
2/3 risf%d:Dk; jksx ls i"f89r gksus ds dkj7k vlk/kkj7k vodk'k
'kgk x;k gks rks dk;&xzg7k djus ls i<o& l04f)/kr f'fdEld ls 'kkj"fjd
(o(Fkrk dk izek7k iL iz(rqr djuk vfuok;& gksxk$
2.3 v(Fkk5& de&'kj" dks lkek);rk . ekg dk vlk/kkj7k vodk'k g"
%s; gS 5lls vf/kd vof/k dk vodk'k fo+k fokkx d" i<o& vuqefr ls g"
%s; gS$ 5l" izdkj ,d (Fkk;" lsok ds de&'kj" dks vxj /@ ekg ls vf/kd
vof/k ds f,;s v/;;u vodk'k d" vko';drk gks rks og k" fo+k fokkx
d" i<o& lgefr ls (o"d;r fd;k tk ldrk gS$
2@3 fo'o (ok(F; laxKu ;k v); v)rjk&!FT"; ,ts)l" Bkjk %<ljs jkT; esa
's'd e<,u vfk;ku esa vxj f'fdElk vf/kdkfj;ksa d" 8M;<F" ,xk5&
tkr" gS vkSj ml vof/k dk mudks vlk/kkj7k vodk'k (o"d;r fd;k tkrk gS
rks mDr vlk/kkj7k vodk'k d" vof/k osruo;fR vkSj isa'ku ,kk vkf% ds
ek); gksx"$
2N3 v(Fkk;" efg,k de&'kfj;ksa dks tks lqjDkk lsok de&'kfj;ksa d"
iEu" gS dks 6 ekg dk vlk/kkj7k vodk'k (o"d;r fd;k tk ldrk gS$
fo%ks"k vodk%k vo>fud ;ks!uk 2++1 & jkT; ljdkj us vk%s'k
f%ukad //>?N>/??. Bkjk jkT; de&'kfj;ksa dks lsok dk ifjE;kx fd;s
f4uk vius (o;a dk O;olk; djus vFkok v);L ukSdj" djus d" lqfo/kk
iz%ku djus ds f,;s fu;fer de&'kfj;ksa ds f,;s fo'ks!k vodk'k
2voSrfud3 ;kstuk rqj)r izkko ls ,kx< d" x;" ftlds eq#; izko/kku 5l
izdkj Fks$
2-3 ;g ;kstuk f'fdElk fokkx ds rdu"d" de&'kj" ,oa f'fdEldJ
f'kDkd f'fdElk egkfoPk,;J f'kDkd (dq, ,oa egkfoPk,;J iqf,l fokkx ds
vf/kdkj" o vf,Xd"; ox& ds de&'kfj;ksa dks Qks89dj le(r fu;fer ,oa
jkT; de&'kfj;ksa ij ,kx< gksx"$
2/3 ,d de&'kj" dks vkos%u djus ij );<ure %ks o!k& ,oa vf/kdre
ika' o!k& ds f,;s ;g fo'ks!k voSrfd vodk'k (o"d;r fd;k tk ldsxk
ij)rq ,d 4kj vodk'k (o"d;r gksus ds Ik''krM %ks o!k& ls i<o& lsok
esa mif(Fkr ug"a gks ldsxk rFkk de&'kfj;ksa dks 5l izdkj dk vodk'k
i<7k& lsokdk, esa ,d 4kj g" %s; gksxk$
2.3 mDr vodk'k vof/k esa de&'kj" kkjr esa vFkok kkjr ds 4kgj
(ojkstxkj djus gsrq (or)L gksxk ,sfdu og jkt(Fkku ljdkj ds v);
fokkx:jkT; ljdkj ds fu;)L7k/k"u d0iu":fuxe : (ok;r'kkl"
la(Fkk:(Fkku"; fudk;:lgdkj" la(Fkkvksa rFkk jkT; ljdkj Bkjk
vuqeksf%r la(Fkkvksa esa dk;& ug"a dj ldsxk$
2@3 fo'ks!k vodk'k ds %kSjku (ojkstxkj vFkok v); la(Fkku esa
fu;kstu izkIr djus dks jkt(Fkku Yfo, lsok 2vk'j7k3 fu;e -AN= ds
vuqlkj %qjk'j7k ug"a ekuk tkosxk$
2N3 mDr vodk'k vof/k voSrfud gksx" rFkk ;g vof/k isa'ku ds f,;s
rFkk vodk'k vft&r djus ds f,;s lsokdk, ug"a eku" tkosx"$ de&'kj B
kjk fu;ekuqlkj isa'ku va'k%ku tek djok;s tkus ij mDr vodk'k vof/k
isa'ku ds f,;s ek); gksx"$
263 ,sl" vof/k esa de&'kj" dks vkoafFr jktd"; vkokl j#k ldsxk ij)rq
mldk fdjk;k fu;ekuqlkj ol<," ;ksX; gksxk tks jkT; de&'kj" Bkjk tek
djok;k tkosxk$
2O3 vodk'k ls i<o& (o"d;r e7k ,oa vfxze d" fd'r de&'kj" Bkjk (o;a
l04f)/kr e% esa tek djok;" tkosx"$
2=3 jkT; de&'kj" 5l vof/k esa jkT; 4"ek ik[f,l" tkj" j#k ldsxk ij)rq
vodk'k ij iz(Fkku djus ls i<o& %s; osru ij ekYd iz"fe;e d" %j ls jkf'k
'k,ku Bkjk l04f)/kr e% esa tek djokus d" ft0es%kj" l04f)/kr
de&'kj" d" gksx"$
2A3 mDr vof/k ds %kSjku de&'kj" dks fdl" izdkj d" lqfo/kk ;Fkk
f'fdElk iqu&kj7kJ Fs,"Gksu vFkok okgu vkf% d" ,kk %s; ug"a
gksxk$
2-?3 mijksDr vodk'k vof/k ds %kSjku de&'kj" d" e;E;q gksus ij
fu;ekuqlkj vuqd0ik fu;qfDr fu;eksa ds v)rx&r vkfZr jkT; ljdkj esa
fu;qfDr gsrq ikL gksxk$
2--3 vodk'k ds %kSjku de&'kj" d" ofj!Krk izkkfor ug"a gksx"
rFkk vodk'k vof/k ds %kSjku vxj de&'kj" d" i%ks)ufr %s; gksr" gS
rks mls ok(rfod %" tkosx" rFkk dk;&xzg7k djus ij i%ks)ufr dk
ok(rfod ,kk %s; gksxk$
2-/3 vodk'k vof/k esa vFkok vodk'k vof/k d" lekfIr ds Ik''krM vxj
de&'kj" d" lsok -N o!k& ls de gS rks de&'kj" lsokfuo;f+k gsrq
vkos%u dj ldsk vkSj mlds fu;ekuqlkj uksfFo vof/k d" vko';drk ug"a
gksx"$ vxj vodk'k lekfIr ds Ik''krM de&'kj" dr&O; ij ug"a ,kSFrk
gS rks fu;qfDr izkf/kdkj" fu;ekuqlkj uksfFl tkj" djsxk rFkk uksfFl
%sus ds mijk)r k" dk;& ij mif(Fkr ug"a gksrk gS vkSj de&'kj" d"
lsokof/k (osfSQd lsokfuo;f+k gsrq i<7k& gks rks de&'kj" vodk'k
lekfIr ij (osSfSQd lsokfuo;f+k le^k tkosxk$
5: ;ks!uk f$ukad +1*+2*2++7 ls okHl 's 'h
x;h ;>)
@7* i-L;sd i-dkj ds vodk%k ds f';s $s; vodk%k osu dh jkf%k&
1 5ikf!Z vodk%k ij& mikft&r vodk'k ij de&'kj" vodk'k
iz(Fkku ls i<o& f%u dk osru izkIr djus dk vf/kdkj" gksxk ij)rq mlesa
jkt(Fkku lsok fu;e N? ds vuqlkj fo'ks!k osru 2vfrfjDr i% ds dk;&
l0ik%u gsrq3 vxj %s; gS rks osru esa lf0ef,r ug"a gksxk$
2 vZZosu vod%k ij & vB&osru vodk'k d" f(Fkfr esa mi;q&Dr
vuqlkj d" vk/k" %j ls osruJ ftld" vf/kdre l"ek /.??? izfrekg gksx"
ij)rq vodk'k f'fdElk izek7k iL ds vk/kkj ij vFkok vuqeksf%r ikKM;1e
gsr f,;k x;k gks vf/kdre l"ek ,kx< ug"a gksx"$
1 Uik"fj vodk%k& Hik)rfjr vodk'k ij mikft&r vodk'k ds vuqlkj
g" osru %s; gksxk$
2 vlk/kkj,k vodk%k ij & vlk/kkj7k vodk'k d" f(Fkfr esa fdl"
izdkj dk osru %s; ug"a gksxk$
jk!L#kku ljdkj
lDke izkf/kdkj" ds vk%s'kksa Bkjk .- f%l04j vFkok mlls i<o& foP
k,;ksa vFkok egkfoPk,;ksa esa fu;qDr v(Fkk;" de&'kfj;ksa dks
foZkedk, dk osru f%;k tkosxk vxj ,slk de&'kj" vx,s f'kDk7k lL ds
izkj0k ls ,sdj vkxke" f%l04j ekg rd dk;&jr jgrk gS$s
,sls v(Fkk;" v/;kid tks vodk'k ds dkj7k fjDr i% ij - tuoj" ls i<o&
fu;qDr gq, gS ;k ,sls izkf/kdkj" Bkjk fu;qDr fd;s x;s gS tks fd ,sl"
fu;qfDr djus gsrq lDke ug"a gS rks mu le(r v(Fkk;" v/;kidksa d"
lsok,sa f'kDk7k lL ds vf)re dk;& f%ol dks lekIr dj %" tkosx"$
@8* f$ukad 1+*+5*71 Zkjk fo'ksH
Hkkx&kkk
@@* fo%ks"k vle#kZk vodk%k& 2i3 t4 dks5& de&'kj" vius
dr&O;ksa d" mf'r ik,uk djrs gq, jktd"; f(Fkfr 2fuok&'u 8M;<F"
lfgr3 ds dkj7k dks5& 'ksF ,xus vFkok fdl" Bkjk 'ksF igqa'kus ds
dkj7k dr&O; ik,u djus esa vleFk& gks tkos 2'quko 8M;<F" r4 ls
izkj0k eku" tkr" gS t4 dks5& de&'kj" 'quko 8M;<F" d" fjiksF&
djus gsrq viuk dk;k&,;:fuokl Qks8rk gS rFkk r4 rd eku" tkr" gS t4
de&'kj" ,sl" 8;<F" lekIr djds okXl vius dk;k&,; vFkok vkokl ij ug"a
igqa' tkrk ij)rq ,sls uqdlku:'ksF ,xus rFkk 'quko 8;<F" dk vkil
esa l04)/k gksuk 'kfg;s$
2ii3 ,slk vodk'k r4 g" (o"d;r fd;k tk ldsxk t4 ,sl" vleFk&rk VkFuk V
kfFr gksus ds r"u ekg esa izdF gks tkos rFkk ljdkj ds /;ku esa ,k5&
tkosJ r"u ekg esa ls vf/kd d" vof/k esa vleFk&rk izdF gksus ijJ ljdkj
ds vleFk&rk ds dkj7k ls l)rq!F gksus ij g" ,slk vleFk&rk vodk'k
(o"d;r fd;k tk ldrk gS$
2iii3 fo'ks!k vleFk&rk vodk'k mru" g" vof/k dk (o"d;r fd;k tkosxk
tks f'fdElk 4ks8& Bkjk tHj" le^k tkdj vfk'ka!kk d" x;" gks$
2iv3 ,d 4kj fo'ks!k vleFk&rk vodk'k (o"d;r fd;s tkus ds 4k% mld"
vof/k f4uk f'fdElk 4ks&8& ds izek7k iL ds 4_9k5& ug"a tkosx"
rFkk fdl" k" vo(Fkk esa mDr vodk'k /@ ekg ls vf/kd dk ug"a
gksxk$ ,slk vodk'k fdl" v); izdkj ds vodk'k ds lkFk fe,kdj f,;k tk
ldrk gS$
2v3 vleFk&rk vodk'k ,d ls vf/kd voljksa ij (o"d;r fd;k tk ldrk gSJ ;f%
4k% esa og vleFk&rk iqu\ r"oz gks tkr" gS vFkok ,sl" g"
ifjf(Fkfr;ka esa iqu\ gks tkr" gS ij)rq ,d izdkj d" vleFk&rk ds f,;s
/@ ekg ls vf/kd dk fo'ks!k vleFk&rk vodk'k (o"d;r ug"a fd;k
tkosxk$
2vi3 vleFk&rk vodk'k d" vof/k isa'ku ;ksX; lsok gsrq ek); gksx"$
2vii3 vle#kZk vodk%k vof/k esa osu 5Fp lsok ds deZpkjh
ds f';s & mS' lsok esa dk;&jr de&'kfj;ksa ds f,;s izFke -/? f%ol
rd fu;e AO2-3 ds vuqlkj vFkk&rM mikft&r vodk'k ds 4jk4j osru %s;
gksxk rFkk -/? f%ol ls vf/kd d" f(Fkfr esa fu;e AO2/3 ds vuqlkj
vR&osr vodk'k ds leku osru %s; gksxk tks de&'kj" ds fodWi ijJ mls
(o"d;r fd;s tk ldus ;ksX; mikft&r vodk'k d osru ds 4jk4j gksxk vkSj
5lds f,;s (o"d;r vleFk&rk vodk'k dk vk/k" vof/k de&'kj" ds mikft&r
vodk'k #kkrs ds uke f,#k %" tkosx"$
viok$& vxj iqf,l 4, dks dks5& l%(; 8kdqvksa ds lkFk eqKks89
esa Vkk;, gks x;k rks mi'kj ds f,;s v(irk, esa kr"& jgrk gS rks mls
AA2vii3 esa izko/kku gksrs gq, k" ml %j ls osru izkIr djsxk tks og
dr&O; ij jgrs gq, izkIr djrk rFkk 'ks!k vof/k ds f,;s 2v(irk, ls
f8('kt& gksus ds 4k%3 mDr fu;e AA2vi3 ds vuqlkj osru %s;
gksxk$
2viii3 vle#kZk vodk%k vof/k esa osu pq#kZ 4s,kh lsok ds
deZpkjh ds f';s & 'rqFk& Zs7k" lsok esa dk;&jr de&'kfj;ksa ds
f,;s izFke 6? f%ol rd fu;e AO2-3 ds vuqlkj vFkk&rM mikft&r vodk'k
ds 4jk4j osru %s; gksxk rFkk 6? f%ol ls vf/kd d" f(Fkfr esa fu;e
AO2/3 ds vuqlkj vB&osru vodk'k ds leku osru %s; gksxk tks
de&'kj" ds fodWi ijJ mls (o"d;r fd;s tk ldus ;ksX; mikft&r vodk'k ds
osru ds 4jk4j gksxk vkSj 5lds f,;s (o"d;r vleFk&rk vodk'k dk vk/k"
vof/k de&'kj" ds mikft&r vodk'k #kkrs ds uke f,#k %" tkosx"$
viok$& iqf,l de&'kj"J f'fdElkJ i'kq f'fdElkJ ok;j,sl ,oa v); (FkG
rFkk iqf,l %, ds lkFk rSukr 'rqFk& Zs7k" de&'kj" tks fdl" fo%s'k"
vk1e7k fd;s tkus ds G,(oHi Vkk;, gks x;s gS ;k 'ksF ,x x;" gS vkSj
5)gsa 5l fu;e ds rgr vodk'k (o"d;r fd;k tk ldrk gS rks og mDr fu;e
2viii3 esa izko/kku gksrs gq, k" ml" izdkj ls i<7k& osru k+ks
izkIr djus dk vf/kdkj" gksxk tSls fd og lsok esa jgdj izkIr djrk$
uks&& mDr izdkj d" vodk'k d" vof/k isa'ku ;ksX; lsok ds
lkFk&lkFk osru o;fR rFkk v); lsok ifj,kk ds f,;s k" ek); gksx"$
1++* vle#kZk ds dkj,k .kfi6fZ LohdJ ;ksus ij vodk%k
osu esa deh& vxj de&'kj" vleFk&rk vodk'k (o"d;fr ds lkFk&lkFk
fdl" vf/kfu;e ds v)rx&r jkT; ljdkj Bkjk dks5& Dkfri<fr& d" jkf'k k"
(o"dkj d" x;" gS rks mDr fu;e AA ds vuqlkj (o"d;r fd;s x;s vleFk&rk
vodk'k ds osru esa ls mDr izkIr Dkfri<fr& ds 4jk4j d" jkf'k de dj %"
tkosx"$
1+1* vl>fud deZpkfj;ksa ij fo%ks"k vle#kZk vodk%k dk fu;e
i-Hkkoh ;ksuk& mDr izko/kku fu0ukafdr %ks Zs7k" ds de&'kfj;ksa
ij ,kx< gksaxs 2-3 ,d ,slk vlSfud de&'kj" tks lsuk ds lkFk lsok
djus ds dkj7k vleFk& gks x;k gks rFkk kfo!; esa lSfud lsok ds
v;ksX; gks tkus ds dkj7k vius i% ls dk;&eqDr dj f%;k x;k gks ij)rq
mDr de&'kj" Yfo, lsok ds f,;s i<7k&r;k ,oa (Fkk;" Hi ls v;ksX; ug"a
gqvk gks 2/3 ,slk vlSfud de&'kj" tks 5l rjg i% ls eqDr ug"a fd;k
x;k gks ij)rq ,sl" vleFk&rk ls i"f89r gks rFkk 5lds l04)/k esa
f'fdEld e78, Bkjk ;g izekf7kr dj f%;k x;k gks fd ,sl" vleFk&rk
de&'kj" dks lSfud lsok ds dkj7k ls gq5& gS$
mDr %ksuksa izdkj ds eke,ksa esa lsuk ds fu;eksa ds v)rx&r
(o"d;r fd;k tk ldus ok,k vodk'k vof/k dks mDr fu;e ds rgr (o"d;r
vodk'k vof/k ekuk tkosxk$
-?/> ljdkj mDr izko/kkuksa dks ,sls de&'kfj;ksa ij k" ,kx< dj ldr"
gS tks vius i% ds dr&O;ksa d" ik,uk djrs gq, vFkok jktd"; f(Fkfr ds
dkj7k %qVk&Fukxz(r gq, gks: fdl" i% fo'ks!k ij lsok ds dkj7k 4"ekj
gq, gks ftudks djrs gq, mud" 4"ekj" 4_9r" gks ;k visDkkd;r vf/kd
tksf#ke ok,s fdl" vlSfud i% ij dk;& djrs gks ;g vodk'k fu0ukafdr
'krks& ds vk/kkj ij (o"d;r fd;k tk ldsxk$
2i3 ;f% 4"ekj" ds dkj7k vleFk&rk gq5& gS rks eSf8d, 4ks8& B
kjk ;g izekf7kr fd;k tkosxk fd mDr 4"ekj" fdl" lsok fo'ks!k dks djus
ds dkj7k gq5& gS$
2ii3 ;f% de&'kj" d" ,sl" vleFk&rk lsuk d" lsok ds vfrfjDr v); fdl"
dkj7k ls gq5& gks rks ljdkj d" jk; esa ,sl" vleFk&rk viok%(oHi
vlk/kkj7k ifjf(Fkfr;ksa esa gq5& gks rks rFkk ftlds vlk/kkj7k mi'kj ds
f,;s mDr izdkj dk vodk'k (o"d;r fd;k tkuk mf'r izr"r gksrk gks$
-?.> i-l6f vodk%k 2Ga!e$i!' Leave3 & %ks ls de t"for l)rku gksus
d" f(Fkfr esa ,d efg,k jkT; de&'kj" dks izl<fr vodk'k vf/kdre -=?
