Pr eambl e. - WHEREAS i t i s expedi ent t o pr ovi de a gener al Penal Code f or 2*[ I ndi a] ;
I t i s enact ed as f ol l ows: - -
1.
Ti t l e and ext ent of oper at i on of t he Code.
1. Ti t l e and ext ent of oper at i on of t he Code. - - Thi s Act shal l be cal l ed t he I ndi an Penal Code, and shal l 3*[ ext end t o t he whol e of I ndi a 4*[ except t he St at e of J ammu and Kashmi r ] ] .
2.
Puni shment of of f ences commi t t ed wi t hi n I ndi a.
2. Puni shment of of f ences commi t t ed wi t hi n I ndi a. - - Ever y per son shal l be l i abl e t o puni shment under t hi s Code and not ot her wi se f or ever y act or omi ssi on cont r ar y t o t he pr ovi si ons t her eof , of whi ch he shal l be gui l t y wi t hi n 5*[ I ndi a] 6****.
3.
Puni shment of of f ences commi t t ed beyond, but whi ch by l aw may be t r i ed wi t hi n, I ndi a.
3. Puni shment of of f ences commi t t ed beyond, but whi ch by l aw may be t r i ed wi t hi n, I ndi a. - - Any per son l i abl e, by any 7*[ I ndi an l aw] , t o be t r i ed f or an of f ence commi t t ed beyond 5*[ I ndi a] shal l be deal t wi t h accor di ng t o t he pr ovi si ons of t hi s Code f or any act commi t t ed beyond 5*[ I ndi a] i n t he same manner as i f such act had been commi t t ed wi t hi n 5*[ I ndi a] .
4.
Ext ensi on of Code t o ext r a- t er r i t or i al of f ences.
8*[ 4. Ext ensi on of Code t o ext r a- t er r i t or i al of f ences. - - The pr ovi si ons of t hi s Code appl y al so t o any of f ence commi t t ed by- -
9*[ ( 1) any ci t i zen of I ndi a i n any pl ace wi t hout and beyond I ndi a;
( 2) any per son on any shi p or ai r cr af t r egi st er ed i n I ndi a wher ever i t may be. ] - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1. The Act has been amended i n i t s appl i cat i on t o Madr as by Madr as Act 25 of 1960, U. P. by U. P. Act s 31 of 1961, 29 of 1970 and 47 of 1975, Andhr a Pr adesh by Andhr a Pr adesh Act 16 of 1968, Mahar asht r a by Mahar asht r a Act 19 of 1971, Mysor e by Mysor e Act 8 of 1972, West Bengal by West Bengal Act 42 of 1973.
The Act has been ext ended t o Goa, Daman and Di u wi t h modi f i cat i ons by Reg. 12 of 1962, s. 3 and Sch. , ext ended t o and br ought i nt o f or ce i n Dadr a and Nagar Havel i by Reg. 6 of 1963, s. 2 and Sch. I ( w. e. f . 1- 7- 1965) and t o Laccadi ve, Mi ni coy and Ami ndi vi I sl ands by Reg. 8 of 1965, s. 3 and Sch. ( w. e. f . 1- 10- 1967) .
The Act comes i nt o f or ce i n Pondi cher r y vi de Reg. 7 of 1963, s. 3 and Sch. I ( w. e. f . 1- 10- 1963) .
2. Subs. by Act 3 of 1951, s. 3 and Sch. , f or " t he whol e of I ndi a except Par t B St at es" .
3. Subs. by t he A. O. 1948, f or " t ake ef f ect * * * t hr oughout Br i t i sh I ndi a" . The wor ds and f i gur es " on and f r omt he f i r st day of May, 1861" occur r i ng bet ween t he wor ds " ef f ect " and " t hr oughout " wer e r ep. by Act 12 of 1891.
4. Subs. by Act 3 of 1951, s. 3 and Sch. , f or " except Par t B St at es" .
5. Subs. by s. 3 and Sch. , i bi d. , f or " t he St at es" .
6. The wor ds and f i gur es " on or af t er t he sai d f i r st day of May, 1861" omi t t ed by Act 12 of 1891.
7. Subs. by t he A. O. 1937, f or " l aw passed by t he Gover nor - Gener al of I ndi a i n Counci l " .
8. Subs. by Act 4 of 1898, s. 2, f or t he or i gi nal s. 4.
9. Subs. by t he A. O. 1950, f or t he or i gi nal cl s. ( 1) t o ( 4) .
102
Expl anat i on.
Expl anat i on. - - I n t hi s sect i on t he wor d " of f ence" i ncl udes ever y act commi t t ed out si de 1*[ I ndi a] whi ch, i f commi t t ed i n 1*[ I ndi a] woul d be puni shabl e under t hi s Code.
2*[ I l l ust r at i on]
3***A, 4*[ who i s 5*[ a ci t i zen of I ndi a] ] , commi t s a mur der i n Uganda. He can be t r i ed and convi ct ed of mur der i n any pl ace i n 1*[ I ndi a] i n whi ch he may be f ound.
6* * * * *
5.
Cer t ai n l aws not t o be af f ect ed by t hi s Act .
7*[ 5. Cer t ai n l aws not t o be af f ect ed by t hi s Act . - - Not hi ng i n t hi s Act shal l af f ect t he pr ovi si ons of any Act f or puni shi ng mut i ny and deser t i on of of f i cer s, sol di er s, sai l or s or ai r men i n t he ser vi ce of t he Gover nment of I ndi a or t he pr ovi si on of any speci al or l ocal l aw. ]
CHAPTER I I
GENERAL EXPLANATI ONS
CHAPTER I I
GENERAL EXPLANATI ONS
6.
Def i ni t i ons i n t he Code t o be under st ood subj ect t o except i ons.
6. Def i ni t i ons i n t he Code t o be under st ood subj ect t o except i ons. - - Thr oughout t hi s Code ever y def i ni t i on of an of f ence, ever y penal pr ovi si on and ever y i l l ust r at i on of ever y such def i ni t i on or penal pr ovi si on, shal l be under st ood subj ect t o t he except i ons cont ai ned i n t he Chapt er ent i t l ed " Gener al Except i ons" , t hough t hose except i ons ar e not r epeat ed i n such def i ni t i on, penal pr ovi si on, or i l l ust r at i on.
I l l ust r at i ons
( a) The sect i ons, i n t hi s Code, whi ch cont ai n def i ni t i ons of of f ences, do not expr ess t hat a chi l d under seven year s of age cannot commi t such of f ences; but t he def i ni t i ons ar e t o be under st ood subj ect t o t he gener al except i on whi ch pr ovi des t hat not hi ng shal l be an of f ence whi ch done by chi l d under seven year s of age.
( b) A, a pol i ce- of f i cer , wi t hout war r ant , appr ehends Z who has commi t t ed mur der . Her e A i s not gui l t y of t he of f ence of wr ongf ul conf i nement ; f or he was bound by l aw t o appr ehend Z, and t her ef or e t he case f al l s wi t hi n t he gener al except i on whi ch pr ovi des t hat " not hi ng i s an of f ence whi ch i s done by a per son who i s bound by l aw t o do i t " .
7.
Sense of expr essi on once expl ai ned.
7. Sense of expr essi on once expl ai ned. - - Ever y expr essi on whi ch i s expl ai ned i n any par t of t hi s Code, i s used i n ever y par t of t hi s Code i n conf or mi t y wi t h t he expl anat i on.
8.
Gender .
8. Gender . - - The pr onoun " he" and i t s der i vat i ves ar e used of any per son, whet her mal e or f emal e.
9.
Number .
9. Number . - - Unl ess t he cont r ar y appear s f r omt he cont ext , wor ds i mpor t i ng t he si ngul ar number i ncl ude t he pl ur al number , and wor ds i mpor t i ng t he pl ur al number i ncl ude t he si ngul ar number .
10.
" Man" . " Woman" .
10. " Man" . " Woman" . - - The wor d " man" denot es a mal e human bei ng of any age; t he wor d " woman" denot es a f emal e human bei ng of any age. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1. Subs. by Act 3 of 1951, s. 3 and Sch. , f or " t he St at es" .
2. Subs. by Act 36 of 1957, s. 3 and Sch. I I , f or " I l l ust r at i ons" .
3. The br acket s and l et t er `6( a) ' omi t t ed by s. 3 and Sch. I I , i bi d.
4. Subs. by t he A. O. 1948, f or " a cool i e, who i s a Nat i ve I ndi an subj ect " .
5. Subs. by t he A. O. 1950, f or " a Br i t i sh subj ect of I ndi an domi ci l e" .
6. I l l ust r at i ons ( b) , ( c) and ( d) wer e r ep. by t he A. O. 1950.
7. Subs. , i bi d. , f or t he f or mer s. 5.
103
11.
