Ring Modulator

Where C (t) is the square wave carrier.

C (t) causes diodes to switch on and off.





As shown in the above figure when C (t) > 0,

and

are on and

and

are off.
So that,

()

() ()
()

()

When C (t) < 0,

and

are off and

and

are on.
So that,

()
()

()
()

()

Therefore the functionality of the ring modulator can be thought of as
multiplying X (t) and C (t).