f%u ds f,;s (o"d;r fd;k tk ldrk gS tks i<7k& lsokdk, esa vf/kdre /
4kj (o"d;r fd;k tkosxkJ vxj mDr vodk'k %ks 4kj (o"d;r gksus ds
mijk)r k" dks5& l)rku t"for ug"a gks rks ,d 4kj vkSj mDr vodk'k
(o"d;r fd;k tk ldrk gS$ vodk'k vof/k esa vodk'k ij iz(Fkku djus ls
i<o& d" frfFk dks %s; osru ds leku vodk'k osru f%;k tkosxk$ ;g
vodk'k de&'kj" ds #kkrs esa uke ug"a f,#kk tkrk 4fWd lsok iqf(rdk
esa mld" v,x ls izfof!F gksx"$
f&Si,kh& mDr fu;e ds rgr %ks ls de t"for l)rku d" f(Fkfr esa
xk&ikr 2)(o!io$3 rFkk xk&(Lko 2Gis0aia;e3 d" f(Fkfr esa
l0i<7k& lsokdk, esa vf/kdre %ks 4kj vodk'k (o"d;r fd;k tk ldsxk
ij)rq mDr izdj7k esa vodk'k vkos%u iL ds lkFk izkf/kd;r f'fdElk
vf/kdkj" dk izek7k iL la,Xu gksuk vfuok;& gksxk$ 2)(o!io$3 'kU%
esa xk&ikr d" vk'kadk 2<hea!e$ed )(o!io$3 lf0ef,r ug"a gS$ vr\
ml izdj7k esa ,slk vodk'k (o"dkj ug"a fd;k tkosxk$ vuq4)Vk ij dk;&jr
efg,k de&'kfj;ksa dks k" fo+k fokkx ds vk%s'k f%ukad -A>?6>
/??A ds vuqlkj -=? f%u dk izl<fr vodk'k (o"d;r fd;k tk ldrk gS$
1+1* , HJLo vodk%k 2Fa!e$i!' Leave3 & %ks ls de t"for l)rku
ok,s iqH!k de&'kfj;ksa dks viu" iEu" ds izlo ds %kSjku %s#kkk,
gsrq -N f%u dk Xr;Eo vodk'k 2l0i<7k& lsokdk, esa vf/kdre %ks 4kj3
%s; gS$ mDr vodk'k 4S's ds t)e ls -N f%u i<o& ls ,sdj t)e ds r"u
ekg d" vof/k ds %kSjku %s; gksxk mDr vof/k esa vodk'k dk mikksx
ug"a djus ij vodk'k ,sIl gks tkosaaxs mDr izdkj ls mikksx fd;s x;s
vodk'k d" de&'kj" d" lsok iqf(rdk esa v,x ls izfof!F d" tkosx"$
mDr vodk'k fdl" v); izdkj ds vodk'k ds lkFk f,;k tk ldsxk$ ;g vodk'k
ljdkj" de&'kj" d" iEu" ds xk&(Lko vFkok xk&ikr d" f(Fkfr esa
%s; ug"a gsxk$
1+2* i-l6f vodk%k dk v"; vodk%k ds lk#k lK0"/k & izl<fr
vodk'k dk mikksx v); fdl" k" izdkj ds vodk'k ds lkFk fd;k tk ldrk
gS$
1+5* fpfdLlk'; vodk%k & ;g vodk'k ,sls 'rqFk& Zs7k":f,Xfd; ox&
rFkk v/k"u(Fk lsok ds de&'kfj;ksa dks %s; gS ftudk osru -/???
izfrekg ls de gks rFkk ftudk dk;& #krjukd la;)L:fo(GksFd lkexz"
vFkok tgj"," %okvksa vkf% dks gkFk ls id89us dk gksJ og 4"ekj"
vFkok 'ksF ftldk og mi'kj djok jgk gS (i!F Hi ls mlds i% ls l04f)/kr
dr&O;ksa rFkk tksf#ke ds dkj7k gksu" 'kfg;s$
1+7*& fpfdLlk'; vodk%k vof/k dk osu& f'fdElk,; vodk'k dk
osru fu;e AO2-3 vFkok AO2/3ds vuqlkj ,sl" vof/k ds f,;s ftru"
(o"d;rk izkf/kdkj" mf'r le^s (o"d;r fd;k tk ldrk gS$
1+7* fo?k foHkkx ds vk$s%k f$ukad 12*+7*1@78 Zkjk
fo'ksH
1+8*X fpfdLlk'; vodk%k ds lk#k v"; i-dkj ds vodk%k&
f'fdElk,; vodk'k 5u fu;eksa esa %s; vodk'kksa ds vfrfjDr gS
vFkk&rM f'fdElk,; vodk'k ds lkFk v); fdl" k" izdkj vodk'k tks fd
vodk'k fu;eksa esa %s; gks (o"d;r fd;k tk ldrk gS$
jk<; ljdkj ds vk$s%k f$ukad +@*+1*1@@8
jkt(Fkku lsok fu;eksa ds v)rx&r f'fdElk izek7k iL ds vk/kkj ij
vodk'k (o"d;fr dk izko/kku fd;k gqvk gS$ vodk'k mikksx djus ds
izko/kkuksa ds %qHi;ksx djus d" izof+k ij vadq'k ,xkus ds f,;s ls
fu%s'kd f'fdElk ,oa (ok(F; lsok,sa vFkok v); (Fkkuksa ij f%;s x;s
lk" vk%s'kksa ds vf/kf!Kr djrs gq, fu0ukafdr vk%s'k tkj" djr" gS$
2-3 fdl" 4kf jksx" dks vf/kdre -N f%u d" vof/k ds f,;s f'fdElk
izek7k iL fdl" k" f'fdElk vf/kdkj" Bkjk tkj" fd;k tk ldrk gS$
2/3 -N f%u ls vf/kd d" vof/k ds f,;s ij)rq .? f%u rd dk f'fdElk
izek7k iL ofj!K f'fdElk vf/kdkj":dfu!K fo'ks!k*:lgk;d vk'k;& ,oa
mlls mij ds vf/kdkj" Bkjk tkj" fd;s tk ldsaxs 5lesa oDr -N f%ol d"
vof/k k" lf0ef,r gksx"$
2.3 .? f%u ls vf/kd ij)rq @N f%u rd d" vof/k ds f,;s f'fdElk izek7k
iL ofj!K fo'ks!k* 2izeq#k f'fdElk vf/kdkj":lg vkk'k;&3 vk'k;&
2Fofesso3 ,oa 1e la#;k / ij of7k&r vf/kdkj" ;f% izek7k iL izeq#k
f'fdElk vf/kdkj":eq#; f'fdElk ,oa (ok(F; vf/kdkj" vFkok v/k"Dkd
f'fdElk,; Bkjk izekf7kr djok;k gqvk gksJ mDr @N f%ol d" vof/k esa
e<, vof/k k" 'kkfe, gksx"$
2@3 @N f%u ls vf/kd d" vof/k ds f,;s f'fdElk izek7k iL dso, f'fdElk
e78, 2Gedi0al Poad3 Bkjk g" f%;k tk ldsxk ftlesa e<, vof/k k"
'kkfe, gksx"$
2N3 izl<frJ Dk; jksxJ dSaljJ g%; jksx tSl" ,04" 4"ekfj;ksa d" ds f,;s
(ok(F; lfefr d" ,d 4kj vfk'ka!kk ds vk/kkj ij fu;a)L7k vf/kdkj"
(ok(F; ij"Dk7k lfefr ds Bkjk 4kj&4kj ij"Dk7k d" vko';drk dks (ofoosd
ls f'kfFk,rk iz%ku djrs gq, f'fdElk izek7k iL tkj" dj ldsxk$
263 v)rjksx 2S$doo Fa!ie$!3 l04)/k esa .? f%u ls vf/kd ds f'fdElk
izek7k iL ds f,;s f'fdElk,; v/k"Dkd ls izfrg(rkDkj gksuk vfuok;& gS$
2O3 jkT; ds 4kgj ds eke,ksa esa l04f)/kr la(Fkku ds
v/k"Dkd:lDke f'fdEld dk izek7k iL f'fdElk vodk'k ds f,;s ek);
gksxk$
2=3 jkT; de&'kj" ds f,;s fdl" izk5&osF f'fdEld dk izek7k iL ek);
ug"a gksxk$
2A3 fdl" k" de&'kj" Bkjk fofk)u f'fdElk vf/kdkfj;ksa ,oa
fofk)u f'fdElk iRfr;ksa ds v)rx&r izkIr fd;s x;s f'fdElk izek7k iL
ek); ug"a gksxsa ,oa 5ldks %qjk'j7k 2Gis0o$du0!3 ekurs gq,
de&'kj" ds foHR fokkx"; dk;&okg" d" tkosx"$
vk;qosZ$ fpfdLlk vf/kdkfj;ksa Zkjk !kjh fpfdLlk i-ek,k iB ds
lK0"/k esa fu;e
2-3 ,d f'fdElk vf/kdkj" 4fgjax jksx" dks vf/kdre -N f%ol ds f,;s
f'fdElk izek7k iL %s ldsxk$
2/3 -N f%ol ds i''krM iqu\ O&O f%u d" vof/k ds f,;s f'fdElk
izek7k iL %s ldsxk$
2.3 /A f%u ls @N f%ol d" vfo/k ds f,;s jksx izek7k iL bvc Zs7k" ds
f'fdElk,; ds ofj!K f'fdEld:ft,k vk;qos&% vf/kdkj":lgk;d
fu%s'kd:izkkj" jlk;u'kk,k:lgk;d f'fdElk vuqla/kku rFkk 5lds
ledDk rFkk 5lls mS'kf/kdkj" Bkjk tkj" fd;k tk ldsxk ftlesa e<, vof/k
k" lf0ef,r gksx"$
2@3 @N f%ol ls vf/kdk dk f'fdElk izek7k iL (ok(F; ij"Dk7k lfefr
2vk;&os%3 Bkjk g" tkj" fd;k tk ldsxk$
2N3 izl<frJ Dk; jksxJ dSaljJ g%; jksx tSl" ,04" 4"ekfj;ksa ds f,;s
(ok(F; lfefr d" ,d 4kj vfk'ka!kk ds vk/kkj ij fu;aL7k vf/kdkj" (ok(F;
ij"Dk7k d" vko';drk dks (ofoosd ls f'kfFk,rk iz%ku dj f'fdElk izek7k
iL %s ldsxk$
263 v)rjax jksx" ds l04)/k esa .? f%u ls vf/kd d" vof/k ds f'fdElk
izek7k iL ij bvc Zs7k" f'fdElk,; ds izkkj" ds izfrg(rkDkj d" vko';drk
gksx"$
2O3 jkT; ds 4kgj ds eke,ksa esa l04f)/kr f'fdElk,;:la(Fkku ds
f'fdEld dk izek7k iL ek); gksxk$
uks& & LokL#; ijh.k,k lfef esa fuKu l$L; ;ksxsa W&
-> v/;Dk & ft,k vk;qos&% vf/kdkj":lgk;d fu%s'kd:izkkj"
jlk;u'kk,k:lgk;d f'fdEld v); ledDk vFkok mS'kf/kdkj"$
/> la;kstd & l04f)/kr ft,s ds bvc Zs7k" f'fdElk,;J ds ofj!K
f'fdEld
.> v/;Dk Bkjk euksu"r %ks f'fdEldJ vko';d gksus ij efg,k
f'fdEld
1+@* v/;;u vodk%k & ;g fu;e dso, v/;;u vodk'k ls l04f)/kr gSJ
jkt(Fkku lsok fu;e N- ds vuqlkj fdl" fo'ks!k dk;& dks djus ;k rdu"d"
lsokvksa ls l04f)/kr vuqla/kku ds f,;s kkjr ds 4kgj izfrfu;qfDr fd;s
x;s de&'kfj;ksa ij ;s ,kx< ug"a gksxs$ muds izdj7k jkt(Fkku lsok
fu;e N- dss vuqlkj g" fu(rkfjr fd;s tkosaxs$
11+* v/;;u vodk%k dh $s;k&
2-3 ;g vodk'k jkT; ds (Fkk;" de&'kj" dks fdl" ,sls ikKM;1e ;k
oS*kfud ;k rdu"d" vuqla/kku ds f,;s %s; gksrk gS tks fd (o"d;fr
izkf/kdkj" d" %;f!F esa fokkx"; dk;&J ftlesa og fu;ksftr gSJ ds f,;s
vko';d gS$
2/3 fu;e --?2-3 esa izko/kku gksrs gq, k" ;g vodk'k r"u o!k&
d" fuj)rj lsok i<7k& 'qds ,sls v(Fkk;" de&'kj" dks k" %s; gS ftud"
fu;qfDr jkt(Fkku ,ksd lsok vk;ksx ds ijke'k& ls 2vxj og i% vkji",ll"
ds dk;&DksL esa gS3vFkok l04f)/kr lsok fu;eksa ds vuqlkj ;k
l04f)/kr i% gsrq dks5& fof'k!F lsok fu;e ug"a gks rks lDke izkf/kdkj"
Bkjk fu/kk&fjr 'kSDkf7kd ;ksX;rkJ vuqko vkf% d" 'kr& i<7k& djus ij
d" x;" gks$
2.3 os v(Fkk;" de&'kj" ft)gksaus r"u o!k& d" fuj)rj lsok i<7k&
dj ," gS ij)rq fu;e --?2/3 esa vafdr 'krks& d" i<fr& ug"a djrs
gSJ dks k" tufgr esa izekf7kr mS' v/;;u ds f,;s / o!k& dk vlk/kkj7k
vodk'k lsok fu;e A62#k3 ds izko/kkuksa esa f'kfFk,rk iz%ku djrs
gq, (o"d;r fd;k tk ldrk gS$
2@3 lkek);r\ /? o!k& d" vf/kd d" lsok ds de&'kfj;ksa dks ;g
vodk'k %s; ug"a gS$
2N3 i<7k& lsokdk, esa v/;;u vodk'k / o!k& ds f,;s g" (o"d;r fd;k
tk ldrk gS$
263 viok% (oHi eke,ksa dks Qks89dj v/;;u vodk'k d" vof/k ,d 4kj
esa -/ ekg ls vf/kd ug"a gksx"$
2O3 v/;;u vodk'k (o"d;r djus ok,s lDke izkf/kdkj" Bkjk ;g lqfuf''r
fd;k tkosxk fd ,sls v/;;u vodk'k (o"d;r djus ls jktd"; dk;& esa 4k/kk
vFkok ds8j iz4)/k d" le(;k ug"a gksx"$
f&Si,kh & 2-3 5at"fu;fjax f8I,ksek/kkj" de&'kj" ftudks fu;e
--?2-3 vFkok 2/3 ds vuqlkj /@ ekg dk v/;;u vodk'k %s; gS 5lds
v,kok ,d o!k& dk vfrfjDr vodk'k tks mls fu;ekuqlkj %s; gksJ
5at"fu;fjax d" f8xz" izkIr djus gsrq (o"d;r fd;k tk ldrk gS$ vxj vkSj
fdl" izdkj dk vodk'k 4dk;k ug"a gks rks v/;;u vodk'k ds lkFk ,d o!k&
dk vlk/kkj7k vodk'k (o"d;r fd;k tk ldrk gS$
2/3 5at"fu;fjax f8I,ksek/kkj" de&'kj" ftlus v(Fkk;" vkSj fuj)rj
r"u o!k& d" lsok i<7k& dj ," gS rFkk f!udks f&Si,kh 1 esa f$;s
i-ko/kkuksa ds vuqlkj v/;;u vodk%k $s; u;ha ;>D mudks
5at"fu;fjax f8xz" izkIr djus gsrq . o!k& dk vlk/kkj7k vodk'k
jkt(Fkku lsokfu;e A62#k3 ds izko/kku esa f'kfFk,rk iz%ku djrs gq,
(o"d;r fd;k tk ldrk gS$
111* fo?k foHkkx ds vk$s%k f$ukad 22*12*1@7@ Zkjk
fo'ksH
112* v/;;u vodk%k LohdJ djus dh %kZ & 2-3 v/;;u vodk'k
(o"d;r djus ok,s lDke vf/kdkj" dks ;g izekf7kr djuk gksxk fd ,slk
v/;;u vodk'k (o"d;r djuk fokkx o i% ds fgr esa gksxk ftl ij de&'kj"
dk;& dj jgk gS rFkk fdl" de&'kj" dks v/;;u vodk'k 5ruk tW%"&tW%"
(o"d;r ug"a fd;k tkosxk fd mldk fu;fer dk;ks& ls l0id& g" lekIr gks
tkos rFkk mld" vuqif(Fkfr ds dkj7k laox& iz4)/k d" le(;k mEi)u
gks$ lkek);r\ ,d 4kj esa -/ ekg dk v/;;u vodk'k mf'r ekuk x;k gS
rFkk viok%(oHi ifjf(Fkfr;ksa ds vfrfjDr 5lesa o;fR ug"a d" tku"
'kfg;s$
2/3 ,d de&'kj" dks mlds l0i<7k& lsokdk, esa vf/kdre /@ ekg dk
v/;;u vodk'k g" (o"d;r fd;k tk ldrk gS ftls og ,d vFkok vf/kd voljksa
ij mikksx dj ldrk gS$ mDr vodk'k dk mikksx v); fdl" izdkj ds