" Per son" .
11. " Per son" . - - The wor d " per son" i ncl udes any Company or Associ at i on or body of per sons, whet her i ncor por at ed or not .
12.
" Publ i c" .
12. " Publ i c" . - - The wor d " publ i c" i ncl udes any cl ass of t he publ i c or any communi t y.
13.
[ Def i ni t i on of " Queen" . ] Rep. by t he A. O. 1950.
14.
" Ser vant of Gover nment " .
1*[ 14. " Ser vant of Gover nment " . - - The wor ds " ser vant of Gover nment " denot e any of f i cer or ser vant cont i nued, appoi nt ed or empl oyed i n I ndi a by or under t he aut hor i t y of Gover nment . ]
15.
[ Def i ni t i on of " Br i t i sh I ndi a" . ] Rep. by t he A. O. 1937.
16.
Def i ni t i on of " Gover nment of I ndi a" . ] Rep. , i bi d.
17.
" Gover nment " .
2*[ 17 " Gover nment " . - - The wor d " Gover nment " denot es t he Cent r al Gover nment or t he Gover nment of a 3****St at e. ]
18.
" I ndi a" .
4*[ 18. " I ndi a" . - - " I ndi a" means t he t er r i t or y of I ndi a excl udi ng t he St at e of J ammu and Kashmi r . ]
19.
" J udge" .
19. " J udge" . - - The wor d " J udge" denot es not onl y ever y per son who i s of f i ci al l y desi gnat ed as a J udge, but al so ever y per son.
who i s empower ed by l aw t o gi ve, i n any l egal pr oceedi ng, ci vi l or cr i mi nal , a def i ni t i ve j udgment , or a j udgment whi ch, i f not appeal ed agai nst , woul d be def i ni t i ve, or a j udgment whi ch, i f conf i r med by some ot her aut hor i t y, woul d be def i ni t i ve, or
who i s one of a body of per sons, whi ch body of per sons i s empower ed by l aw t o gi ve such a j udgment .
I l l ust r at i ons
( a) A col l ect or exer ci si ng j ur i sdi ct i on i n a sui t under Act 10 of 1859, i s a J udge.
( b) A Magi st r at e exer ci si ng j ur i sdi ct i on i n r espect of a char ge on whi ch he has power t o sent ence t o f i ne or i mpr i sonment wi t h or wi t hout appeal , i s a J udge.
( c) A member of a panchayat whi ch has power , under 5*Regul at i on VI I , 1816, of t he Madr as Code, t o t r y and det er mi ne sui t , i s a J udge.
( d) A Magi st r at e exer ci si ng j ur i sdi ct i on i n r espect of a char ge on whi ch he has power onl y t o commi t f or t r i al t o anot her Cour t , i s not a J udge.
20.
" Cour t of J ust i ce" .
20. " Cour t of J ust i ce" . - - The wor ds " Cour t of J ut si ce" denot e a J udge who i s empower ed by l aw t o act j udi ci al l y al one, or a body of J udges whi ch i s empower ed by l aw t o act j udi ci al l y as a body, when such J udge or body of J udges i s act i ng j udi ci al l y.
I l l ust r at i on
A Panchayat act i ng under 5*Regul at i on VI I , 1816, of t he Madr as Code, havi ng power t o t r y and det er mi ne sui t s, i s a Cour t of J ust i ce. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1. Subs. by t he A. O. 1950, f or s. 14.
2. Subs. , i bi d. , f or s. 17.
3. The wor ds and l et t er " Par t A" omi t t ed by Act 3 of 1951, s. 3 and Sch.
4. Subs. by s. 3 and Sch. , i bi d. , f or s. 18.
5. Rep. by t he Madr as Ci vi l Cour t s Act , 1873 ( 3 of 1873) .
104
21.
" Publ i c ser vant " .
21. " Publ i c ser vant " . - - The wor ds " publ i c ser vant " denot e a per son f al l i ng under any of t he descr i pt i ons her ei naf t er f ol l owi ng, namel y: - -
1* * * * *
Second. - - Ever y Commi ssi oned Of f i cer i n t he Mi l i t ar y, 2*[ Naval or Ai r ] For ces 3*[ 4**** of I ndi a] ;
5*[ Thi r d. - - Ever y J udge i ncl udi ng any per son empower ed by l aw t o di schar ge, whet her by hi msel f or as a member of any body of per sons. any adj udi cat or y f unct i ons; ]
Four t h. - - Ever y of f i cer of a Cour t of J ust i ce 6*[ ( i ncl udi ng a l i qui dat or , r ecei ver or commi ssi oner ) ] whose dut y i t i s, as such of f i cer , t o i nvest i gat e or r epor t on any mat t er of l aw or f act , or t o make, aut hent i cat e, or keep any document , or t o t ake char ge or di spose of any pr oper t y, or t o execut e any j udi ci al pr ocess, or t o admi ni st er any oat h, or t o i nt er pr et , or t o pr eser ve or der i n t he Cour t , and ever y per son speci al l y aut hor i zed by a Cour t of J ust i ce t o per f or many of such dut i es;
Fi f t h. - - Ever y j ur yman, assessor , or member of a panchayat assi st i ng a Cour t of J ust i ce or publ i c ser vant ;
Si xt h. - - Ever y ar bi t r at or or ot her per son t o whomany cause or mat t er has been r ef er r ed f or deci si on or r epor t by any Cour t of J ust i ce, or by any ot her compet ent publ i c aut hor i t y;
Sevent h. - - Ever y per son who hol ds any of f i ce by vi r t ue of whi ch he i s empower ed t o pl ace or keep any per son i n conf i nement ;
Ei ght h. - - Ever y of f i cer of 7*[ t he Gover nment ] whose dut y i t i s, as such of f i cer , t o pr event of f ences, t o gi ve i nf or mat i on of of f ences, t o br i ng of f ender s t o j ust i ce, or t o pr ot ect t he publ i c heal t h, saf et y or conveni ence;
Ni nt h. - - Ever y of f i cer whose dut y i t i s as such of f i cer , t o t ake, r ecei ve, keep or expend any pr oper t y on behal f of 7*[ t he Gover nment ] , or t o make any sur vey, assessment or cont r act on behal f of 7*[ t he Gover nment ] , or t o execut e any r evenue- pr ocess, or t o i nvest i gat e, or t o r epor t , on any mat t er af f ect i ng t he pecuni ar y i nt er est s of 7*[ t he Gover nment ] , or t o make. aut hent i cat e or keep any document r el at i ng t o t he pecuni ar y i nt er est s of 7*[ t he Gover nment ] , or t o pr event t he i nf r act i on of any l aw f or t he pr ot ect i on of t he pecuni ar y i nt er est s of 7*[ t he Gover nment ] 8****;
Tent h. - - Ever y of f i cer whose dut y i t i s, as such of f i cer , t o t ake, r ecei ve, keep or expend any pr oper t y, t o make any sur vey or assessment or t o l evy any r at e or t ax f or any secul ar common pur pose of any vi l l age, t own or di st r i ct , or t o make, aut hent i cat e or keep any document f or t he ascer t ai ni ng of t he r i ght s of t he peopl e of any vi l l age, t own or di st r i ct ; - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1. Cl . Fi r st omi t t ed by t he A. O. 1950.
2. Subs. by Act 10 of 1927, s. 2 and Sch. I , f or " or Naval " .
3. Subs. by t he A. O. 1948, f or " of t he Queen whi l e ser vi ng under any Gover nment i n Br i t i sh I ndi a or t he Cr own Repr esent at i ve" .
4. The wor ds " of t he Domi ni on" omi t t ed by t he A. O. 1950.
5. Subs. by Act 40 of 1964, s. 2, f or cl . Thi r d.
6. I ns. by s. 2, i bi d.
7. Subs. by t he A. O. 1950, f or " t he Cr own" .
8. Cer t ai n wor ds omi t t ed by Act 40 of 1964, s. 2.
105
1*[ El event h. - - Ever y per son who hol ds any of f i ce i n vi r t ue of whi ch he i s empower ed t o pr epar e, publ i sh, mai nt ai n or r evi se an el ect or al r ol l or t o conduct an el ect i on or par t of an el ect i on; ]
2*[ Twel f t h. - - Ever y per son- -
( a) i n t he ser vi ce or pay of t he Gover nment or r emuner at ed by f ees or commi ssi on f or t he per f or mance of any publ i c dut y by t he Gover nment ;
( b) i n t he ser vi ce or pay of a l ocal aut hor i t y, a cor por at i on est abl i shed by or under a Cent r al , Pr ovi nci al or St at e Act or a Gover nment company as def i ned i n sect i on 617 of t he Compani es Act , 1956 ( 1 of 1956) . ]
I l l ust r at i on
A Muni ci pal Commi ssi oner i s a publ i c ser vant .
Expl anat i on 1. - - Per sons f al l i ng under any of t he above descr i pt i ons ar e publ i c ser vant s, whet her appoi nt ed by t he Gover nment or not .
Expl anat i on 2. - - Wher ever t he wor ds " publ i c ser vant " occur , t hey shal l be under st ood of ever y per son who i s i n act ual possessi on of t he si t uat i on of a publ i c ser vant , what ever l egal def ect t her e may be i n hi s r i ght t o hol d t hat si t uat i on.
3*[ Expl anat i on 3. - - The wor d " el ect i on" denot es an el ect i on f or t he pur pose of sel ect i ng member s of any l egi sl at i ve, muni ci pal or ot her publ i c aut hor i t y, of what ever char act er , t he met hod of sel ect i on t o whi ch i s by, or under , any l aw pr escr i bed as by el ect i on. ]
4* * * * *
22.
" Movabl e pr oper t y" .
22. " Movabl e pr oper t y" . - - The wor ds " movabl e pr oper t y" ar e i nt ended t o i ncl ude cor por eal pr oper t y of ever y descr i pt i on, except l and and t hi ngs at t ached t o t he ear t h or per manent l y f ast ened t o anyt hi ng whi ch i s at t ached t o t he ear t h.
23.
" Wr ongf ul gai n" .
23. " Wr ongf ul gai n" . - - " Wr ongf ul gai n" i s gai n by unl awf ul means of pr oper t y t o whi ch t he per son gai ni ng i s not l egal l y ent i t l ed.
" Wr ongf ul l oss" .
" Wr ongf ul l oss" . - - " Wr ongf ul l oss" i s t he l oss by unl awf ul means of pr oper t y t o whi ch t he per son l osi ng i t i s l egal l y ent i t l ed.
Gai ni ng wr ongf ul l y. Losi ng wr ongf ul l y.
Gai ni ng wr ongf ul l y. Losi ng wr ongf ul l y. - - A per son i s sai d t o gai n wr ongf ul l y when such per son r et ai ns wr ongf ul l y, as wel l as when such per son acqui r es wr ongf ul l y. A per son i s sai d t o l ose wr ongf ul l y when such per son i s wr ongf ul l y kept out of any pr oper t y, as wel l as when such per son i s wr ongf ul l y depr i ved of pr oper t y.
24.
" Di shonest l y" .
24. " Di shonest l y" . - - Whoever does anyt hi ng wi t h t he i nt ent i on of causi ng wr ongf ul gai n t o one per son or wr ongf ul l oss t o anot her per son, i s sai d t o do t hat t hi ng " di shonest l y" .
25.
" Fr audul ent l y" .
25. " Fr audul ent l y" . - - A per son i s sai d t o do a t hi ng f r audul ent l y i f he does t hat t hi ng wi t h i nt ent t o def r aud but not ot her wi se. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1. I ns. by Act 39 of 1920, s. 2.
2. Subs. by Act 40 of 1964, s. 2, f or cl . Twel f t h, i ns. by Act 2 of 1958, s. 2.
3. I ns. by Act 39 of 1920, s. 2.
4. Expl anat i on 4 i ns. by Act 2 of 1958, s. 2, omi t t ed by Act 40 of 1964, s. 2.
106
26.
" Reason t o bel i eve" .
26. " Reason t o bel i eve" . - - A per son i s sai d t o have " r eason t o bel i eve" a t hi ng, i f he has suf f i ci ent cause t o bel i eve t hat t hi ng but not ot her wi se.
27.
Pr oper t y i n possessi on of wi f e, cl er k or ser vant .
27. Pr oper t y i n possessi on of wi f e, cl er k or ser vant . - - When pr oper t y i s i n t he possessi on of a per son' s wi f e, cl er k or ser vant , on account of t hat per son, i t i s i n t hat per son' s possessi on wi t hi n t he meani ng of t hi s Code.
Expl anat i on. - - A per son empl oyed t empor ar i l y or on a par t i cul ar occasi on i n t he capaci t y of a cl er k, or ser vant , i s a cl er k or ser vant wi t hi n t he meani ng of t hi s sect i on.
28.
" Count er f ei t " .
28. " Count er f ei t " . - - A per son i s sai d t o " count er f ei t " who causes one t hi ng t o r esembl e anot her t hi ng, i nt endi ng by means of t hat r esembl ance t o pr act i se decept i on, or knowi ng i t t o be l i kel y t hat decept i on wi l l t her eby be pr act i sed.
1*[ Expl anat i on 1. - - I t i s not essent i al t o count er f ei t i ng t hat t he i mi t at i on shoul d be exact .
Expl anat i on 2. - - When a per son causes one t hi ng t o r esembl e anot her t hi ng, and t he r esembl ance i s such t hat a per son mi ght be decei ved t her eby, i t shal l be pr esumed, unt i l t he cont r ar y i s pr oved, t hat t he per son so causi ng t he one t hi ng t o r esembl e t he ot her t hi ng i nt ended by means of t hat r esembl ance t o pr act i se decept i on or knew i t t o be l i kel y t hat decept i on woul d t her eby be pr act i sed. ]
29.
" Document " .
29. " Document " . - - The wor d " document " denot es any mat t er expr essed or descr i bed upon any subst ance by means of l et t er s, f i gur es or mar ks, or by mor e t han one of t hose means, i nt ended t o be used, or whi ch may be used, as evi dence of t hat mat t er .
Expl anat i on 1. - - I t i s i mmat er i al by what means or upon what subst ance t he l et t er s, f i gur es or mar ks ar e f or med, or whet her t he evi dence i s i nt ended f or , or may be used i n, a Cour t of J ust i ce, or not .
I l l ust r at i ons
A wr i t i ng expr essi ng t he t er ms of a cont r act , whi ch may be used as evi dence of t he cont r act , i s a document .
A cheque upon a banker i s a document .
A power - of - at t or ney i s a document .
A map or pl an whi ch i s i nt ended t o be used or whi ch may be used as evi dence, i s a document .
A wr i t i ng cont ai ni ng di r ect i ons or i nst r uct i ons i s a document .
Expl anat i on 2. - - What ever i s expr essed by means of l et t er s, f i gur es or mar ks as expl ai ned by mer cant i l e or ot her usage, shal l be deemed t o be expr essed by such l et t er s, f i gur es or mar ks wi t hi n t he meani ng of t hi s sect i on, al t hough t he same may not be act ual l y expr essed.
I l l ust r at i on
A wr i t es hi s name on t he back of a bi l l of exchange payabl e t o hi s or der . The meani ng of t he endor sement as expl ai ned by mer cant i l e usage, i s t hat t he bi l l i s t o be pai d t o t he hol der . The endor sement i s a document , and must be const r ued i n t he same manner as i f t he wor ds " pay t o t he hol der " or wor ds t o t hat ef f ect had been wr i t t en over t he si gnat ur e.
30.
" Val uabl e secur i t y" .
30. " Val uabl e secur i t y" . - - The wor ds " val uabl e secur i t y" denot e a document whi ch i s, or pur por t s t o be, a document wher eby any l egal r i ght i s cr eat ed, ext ended, t r ansf er r ed, r est r i ct ed, ext i ngui shed or r el eased, or who her eby any per son acknowl edges t hat he l i es under l egal l i abi l i t y, or has not a cer t ai n l egal r i ght . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1. Subs. by Act 1 of 1889, s. 9, f or t he or i gi nal Expl anat i on.
107
I l l ust r at i on
A wr i t es hi s name on t he back of a bi l l of exchange. As t he ef f ect of t hi s endor sement i s t o t r ansf er t he r i ght t o t he bi l l t o any per son who may become t he l awf ul hol der of i t , t he endor sement i s a " val uabl e secur i t y" .
31.
" A wi l l " .
31. " A wi l l " . - - The wor ds " a wi l l " denot e any t est ament ar y document .
32.