vodk'k ls lkFk fd;k tk ldrk gS v/;;u vodk'k ds lkFk v); fdl" izdkj dk
vodk'k ,sus ij lk" vodk'k fe,kdj vodk'k d" vf/kdre vof/k /= ekg
rFkk vlk/kkj7k vodk'k d" f(Fkfr esa vf/kdre . o!k& gks ldsx"$
uks& & v/;;u vodk'k ds %kSjku lkek); vB&osru vodk'k ds leku osru
%s; gksrk gS ij)rq mld" izfof!F vB&osru vodk'k #kkrs esa ug"a d"
tkdj de&'kj" d" lsok iqf(rdk esa v,x ls d" tkosx"$
111* v/;;u vodk%k dk v"; i-dkj ds vodk%k ds lk#k la;ks!u&
v/;;u vodk'k dk mikksx v); fdl" k" izdkj ds fu;ekuqlkj %s; vodk'k
ds lkFk fd;k tk ldrk gS ij)rq v/;;u vodk'k (o"d;fr ds i''krM de&'kj"
ds vodk'k #kkrs esa 5ruk 'ks!k gksuk 'kfg;s fd og vius v/;;u lekfIr
ds i''krM vius i% ij dk;&xzg7k dj lds$
112* LohdJ v/;;u vodk%k dh vof/k esa v/;;u i6jk u;ha ;ksus
ij & ,d de&'kj" dks ftruk v/;;u vodk'k (o"d;r fd;k x;k gS mrus le;
esa v/;;u i<7k& gksus d" l0kkouk ug"a gksus ij de&'kj" dks ;k rks
(o"d;r vodk'k ls vf/kd vof/k ds v/;;u esa dFkSfr dju" gksx" vFkok
vfrfjDr vof/k gsrq vodk'k (o"d;rk izkf/kdkj" ls vlk/kkj7k vodk'k
(o"d;r djokuk gksxk$
115* v/;;u vodk%k ds f';s i-k#kZukiB& fu;e --6 esa f%;s x;s
izko/kkuksa ds vfrfjDr v/;;u vodk'k ds lk" izkFk&ukiL eq#;
,s#kkf/kdkj":ofj!K ,s#kkf/kdkj":,s#kkf/kdkj" dks lDke izkf/kdkj"
ds izek7k iL ds lkFk iz(rqr fd;s tkosxs$ vkos%u iL esa iz(rkfor
ikKM;1e dk i<7k& fooj7k 2ftlesa og izos'k ,suk 'kgrk gS3 %suk
gksxk$ kkjr ds 4kgj v/;;u (o"d;fr ds eke,s esa ;f% dk;&1e esa
dks5& ifjor&u gks rks mls lDke izkf/kdkj" ls ,sls ifjor&u ds l04)/k
esa vuqefr izkIr djus ls i<o& izos'k ug"a ,suk 'kfg;s$
117* v"; i-dkj ds vodk%k dk v/;;u vodk%k esa ifjoZu& ;<jksi
vFkok vesfjdk esa vodk'k dk mikksx dj jgk dks5& de&'kj" vxj
vodk'k vof/k ds %kSjku g" dks5& v/;;u djuk 'kgs rks vkSj (o"d;r
vodk'k ds fdl" kkx dks v/;;u vodk'k esa ifjofr&r djokuk 'kgs rks
mls v/;;u izkj0k djus ls i<o& iz(rkfor v/;;u dk l0i<7k& fooj7k
ikKM;1e lfgr 2vxj mi,U/k gks3 ljdkj dks iz(rqr djuk 'kfg;s$
117* v/;;u Hk?kk& ljdkj fdl" ek);rk izkIr la(Fkk esa v/;;u ds ,d
fuf''r ikKM;1e dks djus vFkok fof'k!F Zs7k" ds dk;ks& ds fuj"Dk7k ds
f,;s fuf''r %kSjs rFkk ikKM;1e ds v)r esa ij"Dkk esa lf0ef,r gksus
ds le; ds f,;s v/;;u k+ks d" %jsa fu/kk&fjr dj ldr" gS$
118* v/;;u vof/k ds $k>jku fo4kedk' dk v/;;u Hk?kk& fdl" k"
foZkedk, d" vof/k dk v/;;u k+kk -@ f%u rd dk (o"d;r fd;k tk ldrk
gS 4'krs& d" ,slk foZkedk, (o;a d" 4"ekj" ds dkj7k f,;k x;k gks 25l
gsrq f'fdElk vf/kdkj" dk izek7k iL iz(rqr djuk gksxk3 v); Yd" dkj7k
ls foZke ,sus d" f(Fkfr esa foZkedk, dk v/;;u k+kk %s; ug"a
gksxk$ vxj v/;;u vodk'k d" lekfIr ds i''krM dr&O; ij mif(Fkr gq, f4uk
g" de&'kj" lsokfuo;+k gks jgk gS rks mldks 5l vodk'k ds %kSjku
kqxrku fd;s x;s v/;;u k+ks d" ol<," d" tkosx" rFkk mldks
(o"d;r fd;k x;k v/;;u vodk'k mld" lsokfuo;f+k ds f%u 4dk;k vodk'k
,s#kksa esa lek;ksftr fd;k tkosxk mlds mijk)r k" dks5& vodk'k
4dk;k jgus d" f(Fkfr esa mls isa'ku ;ksX; lsok d" vfo/k esa ls de dj
f%;k tkosxk$
11@* v/;;u ikPT;]e dk %kqCd& lkek);r\ v/;;u vodk'k (o"d;r fd;s
de&'kj" dks ikKM;1e dk 'kqWd (o;a g" ogu djuk gksxk dso,
viok%(oHi ifjf(Fkfr;ksa esa ikKM;1e 'kqWd ljdkj ogu dj ldr" gS$
jk!L#kku ljdkj ds fu,kZ;
-> v/;;u vodk'k (o"d;r fd;s x;s de&'kj" dk v/;;u vodk'k ds
%kSjkuJ vodk'k osru ds vfrfjDr jktd"; ;k v); (Lksr ls
%s; QkLo;f+k ;k (Fk5&G78 izkIr djus rFkk j#kus d"
vuqefr %" tk ldr" gS$
/> t4 de&'kj" Bkjk QkLo;f+k ;k (Fk5&G78 d" jkf'k izkIr d" tk
jg" gS rks mlds ikKM;1e 'kqWd dks ljdkj Bkjk ogu ug"a
fd;k tkosxk$
.> QkLo;f+k vFkok (Fk5&G78 izkIr dj jgs de&'kj" dk v/;;u
k+kk uga f%;k tkosxk ij)rq QkLo;f+k ;k (Fk5&G78 d"
jkf'k esa ls ikKM;1e 'kqWd de djus ds i''krM og jkf'k %s;
v/;;u k+ks d" jkf'k ls de gks rks ,sl" v)rj jkf'k 2QkLo;f+k v/;;u
k+kk3 v/;;u k+ks ds Hi esa (o"d;r d" tk ldsx"$
12+* ikPT;]e i6,kZ djus dk i-ek,k iB & fdl" ikKM;1e dks i<7k&
djus ds i''krM de&'kj" Bkjk ,d izek7k iL 2ij"Dkk m+k"7k& djus ds
izek7k iL lfgr3 ljdkj dks iz(rqr fd;k tkosxk$
121* i$ks"uf ,oa isa%ku ds f';s v/;;u vodk%k dh x,kuk&
i%ks)ufr vFkok isa'ku ds f,;s v/;;u vodk'k dks lsokof/k ds Hi esa
ekuk tkosxk rFkk ;g de&'kj" ds vodk'k #kkrs dks k" izkkfor ug"a
djsxk$ ;g vBosru ij (o"d;r vfrfjDr vodk'k gkarks gS tks lkek); Hi ls
(o"d;r fd;s tkus ok,s vB&osru vodk'k d" vf/kdre vof/k d" x7kuk esa
'kkfe, ug"a gksxk$
121* , jk!dh; lsok ds f';s 0"/kiB Hkjuk& v/;;u vodk'k dk
mikksx djus ok,s de&'kj" dks v/;;u:izf'kDk7k ij tkus ls i<o& ,sls
v/;;u:izf'kDk7k ds i''krM ,d fuf''r vof/k rd lsok djus dk 4)/kiL kjdj
ljdkj dks %suk gksxk tks fu0ukuqlkj gS &
v/;;u vodk'k d" vof/k vuq4)/k d" vof/k
r"u ekg ,d o!k&
Q\ ekg %ks o!k&
,d o!k& r"u o!k&
%ks o!k& 2/9.3 ika' o!k&
jk!L#kku ljdkj dk fu,kZ; & dks5& de&'kj" vxj v/;;u vodk'k ds
mikksx ds 4k% f4uk lsok esa ,kSFs g" E;kxiL %s %srk gS rFkk
4)/kiL esa fu/kk&fjr vof/k lekIr gksus ls i<o& g" fdl" le; lsok ls
E;kxiL %s %sosa vFkok lsok ls fuo;+k dj f%;k tkos rks mlds v/;;u
vodk'k d" vof/k ds %kSjku mldks kqxrku fd;s x;s vodk'k
osru:v/;;u kErk:;kLk k+kk:ikK;1e 'kqWd rFkk v); k+ks vkf%
d" %qxqu" jkf'k rFkk ml ij U;kt %78 ds Hi esa ol<, fd;k tkosxk$
v(Fkk;" de&'kj" dks vxj fu;eksa esa f'kfFk,rk %srs gq, v/;;u vodk'k
(o"d;;r fd;k x;k gSJ mlls k" mDrkuqlkj g" ol<," d" tkosx"$
Li"&hdj,k & 2-3 fu;e A6 2#k3 esa f'kfFk,rk iz%ku djrs gq, ;f%
fdl" ,d v(Fkk;" de&'kj" dks v/;;u vodk'k ds lkFk vlk/kkj7k vodk'k
k" (o"d;r fd;k x;k gS rFkk og f4uk lsok esa ,kSFs g" E;kxiL %s
%srk gS ;k fu/kk&fjr vof/k d" lsok i<7k& djus ls i<o& g" lsokfuo;f+k
,s ,srk gS vFkok lsokfuo;+k dj f%;k tkrk gS mldks vodk'k osru ds Hi
esa kqxrku d" x;" jkf'k d" rFkk vlk/kkj7k vodk'k ds %kSjku mlds
(Fkku ij fu;qDr fd;s tkus ok,s O;fDr ij gksus ok,s l0kkfor O;;
%ksuksa d" %qxqu" jkf'k ol<," ;ksX; gksx"$
2/3 mi;q&Dr ifjf(Fkfr esa ,d v(Fkk;" de&'kj" Bkjk iz(rqr fd;k tkus
ok,k 4)/kiL 2iziL&x3 ds lkFk %ks ,sls (Fkk;" de&'kj" d" tekur
la,Xu gksu" 'kfg;s tks mlds ledDk vFkok mlls mS' gks$
2.3 fdl" egkfoPk,; ds f'kDk7k (FkG dks jkt(Fkku ds fdl" egkfoPk,;
esa (Fkkuk)rj7k gksus ij muds Bkjk jkt(Fkku ljdkj ds 4)/kiL ds
mCs'; esa fo'ofoPk,; esa d" tkus ok," lsok dks jkt(Fkku ljdkj esa d"
tkus ok," lsok ekuk tkosxk$
122* ijhfo.kk/khu dks vodk%k& ifjo"Dkk/k"u de&'kfj;ksa dks
l04f)/kr fu;eksa ds vuqlkj vodk'k (o"d;r fd;k tk ldrk gS ij)rq ;f%
fdl" dkj7k ls ifjo"Dkk/k"u de&'kj" d" lsok,s lekIr fd;k tkuk iz(rkfor
gks rks mls ifjo"Dkkdk, 2e<, ;k 4_9k;s x;s3 ds 4k% dks5& vodk'k
(o"d;r ug"a fd;k tkosxk$
122 ,k ijhfo.kk/khu i-f%k.k,kk#khZ dks vodk%k& ,d
ij"foDkk/k"u izf'kDk7kkFk"& ij"foDkk vof/k ds %kSjku fdl" izdkj dk
dks5& vodk'k vft&r ug"a djsxk$
2kk3 ij)rq ,d efg,k ij"foDkk/k"u izf'kDk7kkFk"& dks fu;e -?. ds
vuqlkj izl<fr vodk'k %s; gksxk$
121* f%k.kkf#kZ;ksa )ppe$!i0e dks vodk%k & f'kDkkfFk&;ksa
dks f'fdElk izek7k iL ds vk/kkj ij vlk/kkj7k vodk'k v(Fkk;"
de&'kfj;ksa d" kkafr (o"d;r fd;s tk ldsaxs$
va%kdk'hu lsokvksa Zkjk 5ikf!Z vodk%k dk v!Zu
122* va%kdk'hu v/;kidksa #kk fof/k l;k;dksa dks vodk%k &
fofk)u foPk,;ksa:egkfoPk,;ksa esa va'kdk,"u f'kDkdks rFkk
);k;k,;ksa esa dk;&jr va'kdk,"u fof/k vf/kdkfj;ksa dks ftuds ,d
(Fkk;" osru ij fu;qDr fd;k gqvk gS dks fu;ekuqlkj vodk'k %s;
gksaxs$
2d3 ml la(Fkk:);k;k,; ftles og izk/;kid ;k fof/k vf/kdkj" dk;&jr gSJ
dks ml la(Fkk ds foZkedk, ds %kSjku i<7k& osru ij foZkedk, dk
mikksx djus d" vuqefr gksx" ;f% mlds dkj7k dks ljdkj dks vfrfjDr
O;; ug"a djuk i89s rFkk ;g vodk'k vof/k dr&O;ksa esa lf0ef,r
gksx"$
2#k3 6 o!k& d" lsok i<7k& djus ds i''krM mldks l0i<7k& lsokdk,
esa vf/kdre r"u ekg dk vB&osru vodk'k %s; gksxk$
2x3 esf8d, izek7k iL ds vk/kkj ij ,d le; esa vf/kdre %ks ekg dk
vB&osru vodk'k f%;k tk ldsxk ij)rq %ks vodk'kksa ds 4"' esa r"u
o!k& dk v)rjk, 2dk;&dk,3 gksuk vko';d gS$
2Vk3 fu;e A6 ds vuqlkj vlk/kkj7k vodk'k (o"d;r fd;ktk ldsxk$
125* fofHk"u i-dkj ds vodk%kksa dk la;ks!u& fu;e -/@ ds
fdl" ,d kkx ds v)rx&r f%;s tkus ok,s vodk'k dks fdl" %<ljs kkx
esa %s; vodk'k ds lkFk f,;k tk ldrk gS$
127* eku$s; v#kok $s>fud ikfj4fed ij dh x;h lsok es vf!Z
vodk%k& ,d de&'kj" tks fd eku%s; vFkok f(Fkj %sSfud ikfjZfed ds
vk/kkj ij fu;qDr de&'kfjs;ksa dks fu;e -/@ vFkok -/N esa mfW,f#kr
vodk'k 5l 'kr& ij (o"d;r fd;s tk ldrs gS fd og vius dr&O; ds l0ik%u dk
l)rks!kiz% iz4)/k dj %s rFkk 5lds dkj7k ljdkj ij dks5& vfrfjDr O;; kkj
ug"a i89s$ mDr fu;e -/@2#k3 esa mfW,f#kr izd;fr ds vodk'k ds
f,;s mldk dq, eku%s; vFkok ikfjZfed mlds (Fkku ij dk;& djus ok,s
O;fDr dks f%;k tkosxk$
uks&& vkdfLed vodk%k 3,L, vodk%k dh 4s,kh esa u;ha
vkk)
v/;k; &11 o>$sf%kd lsok fu;e 121&157
121* o>$sf%kd lsok ds f';s deZpkjh dh l;ef & fdl" k"
de&'kj" dks mld" 5SQk ds foHR mls oS%sf'kd lsok esa (Fkkuk)rfjr
ug"a fd;k tk ldrk ij)rq (Fkkuk)rj7k ,sls fu;eJ fudk;ksaJ ft,k ifj!k%J
ia'k;r lfefr vkf% esa fd;k tkuk gksJ ftu ij ljdkj dk (okfeEo ,oa i<7k&
rFkk vkaf'kd fu;)L7k gksJ rks de&'kj" d" lgefr d" vko';drk ug"a
gksx"$
122* o>$sf%kd lsok esa L#kkuk"j,k d0 fd;k !k ldk ;> &
2d3 (Fkkuk)rj7k ds 4k% mlls ,sls dk;& djok;s tkus gks tks ,d
,ksdfgr ds l04f)/kr dkj7kksa ls fdl" de&'kj" Bkjk fd;s tkus gks$
2#k3 (Fkkuk)rj7k ds le; de&'kj" ,sls i% ij dk;&jr gks ftldk kqxrku
laf'r fuf/k ls fd;k tk jgk gS rFkk og ml i% ij i%kf/kdkj j#krk gS$s
uksF & vxj ljdkj" de&'kj" d" izfrfu;qfDr fdl" xSj ljdkj" la(Fkk esa
d" tku" gS rks ,slk viok%(oHi ifjf(Fkfr;ksa esa g" gksuk 'kfg;s
rFkk ,sl" izfrfu;qfDr dk dks5& fo'ks!k vkSf'E; gksuk 'kfg;s$ ,d
v(Fkk;" de&'kj" dk k" oS%sf'kd lsok esa (Fkkuk)rj7k fd;k tk ldrk
gS$
2/3 oSs%sf'kd lsok esa izfrfu;qfDr d" l<'uk lDke izkf/kdkj" 2iSr;d
fokkx3 Bkjk egk,s#kkdkj dks iziL \vc esa rFkk oS%sf'kd
fu;kstd Bkjk iziL b4c k" fktok;" tku" 'kfg;s de&'kj" dks vius
dk;&kkj g(rk)rj7k d" l<'uk lDke vf/kdkj" dks %su" 'kfg;s rFkk
vius oS%sf'kd lsok ls ,kSFus d" l<'uk rFkk oS%sf'kd lsok oS%sf'kd
lsok dk, esa izkIr osruJ f,;s x;s vodk'k rFkk iL O;ogkj ds irs vkf% d"
okafQr l<'uk le;&le; ij lDke izkf/kdkj" dks fktok;" tku" 'kfg;s tks
lDke vf/kdkj" Bkjk ekax" tkos$
2.3 de&'kj" d" izfrfu;qfDr ds %kSjku fu;ekuqlkj isa'ku va'k%ku
jkT; ljdkj ds #kkrs esaa tek djok;k tkdj mld" izfof!F de&'kj" d" lsok
iqf(rdk esa djok;k tkuk lqfuf''r fd;k tkuk 'kfg;s rkfd lsokfuo;f+k ij
de&'kj" ds isa'ku vkf% esa fdl" izdkj d" dks5& dfKuk5& ug"a gks$
121* vodk%k dk' esa o>$sf%kd lsok esa L#kkuk"j,k ij osu
vkf$ dk Hkqxku& vxj fdl" de&'kj" dk vodk'k mikksx ds %kSjku
oS%sf'kd lsok esa (Fkkuk)rj7k dj f%;k tkos rks ,sl vk%s'k tkj" gksus
d" f%ukad ls g" de&'kj" dk vodk'k lekIr ekuk tkosxk rFkk de&'kj"
vodk'k osru izkIr djuk 4)% dj %sxk$ oS%sf'kd lsok ds %kSjku
de&'kj" ml" i% ;k laox& esa dk;& djsxk ftl ij og (Fkkuk)rj7k ls i<o&
(Fkk;" ;k dk;&okgd Hi ls dk;& dj jgk Fkk$ oS%sf'kd lsok ds %kSjku
lDke izkf/kdkj" Bkjk fu0u f4)%qvksa dks /;ku esa j#krs gq, de&'kj"
dks (Fkk;" ;k (Fkkuki)u i%ks)ufr %" tk ldr" gS$
2-3 oS%sf'kd lsok ds %kSjku mlds Bkjk l0ikf%r fd;s tkus ok,s dk;&
d" izd;fr
2/3 e<, laox& es mlls dfu!K O;fDr dks %" x;" i%ks)ufr
122* o>$sf%kd lsok ds $k>jku osu i-kS djus dh f$ukad &
oS%sf'kd lsok ds %kSjku de&'kj" vius fu;ksDrk ls ml" f%u osru izkIr
djuk 4)% dj %sxk ftl f%u og vius i% dk dk;&kkj fdl" v); de&'kj"
dks lkSairk gS vFkk&rM vius i<o& i% ls dk;&eqDr gksrs g"
dk;&xzg7k dk, lfgr osru vius fo%s'k" fu;ksDrk ls izkIr djsxk$
dk;&xzg7k dk, rFkk dk;&xzg7k dk, ds %kSjku dk osru lDke izkf/kdkj"
oS%sf'kd fu;ksDrk ls l,kg dj fu/kk&fjr djsxk$
vads.k,k fu$sZ%k &tgka oS%sf'kd lsok d" 'kr& ij fdl" de&'kj" dks
izfrfu;qDr fd;k x;k gks rFkk og jktd"; lsok ls fuo;Er gks x;k gks
ij)rq mlds lkFk oS%sf'kd lsok ls fuo;Er ug"a gqvk gks rks
egk,s#kkdkj Bkjk mlds oS%sf'kd fu;kstd dks ml de&'kj" d" lsok
fuo;fEr d" frfFkJ vkgfjr d" x;" isa'ku d" jkf'k vkf% dk fooj7k kstk
tkosxk rkfd fo%s'k" fu;kstd dks fu;kstu d" or&eku 'krks& d"
vko';drkuqlkj la'kksf/kr dj lds$
122* d o>$sf%kd lsok esas i-ffu;qf: dh %ksZ& ,d jkT;
de&'kj" ftldks ds)%z"; ljdkj v); jkT; ljdkj vFkok lko&tfud mi1e ;k
v); (ok;r'kkl" la(Fkkvksa esa izfrfu;qDr fd;k tkrk gSJ ij ,kx< gksus
ok," izfrfu;qfDr d" 'krs& 5l gsrq le;&le; ij jkT; ljdkj Bkjk tkj" fd;s
tkus ok,s vk%s'kksa ls fofu;fer gksx"$
2/3 izfrfu;qfDr esa v(Fkk;" vk/kkj ij (Fkkuk)rj7k Bkjk d" x;"
fu;qfDr;ka g" 'kkfe, gS$ fdl" izfr;ksx" ij"Dkk vFkok lkDkkEdkj ds
ek/;e ls l"/k" kr"& ds ek/;e ls vFkok (Fkk;" Hi ls oS%sf'kd lsok esa
fo,"u gksuk 5lesa lf0ef,r ug"a gksxk$
2.3 oS%sf'kd lsok ds %kSjku de&'kj" dks vius osru 2is 4S)8 rFkk
xzs8 is3 dk />N izfr'kr vFkok 6?? Hi;k izfrekg %ksuksa esa ls tks de
gks d" %j ls izfrfu;qfDr k+kk %s; gksxk$
2@3 i-ffu;qf: dk' esa osu &izfrfu;qfDr dk, esa de&'kj" vius
i% dk e<, osru izkIr djus dk vf/kdkj" gksxk e<, osru ls vk'k; ,sls
osru ls gS tks fd og iSr;d fokkx esa tgka ls og (Fkkuk)rfjr gqvk
gS ,sl" izfrfu;qfDr ls i<o& vkgfjr dj jgk Fkk$
2ii3 ;f% de&'kj" iSr;d fokkx esa O;fDrxr osru izkIr dj jgk Fkk mls
og O;fDrxr osru oS%sf'kd fu;qfDr ds %kSjku k" izkIr gksrk jgsxk
tks fd izfrfu;qfDr kErs ds vfrfjDr gksxk$ mDr O;fDrxr osru 4k% esa
osru o;fR vFkok i%ks)ufr ds dkj7k osru esa gksus ok,s o;fR esa fo,;
gks tkosxk$
2iii3 jkt(Fkku ukxfjd lsok;s 2la'kksf/kr osrueku3 fu;e -A=- ds
ifjf'k!F&kk esa %'kk&;s x;s fo'ks!k osru vxj de&'kj" oS%sf'kd lsok
esa izfrfu;qfDr d" f%ukad ls %ks o!k& i<o& ls fuj)rj izkIr dj jgk gS
rks 5ls e<, osru dk g" kkx ekuk tkosxk$
2iv3 jkt(Fkku lf'ok,;J jkT;ik, lf'ok,;J jkt(Fkku ,ksd lsok vk;ksx
rFkk jkt(Fkku fo/kku lkk ds vf/kdkj" ;k de&'kj" t4 dg"a
izfrfu;qfDr:;k oS%sf'kd lsok esa tkrs gS rks m)gs izfrfu;qfDr dk,
esa og fo'ks!k osru ug"a fe,sxk tks fd og mu (Fkkuksa ij izkIr dj
jgs FksJ ij)rq ,sl" izfrfu;qfDr d" vfo/k @ o!k& ls vf/kd vof/k rd tkj"
jgr" gS rks 'kj o!k& d" vof/k lekfIr ds i''krM m)gsa ,slk fo'ks!k
osru fe,uk izkj0k gks tkosxk tks fd mudks e<, i% ij jgrs gq, izkIr
gksrkJ 2D;ksafd 'kj o!k& d" izfrfu;qfDr vof/k ds i''krM de&'kj"
izfrfu;qfDr k+ks dk vf/kdkj" ug"a jgrk3$
2v3 la'kksf/kr osrueku fu;e /??= 2iv3 ds fFIi7k" la#;k N ds
vuqlkj ;f% fdl" izks4s'kuj izf'kDk7kkFk"& dks izf'kDk7k vof/k ds
%ksSjku oS%sf'kd lsok esa izfrfu;qfDr fd;k tkrk gS rks mls 5l vof/k
ds %kSjku izfrfu;qfDr k+kk %s; ug"a gksxk$
viok$ & ,sls jkT; de&'kj" ft)gsa kk#k89k O;kl iz4)/k e78,J t,
,oa foPqr ijke'kz& lsok 2kkjr3 fuxe rFkk v); ds)%z"; vFkok
v)rjk&Tt"; la(Fkkvksa esa kstk tkos rks m)gsa fu0u izdkj ls
osru ,oa egaxk5& k+kk fe,sxk$
2-3 izfrfu;qfDr O;fDr;ksa dks oS%sf'kd fu;kstd 2m/kkj ,sus ok,s
fokkx3 dk osrueku (o"dkj djus dk fodWi gksxk rFkk mudk osru
jkt(Fkku lsok fu;e /6 ds vuqlkj f(Fkj fd;k tkosxk$
2/3 ;g lqfuf''r djus d" %;f!F ls fd izfrfu;qfDr ij tkus ok,s fdl"
ljdkj" de&'kj" dks mDrkuqlkj fodWi %sus ij mlds osru esa vlkek);
o;fR ug"a gks vFkk&rM tgka de&'kj" dk izfrfu;qfDr ok,s i% dk
);<ure vFkok is 4S)8 rFkk xzs8 is fe,kdj dq, jkf'k de&'kj" ds e<,
i% ds is 4S)8 rFkk xzs8 is ls i;k&Ir Hi ls vf/kd gS 2izfrfu;qfDr
k+ks3 rks de&'kj" dks f%;k tkus ok,k osru mlds e<, is 4S78 rFkk
xzs8 is ds .>N izfr'kr ls vf/kd ug"a gksuk 'kfg;s$
vxj de&'kj" dks oS%sf'kd fu;kstd ds osrueku ds vuqlkj osru
,sus dk fodWi f%;k gS rks mls ml" vuqlkj egaxk5& kErk %s; gksxk
v);Fkk og iSr;d fokkx ds fu;ekuqlkj egaxk5& kErk izkIr djrk
jgsxk$
5 v"; HkLs ,oa lqfo/kk;s & 2i3 edku fdjk;k kErk&edku
fdjk;k kErk m/kkj ,sus ok,s fokkx rFkk iSr;d fokkx %ksuksa
esa ls tks k" ,kkdkj" gks izkIr djus dk vf/kdkj" gksxk$
2ii3 ;kLk kErk& oS%sf'kd lsok esa izfrfu;qDr de&'kj" dks ;kLk
kErk k" oS%sf'kd fu;kstd rFkk iSr;d fokkx %ksuksa esa ls tks
,kkdkj" gks izkIr dj ldsxk$
2iii3 'kgj" Dkfri<fr& kErk & 'kgj" Dkfri<fr& kErk k" ,sls
de&'kj" dks iSr;d fokkx vFok oS%sf'kd fu;kstd %ksuksa esa ls tks
,kk%k;d gks izkIr dj ldsxk$
2iv3 f'fdElk lqfo/kk & f'fdElk lqfo/kk k" mDrkuqlkj %ksuksa esa
ls tks ,kkdkj" gks izkIr djus dk vf/kdkj" gksxk$
2v3 ifj;kstuk kErk & oS%sf'kd lsok esa izfrfu;qfDr de&'kj" dks
izfrfu;qDr kErs ds vfrfjDr ifj;kstuk kErs dk k" vf/kdkj" gksxk
2vxj izkko" gks3 ftlesa jsfx(rku kErk k" lf0ef,r gS$
7*2i3 lkek"; %ksZ & ,slk de&'kj" izfrfu;qfDr ij vkus rFkk ,sl"
vof/k lekIr gksus ij okXl vius iSr;d fokkx esa tkus ds le; dk ;kLk
kErk rFkk dk;&xzg7k dk, dk osru izkIr djus dk vf/kdkj" gksxk tks
fd oS%sf'kd fu;kstd Bkjk ogu fd;k tkosxk$
ii vodk%k ,oa isa%ku va%k$ku & izfrfu;qfDr dk, esa vodk'k ,oa
ml vof/k dk vodk'k ,oa isa'ku va'k%ku m/kkj ,sus ok,s izkf/kdkj"
dks 'qdkuk gksxk$ oS%sf'kd fu;kstd dks jkt(Fkku lsok fu;e esa f%;s
x;s izko/kkuksa ds vuqlkj isa'ku vaa'k%ku jktdks!k esa tek djokuk
gksxk$ tks foEr fokkx ds vk%s'k f%ukad /->?->-A=- rFkk le;&le; ij
la'kksf/kr fu;eksa ds vuqlkj gksxk$
iii i-ffu;qf: dk vkjKHk ,oa v" & de&'kj" Bkjk ljdkj esa
vius i% ls dk;&kkj eqDr gksus ls izfrfu;qfDr dk izkj0k ekuk tkosxk
rFkk oS%sf'kd lsok esa ,ksSFus ds 4k% iqu\ vius e<, i% dk
dk;&kkj xzg7k djus ij izfrfu;qfDr d" vof/k lekIr eku" tkosx"
vFkk&rM oS%sf'kd lsok esa tkrs le; rFkk ,kSFrs le; %ksuksa le; dk
dk;&xzg7k izfrfu;qfDr d" vof/k esa g" lf0ef,r gksxk$
iv 0ksul ;k vuqx-; jkf%k dk Hkqxku& izfrfu;qDr ljdkj"
de&'kj" dks izfrfu;qfDr kErk rFkk r%Fk& 4ksul 2vxj jkT; ljdkj ds
vk%s'kkuqlkj %s; gS3 ;k 4ksul rFkk vuqxzg jkf'k 2vxj fo%s'k"
fu;kstd ds fu;ekuqlkj %s; gS3 esa ls fdl" ,d dks 'quus dk vf/kdkj
gksxk$ izfrfu;qfDr kErs dk kqxrku izfrekg osru ds lkFk fd;k tkrk
gS ij)rq vxj de&'kj" Bkjk 4ksul:vuqxzg jkf'k 2oS%sf'kd fu;kstd B
kjk %s;3 ds kqxrku dk fodWi 24ksul Vkksf!kr gksus ds ,d ekg
esa3 f%;k tkrk gS rks v)rj d" jkf'k dk kqxrku vFkok ol<," d"
tkosx"$ vxj fdl" la(Fkku esa 4ksul kqxrku vf/kfu;e -A6N ds vuqlkj
de&'kj" dks 4ksul dk kqxrku fd;k tkuk vfuok;& gS rks de&'kj"
dks oS%sf'kd la(Fkku ls izkIr ,slk 4ksul jktdks!k esa tek djokuk
vfuok;& gksxk ij)rq la(Fkku Bkjk ,slk 4ksul dk kqxrku fd;k tkuk
vfuok;& ug"a gS rks de&'kj" Bkjk oS%sf'kd la(Fkku ls 4ksul jkf'k
izkIr djus dk vf/kdkj" ug"a gksxk$ m%kgj7kkFk& jkt(Fkku foPqr fuxe
f,?J jkt(Fkku ifjogu fuxe f,? rFkk jkt(Fkku foEr fuxe f,? Bkjk 4ksul
dk kqxrku fd;k tkuk dkuu<u vfuok;& ug"a gS$
7* i-ffu;qf: dh fu/kkZfj vof/k & ,d de&'kj" dks vf/kdre 'kj
o!k& rd oS%sf'kd lsok esa izfrfu;qfDr fd;k tk ldrk gS ij)rq fo'ks!k
ifjf(Fkfr;ksa esa ,oa jkT; fgr esa de&'kj" d" izfrfu;qfDr 4_9k;"
tkuk vko';d gks rks vkxs ,d o!k& rd vkSj izfrfu;qfDr 4_9kus ds f,;s
l04f)/kr iz'kklfud fokkx lDke gS ij)rq ika' o!k& ls vf/kd vkxs
izfrfu;qfDr foEr fokkx d" i<ok&uqefr ls g" 4_9k;" tk ldr" gS$
ij)rq
2d3 'kj o!k& ds vkxs 4_9k;" x;" izfrfu;qfDr vof/k ds f,;s de&'kj"
dks izfrfu;qfDr kErk %s; ug"a gksxkJ 'kj o!k& ls vf/kd vof/k ds f,;s
izfrfu;qfDr kErs d" vuqefr %sus gsrq foEr fokkx k" lDke ug"
agS$
2#k3 ika' o!k& ds 4k% k" de&'kj" d" izfrfu;qfDr 4_9k;" tkuk
vko';d gks rks izfrfu;qfDr vof/k lekIr gksus ls de ls de %ks ekg