Wor ds r ef er r i ng t o act s i ncl ude i l l egal omi ssi ons.
32. Wor ds r ef er r i ng t o act s i ncl ude i l l egal omi ssi ons. - - I n ever y par t of t hi s Code, except wher e a cont r ar y i nt ent i on appear s f r omt he cont ext , wor ds whi ch r ef er t o act s done ext end al so t o i l l egal omi ssi ons.
33.
" Act " . " Omi ssi on" .
33. " Act " . " Omi ssi on" . - - The wor d " act " denot es as wel l as ser i es of act s as a si ngl e act : t he wor d " omi ssi on" denot es as wel l a ser i es of omi ssi ons as a si ngl e omi ssi on.
34.
Act s done by sever al per sons i n f ut her ance of common i nt ent i on.
1*[ 34. Act s done by sever al per sons i n f ut her ance of common i nt ent i on. - - When a cr i mi nal act i s done by sever al per sons i n f ur t her ance of t he common i nt ent i on of al l , each of such per sons i s l i abl e f or t hat act i n t he same manner as i f i t wer e done by hi m al one. ]
35.
When such an act i s cr i mi nal by r eason of i t s bei ng done wi t h a cr i mi nal knowl edge or i nt ent i on.
35. When such an act i s cr i mi nal by r eason of i t s bei ng done wi t h a cr i mi nal knowl edge or i nt ent i on. - - Whenever an act , whi ch i s cr i mi nal onl y by r eason of i t s bei ng done wi t h a cr i mi nal knowl edge or i nt ent i on, i s done by sever al per sons, each of such per sons who j oi ns i n t he act wi t h such knowl edge or i nt ent i on i s l i abl e f or t he act i n t he same manner as i f t he act wer e done by hi m al one wi t h t hat knowl edge or i nt ent i on.
36.
Ef f ect caused par t l y by act and par t l y by omi ssi on.
36. Ef f ect caused par t l y by act and par t l y by omi ssi on. - - Wher ever t he causi ng of a cer t ai n ef f ect , or an at t empt t o cause t hat ef f ect , by an act or by an omi ssi on, i s an of f ence, i t i s t o be under st ood t hat t he causi ng of t hat ef f ect par t l y by an act and par t l y by an omi ssi on i s t he same of f ence.
I l l ust r at i on
A i nt ent i onal l y causes Z' s deat h, par t l y by i l l egal l y omi t t i ng t o gi ve Z f ood, and par t y by beat i ng Z. A has commi t t ed mur der .
37.
Co- oper at i on by doi ng one of sever al act s const i t ut i ng an of f ence.
37. Co- oper at i on by doi ng one of sever al act s const i t ut i ng an of f ence. - - When an of f ence i s commi t t ed by means of sever al act s, whoever i nt ent i onal l y co- oper at es i n t he commi ssi on of t hat of f ence by doi ng any one of t hose act s, ei t her si ngl y or j oi nt l y wi t h any ot her per son, commi t s t hat of f ence.
I l l ust r at i ons
( a) A and B agr ee t o mur der Z by sever al l y and at di f f er ent t i mes gi vi ng hi m smal l doses of poi son. A and B admi ni st er t he poi son accor di ng t o t he agr eement wi t h i nt ent t o mur der Z. Z di es f r omt he ef f ect s t he sever al doses of poi son so admi ni st er ed t o hi m. Her e A and B i nt ent i onal l y co oper at e i n t he commi ssi on of mur der and as each of t hemdoes an act by whi ch t he deat h i s caused, t hey ar e bot h gui l t y of t he of f ence t hough t hei r act s ar e separ at e.
( b) A and B ar e j oi nt j ai l or s, and as such have t he char ge of Z, a pr i soner , al t er nat i vel y f or si x hour s at a t i me. A and B, i nt endi ng t o cause Z' s deat h, knowi ngl y co- oper at e i n causi ng t hat ef f ect by i l l egal l y omi t t i ng, each dur i ng t he t i me of hi s at t endance, t o f ur ni sh Z wi t h f ood suppl i ed t o t hemf or t hat pur pose. Z dues of hunger . Bot h A and B ar e gui l t y of t he mur der of Z. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1. Subs. by Act 27 of 1870, s. 1, f or t he or i gi nal sect i on.
108
( c) A, a j ai l or , has t he char ge of Z, a pr i soner . A, i nt endi ng t o cause Z' s deat h, i l l egal l y omi t s t o suppl y Z wi t h f ood; i n consequence of whi ch Z i s much r educed i n st r engt h, but t he st ar vat i on i s not suf f i ci ent t o cause hi s deat h. A i s di smi ssed f r omhi s of f i ce, and B succeeds hi m. B, wi t hout col l usi on or co- oper at i on wi t h A, i l l egal l y omi t s t o suppl y Z wi t h f ood, knowi ng t hat he i s l i kel y t her eby t o cause Z' s deat h. Z di es of hunger . B i s gui l t y of mur der , but , as A di d not co- oper at e wi t h B. A i s gui l t y onl y of an at t empt t o commi t mur der .
38.
Per sons concer ned i n cr i mi nal Act may be gui l t y of di f f er ent of f ences.
38. Per sons concer ned i n cr i mi nal Act may be gui l t y of di f f er ent of f ences. - - Wher e sever al per sons ar e engaged or concer ned i n t he commi ssi on of a cr i mi nal act , t hey may be gui l t y of di f f er ent of f ences by means of t hat act .
I l l ust r at i on
A at t acks Z under such ci r cumst ances of gr ave pr ovocat i on t hat hi s ki l l i ng of Z woul d be onl y cul pabl e homi ci de not amount i ng t o mur der . B, havi ng i l l - wi l l t owar ds Z and i nt endi ng t o ki l l hi m, and not havi ng been subj ect t o t he pr ovocat i on, assi st s A i n ki l l i ng Z. Her e, t hough A and B ar e bot h engaged i n causi ng Z' s deat h, B i s gui l t y of mur der , and A i s gui l t y onl y of cul pabl e homi ci de.
39.
" Vol unt ar i l y" .
39. " Vol unt ar i l y" . - - A per son i s sai d t o cause an ef f ect " vol unt ar i l y" when he causes i t by means wher eby he i nt ended t o cause i t , or by means whi ch, at t he t i me of empl oyi ng t hose means, he knew or had r eason t o bel i eve t o be l i kel y t o cause i t .
I l l ust r at i on
A set s f i r e, by ni ght , t o an i nhabi t ed house i n a l ar ge t own, f or t he pur pose of f aci l i t at i ng a r obber y and t hus causes t he deat h of a per son. Her e, A may not have i nt ended t o cause deat h; and may even be sor r y t hat deat h has been caused by hi s act ; yet , i f he knew t hat he was l i kel y t o cause deat h, he has caused deat h vol unt ar i l y.
40.
" Of f ence" .
1*[ 40. " Of f ence" . - - Except i n t he 2*[ Chapt er s] and sect i ons ment i oned i n cl auses 2 and 3 of t hi s sect i on, t he wor d " of f ence" denot es a t hi ng made puni shabl e by t hi s Code.
I n Chapt er I V, 3*[ Chapt er VA] and i n t he f ol l owi ng sect i ons, namel y, sect i ons 4*[ 64, 65, 66, 5*[ 67] , 71] , 109, 110, 112, 114, 115, 116, 117, 187, 194, 195, 203, 211, 213, 214, 221, 222, 223, 224, 225, 327, 328, 329, 330, 331, 347, 348, 388, 389 and 445, t he wor d " of f ence" denot es a t hi ng puni shabl e under t hi s Code, or under any speci al or l ocal l aw as her ei naf t er def i ned.
And i n sect i ons 141, 176, 177, 201, 202, 212, 216 and 441, t he wor d " of f ence" has t he same meani ng when t he t hi ng puni shabl e under t he speci al or l ocal l aw i s puni shabl e under such l aw wi t h i mpr i sonment f or a t er m of si x mont hs or upwar ds, whet her wi t h or wi t hout f i ne. ]
41.
" Speci al l aw" .
41. " Speci al l aw" . - - A " speci al l aw" i s a l aw appl i cabl e t o a par t i cul ar subj ect .
42.
" Local l aw" .
42. " Local l aw" . - - A " l ocal l aw" i s a l aw appl i cabl e onl y t o a par t i cul ar par t of 6* [ 7**** 8*[ I ndi a] ] . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1. Subs. by Act 27 of 1870, s. 2, f or t he or i gi nal s. 40.
2. Subs. by Act 8 of 1930, s. 2 and Sch. I , f or " chapt er " .
3. I ns. by Act 8 of 1913, s. 2.
4. I ns. by Act 8 of 1882, s. 1.
5. I ns. by Act 10 of 1886, s. 21 ( 1) .
6. Subs. by t he A. O. 1948, f or " Br i t i sh I ndi a" .
7. The wor ds " t he t er r i t or i es compr i sed i n" wer e r ep. by Act 48 of 1952, s. 3 and Sch. I I .
8. Subs. by Act 3 of 1951, s. 3 and Sch. , f or " t he St at es" . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
109
43.
" I l l egal " .
" Legal l y bound t o do" .
43. " I l l egal " . " Legal l y bound t o do" . - - The wor d " i l l egal " i s appl i cabl e t o ever yt hi ng whi ch i s an of f ence or whi ch i s pr ohi bi t ed by l aw, or whi ch f ur ni shes gr ound f or a ci vi l act i on; and a per son i s sai d t o be " l egal l y bound t o do" what ever i t i s i l l egal i n hi mt o omi t .
44.
" I nj ur y" .
44. " I nj ur y" . - - The wor d " i nj ur y" denot es any har m what ever i l l egal l y caused t o any per son, i n body, mi nd, r eput at i on or pr oper t y.
45.
" Li f e" .
45. " Li f e" . - - The wor d " l i f e" denot es t he l i f e of a human bei ng, unl ess t he cont r ar y appear s f r omt he cont ext .
46.
" Deat h" .
46. " Deat h" . - - The wor d " deat h" denot es t he deat h of a human bei ng unl ess t he cont r ar y appear s f r omt he cont ext .
47.
" Ani mal " .
47. " Ani mal " . - - The wor d " ani mal " denot es any l i vi ng cr eat ur e, ot her t han a human bei ng.
48.
" Vessel " .
48. " Vessel " . - - The wor d " vessel " denot es anyt hi ng made f or t he conveyance by wat er of human bei ngs or of pr oper t y.
49.
" Year " .
" Mont h" .
49. " Year " . " Mont h" . - - Wher ever t he wor d " year " or t he wor d " mont h" i s used, i t i s t o be under st ood t hat t he year or t he mont h i s t o be r eckoned accor di ng t o t he Br i t i sh cal endar .
50.
" Sect i on" .
50. " Sect i on" . - - The wor d " sect i on" denot es one of t hose por t i ons of a Chapt er of t hi s Code whi ch ar e di st i ngui shed by pr ef i xed numer al f i gur es.
51.
" Oat h" .
51. " Oat h" . - - The wor d " oat h" i ncl udes a sol emn af f i r mat i on subst i t ut ed by l aw f or an oat h, and any decl ar at i on r equi r ed or aut hor i zed by l aw t o be made bef or e a publ i c ser vant or t o be used f or t he pur pose of pr oof , whet her i n a Cour t of J ust i ce or not .
52.
" Good f ai t h" .
52. " Good f ai t h" . - - Not hi ng i s sai d t o be done or bel i eved i n " good f ai t h" whi ch i s done or bel i eved wi t hout due car e and at t ent i on.
52A.
" Har bour " .
1*[ 52A. " Har bour " . - - Except i n sect i on 157, and i n sect i on 130 i n t he case i n whi ch t he har bour i s gi ven by t he wi f e or husband of t he per son har bour ed, t he wor d " har bour " i ncl udes t he suppl yi ng a per son wi t h shel t er , f ood, dr i nk, money, cl ot hes, ar ms, ammuni t i on or means of conveyance, or t he assi st i ng a per son by any means, whet her of t he same ki nd as t hose enumer at ed i n t hi s sect i on or not , t o evade appr ehensi on. ]
CHAPTER I I I
OF PUNI SHMENTS
CHAPTER I I I
OF PUNI SHMENTS
53.
Puni shment s.
53. Puni shment s. - - The puni shment s t o whi ch of f ender s ar e l i abl e under t he pr ovi si ons of t hi s Code ar e- -
Fi r st . - - Deat h;
2*[ Secondl y. - - I mpr i sonment f or l i f e; ]
3* * * * *
Four t hl y. - - I mpr i sonment , whi ch i s of t wo descr i pt i ons, namel y: -
( 1) Ri gor ous, t hat i s wi t h har d l abour ;
( 2) Si mpl e;
Fi f t hl y. - - For f ei t ur e of pr oper t y;
Si xt hl y. - - Fi ne. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1. I ns. by Act 8 of 1942. s. 2.
2. Subs. by Act 26 of 1955, s. 117 and Sch. , f or " Secondl y. - - Tr anspor t at i on; " ( w. e. f . 1- 1- 1956) .
3. " Thi r dl y, - Penal ser i t ude; " was r ep. by Act 17 of 1949, s. 2 ( w. e. f . 6- 4- 1949) .
110
53A.
Const r uct i on of r ef er ence t o t r anspor t at i on.
1*[ 53A. Const r uct i on of r ef er ence t o t r anspor t at i on. - - ( 1) Subj ect t o t he pr ovi si ons of sub- sect i on ( 2) and sub- sect i on ( 3) , any r ef er ence t o " t r anspor t at i on f or l i f e" i n any ot her l aw f or t he t i me bei ng i n f or ce or i n any i nst r ument or or der havi ng ef f ect by vi r t ue of any such l aw or of any enact ment r epeal ed shal l be const r ued as a r ef er ence t o " i mpr i sonment f or l i f e" .
( 2) I n ever y case i n whi ch a sent ence of t r anspor t at i on f or a t er mhas been passed bef or e t he commencement of t he Code of Cr i mi nal Pr ocedur e ( Amendment ) Act , 2*[ 1955] , ( 26 of 1955) , t he of f ender shal l be deal t wi t h i n t he same manner as i f sent enced t o r i gor ous i mpr i sonment f or t he same t er m.
( 3) Any r ef er ence t o t r anspor t at i on f or a t er m or t o t r anspor t at i on f or any shor t er t er m( by what ever name cal l ed) i n any ot her l aw f or t he t i me bei ng i n f or ce shal l be deemed t o have been omi t t ed.
( 4) Any r ef er ence t o " t r anspor t at i on" i n any ot her l aw f or t he t i me bei ng i n f or ce shal l , -
( a) i f t he expr essi on means t r anspor t at i on f or l i f e, be const r ued as a r ef er ence t o i mpr i sonment f or l i f e;
( b) i f t he expr essi on means t r anspor t at i on f or any shor t er t er m, be deemed t o have been omi t t ed. ]
54.
Commut at i on of sent ence of deat h.
54. Commut at i on of sent ence of deat h. - - I n ever y case i n whi ch sent ence of deat h shal l have been passed, 3*[ t he appr opr i at e Gover nment ] may, wi t hout t he consent of t he of f ender , commut e t he puni shment f or any ot her puni shment pr ovi ded by t hi s Code.
55.
Commut at i on of sent ence of i mpr i sonment f or l i f e.
55. Commut at i on of sent ence of i mpr i sonment f or l i f e. - - I n ever y case i n whi ch sent ence of 4*[ i mpr i sonment ] f or l i f e shal l have been passed, 5[ t he appr opr i at e Gover nment ] may, wi t hout t he consent of t he of f ender , commut e t he puni shment f or i mpr i sonment of ei t her descr i pt i on f or a t er mnot exceedi ng f our t een year s.
55A.
Def i ni t i on of " appr opr i at e Gover nment " .
6*[ 55A. Def i ni t i on of " appr opr i at e Gover nment " . - - I n sect i ons f i f t y- f our and f i f t y- f i ve t he expr essi on " appr opr i at e Gover nment " means, -
( a) i n cases wher e t he sent ence i s a sent ence of deat h or i s f or an of f ence agai nst any l aw r el at i ng t o a mat t er t o whi ch t he execut i ve power of t he Uni on ext ends, t he Cent r al Gover nment ; and
( b) i n cases wher e t he sent ence ( whet her of deat h or not ) i s f or an of f ence agai nst any l aw r el at i ng t o a mat t er t o whi ch t he execut i ve power of t he St at e ext ends, t he Gover nment of t he St at e wi t hi n whi ch t he of f ender i s sent enced. ]
56.
56. [ Sent ence of Eur opeans and Amer i cans t o penal ser vi t ude. Pr ovi so as t o sent ence f or t er mexceedi ng t en year s but not f or l i f e. ] Rep. by t he Cr i mi nal Law ( Removal of Raci al Di scr i mi nat i ons) Act , 1949 ( 17 of 1949) ( w. e. f . 6- 4- 1949) .