i<o& ,sls iz(rko i<7k& vkSf'E; ds lkFk fo+k fokkx dks fktok;s
tkus gksaxs mlds vkko esa foEr fokkx Bkjk ,sls iz(rko ij dks5&
fo'kj ug"a fd;k tkosxk$
2x3 mi;q&Dr fu/kk&fjr vof/k esa izfrfu;qfDr d" vof/k 4_9kus gsrq
dks5& iz(rko izkIr ug"a gksrs gS rks lDke izkf/kdkj" Bkjk izfrfu;qfDr
d" vof/k lekIr gksus ls .? f%u i<o& g" ml de&'kj" ds i%(Fkkiu
vk%s'k tkj" dj %sus 'kfg;s$ l04f)/kr de&'kj" k" oS%sf'kd fu;kstd
ls izfrfu;qfDr d" vof/k lekIr gksus ds .? f%u izfrfu;qfDr vof/k lekfIr ij
iSr;d fokkx esa okXl tkus ds f,;s vuqefr izkIr djsxk rFkk r%kuqlkj
dk;&okg" djsxk$
Li"&hdj,k & izfrfu;qfDr d" vf/kdre 'kj o!k& d" vof/k ls vk'k; ,d le;
esa ,xkrkj 'kj o!k& d" izfrfu;qfDr ls gS ftlesa de&'kj" Bkjk
,xkrkj ,d ls vf/kd la(Fkkuksa esa d" x;" lsokvksa dks lf0ef,r ekuk
tkosxk$ izfrfu;qfDr vof/k esa iSr;d fokkx esa i%ks)ufr izkIr djus ds
4kot<% izfrfu;qfDr tkj" jgus ij mDr vof/k ika' o!k& d" lsok esa
'kkfe, eku" tkosx"$
viok% & kkjr ljdkj ds 5)Fs,"ts)l U;<jks ;k l"4"vk5& esa
izfrfu;qfDr ij ksts x;s iqf,l fokkx ds de&'kfj;ksa d" izfrfu;qfDr
vof/k izfrfu;qfDr kErs lfgr vf/kdre ika' o!k& gks ldsx" vkSj ftls
vkxs %ks o!k& ds f,;s vkSj 4_9k;k tk ldsxk$
8* $ks i-ffu;qf: ds 0hp dh ";6ue vof/k & de&'kj" d" %ks
izfrfu;qfDr ds 4"' de ls de ,d o!k& dk v)rj jguk vfuok;& gS vFkk&rM
oS%sf'kd lsok esa izfrfu;qfDr de&'kj" dks ,d 4kj okXl jkT; lsok esa
,kSFus ds de ls de ,d o!k& i<o& iqu\ oS%sf'kd lsok esa izfrfu;qfDr
ug"a fd;k tk ldrk ij)rq foErk fokkx d" i<ok&uqefr ls mDr vof/k ,d
o!k& ls de d" tk ldr" gS$
@* i-ffu;qf: dh vof/k esa i-ffu;qf: dh %kksZ ds vffj:
v"; jkf%k i-kS djus ds lK0"/k esa& izfrfu;qfDr ij dk;&jr de&'kj"
izfrfu;qfDr d" 'krks& ds vuqlkj g" osru o v); kErs izkIr djus dk
vf/kdkj" gksxk 5lds vfrfjDr v); dks5& jkf'k ;Fkk
ikfjZfed:'kqWd:Dkfri<<jd jkf'k: vfrfjDr osru ;k kErs foEr fokkx
d" i<ok&uqefr ls g" izkIr dj ldsxk$
1+* 5: vk$s%k fuKukafd laL#kkvksa esa 'kx6 u;ha
;ksxs)
2i3 ft,k ifj!k%:ia'k;r lfefr;ksa esa izfrfu;qfDr fd;s x;s ljdkj"
de&'kj" ij (Fkku"; fuf/k
2ii3 ljdkj Bkjk fdl" la(Fkk dk iz'kkld:dk;&dkj" vf/kdkj":uxj ifj!k%
vk;qDr ;k uxj ikf,dk uxj ifj!k% esa v); fdl" gSY;r ls fktok;s x;s
de&'kj" ij 'kgs mld" lsok ,sls uxj ifj!k% ;k uxj ikf,dk esa d" tkos
tks fd kax d" tk 'qd" gks$
2iii3 jkT; d" iat"d;r lgdkj" lfefr;ksa esa izfrfu;qfDr fd;s x;s lgdkfjrk
fokkx es ds vf/kdkfj;ksa ,oa de&'kfj;ksa ij
2iii3 de&'kj" ft)gsa fdl" ,sl" izfrfu;qfDr ij kstk tkos ftld" 'krs&
fdl" fof'k!F vk%s'k vFkok fo/ks;d ls fu;fer gksr" gS$
125* vodk%k ,oa isa%ku va%k$ku & 2d3 de&'kj" ds oS%sf'kd
lsok esa jgus d" vof/k ds f,;s isa'ku va'k%ku jkT; d" laf'r fuf/k esa
tek djok;k tkuk 'kfg;s$
2#k3 ia'k;r lfefr;ksa esa izfrfu;qfDr de&'kj" ls vodk'k osru
va'k%ku d" ol<," ug"a d" tk;sx"$
2x3 ;f% oS%sf'kd fu;kstd Bkjk va'k%ku ds kqxrku d" lgefr ug"a
%" x;" gS rks ;g va'k%ku (o; jkT; de&'kj" Bkjk tek djok;k tkosxk$
oS%sf'kd lsok ds %kSjku vodk'k ,us ij ml vof/k dk dks5& va'k%ku
ug"a f%;k tkosxk$
2Vk3 fu;e -N. 2#k3 ds v)rx&r d" x;" fo'ks!k O;o(Fkk d" f(Fkfr
esa %s'k ds 4kgj fo%s'k" lsok ds izdj7kksa esa k" vodk'k osru dk
va'k%ku vko';d gks rks ;g fo%s'k" fu;kstd Bkjk g" ogu fd;k tkosxk$
jk!L#kku ljdkj ds fu,kZ; & 2-3 isa'ku rFkk vodk'k va'k%ku %s
%sus ds 4k% oS%sf'kd izkf/kdkj" dk isa'ku rFkk vodk'k osru ds 4kjs
esa dks5& m+kj%kf;Eo ug"a jgrk$
2/3 vodk'k osru o isa'ku d" x7kuk d" or&eku izf1;k ds lj,"dj7k ds
f,;s ;g fu7k&; fd;k x;k fd lko&tfud mi1eksa fo'ofoPk,;ksaJ (ok;r
fudk;ksaJ uxjikf,dkvksaJ ljdkj" d0ifu;ksa rFkk v); ljdkj" fudk; tks
i<7k&r ;k vkaf'kd Hi ls ljdkj" fu;)L7k esa gS esa izfrfu;qfDr gksus ij
izfrfu;qDr de&'kj" ds vodk'k osru ds va'k%ku d" ol<," ug"a d"
tkos rFkk 5lds (Fkku ij izfrfu;qfDr d" vof/k esa de&'kj" Bkjk f,;s x;s
vodk'k rFkk leX&r vodk'k dk kqxrku oS%f'kd fu;kstd Bkjk dj f%;k
tkos$
2.3 izfrfu;qfDr d" vof/k D;ksafd e<, i% ij dk;&xzg7k djus ds f%u
lekIr gksr" gS vr\ dks5& de&'kj" oS%sf'kd lsok ls ,kSFrs le;
dk;&xzg7k dk, ds 4k% k" vodk'k ij jgrk gS rks ,sls vodk'k osru dk
kqxrku k" oS%sf'kd fu;kstd Bkjk g" fd;k tkosxk rFkk vxj dks5&
de&'kj" oS%sf'kd lsok esa jgrs gq, vf/kokf!k&d" vk;q ij lsokfuo;+k
gks tkrk gS rks ,sl" fuo;f+k ij fd;s tkus ok,s mikft&r vodk'k dk
kqxrku k" osS%sf'kd fu;kstd Bkjk g" fd;k tkosxk$
2@3 izfrfu;qfDr vof/k dk isa'ku va'k%ku fo+k"; o!k& ds v)r esa ;k
izfrfu;qfDr fo+k"; o!k& d" lekfIr ls i<o& g" lekIr gks tkos rks lekfIr
ij jktdks!k esa tek djok f%;k tkuk 'kfg;s tks fd vius e<, fokkx
esa /kkj7k fd;s x;s i% ds osru jfuax is&4S78 xzs8 is rFkk egaxk5&
k+ks ds ;ksx ds -? izfr'kr d" %j ls 2izfrekg3 %s; gksxk$
2N3 isa'ku va'k%ku d" x7kuk ds f,;s -N f%ol ds de dks Qks89 f%;k
tkosxk rFkk -Nf%u ls vf/kd d" lsok dks i<7k& ekg ekuk tkosxk$
263 izfrfu;qfDr ij kstus ok,s vf/kdkj" izfrfu;qfDr vk%s'kska esa
is'ku va'k%ku ds 4kjs esa (i!F Hi ls mW,s#k djsxk rkfd fo+k"; o!k&
d" lekfIr ds 4k% ,d ekg ds v)%j&v)%j rFkk izfrfu;qfDr d" vof/k
fo+k"; o!k& ds 4"' esa lekIr gksus ij ,sl" vof/k lekIr gksus ds ,d
ekg esa jktdks!k esa tek gks tkos$
2O3 ;s vk%s'k mu de&'kfj;ksa ij k" ,kx< gksaxs tks fd ds)%z
ljdkj ;k v); jkT; ljdkj ds fu;)L7k ok,s mi1eksa ;k (ok;r fudk;ksa esa
izfrfu;qfDr ij ksts x;s ij)rq ;s vk%s'k ds)%z ljdkj ;k v); jkT; ljdkj ds
fokkxksa esa izfrfu;qfDr ij ksts x;s de&'kfj;ksa ij ,kx< ug"a
gksaxs$
2=3 ds)%z ljdkj rFkk v); jkT; ljdkj ds e/; isa'ku rFkk vodk'k osru
va'k%ku ds f,;s lj,"dj7k d" %;f!F ls ;g fu7k&; fd;k x;k gS fd vodk'k
osru dk kqxrku og"a izkf/kdkj" djsxk ftlds ;gka ls de&'kj" us
vodk'k ij iz(Fkku fd;k gS rFkk isa'ku dk kqxrku ml ljdkj Bkjk fd;k
tkosxk de&'kj" ftl ls l04f)/kr gS rFkk va'k%k;" kfo!; fuf/k ds ljdkj"
va'k%ku dk kkj l04f)/kr ljdkj Bkjk ogu fd;k tkosxk 5ld" ol<,"
oS%sf'kd fu;kstd ls ug"a d" tkosx"$
125, osu ,oa Hk?kksa vkf$ dk Hkkj & jkT; ljdkj ,oa
ds)%z"; ljdkj rFkk iatk4J f4gkjJ duk&FdJ e/;iz%s'kJ vk)/kziz%s'k ,oa
dsj, ljdkjksa ,o jkt(Fkku ljdkj ds e/; de&'kfj;ksa dk ,d %<ljs jkT; esa
(Fkkuk)rj7k gksus ij vf/kdkfj;ksa ds osruJ kErsJ isa'ku vkf% ds
kkj dk fu;eu jkt(Fkku lsok fu;e kkx&/ ds ifjf'k!F xiii esa mfW,f#kr
fu%s&'k ds vuqlkj gksxk$
1250h Hkkjh; j!okGks ;k 0h 4s,kh ds jk<;ksa ds 0hp vkil
esa dh x;h lsok ds lK0"/k esa& ,d jkT; de&'kj" ftlus kkjr";
jtok8s 2tks v4 4" Zs7k" ds jkT; dk kkx 4u 'qds gS3 esa lsok d"
Fk" mud" lsok (Fkk;" Hi ls ds)%z ljdkj ds v/k"u ,sus ij mld" lsok;sa
ds)%z ljdkj ds fu;eksa ds vuqlkj isa'ku ;ksX; gksx" rFkk 5l" izdkj
ds)%z ljdkj ds fdl" de&'kj" d" lsok;s 5l izdkj 4" Zs7k" ds jkT; esa
vf)re Hi ls ,s ," x;" gS vkSj og"a ls lsokfuo;+k gksrk gS rks
l04f)/kr jkT; ljdkj ds lsok fu;e g" izkko" gksaxs$ 2jkt(Fkku lsok
fu;e kkx&/ ds ifjf'k!F XIII3
-@6> isa'ku ,oa vodk'k osru d" %j & isa'ku ,oa vodk'k osru ds
va'k%ku d" %jsa jkT; ljdkj Bkjk fu/kk&fjr d" tkosx" tks le;&le; ij
la'kks/ku ;ksX; gksx" 2or&eku esa ;g %j -? izfr'kr izfrekg gS3 rFkk
oS%sf'kd fu;kstd 5l" %j ls isa'ku va'k%ku jkT;dks!k esa tek
djok;sxk$
vads.k,k fu$sZ%k & 2-3 ,d ,slk de&'kj" Bkjk oS%sf'kd lsok ls
,kSFrs ls i<o& fu;e -/O2#k3 ds vuqlkj f,;s x;s vodk'k ,oa
dk;&xzg7k dk, ds f,;s vodk'k osru va'k%ku d" x7kukJ vodk'k ij
iz(Fkku djus ds rqj)r i<o& vkgfjr fd;s tk jgs osru ds vuqlkj g" d"
tkosx"$
2/3 ds)%z ;k v); jkT; ljdkjksa Bkjk jkt(Fkku ljdkj esa izfrfu;qDr
de&'kj" ij l04f)/kr ljdkj ds vodk'k fu;e g" ,kx< gksaxs$ jkT; ljdkj
ds v/k"u v(Fkk;" Hi ls (Fkkuk)rfjr de&'kfj;ksa dks vodk'k (o"d;r
,oa vodk'k osru ds f,;s egk,s#kkdkj jkt(Fkku t;iqj Bkjk fu0ukafdr
f%'kk&fu%s&'k tkj" fd;s x;s gSa$
2i3 ,sls de&'kj" Bkjk jkT; ljdkj ds v/k"u v(Fkk;" lsok d" vof/k ds
%kSjku vodk'k ds f,;s vkos%u djus ij jkT; ljdkj ds lDke izkf/kdkj" Bkjk
vodk'k (o"d;r fd;k tkosxk$ jktifLr vf/kdkfj;ksa dks egk,s#kkdkj B
kjk vodk'kksa d" %s;rk ds lE;kiu ds i''krM g" vodk'k (o"d;r fd;k
tkosxk$ 5lds f,;s og fu/kk&fjr vkos%u iL vodk'k (o"d;fr izkf/kdkj"
ds ek/;e ls egk,s#kkdkj dks fktok;sxk tks 4dk;k vodk'kksa ds 4kjs
esa izek7k iL vafdr dj mld" ,d izfr l"/ks l04f)/kr vf/kdkj" dks rFkk
%<lj" izfr l04f)/kr dk;k&,; dks v); mi,U/k fooj7k ds lkFk kstsxk$
vadsDk7k vf/kdkj" ml de&'kj" dks %s; vodk'k osru d" x7kuk djsxk
rFkk l04f)Vkr vf/kdkj" dks vodk'k osru izek7k iL tkj" djsxk$
2ii3 jkT; ljdkj esa mldks (o"d;r vodk'k ds l04)/k esa vodk'k osru
dk kqxrku jktifLr vf/kdkj" dks dks!kk,; Bkjk rFkk vjktifLr de&'kj"
dks l04f)/kr dk;k&,;k/;Dk Bkjk fd;k tkosxk$
2i3 de&'kj" Bkjk lsokfuo;fEr i<o& vodk'k ds f,;s vkos%u djus ij ;f%
lsok fu;e =A ;k 5lds ledDk ds)%z ;k v); jkT; ljdkj ds fu;eksa ds
v/k"u tufgr esa mDr vodk'k v(o"d;r fd;k tkuk iz(rkfor gks rks
l04f)/kr ds)%z ;k jkT; ljdkj ls vko';d Hi ls fo'kj dj f,;k tkuk 'kfg;s$
;f% ds)%z ljdkj ;k v); jkT; ljdkj vxj ,slk vodk'k v(o"d;r djus ls euk
djsa rks jkT; ljdkj dks vkosf%r lsok fuo;fEr i<o& vodk'k (o"d;r djds
de&'kj" dks ml" i% ij jkt(Fkku lsok fu;e ds izklkafxd izko/kkuksa ds
vuqlkj iqu\ fu;qDr dj f,;k tkuk 'kfg;s$
ij"q (l i-f];k ds lj' djus ds 5^s%; ls v0 ;; fu,kZ; fd;k x;k
;> fd o>$sf%kd fu;ks!d 5uds v/khu i-ffu;qf: fd;s x;s
deZpkfj;ksa dk vodk%k 'sAkk Lo;a la/kkfj djsaxs #kk
o>s$sf%kd fu;ks!d ;h i-ffu;q: deZpkjh ds 0dk;k ,oa $s;
vodk%k ds vuqlkj ;h deZpkjh ds vkos$u ij vodk%k LohdJ
djsxs #kk deZpkjh ds i>Jd foHkkx dks (l 0kjs esa l6fp
djsaxs) vodk%k vof/k ds vodk%k osu dk Hkqxku jk!L#kku
lsok fu;e @7 ds i-ko/kkuksa ds vuqlkj o>$sf%kd fu;ks!d dks
;h djuk ;ksxk)
127* va%k$ku dh x,kuk& fu;e -@6 ds vuqlkj fu/kk&fjr isa'ku
va'k%ku d" %j jkT; de&'kj" ds f,;s isa'ku 2ml vof/k ds f,;s3 izkIr
djus ds mCs'; ls ,sl" %jsa gksx" tks og oS%sf'kd lsok esa izfrfu;qDr
ug"a gksus ij jkT; ljdkj ls izkIr djrk$
128* va%k$ku dks RksGXuk v#kok R6& $suk & jkT; ljdkj
oS%sf'kd lsok esa (Fkkuk)rj7k ds le; ds&
2d3 fdl" fof'k!F eke,s esa 4dk;k va'k%ku dks Qks89 ldr" gS$
2#k3 4dk;k vof/k va'k%ku ijJ ;f% dks5& gksJ U;kt d" %j fu/kk&fjr
djus ij fu;e 4uk ldr" gS$
12@* va%k$ku dh 0dk;k jkf%k ij 3;k! & izfrfu;qfDr vof/k dk %s;
vodk'k vFkok isa'ku va'k%ku okf!k&d vk/kkj ij izE;sd foEr"; o!k& d"
lekfIr vFkok izfrfu;qfDr foEr"; o!k& ds 4"' esa lekfIr d" f(Fkfr
esa ,d ekg ds k"rj kqxrku d" tku" 'kfg;s ;f% mDr vof/k esa
va'k%ku kqxrku ug"a fd;k x;k rks 4dk;k va'k%ku d" jkf'k dk -
izfr'kr izfrekg d" %j ls U;kt dk kqxrku djuk gksxk$ ekg d" x7kuk
gsrq -N ls de f%ol dks Qks89 f%;k tkosxk rFkk -N ;k vf/kd f%ol
dks ,d ekg ekuk tkosxk$ fu%s'kd isa'ku fokkx 5l 4kr dk lE;kiu
djsaxs fd va'k%ku dk lg" %j ls kqxrku fd;k x;k gS vFkok ug"a$ vxj
va'k%ku vFkok ml ij U;kt fu;ekuqlkj de tek djok;k x;k gS rks fu%s'kd
isa'ku fokkx oS%sf'kd fu;kstd dks lg" jkf'k d" x7kuk dj l<f'r djsaxs
rFkk 4dk;k le(r jkf'k ,d ekg esa tek djok;s tkus ij ml ekg dk U;kt
ug"a f,;k tkosxk$ va'k%ku d" x7kuk jkt(Fkku lsok fu;e kkx %ks ds
ifjf'k!F&N ds vuqlkj d" tkosx"$
2-3 vodk'k osru va'k%ku l04f)/kr fokkx ds ml 4tF e% ds vk;
'k"!k&d esa tek djok;" tk;sx" ftl iSr;d fokkx Bkjk ml de&'kj" dk
osru kqxrku fd;k tkrk gS t4 fokkx dk eq#; 'k"!k& ug"a gks rks ;g
jkf'k fofo/k e% 2 (II3 esa tek djok;" tkosx"$
2/3 isa'ku:va'k%k;" kfo!; fuf/k va'k%ku 2X(FII3 isa'ku ds f,;s
va'k%ku ,oa lsokfuo;fEr ,kk va'k%ku rFkk isa'ku:va'k%k;" kfo!;
fuf/k ds f,;s xzsS;qF":isa'ku ds f,;s ol<f,;k 'k"!k& easa tek djok;"
tkosx"$
oS%sf'kd fu;kstd Bkjk (o;a x7kuk dj fuf''r d" x;" %j v(Fkk;"
eku" tkr" gS rFkk egk,s#kkdkj jkt(Fkku Bkjk vf)re %j fuf''r fd;s
tkus ij i<o& izkko ls jkf'k dk lek;kstu fd;k tk ldsxk$ oS%sf'kd
fu;kstd Bkjk (o;a x7kuk dj fuf''r d" x;" %jksa ij fu/kk&fjr vof/k esa
va'k%ku tek ug"a djokus ij 4dk;k jkf'k ij %78u"; U;kt ol<, fd;k
tkosxk$
15+* va%k$ku deZpkjh Zkjk jksdk u;ha !k ldk & oS%sf'kd lsok
esa izfrfu;qfDr de&'kj" dks isa'ku vof/k dk va'k%ku jksdus ,oa ml
vof/k dks isa'ku ;ksX; ug"a ekus tkus gsrq 'quko djus dk dks5&
fodWi ug"a gksrk$ va'k%ku ds kqxrku ls og izkko" lsok fu;eksa
ds vuqlkj isa'ku o vodk'k osru tSl" k" f(Fkfr gks izkIr djus dk
vf/kdkj" gksrk gS$ oS%sf'kd fu;kstd vFkok de&'kj" Bkjk kqxrku
fd;s x;s va'k%ku ds fdl" kkx ds izfr%k; ds l04)/k esa fd;k x;k
dks5& %kok (o"dkj ;ksX; ug"a gksrk$
151* o>$sf%kd fu;ks!d ls isa%ku ;k x-sF;q&h Lohdkj djus dh
LohdJf vko%;d & ,d jkT; de&'kj" ftldk oS%sf'kd lsok esa
(Fkkuk)rj7k fd;k x;k gS og jkT; ljdkj d" vuqefr ds f4uk oS%sf'kd lsok
esa f4rk;" x;" vof/k ds f,;s oS%sf'kd fu;kstd ls fdl" izdkj d" isa'ku
vFkok xzsS;qF" (o"dkj ug"a dj ldrk$
151* o>s$>f%kd lsok ls jk<; deZpkfj;ksa dks vodk%k &
oS%sf'kd lsok esa izfrfu;qDr de&'kfj;ksa dks ml ij izkko" lsok
fu;eksa ds vuqlkj tks vodk'k %s; gksrk gS mlds vfrfjDr mls fdl" izdkj
dk vodk'k (o"d;r ug"a fd;k tkosxk$
151*d Hkkj ds 0k;j o>$sf%kd lsok esa vodk%k dh LohdJf
ds lK0"/k esa fo%ks"k i-ko/kku & kkjr ds 4kgj fo%s'k lsok esa
fu;qDr de&'kj" dks fo%s'k" fu;kstd Bkjk fu/kk&fjr 'krks& ij vodk'k
(o"d;r fd;k tk ldrk gS$ izfrfu;qfDr djus ok,k lDke izkf/kdkj"
oS%sf'kd fu;kstd d" l,kg ls vodk'k (o"d;fr ls l04f)/kr 'krks& dk
fu/kk&j7k dj ldrk gS$ (o"d;r vodk'k ds vodk'k osru dk kqxrku
fo%s'k" fu;kstd Bkjk fd;k tkosxk rFkk og vodk'k vf/kdkj" ds vodk'k
,s#kksa ls de ug"a fd;k tkosxk$s
2#k3 fo'ks!k ifjf(Fkfr;ksa esa kkjr ds 4kgj oS%sf'kd lsok esa
(Fkkuk)rj7k djus ok,k lDke vf/kdkj" fo%s'k" fu;kstd ds lkFk ijke'k&
dj ,sl" O;o(Fkk dj ldrk gS ftlls fdl" de&'kj" dks ml ij ,kx< gksus
ok,s vodk'k fu;eksa ds vuqHi vodk'k (o"d;r fd;k tk lds rFkk 5lds
f,;s oS%sf'kd fu;kstd dks fu;e -@6 ds vuqlkj fu/kk&fjr %jksa ij vodk'k
va'k%ku jkT; d" laf'r fuf/k esa tek djokuk gksxk$
152X* jk!dh; lsok esa L#kkuki"u i$ks"uf ij o>$sf%kd lsok
esa deZpkjh ds osu dk fu;eu& oS%sf'kd lsok esa izfrfu;qDr
vf/kdkj" ;f% jkT; lsok esa fdl" i% ij (Fkkuki)u 2dk;&okgd3 Hi ls
i%ks)ur dj f%;k tkrk gS rks og viuk osru ml" i% ds vuqlkj izkIr djsxk
ftl ij i%kf/kdkj j#krk gS ;k i%kf/kdkj j#krk 2;f% mls fu,f04r ug"a dj
f%;k tkrk3
155* o>$sf%kd lsok ls 'k>&us dh f$ukd & ,d ljdkj" de&'kj" ds
oS%sf'kd lsok ls ,kSFus d" og f%uakd eku" tkr" gS ftl f%u og jkT;
lsok esa vius e<, i% dk dk;&kkj xzg7k djrk gS ij)rq ,d de&'kj"
oS%sf'kd lsok ls okil" ij vius e<, i% ij f4uk dk;&xzg7k fd;s g"
lsokfuo;Er gks tkrk gS rks mlds oS%sf'kd lsok ls ,kSFus d" f%ukad
og eku" tkosx" tks fd jkT; ljdkj fu/kk&fjr djsa$
157* o>$sf%kd fu;ks:k Zkjk osu ,oa va%k$ku 0"$ djus dh
f$ukad & de&'kj" Bkjk oS%sf'kd lsok ls ,kSFus ij oS%sf'kd fu;kstd
Bkjk mldks osru %suk 4)% dj f%;k tkosxk rFkk mldk va'k%ku k"
oS%sf'kd lsok ls ,kSFus d" f%ukad rd dk tek djok;k tkosxk$
157* t4 ,d fu;fer la(Fkkiu esaa vfrfjDr o;fR d" tku" gks rFkk mld"
,kxr ml O;fDr ls d" tku" gks ftlds f,;s ,sl" o;fR d" x;" gS rks ,sl"
f(Fkfr esa va'k%ku rFkk ol<," fu0u izdkj ls d" tkosx" &
2d3 ol<," jkf'k lsok ;k lsok ds fdl" kkx ds f,;s (o"d;r d" x;" O;;
jkf'k ds 4jk4j gksx" rFkk mls fdl" fo'ks!k ekg ds ok(rfod O;; ds
vk/kkj ij ijofr&r ug"a fd;k tkkosxk$
2#k3 lsok ds O;; esa fu;e -@6 ds vuqlkj va'k%ku d" jkf'k k"
'kkfe, d" tkosx" ftld" x7kuk la(Fkkiu ox& dks (o"d;r osru ds vk/kkj
ij d" tkosx"$
2x3 ljdkj ol<f,;ksa d" jkf'k dks de dj ldr" gsS vFkok l0i<7k&
Qks89 ldr" gS$
v/;k; 12 L#kkuh; fuf/k;ksa ds v/khu lsok;s fu;e
158
L#kkuh; fuf/k ls vk%k;& (Fkku"; fuf/k ls rkEi;& ljdkj Bkjk
fu;f)Lr ,sl" fuf/k ls gS tks izE;Dkr (ok;+k'kkl" fudk;ksa Bkjk 'kkYr
gksr" gS ij)rq vizE;Dk Hi ls fdl" fof/k ;k dku<u dk izkko j#kus ok,s
fu;eksa Bkjk jktd"; fu;)L7k esa vkr" gS tSls fd mudk 4tF (o"dkj
djukJ fokkx esa vko';drkuqlkj i%ksa dk l;tu djukJ mud" fu;qfDr
vodk'kJ lsokfuo;f+k ,oa ml ij %s; vko';d ifj,kkksa gsrq vko';d fu;e
4ukuk vkf%$
ljdkj Bkjk xfKr (Fkku"; fuf/k ls osru izkIr djus ok,s de&'kj"
ft)gsa laf'r fuf/k ls kqxrku ug"a gksus ds dkj7k ;PX ljdkj"de&'kj"
ug"a ekuk tkrk fGj k" v); ljdkj" de&'kfj;ksa d" rjg mu ij k"
jkt(Fkku lsok fu;e ds v/;k; - ls -/ rd izkko" gS$
jk!L#kku ljdkj dk fu,kZ; laA;k & jkT; ljdkj Bkjk fofk)u jkT;
de&'kfj;ksa d" lsok;sa le;&le; ij fofk)u fo'ofoPk,;ksa:4ks8& vkf%
dks (Fkkuk)rfjr d" x;" Fk" rFkk jkT; ljdkj ls mu Bkjk d" x;"
lsokvksa ds f,;s (Fkku"; fudk; esa %s; isa'ku o vodk'k ,kk vkf% ls
l04f)/kr fof'k!F vk%s'k tkj" dj f%;s x;s FksJ ogka ,dHirk dk vkko ik;k
x;k rFkk dqQ izdj7k esa mDr izdkj ls (Fkkuk)rj7k rks dj f%;k x;k ij)rq
muds vodk'k:isa'ku vkf% ,kkksa ds 4kjs esa dks5& vk%s'k tkj"
ug"a fd;s x;s 5l izdkj ls le(r izdj7kksa dk fu(rkj7k fu0ukuqlkj fd;k
tkosxk$
L#kkuh; fuf/k ds v/khu lsok ;sq deZpkjh dks L#kk;h Ui ls
L#kkuk"fj djuk
1 ,sls deZpkjh !ks 25 o"kZ dh lsok i6,kZ dj pqds ;ks &
os (Fkk;" de&'kj" tks (Fkkuk)rj7k ds f%u );<ure /N o!k& d" lsok
jkt(Fkku ljdkj ds v/k"u i<7k& dj 'qds gS dks mud" 5SQk ds f4uk
(Fkku";:fuxe esa (Fkk;" Hi ls (Fkkuk)rfjr ug"a fd;s tkosxs ij)rq
de&'kj" d" 5SQk ij t4 de&'kj" dk ,slk (Fkkuk)rj7k fd;k tk 'qdk
gS ;k fd;k tk jgk gS rks vfuok;& lsokfuo;f+k d" f%ukaad rd og
de&'kj" izfrfu;qfDr ij le^k tkosxk 2ij)rq ,sls de&'kj" dks fdl"
fof'k!F vk%s'k ds Bkjk (o"d;r ,kk ds vfrfjDr izfrfu;qfDr ;k v); fdl"
izdkj dk kErk %s; ug"a gksxk3 ,oa vodk'k ,oa is'ku vkf% ds f,;s
%s; va'k%ku uo"u i% ds fu;kstd Bkjk ogu fd;k tkosxk$ lsokfuo;f+k
gksus ij m)gsa isa'ku la4a/k":kfo!; fuf/k l04)/k" ifj,kk
jkt(Fkku lsok fu;e ;k tks/kiqj va'k%k;" kfo!; fuf/k ds v/k"u tSl" k"
f(Fkfr gksJ izkIr gksaxs$ ,sls de&'kfj;ksa ds Bkjk (ok;r'kkl"
fudk;ksa d" lsok esa (Fkk;" Hi ls (Fkkuk)rj7k ds f,;s f%;s x;s fodWi
ds vuqlkj lsok dk (Fkkuk)rj7k fu0u izdkj ls fu;fer gksxk&
2 ,sls deZpkjh f!udh lsok;sa 25 o"kZ ls de ;ks&
(Fkkuk)rj7k ds f%u /N o!k& ls de lsok ok,s (Fkk;" de&'kfj;ksa d"
lsok;sa muds Bkjk iz(rqr fd;s x;s fodWi dks (o"dkj dj fu0ukafdr
,kkksa lfgr (ok;r 'kkYr la(Fkkvksa ;k fuxe dks g(rk)rfjr d"
tkosx"$
d L#kkuh; fudk; esa osu ,oa osueku & de&'kj" dks mlds
(Fkkuk)rj7k ls i<o& ok,s f%u jkT; ljdkj esa izkIr gks jgs osru fe,rs
jgsaxs ij)rq (Fkku"; fudk; 'kgs rks 5lls mS' osru vFkok osrueku
de&'kj" dks %s ldr" gS$
Ak vodk%k& de&'kj" dks (Fkk;" (Fkkuk)rj7k ftl f%u (Fkku";
fuf/k ds v/k"u fd;k x;k gS ml f%u mlds vodk'k #kkrs esa 4dk;k
mikft&r vodk'k dk mikksx de&'kj" Bkjk (Fkku"; fuf/k d" lsok ds
%kSjku fd;k tk ldrk gS ,oa ljdkj dks 5l gsrq v,x ls vodk'k osru dk
kqxrku ug" djuk gksxk$ ij)rq (Fkkuk)rj7k ds le; de&'kj" ds
vodk'k ,s#kksa esa tks vodk'k tek gS og u;s fu;kstd ds fu;ekuqlkj
%s; vodk'k ls vf/kd gS rks ,sls vf/kd vodk'k de&'kj" ds #kkrs esa tek
j#kus vFkok mlds mikksx ds f,;s ljdkj Bkjk vodk'k osru dk kqxrku
fudk;:fuxe dks (Fkkuk)rj7k ds f%u izkko" fu;eksa ds vuqlkj djuk
gksxk$
x isa%ku ,oa Hkfo"; fuf/k 'kHk & ,d jkT; de&'kj" tks fd
(Fkku"; fuf/k ds lsokvksa ds v/k"u (Fkkuk)rfjr fd;k x;k gS isa'ku
vkf% ds 4kjs esa fu0u esa ls dks5& fodWi %s ldrk gS$
2i3 ljdkj ds v/k"u d" x;" lsok ds f,;s vkuqikfrd Hi ls isa'ku rFkk