57.
Fr act i ons of t er ms of puni shment .
57. Fr act i ons of t er ms of puni shment . - - I n cal cul at i ng f r act i ons of t er ms of puni shment , 4[ i mpr i nsonment ] f or l i f e shal l be r eckoned as equi val ent t o 4[ i mpr i sonment ] f or t went y year s.
58.
58. [ Of f ender s sent enced t o t r anspor t at i on how deal t wi t h unt i l t r anspor t ed. ] Rep. by t he Code of Cr i mi nal Pr ocedur e ( Amendment ) Act , 1955 ( 26 of 1955) , s. 117 and Sch. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1. I ns. by Act 26 of 1955, s. 117 and Sch. ( w. e. f . 1- 1- 1956) .
2. Subs. by Act 36 of 1957, s. 3 and Sch. I I , f or " 1954" .
3. Subs. by t he A. O. 1950, f or " t he Cent r al Gover nment or t he Pr ovi nci al Gover nment of t he Pr ovi nce wi t hi n whi ch t he of f ender shal l have been sent enced" .
4. Subs. by Act 26 of 1955, s. 117 and Sch. , f or " t r anspor t at i on" ( w. e. f . 1- 1- 1956) .
5. Subs. by t he A. O. 1950, f or " t he pr ovi nci al Gover nment of t he Pr ovi nce wi t hi n whi ch t he of f ender shal l have been sent enced" .
6. Subs. , i bi d, f or s. 55A whi ch had been i ns. by t he A. O. 1937. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
111
59.
59. [ Tr anspor t at i on i nst ead of i mpr i sonment . ] Rep. by t he Code of Cr i mi nal Pr ocedur e ( Amendment ) Act , 1955 ( 26 of 1955) s. 117 and Sch. , ( w. e. f . 1- 1- 1956) .
60.
Sent ence may be ( i n cer t ai n cases of i mpr i sonment ) whol l y or par t l y r i gor ous or si mpl e.
60. Sent ence may be ( i n cer t ai n cases of i mpr i sonment ) whol l y or par t l y r i gor ous or si mpl e. - - I n ever y case i n whi ch an of f ender i s puni shabl e wi t h i mpr i sonment whi ch may be of ei t her descr i pt i on, i t shal l be compet ent t o t he Cour t whi ch sent ences such of f ender t o di r ect i n t he sent ence t hat such i mpr i sonment shal l be whol l y r i gor ous, or t hat such i mpr i sonment shal l be whol l y si mpl e or ] t hat any par t of such i mpr i sonment shal l be r i gor ous and t he r est si mpl e.
61.
61. [ Sent ence of f or f ei t ur e of pr oper t y. ] Rep. by t he I ndi an Penal Code ( Amendment ) Act , 1921 ( 16 of 1921) , s. 4.
62.
62. [ For f ei t ur e of pr oper t y, i n r espect of of f ender s puni shabl e wi t h deat h, t r anspor t at i on or i mpr i sonment . ] Rep. , by s. 4 i bi d.
63.
Amount of f i ne.
63. Amount of f i ne. - - Wher e no sum i s expr essed t o whi ch a f i ne may ext end, t he amount of f i ne t o whi ch t he of f ender i s l i abl e i s unl i mi t ed, but shal l not be excessi ve.
64.
Sent ence of i mpr i sonment f or non- payment of f i ne.
64. Sent ence of i mpr i sonment f or non- payment of f i ne. - - 1*[ I n ever y case of an of f ence puni shabl e wi t h i mpr i sonment as wel l as f i ne, i n whi ch t he of f ender i s sent enced t o a f i ne, whet her wi t h or wi t hout i mpr i sonment ,
and i n ever y case of an of f ence puni shabl e 2*[ wi t h i mpr i sonment or f i ne, or ] wi t h f i ne onl y, i n whi ch t he of f ender i s sent enced t o a f i ne. ]
i t shal l be compet ent t o t he Cour t whi ch sent ences such of f ender t o di r ect by t he sent ence t hat , i n def aul t of payment of t he f i ne, t he of f ender shal l suf f er i mpr i sonment f or a cer t ai n t er m, whi ch i mpr i sonment shal l be i n excess of any ot her i mpr i sonment t o whi ch he may have been sent enced or t o whi ch he may be l i abl e under a commut at i on of a sent ence.
65.
Li mi t t o i mpr i sonment f or non- payment of f i ne, when i mpr i sonment and f i ne awar dabl e.
65. Li mi t t o i mpr i sonment f or non- payment of f i ne, when i mpr i sonment and f i ne awar dabl e. - - The t er mf or whi ch t he Cour t di r ect s t he of f ender t o be i mpr i soned i n def aul t of payment of a f i ne shal l not exceed one- f our t h of t he t er mof i mpr i sonment whi ch i s t he maxi mum f i xed f or t he of f ence, i f t he of f ence be puni shabl e wi t h i mpr i sonment as wel l as f i ne.
66.
Descr i pt i on of i mpr i sonment f or non- payment of f i ne.
66. Descr i pt i on of i mpr i sonment f or non- payment of f i ne. - - The i mpr i sonment whi ch t he Cour t i mposes i n def aul t of payment of a f i ne may be of any descr i pt i on t o whi ch t he of f ender mi ght have been sent enced f or t he of f ence.
67.
I mpr i sonment f or non- payment of f i ne, when of f ence puni shabl e wi t h f i ne onl y.
67. I mpr i sonment f or non- payment of f i ne, when of f ence puni shabl e wi t h f i ne onl y. - - I f t he of f ence be puni shabl e wi t h f i ne onl y, 3*[ t he i mpr i sonment whi ch t he Cour t i mposes i n def aul t of payment of t he f i ne shal l be si mpl e, and] t he t er mf or whi ch t he Cour t di r ect s t he of f ender t o be i mpr i soned, i n def aul t of payment of f i ne, shal l not exceed t he f ol l owi ng scal e, t hat i s t o say, f or any t er m not exceedi ng t wo mont hs when t he amount of t he f i ne shal l not exceed f i f t y r upees, and f or any t er m not exceedi ng f our mont hs when t he amount shal l not exceed one hundr ed r upees, and f or any t er m not exceedi ng si x mont hs i n any ot her case.
68.
I mpr i sonment t o t er mi nat e on payment of f i ne.
68. I mpr i sonment t o t er mi nat e on payment of f i ne. - - The i mpr i sonment whi ch i s i mposed i n def aul t of payment of a f i ne shal l t er mi nat e whenever t hat f i ne i s ei t her pai d or l evi ed by pr ocess of l aw. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1. Subs. by Act 8 of 1882, s. 2, f or " i n ever y case i n whi ch an of f ender i s sent enced t o a f i ne" .
2. I ns, by Act 10 of 1886, s. 21( 2) .
3. I ns by Act 8 of 1882, s. 3.
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69.
Ter mi nat i on of i mpr i sonment on payment of pr opor t i onal par t of f i ne.
69. Ter mi nat i on of i mpr i sonment on payment of pr opor t i onal par t of f i ne. - - I f , bef or e t he expi r at i on of t he t er mof i mpr i sonment f i xed i n def aul t of payment , such a pr opor t i on of t he f i ne be pai d or l evi ed t hat t he t er mof i mpr i sonment suf f er ed i n def aul t of payment i s not l ess t han pr opor t i onal t o t he par t of t he f i ne st i l l unpai d, t he i mpr i sonment shal l t er mi nat e.
I l l ust r at i on
A i s sent enced t o a f i ne of one hundr ed r upees and t o f our mont hs' i mpr i sonment i n def aul t of payment . Her e, i f sevent y- f i ve r upees of t he f i ne be pai d or l evi ed bef or e t he expi r at i on of one mont h of t he i mpr i sonment . A wi l l be di schar ged as soon as t he f i r st mont h has expi r ed. I f sevent y- f i ve r upees be pai d or l evi ed at t he t i me of t he expi r at i on of t he f i r st mont h, or at any l at er t i me whi l e A cont i nues i n i mpr i sonment . A wi l l be i mmedi at el y di schar ged. I f f i f t y r upees of t he f i ne be pai d or l evi ed bef or e t he expi r at i on of t wo mont hs of t he i mpr i sonment . A wi l l be di schar ged as soon as t he t wo mont hs ar e compl et ed. I f f i f t y r upees be pai d or l evi ed at t he t i me of t he expi r at i on of t hose t wo mont hs, or at any l at er t i me whi l e A cont i nues i n i mpr i sonment , A wi l l be i mmedi at el y di schar ged.