xzsS;qF" vFkok
2ii3 mi;q&Dr vof/k ds f,;s jkT; ljdkj ls le;&le; ij vkgfjr osru dk =
izfr'kr rFkk ml ij le;&le; ij ,kx< U;kt d" %j ls lk/kkj7k U;kt izkIr dj
(Fkku"; fudk; Bkjk la'kf,r d" tk jg" va'k%k;" izko/kk;" fuf/k esa tek
djok %sa$
uks& & /N o!k& ls vf/kd lsok ok,s (Fkk;" de&'kfj;ksa dks k"
(Fkku"; fudk; d" lsok esa (Fkk;" Hi ls (Fkkuk)rj7k ij mDrkuqlkj g"
,kk %s; gksaxs$
1 vL#kk;h deZpkjh& v(Fkk;" de&'kfj;ksa d" lsok;sa (Fkku";
fudk; esa (Fkkuk)rfjr fd;s tkus ds f%u ls lekIr eku" tkosx" rFkk
m)gsa jkt(Fkku lsok fu;e ds vuqlkj fdl" izdkj d" %s; xzsS;qF" 2vxj
dks5& gks3 dk kqxrku dj f%;k tkosxk$
ljdkjh 0dk;k dh ol6'h & jkT; de&'kj" ds (Fkku"; fudk; esa
(Fkk;" (Fkkuk)rj7k ds f%u vxj dks5& k" jktd"; ol<," ;Fkk t"i",G
e7k:jkT; 4"ek e7k vFkok v); dks5& ol<," 4dk;k gks rks mlds
kqxrku gsrq de&'kj" (o;a m+kj%k;" gksxk ftld" ol<," fu;ekuqlkj
(Fkku"; fudk; esa lsok ds %kSjku d" tkosx"$
mDr vk%s'k fu0ukafdr Zs7k" ds de&'kfj;ksa ij ,kx< ug"a gksaxs$
2-3 jkt(Fkku lsok fu;e ds v/;k; -. ds vuqlkj fuf''r le; ds f,;s
izfrfu;qfDr ij gks 2/3 os de&'kj" ft)gksaus mDr vk%s'k tkj" gksus
ls i<o& g" (Fkku"; fudk; ds v/k"u lsok djus dk fodWi f%;k gks$
2.3 ,sls fudk; esa l"/k" kr"& ds ek/;e ls fu;qDr de&'kfj;ksa ij
2@3 jkt(Fkku foPqr e78, rFkk jkt(Fkku ifjogu fuxe esa (Fkkuk)rfjr
de&'kfj;ksa ij$
uks& & isa%ku ds lK0"/k esa dh x;h 9;oL#kk;sa& 2-3 ,d
de&'kj" (Fkku"; fuf/k d" lsok esa fo,"udj7k 2$5sor53 ds ika' o!k&
i''krM g" ljdkj ds v/k"u %" x;" lsok ds f,;s izkko" lsok fu;eksa ds
vuqlkj isa'ku ifj,kkksa dks izkIr djus dk vf/kdkj" gksxk ij)rq vxj
ika' o!k& ls i<o& g" vf/kokf!k&d" vk;q izkIr dj ," gS rks
vf/kokf!k&d" izkIr djus d" frfFk dks mDr ,kk izkIr djus dk vf/kdkj"
gksxk ij)rq mls ikfjokfjd isa'ku izkIr djus dk vf/kdkj ug"a gksxk$
2/3 mDrkuqlkj izkIr gksus ok," ekYd isa'ku ds Hik)rj7k dk fodWi
k" ,sls fo,;u ds 6 ekg esa %suk gksxk$ 2.3 de&'kj" ds (Fkk;" Hi
ls fo,;u ds i''krM isa'ku fu;eksa esa fd;s x;s fdl" ifjor&u dk ,kk
de&'kj" dks %s; ug"a gksxk$ 2@3 fo,;u ds le; -? o!k& ls de d"
isa'ku ;ksX; lsok i<7k& djus ok,k de&'kj" isa'ku ifj,kkksa ds
(Fkku ij dso, vkuqikfrd xzsS;qF" g" izkIr djus dk vf/kdkj" gksxk$
Hkfo"; fuf/k ds lK0"/k esa &2-3 de&'kj" ds kfo!; fuf/k #kkrs
esa tek jkf'k 2jktd"; va'k%ku lfgr3 U;kt lfgr de&'kj" rFkk (Fkku";
fudk; d" lgefr ls (Fkku"; fudk; esa mlds u;s kfo!; fuf/k #kkrs esa
(Fkkuk)rfjr djok;k tk ldrk gS ij)rq ,sls (Fkkuk)rj7k ds i''krM ,sls
kfo!; fuf/k #kkrs ij jkT; ljdkj ds fu;e ,kx< ug"a gksdj l04f)/kr fudk;
ds fu;e g" ,kx< gksaxs$ 2/3 mDr fu;e ljdkj" de&'kj" d" lsok
(Fkk;" Hi ls ljdkj fu;faLr (Fkku"; fudk;ksa esa fo,;u ij g" ,kx<
gksaxs fdl" xSj ljdkj" la(Fkk vFkok fuxe esa fo,;u ij ug"a$ 2.3
de&'kj" dk fo,;u kkjr ljdkj ds v/k"u fdl" fuxe ;k la(Fkk esa gksus
ij mldks %s; xzsS;qF" vFkok isa'ku ,sls fo,;u ds %ks o!k& d" vof/k
i<7k& gksus ds i''krM %s; gks tkosaxs$
v/;k; 15 lsokfHk'sAk fu;e 17+&172
17+* 2-3 izE;sd de&'kj" ds f,;s mld" izFke fu;qfDr frfFk ls g" ,d
lsok iqf(rdk fu/kk&fjr iziL esa la/kkfjr d" tkosx" ij)rq fu0ukafdr
eke,ksa esa lsok iqf(rdk dk la/kkjk ug"a fd;k tkosxk&
2d3 i<7k&r;k v(Fkk;" vk/kkj ij:fuf''r vof/k ds fu;qDr de&'kj"
vFkok (Fkk;" fu;qfDr ds f,;s v;ksX; de&'kj"
2#k3 iqf,l de&'kj" tks fd eq#; Yikg" ds i% ls mij ug"a gks$
2x3 'rqFk& Zs7k" de&'kj"
2/3 lsok iqf(rdk dk la/kkj7k dk;k&,;k/;Dk ;k fokkxk/;Dk tSl" k"
f(Fkfr gksJ Bkjk fd;k tkosxk rFkkJ de&'kj" ds (Fkkuk)rj7k ij u;s
dk;k&,; esa (Fkkuk)rfjr dj %" tkosx"$
2.3 lsok iqf(rdk dk e<W; ljdkj Bkjk ogu fd;k tkosxk rFkk de&'kj"
d" lsokfuo;f+kJ E;kxiLJ lsokeqfDr ;k lsok lekfIr ij mls ug"a %"
tkosx"$
2@32d3 de&'kj" ds vkos%u ij de&'kj" dks mld" lsok iqf(rdk d"
fBr"; izfr rS;kj dj %" tkosx"$
2#k3 mDr fBr"; izfr dk e<W; ,d Hi;k de&'kj" ls ol<, fd;k tkosxk$
2x3 e<, lsok iqf(rkd esa d" x;" le(r izfof!F;ksa dks 8qI,"dsF
lsok iqf(rdk esa vafdrdj dk;k&,;k/;Dk:fokkxk/;Dk Bkjk izekf7kr
fd;k tkosxk rFkk mls le;&le; ij vPru fd;k tkosxk$
2Vk3 fokkx esa j#k" x;" e<, lsok iqf(rdk g" vf/kd;r eku" tkosx"
ij)rq e<, lsokiqf(rdk ds vkko esa osru f(Fkj"dj7k ;k isa'ku izdj7k
ds fu(rkj7k ds f,;s 8qI,"dsF lfo&l 4qd d" lgk;rk ," tk ldsx" ij)rq 5l
gsrq de&'kj" ls ,d o'uiL f,;k tkosxk fd 5l izdkj 8qI,"dsF lfo&l4qd
ds vk/kkj ij fd;s x;s osru f(Fkj"dj7k vFkok isa'ku fu7k&;u ds
ifj7kke(oHi kfo!; esa dks5& vf/kkqxrku ik;k tkrk gS rks de&'kj"
mls ,kSFkus ds f,;s lger gS$
-6->2i3 lsok iqf(rdk esa de&'kj" ds jktd"; t"ou d" izE;sd VkFuk
dk mW,s#k 5l lsok iqf(rdk esa fd;k tkosxk rFkk mls dk;k&,;k/;Dk B
kjk lE;kXr fd;k tkosxk vkSj (o;a dk;k&,;k/;Dk gksus d" f(Fkfr esa
5ldk lE;kiu mS'kf/kdkj" Bkjk fd;k tkosxk$ lsok iqf(rdk esa izE;sd
izfof!F (oSQJ iKu"; gksu" 'kfg;s 5lesa fdl" izdkj d" dfFax ;k
mifj,s#ku ug"a gksuk 'kfg;sJ vxj dks5& izfof!F lgou ls x,r gks rks
mlesa mifj,s#ku d" 4tk; mlds (Fkku ij u;" izfof!F dj mls izekf7kr fd;k
tkuk 'kfg;s$
2ii3 lsok ls fu,04uJ lsok kax ;k lsok esa vojks/k dk i<7k& fooj7k
lsokiqf(rdk esa %t& fd;k tkdj lDkd vf/kdkj" Bkjk mls izekf7kr fd;k
tkuk 'kfg;s$ de&'kj" ds fu,04u ls 4gk," gksus ij 4gk," vk%s'kksa
dk i<7k& fooj7k lsokiqf(rdk esa vafdr djuk 'kfg;s rFkk lkFk g" ;g
k" vafdr fd;k tkuk 'kfg;s fd fu,04u vof/k dk le; osru o;fRJ vodk'kJ
isa'ku vkf% ds f,;s ek); gksxk vFkok ug"a$ fdl" de&'kj" dks fdl"
fu0u i% vFkok fu0u osrueku esa i%kuor fd;s tkus d" f(Fkfr esa
i%kuour dk lafDkIr dkj7k k" lsokiqf(rdk esa vafdr fd;k tkuk 'kfg;s$
%78 (oHi osruo;fR vkf% jksd" x;" gS rks mldk mW,s#k k" lsok
iqf(rdk esa fd;k tkosxk$
2iii3 2d3 lsok iqf(rdk esa ;k lsok iqf(rdk foojf7kdk esa de&'kj"
d" t)efrfFk vadks o 'kU%ksa %ksuksa esa g" vafdr d" tku" 'kfg;s
2#k3 fdl" i% ;k laox& esa (Fkk;"dj7k ds vk%s'kksa dks la%k& o
f%ukad lfgr lsok iqf(rdk esa vafdr fd;k tkuk vko';d gS 2x3 lsok esa
izos'k ds i''krM vft&r d" x;" 'kSDkf7kd ;ksX;rk dk fooj7k k" lsok
iqf(rdk esa %t& fd;k tkuk 'kfg;s$
2iv3 fokkxk/;Dk vius v/k"u(Fk dk;&jr fdl" jktifLr vf/kdkj" dks v);
de&'kfj;ksa d" lsok iqf(rdkvksa d" izfof!F;ksa ds lE;kiu ,oa mud"
vfkjDkk gsrq vf/kd;r dj ldrk gS$ deZpkfj;ksa dh lsok iqfLdk
esa vafd !"e ff#k ij ikj$%khZ &si 'xk(Z !kosa) vk$s%k
f$ukad 21*+2*2++@
2v3 2-6/3 izE;sd dk;k&,;k/;Dk o!k& esa ,d 4kj lsokiqf(rdk dk
l04f)/kr de&'kj" dks vo,ksdu djokdj l04f)/kr dk[,e esa de&'kj"
ds g(rkDkj izkIr djsxk rFkk 5l 4kjs esa izE;sd Yr04j ekg ls i<o& ,d
izek7k iL vius mS'kf/kdkj" dks izsf!kr djsxk$ de&'kj" Bkjk
lsokiqf(rdk ds vo,ksdu ds %kSjku fdl" x,r" dk irk ,xus ij de&'kj"
dk;k&,;k/;Dk dks l<f'r djsxk rFkk dk;k&,;k/;Dk rF; d" tka' dj vko';d
gksus ij visfDkr lq/kkj dj izekf7kr djsxk$
-6/>2-6.3 fdl" ljdkj" de&'kj" dk fo%s'k lsok esa (Fkkuk)rj7k
gksus ij mld" lsok iqf(rdk dk;k&,;k/;Dk ;k fokkxk/;Dk Bkjk
egk,s#kkdkj jkt(Fkku t;iqj esa vadsDk7k vf/kdkj" dks fktok;"
tkosx" og vf/kdkj" (Fkkuk)rj7k vkf% dk fooj7k vafdr dj vius g(rkDkj
djsxk$ de&'kj" dk oS%sf'kd lsok ls iqu\ jkT; ljdkj ls (Fkkuk)rj7k
gksus ij mld" lsok iqf(rdk iqu\ vdsDk7k vf/kdkj" dks fktok;"
tkosx" rFkk ;g de&'kj" Bkjk oS%sf'kd lsok esa O;r"r d" x;" vof/k d"
izfof!F;ksa dk lE;kiu djsxk mDr dk;& vadsDk7k vf/kdkj" ls u"'s ds
(rj ds vf/kdkj" Bkjk ug"a fd;k tk ldrk$
-6. 2-6/,3 ,d jkT; de&'kj" tSls g" lsok ds /N o!k& i<7k& djsa
dk;k&,;k/;Dk Bkjk isa'ku fokkx ls ijke'k& dj fu;ekuqlkj de&'kj" d"
lsok dk lE;kiu vkSj isa'ku ;ksX; vof/k dk fu/kk&j7k djsxk vkSj 5l
lsokof/k d" l<'uk de&'kj" dks %sxk$ ;g lsok lE;kiu lsokfuo;f+k ij
ml de&'kj" d" lsokdk, esa vf)re Hi ls fd;s tkus ok,s lE;kiu ds
v/;/k"u gksxk$
-6@> 2-3 ft,k iqf,l v/k"Dkd izE;sd Yikg" vkSj gS8 dk)lFs4,
2i<7k&r;k v(Fkk;" vk/kkj ij:fuf''r vof/k ds fu;qDr de&'kj" vFkok
(Fkk;" fu;qfDr ds f,;s v;ksX; de&'kj" dks Qks89dj3 lsok foojf7kdk
la/kkfjr djsxk$ ftlesa fu0u fooj7k vafdr gksxk 2d3 kr"& d" f%ukad
2#k3xkaoJ vk;qJ ma'k5& ,oa ig'ku dk f')g 2x3 i% ftu ij og
le;&le; ij jgkJ i%ks)ufrJ i%koufr rFkk v); %78 dk fooj7k 2Vk3 mld"
lsok esa vojks/k vxj dks5& gks 2893 lsok tUr dk i<7k& fooj7k vxj
dks5& gks$
2/3 mifu;e 2-3 mifu;e 2-3 esa of7k&r lsok foojf7kdk v);
izE;sd ,sls ox& ds (Fkk;":v(Fkk;": dk;&okgd de&'kfj;ksa ds f,;s
k" j#k" tkosx" ftu gsrq 5l fu;eksa ds vuqlkj lsok iqf(rdk ug"a j#k"
tkr"$
2.3 de&'kj" Bkjk ,d Hi;s ds kqxrku ij lsok iqf(rdk d" 8qI,"dsF
izfr izkIr d" tk ldr" gS ftldk la/kkj7k rFkk mi;ksx fu;e -6?2@3 ds
vuqlkj fd;k tkosxk$
cccccccc
jk!L#kku [fo' lsok dk;Zx-;,k dk' fu;e 1@81
fo+k fokkx ds vk%s'k f%ukad -O>?.>-A=- Bkjk jkt(Fkku lsok
fu;e dk v/;k; -/ 2fu;e -/O&-@?3 fo,ksXr dj jkt(Fkku Yfo, lsok
2dk;&xzg7k dk,3 fu;e -A=- 4uk;s x;s tks 5l izdkj gS &
fu;e 1 1 d0 ls i-Hkkoh ;> & ;s fu;e f$ukad +1*+2*1@81 ls
izkko" gS$
2 fdu ij i-Hkkoh ;> & ;s fu;e fu0ukafdr Zs7k" ds de&'kfj;ksa
dks Qks89dj jkt(Fkku ljdkj ds lk" vf/kdkfj;ksa:de&'kfj;ksa ij
,kx< gS &
2k3 od&'kt&8 de&'kj" tSls i",'5&8"J i"8UW;<8"J ugj" fokkx
esa fu/kk&fjr dke djus ok,s$
2kk3 vkdf(ed O;; e% ls kqxrku izkIr djus ok,s de&'kj"$
2kkk3 vuq4)/k ds vk/kkj ij fu;qDr fd;s x;s de&'kfj;ksa rFkk
va'kdk,"u de&'kfj;ksa ij $
fu;e 2 ifjHkk"kk,sa & t4 rd fdl" izlax esa v);Fkk izko/kku ug"a
fd;k x;k gks fu0ukafdr 'kU%ksa dk vFk& fu0u izdkj ekuk tkosxk$
1 ljdkjh foHkkx & ljdkj" fokkx ls vk'k; jkT; ljdkj ds l04f)/kr
iz'kklfud fokkx ls gS$
2 foHkkxk/;.k & fokkxk/;Dk ls vk'k; lkek); fo+k"; ,d ,s#kk