70.
Fi ne l evi abl e wi t hi n si x year s, or dur i ng i mpr i sonment . Deat h not t o di schar ge pr oper t y f r oml i abi l i t y.
70. Fi ne l evi abl e wi t hi n si x year s, or dur i ng i mpr i sonment . Deat h not t o di schar ge pr oper t y f r oml i abi l i t y. - - The f i ne, or any par t t her eof whi ch r emai ns unpai d, may be l evi ed at any t i me wi t hi n si x year s af t er t he passi ng of t he sent ence, and i f , under t he sent ence, t he of f ender be l i abl e t o i mpr i sonment f or a l onger per i od t han si x year s, t hen at any t i me pr evi ous t o t he expi r at i on of t hat per i od; and t he deat h of t he of f ender does not di schar ge f r omt he l i abi l i t y any pr oper t y whi ch woul d, af t er hi s deat h, be l egal l y l i abl e f or hi s debt s.
71.
Li mi t of puni shment of of f ence made up of sever al of f ences.
71. Li mi t of puni shment of of f ence made up of sever al of f ences. - - Wher e anyt hi ng whi ch i s an of f ence i s made up of par t s, any of whi ch par t s i s i t sel f an of f ence, t he of f ender shal l not be puni shed wi t h t he puni shment of mor e t han one of such hi s of f ences, unl ess i t be so expr essl y pr ovi ded.
1*[ Wher e anyt hi ng i s an of f ence f al l i ng wi t hi n t wo or mor e separ at e def i ni t i ons of any l aw i n f or ce f or t he t i me bei ng by whi ch of f ences ar e def i ned or puni shed, or
wher e sever al act s, of whi ch one or mor e t han one woul d by i t sel f or t hemsel ves const i t ut e an of f ence, const i t ut e, when combi ned, a di f f er ent of f ence,
t he of f ender shal l not be puni shed wi t h a mor e sever e puni shment t han t he Cour t whi ch t r i es hi m coul d awar d f or any one of such of f ences] .
I l l ust r at i ons
( a) A gi ves Z f i f t y st r okes wi t h a st i ck. Her e A may have commi t t ed t he of f ence of vol unt ar i l y causi ng hur t t o Z by t he whol e beat i ng, and al so by each of t he bl ows whi ch make up t he whol e beat i ng. I f A wer e l i abl e t o puni shment f or ever y bl ow, he mi ght be i mpr i soned f or f i f t y year s, one f or each bl ow. But he i s l i abl e onl y t o one puni shment f or t he whol e beat i ng.
( b) But , i f , whi l e A i s beat i ng Z, Y i nt er f er es, and A i nt ent i onal l y st r i kes Y, her e, as t he bl ow gi ven t o Y i s no par t of t he act wher eby A vol unt ar i l y causes hur t t o Z, A i s l i abl e t o one puni shment f or vol unt ar i l y causi ng hur t t o Z, and t o anot her f or t he bl ow gi ven t o Y.
72.
Puni shment of per son gui l t y of one of sever al of f ences, t he j udgment st at i ng t hat i t i s doubt f ul of whi ch.
72. Puni shment of per son gui l t y of one of sever al of f ences, t he j udgment st at i ng t hat i t i s doubt f ul of whi ch. - - I n al l cases i n whi ch j udgment i s gi ven t hat a per son i s gui l t y of one of sever al of f ences speci f i ed i n t he j udgment , but t hat i t i s doubt f ul of whi ch of t hese of f ences he i s gui l t y, t he of f ender shal l be puni shed f or t he of f ence f or whi ch t he l owest puni shment i s pr ovi ded i f t he same puni shment i s not pr ovi ded f or al l . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1. I ns by Act 8 of 1882, s, 4. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
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73.
Sol i t ar y conf i nement .
73. Sol i t ar y conf i nement . - - Whenever any per son i s convi ct ed of an of f ence f or whi ch under t hi s Code t he Cour t has power t o sent ence hi m t o r i gor ous i mpr i sonment , t he Cour t may, by i t s sent ence, or der t hat t he of f ender shal l be kept i n sol i t ar y conf i nement f or any por t i on or por t i ons of t he i mpr i sonment t o whi ch he i s sent enced, not exceedi ng t hr ee mont hs i n t he whol e, accor di ng t o t he f ol l owi ng scal e, t hat i s t o say- -
a t i me not exceedi ng one mont h i f t he t er mof i mpr i sonment shal l not exceed si x mont hs:
a t i me not exceedi ng t wo mont hs i f t he t er mof i mpr i sonment shal l exceed si x mont hs and 1*[ shal l not exceed one] year :
a t i me not exceedi ng t hr ee mont hs i f t he t er mof i mpr i sonment shal l exceed one year .
74.
Li mi t of sol i t ar y conf i nement .
74. Li mi t of sol i t ar y conf i nement . - - I n execut i ng a sent ence of sol i t ar y conf i nement , such conf i nement shal l i n no case exceed f our t een days at a t i me, wi t h i nt er val s bet ween t he per i ods of sol i t ar y conf i nement of not l ess dur at i on t han such per i ods; and when t he i mpr i sonment awar ded shal l exceed t hr ee mont hs, t he sol i t ar y conf i nement shal l not exceed seven days i n any one mont h of t he whol e i mpr i sonment awar ded, wi t h i nt er val s bet ween t he per i ods of sol i t ar y conf i nement of not l ess dur at i on t han such per i ods.
75.
Enhanced puni shment f or cer t ai n of f ence under Chapt er XI I or Chapt er XVI I af t er pr evi ous convi ct i on.
2*[ 75. Enhanced puni shment f or cer t ai n of f ences under Chapt er XI I or Chapt er XVI I af t er pr evi ous convi ct i on. - - Whoever , havi ng been convi ct ed, -
( a) by a Cour t i n 3*[ I ndi a] , of an of f ence puni shabl e under Chapt er XI I or Chapt er XVI I of t hi s Code wi t h i mpr i sonment of ei t her descr i pt i on f or a t er mof t hr ee year s or upwar ds, 4****
4* * * * *
shal l be gui l t y of any of f ence puni shabl e under ei t her of t hose Chapt er s wi t h l i ke i mpr i sonment f or t he l i ke t er m, shal l be subj ect f or ever y such subsequent of f ence t o 5*[ i mpr i sonment f or l i f e] or t o i mpr i sonment of ei t her descr i pt i on f or a t er mwhi ch may ext end t o t en year s. ]
CHAPTER I V
GENERAL EXCEPTI ONS
CHAPTER I V
GENERAL EXCEPTI ONS
76.
Act done by a per son bound, or by mi st ake of f act bel i evi ng hi msel f bound, by l aw. - -
76. Act done by a per son bound, or by mi st ake of f act bel i evi ng hi msel f bound, by l aw. - - Not hi ng i s an of f ence whi ch i s done by a per son who i s, or who by r eason of a mi st ake of f act and not by r eason of a mi st ake of l aw i n good f ai t h bel i eves hi msel f t o be, bound by l aw t o do i t .
I l l ust r at i ons
( a) A, a sol di er , f i r es on a mob by t he or der of hi s super i or of f i cer , i n conf or mi t y wi t h t he commands of t he l aw. A has commi t t ed no of f ence.
( b) A, an of f i cer of a Cour t of J ust i ce, bei ng or der ed by t hat Cour t t o ar r est Y, and af t er due enqui r y, bel i evi ng Z t o be Y, ar r est s Z. A has commi t t ed no of f ence.
77.
Act of J udge when act i ng j udi ci al l y.
77. Act of J udge when act i ng j udi ci al l y. - - Not hi ng i s an of f ence whi ch i s done by a J udge when act i ng j udi ci al l y i n t he exer ci se of any power whi ch i s, or whi ch i n good f ai t h he bel i eves t o be, gi ven t o hi m by l aw. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1. Subs. by Act 8 of 1882, s. 5, f or " be l ess t han a" .
2. Subs. by Act 3 of 1910, s. 2, f or t he or i gi nal sect i on.
3. Subs. by Act 3 of 1951, s. 3 and Sch. , f or " t he St at es" .
4. The wor d " or " at t he end of cl . ( a) and cl . ( b) wer e omi t t ed by s. 3 and Sch. , i bi d.
5. Subs. by Act 26 of 1955, s. 117 and Sch. , f or " t r anspor t at i on f or l i f e" ( w. e. f . 1- 1- 1956) . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
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78.