fu;e esa Vkksf!kr fokkxk/;Dk ls gS$
1 dk;Zx-;,k dk' & dk;&xzg7k dk, ls vk'k; jkT; de&'kj" dk ,d
i% ls %<ljs i% ij (Fkkuk)rj7k d" f(Fkfr esa ig,s i% ls dk;&eqDr gksdj
%<ljs i% ij dk;&xzg7k djus gsrq f%;s tkus ok,s le; ls gS$
2 L#kkuk"j,k & (Fkkuk)rj7k ls vk'k; de&'kj" dk ,d i% ls %<ljs
i% ij (Fkkuk)rj7k ls gS 'kgs og %<ljk (Fkku ig,s ok,s (Fkku
2eq#;k,;3 ij f(Fkr gks vFkok fdl" %<ljs (Fkku ij$
fu;e 1*1 v"; ljdkj v#kok laL#kk esa !kus ,oa okHl
'k>&kus ij deZpkjh ds dk;Zx-;,k dk' dk fu;eu & vxj ,d ljdkj"
de&'kj" dk (Fkkuk)rj7k fdl" v); la(Fkku vFkok ljdkj esa gks tkos
ftlds (o;a ds dk;&xzg7k dk, ds fu;e 4us gks rks ml la(Fkku:ljdkj ds
v/k"u (Fkkuk)rj7k d" f(Fkfr esa ljdkj" de&'kj" ds ogka tkdj
dk;&xzg7k djus ,oa rFkk ogka ls okXl ,kSFkus %ksuksa d" f(Fkfr esa
ml la(Fkku:ljdkj ds dk;&xzg7k dk, fu;e g" izkko" gksaxs$ ij)rq
;f% ,sl" izfrfu;qfDr d" 'krks& esa m/kkj %ssus ok,s rFkk m/kkj ,sus
ok,s %ksuksa fokkxksa d" vkil" lgefr ls v); dks5& izko/kku dj f%;s
x;s gks rks og"a izko/kku g" ,kx< gksaxs$ v); f(Fkfr esa jkt(Fkku
Yfo, lsok 2dk;&xzg7k dk,3 fu;e -A=- g" ,kx< gksaxs$
1* 2 ds"_ ljdkj/v"; jk<; ljdkj/laL#kkvksa ls i-ffu;qf:
ij vk;s deZpkjh ds la0a/k esa & ds)%z ljdkj:v); jkT; ljdkj vFkok
v); fdl" la(Fkku dk dks5& vf/kdkj":de&'kj" vxj jkt(Fkku ljdkj esa
izfrfu;qfDr ij dk;&xzg7k djrk gS rks ml vf/kdkj":de&'kj" ij jkt(Fkku
Yfo, lsok 2dk;&xzg7k dk,3 fu;e -A=- g" izkko" gksaxs 4'krs& d"
m/kkj %sus ok,s fokkx rFkk jkt(Fkku ljdkj esa 5l la4a/k esa (i!F HIk
ls v,x ls izko/kku ug"aa fd;s x;s gks$
2* dk;Zx-;,k dk' dh $s;k & i ,d jkT; de&'kj" dk tufgr esa
(Fkkuk)rj7k gksus d" f(Fkfr esa g" mDr fu;eksa ds rgr dk;&1e dk,
%s; gksxk vFkk&rM (o;a d" izkFk&uk ij (Fkkuk)rj7k gksus ij
dk;&xzg7k dk, %s; ug"a gS 2f%ukad ?/>?=>/??N ds Ik''krM
(Fkkuk)rj7k vk%s'kksa esa jkT;fgr:iz'kklfud dkj7k vafdr gksus ij g"
(Fkkuk)rj7k ;kLk k+kk ,oa dk;&xzg7k dk, %s; gS3 ij)rq (o;a d"
izkFk&uk ls (Fkkuk)rj7k gksus d" f(Fkfr esa iqjkus i% dk dk;&kkj
lkSaius rFkk u;s ij dk;&xzg7k djus ds 4"' esa vxj jfookj vFkok v);
dks5& jktifLr vodk'k vkrk gS rks mls dk;&xzg7k dk, ekurs gq, mlds
mikksx d" vuqefr %s %" tkosx"$ 18+ f$uksa d dh vL#kk;h
L#kkuk"j,k ij Hkh dks(Z dk;Zx-;,k dk' $s; u;ha ;ksk)
,sls v(Fkk;" (Fkkuk)rj7k ij dso, lkek); %kSjs ij d" x;" ;kLk ds
vuqlkj dso, ok(rfod ;kLk le; g" %s; gksxk$
ii vf/k%ks"k >uplus =kksf"k fd;s x;s deZpkfj;ksa ij &
ljdkj Bkjk vf/k'ks!k Vkksf!kr fd;s x;s de&'kfj;ksa dks k" u;s i% ij
dk;&kkj xzg7k djus gsrq mDr fu;ekuqlkj dk;&xzg7k dk, %s; gksxk$
iii laL#kkiu esa d&k>f ds dkj,k vf/k%ks"k ;q,
deZpkfj;ksa ij & ljdkj Bkjk la(Fkkiu esa dFkSfr fd;s tkus ds dkj7k
i%eqDr gksus rFkk u;s dk;k&,; ls iqu&fu;qDr gksus ok,s
de&'kfj;ksa dks k" dk;&xzg7k dk, %s; gksxk vxj u;s i%(Fkkiu
vk%s'k iqjkus i% ls dk;&eqDr gksus ls i<o& g" de&'kj" dks izkIr gks
tkos$ ;f% i<o& i% ls dk;&eqDr djus ds i'k'krM u;s i% gsrq i%(Fkkiu
vk%s'k tkj" fd;s tkrs gS rks fokkxk/;Dk ,sls O;o/kku dks f4uk osru
dk dk;&xzg7k dk, ekudj mldks fu;fer dj ldrk gS$ 4'krs& fd ,sl"
O;o/kku d" vof/k .? f%ol ls vf/kd ug"a gks vkSj de&'kj" iqjkus i% ls
eqDr gksus ls i<o& de ls de . o!k& d" lsok i<7k& dj 'qdk gks$
iv i-f;ksxh ijh.kk ds ek/;e ls fu;q: ;q, deZpkfj;ksa ij &
fdl" izfr;ksx" ij"Dkk vFkok lkDkkEdkj ds ek/;e ls jkT; ljdkj ds v/k"u
fu;qDr gksus ok,s ds)%z"; ljdkj:fdl" v); jkT; ljdkj:jkT; ljdkj ds
(Fkk;" de&'kj" dks k" mDr fu;e ds rgr dk;&xzg7k dk, %s; gksxk
ij)rq jkT; ljdkj ds v(Fkk;" de&'kj" ftud" r"u o!k& d" lsok i<7k&
ug"a gq5& gS mu de&'kfj;ksa dks 5l fu;e ds vuqlkj dk;&xzg7k dk,
rks %s; gksxk ij)rq 5l vof/k dk osru %s; ug"a gksxk$
fu;e 5* dk;Zx-;,k dk' dh vof/k& 2-3 iqjkus i% dk dk;&kkj
e/;k)g i<o& Qks89us d" f(Fkfr esa dk;&xzg7k dk, ml" f%u izkj0k
ekuk tkosxk rFkk dk;&kkj e/;k)g i''krM Qks89us ij mlls vx,s f%u
ls izkj0k gksxk$
2/3 le(r izdj7kksa esa dk;&xzg7k dk, iqjkus eq#;k,; ls g" izkj0k
gksxk & fu0uakfdr lk" eke,ksa esa de&'kj" dk dk;&xzg7k dk,
iqjkus eq#;k,; ls g" ekuk tkosxk$ 2v3 'kgs (Fkkuk)rj7k vk%s'k
iqjkus eq#;k,; ls 4kgj izkIr gks 243 iqjkus eq#;k,; dk dk;&kkj v);
fdl" (Fkku ij g(rk)rfjr fd;k x;k gks 2l3 de&'kj" fdl" (Fkku ij %kSjs
ij gks vkSj ml" (Fkku ij mldk (Fkkuk)rj7k dj f%;k x;k gks 2%3
v(Fkk;" (Fkkuk)rj7k dks g" (Fkk;" (Fkkuk)rj7k esa ifjofr&r fd;k x;k
gks$
2.32d3 ,d g" (Fkku ij ;k ,d (Fkku ls %<ljs (Fkku ij (Fkkuk)rj7k
gksus ij vkokl ifjor&u ug"a gksus ij rFkk ,d dk;k&,; ls %<ljs dk;k&,;
d" %<j" / fde" ls vf/kd gksus ijJ jkT; de&'kj" dks u;s i% ij
dk;&xzg7k djus gsrq vf/kdre ,d f%u dk dk;&xzg7k dk, %s; gksxk$
;gka ,d (Fkku ls vk'k; ,d g" uxjikf,dk ;k uxj fuxe DksL ftlesa
miuxj:Qkofu;ka k" lf0ef,r gksx" tks dfFkr uxjikf,dk vkf% ls
fudF(Fk gks$ vFkk&r i<o& i% ds e/;k)g i<o& vFkok Ik''krM
dk;&eqDr gksus ij u;s i% ij vx,s f%u e/;k)g i<o& dk;&xzg7k djuk
gksxk$
2.32#k3 ,d g" (Fkku ij
2@3 (Fkkuk)rj7k ds eke,s esa de&'kj" dks fu0ukuqlkj dk;&xzg7k
dk, %s; gksxk$
iqjkus ,oa u;s eq#;k,; ds
4"' d" %<j"
%s;
dk;&xzg7k
dk,
t4 (Fkkuk)rj7k ij );<ure
/?? fde" d" ;kLk l89d
ekx& ls d" tkos
-??? fde"> ;k mlls de -? f%u -/ f%u
-??-&/??? fde" rd -/ f%u -N f%u
/??? fde" ls vf/kd -N f%u -N f%u
uksF & t4 ,d de&'kj" i%(Fkkiu vk%s'k d" izr"Dkk esa gks vkSj
mldk (Fkkuk)rj7k fdl" %<ljs (Fkku ij dj f%;k tkos ftlls mldk fuokl
(Fkku ifjofr&r gks jgk gS rks mls @ f%ol dk dk;&xzg7k dk, %s;
gksxk$ 25lesa ;kLk dk le; k" lf0ef,r gksxk$3 'kgs uo"u eq#;k,;
d" %<j" fdru" k" gks rFkk ;kLk dk lk/ku k" dqQ k" gks$
fFIi7k" & 2i3 %<j" ls vk'k; js, Bkjk ;kLk d" ok(rfod %<j" ls gS$
2ii3 tgka dk;&kkj ds g(rk)rj7k esa d5& k78kjksa vFkok
v,x&v,x (Fkkuksa ij ',s jgs fuek&7k dk;ks& dk g(rk)rj7k gksuk gS
rFkk ,sls g(rk)rj7k ds f,;s dk;&kkj lkSiusa ok,s rFkk dk;&kkj
xzg7k djus ok,s %ksuksa de&'kfj;ksa dk mif(Fkr jguk vko';d gS rks
5l dk;& gsrq vf/kdre O f%u vfrfjDr f%;s tkosaxs rFkk 5l izdkj f%;s x;s
le; dks fu;e N2N3 ds vuqlkj dk;&xzg7k dk, dk fo(rkj ekuk tkosxk$
2iii3 t;iqj ,oa tks/kiqj ds ft,k dks!kk,;ksa ds dk;&kkj g(rk)rj7k
gsrq vf/kdre O f%ol dk rFkk v); ft,k dks!kkxkjksa ds dk;&kkj
g(rk)rj7k gsrq vf/kdre . f%u dk le; %s; gksxk$ dks!kk,;ksa ds
dk;&kkj g(rk)rj7k esa f,;s x;s 5l le; dks fu;e N2N3 ds vuqlkj
dk;&xzg7k dk, esa fo(rkj ekuk tkosxk$
2N3 fu;e N2@3 esa %" x;" l"ek ls vf/kd dk;&xzg7k dk, esa o;fR .?
f%u rd l04f)/kr iz'kklfud fokkx rFkk .? f%u ls vf/kd dk dk;&xzg7k
dk, jkT; ljdkj Bkjk (o"d;r fd;k tkosxk$ 5l (o"d;fr gsrq ekx&%'k&d
YRkar ;g ekuk tkosxk fd ;kLk d" rS;kj" gsrq = f%uJ mf'r ;kLk le;
2izkd;frd vki%k:g89rk, vkf% v); ifjgk;& f(Fkfr;ka gksus ds dkj7k
lk/ku vuqi,U/krk vkf% dks5& gS rks mls /;ku esa j#krs gq,3 rFkk
4_9s gq, dk;&xzg7k le; Ik''krM vkus ok,s jktifLr vodk'k ;f% dks5&
gks rks tks89k tkos$
fu;e 7*1 t4 ,d jkT; de&'kj" i<7k& dk;&xzg7k dk, dk mikksx
fd;s f4uk g" u;s i% dk dk;&xzg7k djs rks fu;e N2@3 ds vuqlkj %s;
dk;&xzg7k dk, esa ls mikksx fd;s x;s dk;&dk, dks de djrs gq,
vf/kdre -N f%ol de&'kj" ds mikft&r vodk'k #kkrs esa tek dj f%;k
tkosxk$ ij)rq t4 fu;e @2@3 ds vuqlkj ,d v(Fkk;" de&'kj" dks
dk;&xzg7k dk, rks %s; gS ij)rq dk;&xzg7k dk, dk osru %s; ug"a gS
rks mlds Bkjk f4uk mikskx fd;k x;k dk;&dk, mlds mikft&r vodk'k
#kkrs esa 1sf8F ug"a fd;k tkosxk$
2/3 dk;&xzg7k dk, dks foZkedk,"u vodk'k vFkok v); fdl" fu;fer
%s; vodk'k ds lkFk mld" fuj)rjrk esa mikksx fd;k tk ldrk gS ij)rq
vkdf(ed vodk'k ds lkFk ug"a$
2.3 t4 ,d de&'kj" dks (Fkkuk)rj7k d" vof/k esa vFkk&rM iqjkus i%
ls dk;&eqDr gksus ds Ik''krM ij)rq uo"u i% ij dk;&xzg7k djus ls i<o&
fdl" v); (Fkku ij (Fkkuk)rfjr dj f%;k tkrk gS ,sl" f(Fkfr esa
dk;&xzg7k dk, d" x7kuk ,sls vk%s'k izkfIr f%ukad ds vx,s f%u ls
rFkk ,sls vk%s'k izkfIr (Fkku ls uo"u i%(Fkkiu (Fkku dks /;ku esa
j#kdj d" tkosx"$
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lsok fu;e O2=3 ds vuqlkj dr&O; ekuk x;k gS$ vr\ dk;&xzg7k dk,
ds %kSjku dk;&kkj eqDr gksus ls i<o& ok,s f%u tks osru fe,rk Fkk
ml" %j ls osru f%;k tkosxk ftlesa egaxk5& k+kkJ Dkfri<fr& k+kkJ
edku fdjk;k k+kk vkf% ls i<o& esa fe, jgk gS rks %s; gksxk ij)rq
okgu k+kk rFkk (Fkk;" ;kLk k+kk %s; ug"a gksxk$
fu;e&8D dk;Zx-;,k dk' vf/kd 'sus ij $,G & ,slk jkT; de&'kj"
tks dk;&xzg7k dk, d" lekfIr ds Ik''krM k" dk;&xzg7k ug"a djs rks
mls dk;&xzg7k dk, d" lekfIr ds Ik''krM dks5& osru %s; ug"a gksxk
rFkk fu;e N2@3 esa %s; dk;&xzg7k dk, ds Ik''krM vuqif(Fkr vof/k
dks lsokkax ekuk tkosxk t4 rd fd de&'kj" Bkjk dks5& larks!kiz%
dkj7k iz(rqr djus ij dk;&xzg7k dk, fu;e N2N3 esa %" x;"
ifjf(Fkfr;kasa ds v)rx&r lDke izkf/kdkj" Bkjk lkek); dk;&xzg7k dk,
es o;fR ug"a dj %" tkr" vFkok ml vof/k dk vlk/kkj7k vodk'k (o"d;r
fd;k tkdj ml dk, dks fu;fer ug" dj f%;k tkrk$
fu;e @D fofo/k & t4 fdl" fo'ks!k izdj7k esa 5u fu;eksa ds fdl" kkx
d" dk;&okg" fokkx d" %;f!F ls vuko';d dKksjrk mEi)u djr" izr"r
gks rks og fokkx fo+k fokkx d" vuqefr ls ,sls fu;e d" vko';drk
dks lekIr dj ldsxk vFkok mls ,sl" l"ek rd f'kfFk,rk %s ldsxk tks fd
izdj7k fo'ks!k esa );k;ksf'r ,oa vko';d gks$
fu;e 1+D la$sa; dh fL#kf esa 9;kA;k & 5u fu;eksa d" O;k#;k ds
l04)/k esa fdl" k" izdkj dk la%sg mEi)u gksus ij izdj7k fo+k
fokkx dks izsf!kr fd;k tkosxk$
fu;e 11D dk;&xzg7k dk, fu;e -A=- izkko" gksus d" f%ukad ls 5l
l04)/k eas i<o& esa tkj" fd;s x;s fu;eJ vk%s'k vkf% fuj(r dj f%;s x;s
gSa$
cccccccccc
v/;k;&17& vf/kdkjksa dk i-$Lhdj,k fu;e&175 ls
177