Act done pur suant t o t he j udgment or or der of Cour t .
78. Act done pur suant t o t he j udgment or or der of Cour t . - - Not hi ng whi ch i s done i n pur suance of , or whi ch i s war r ant ed by t he j udgment or or der of , a Cour t of J ust i ce, i f done whi l st such j udgment or or der r emai ns i n f or ce, i s an of f ence, not wi t hst andi ng t he Cour t may have had no j ur i sdi ct i on t o pass such j udgment or or der , pr ovi ded t he per son doi ng t he act i n good f ai t h bel i eves t hat t he Cour t had such j ur i sdi ct i on.
79.
Act done by a per son j ust i f i ed, or by mi st ake of f act bel i evi ng hi msel f , j ust i f i ed, by l aw.
79. Act done by a per son j ust i f i ed, or by mi st ake of f act bel i evi ng hi msel f , j ust i f i ed, by l aw. - - Not hi ng i s an of f ence whi ch i s done by any per son who i s j ust i f i ed by l aw, or who by r eason of a mi st ake of f act and not by r eason of a mi st ake of l aw i n good f ai t h, bel i eves hi msel f t o be j ust i f i ed by l aw, i n doi ng i t .
I l l ust r at i on
A sees Z commi t what appear s t o A t o be a mur der . A, i n t he exer ci se, t o t he best of hi s j udgment exer t ed i n good f ai t h, of t he power whi ch t he l aw gi ves t o al l per sons of appr ehendi ng mur der er s i n t he f act , sei zes Z, i n or der t o br i ng Z bef or e t he pr oper aut hor i t i es. A has commi t t ed no of f ence, t hough i t may t ur n out t hat Z was act i ng i n sel f - def ence.
80.
Acci dent i n doi ng a l awf ul act .
80. Acci dent i n doi ng a l awf ul act . - - Not hi ng i s an of f ence whi ch i s done by acci dent or mi sf or t une, and wi t hout any cr i mi nal i nt ent i on or knowl edge i n t he doi ng of a l awf ul act i n a l awf ul manner by l awf ul means and wi t h pr oper car e and caut i on.
I l l ust r at i on
A i s at wor k wi t h a hat chet ; t he head f l i es of f and ki l l s a man who i s st andi ng by. Her e, i f t her e was no want of pr oper caut i on on t he par t of A, hi s act i s excusabl e and not an of f ence.
81.
Act l i kel y t o cause har m, but done wi t hout cr i mi nal i nt ent , and t o pr event ot her har m.
81. Act l i kel y t o cause har m, but done wi t hout cr i mi nal i nt ent , and t o pr event ot her har m. - - Not hi ng i s an of f ence mer el y by r eason of i t s bei ng done wi t h t he knowl edge t hat i t i s l i kel y t o cause har m, i f i t be done wi t hout any cr i mi nal i nt ent i on t o cause har m, and i n good f ai t h f or t he pur pose of pr event i ng or avoi di ng ot her har mt o per son or pr oper t y.
Expl anat i on. - I t i s a quest i on of f act i n such a case whet her t he har mt o be pr event ed or avoi ded was of such a nat ur e and so i mmi nent as t o j ust i f y or excuse t he r i sk of doi ng t he act wi t h t he knowl edge t hat i t was l i kel y t o cause har m.
I l l ust r at i ons
( a) A, t he capt ai n of a st eamvessel , suddenl y and wi t hout any f aul t or negl i gence on hi s par t , f i nds hi msel f i n such a posi t i on t hat , bef or e he can st op hi s vessel , he must i nevi t abl y r un down a boat B, wi t h t went y or t hi r t y passenger s on boar d, unl ess he changes t he cour se of hi s vessel , and t hat , by changi ng hi s cour se, he must i ncur r i sk of r unni ng down a boat C wi t h onl y t wo passenger s on boar d, whi ch he may possi bl y cl ear . Her e, i f A al t er s hi s cour se wi t hout any i nt ent i on t o r un down t he boat C and i n good f ai t h f or t he pur pose of avoi di ng t he danger t o t he passenger s i n t he boat B, he i s not gui l t y of an of f ence, t hough he may r un down t he boat C by doi ng an whi ch he knew was l i kel y t o cause t hat ef f ect , i f i t be f ound as a mat t er of f act t hat t he danger whi ch he i nt ended t o avoi d was such as t o excuse hi mi n i ncur r i ng t he r i sk of r unni ng down C.
( b) A, i n a gr eat f i r e, pul l s down houses i n or der t o pr event t he conf l agr at i on f r om spr eadi ng. He does t hi s wi t h t he i nt ent i on i n good f ai t h of savi ng human l i f e or pr oper t y. Her e, i f i t be f ound t hat t he har mt o be pr event ed was of such a nat ur e and so i mmi nent as t o excuse A' s act , A i s not gui l t y of t he of f ence.
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82.
Act of a chi l d under seven year s of age.
82. Act of a chi l d under seven year s of age. - - Not hi ng i s an of f ence whi ch i s done by a chi l d under seven year s of age.
83.
Act of a chi l d above seven and under t wel ve of i mmat ur e under st andi ng.
83. Act of a chi l d above seven and under t wel ve of i mmat ur e under st andi ng. - - Not hi ng i s an of f ence whi ch i s done by a chi l d above seven year s of age and under t wel ve, who has not at t ai ned suf f i ci ent mat ur i t y of under st andi ng t o j udge of t he nat ur e and consequences of hi s conduct on t hat occasi on.
84.
Act of a per son of unsound mi nd.
84. Act of a per son of unsound mi nd. - - Not hi ng i s an of f ence whi ch i s done by a per son who, at t he t i me of doi ng i t , by r eason of unsoundness of mi nd, i s i ncapabl e of knowi ng t he nat ur e of t he act , or t hat he i s doi ng what i s ei t her wr ong or cont r ar y t o l aw.
85.
Act of a per son i ncapabl e of j udgment by r eason of i nt oxi cat i on caused agai nst hi s wi l l .
85. Act of a per son i ncapabl e of j udgment by r eason of i nt oxi cat i on caused agai nst hi s wi l l . - - Not hi ng i s an of f ence whi ch i s done by a per son who, at t he t i me of doi ng i t , i s, by r eason of i nt oxi cat i on, i ncapabl e of knowi ng t he nat ur e of t he act , or t hat he i s doi ng what i s ei t her wr ong, or cont r ar y t o l aw: pr ovi ded t hat t he t hi ng whi ch i nt oxi cat ed hi m was admi ni st er ed t o hi m wi t hout hi s knowl edge or agai nst hi s wi l l .
86.
Of f ence r equi r i ng a par t i cul ar i nt ent or knowl edge commi t t ed by one who i s i nt oxi cat ed.
86. Of f ence r equi r i ng a par t i cul ar i nt ent or knowl edge commi t t ed by one who i s i nt oxi cat ed. - - I n cases wher e an act done i s not an of f ence unl ess done wi t h a par t i cul ar knowl edge or i nt ent , a per son who does t he act i n a st at e of i nt oxi cat i on shal l be l i abl e t o be deal t wi t h as i f he had t he same knowl edge as he woul d have had i f he had not been i nt oxi cat ed, unl ess t he t hi ng whi ch i nt oxi cat ed hi mwas admi ni st er ed t o hi mwi t hout hi s knowl edge or agai nst hi s wi l l .
87.
Act not i nt ended and not known t o be l i kel y t o cause deat h or gr i evous hur t , done by consent .
87. Act not i nt ended and not known t o be l i kel y t o cause deat h or gr i evous hur t , done by consent . - - Not hi ng whi ch i s not i nt ended t o cause deat h, or gr i evous hur t , and whi ch i s not known by t he doer t o be l i kel y t o cause deat h or gr i evous hur t , i s an of f ence by r eason of any har m whi ch i t may cause, or be i nt ended by t he doer t o cause, t o any per son, above ei ght een year s of age, who has gi ven consent , whet her expr ess or i mpl i ed, t o suf f er t hat har m; or by r eason of any har mwhi ch i t may be known by t he doer t o be l i kel y t o cause t o any such per son who has consent ed t o t ake t he r i sk of t hat har m.
I l l ust r at i on
A and Z agr ee t o f ence wi t h each ot her f or amusement . Thi s agr eement i mpl i es t he consent of each t o suf f er any har mwhi ch, i n t he cour se of such f enci ng, may be caused wi t hout f oul pl ay; and i f A, whi l e pl ayi ng f ai r l y, hur t s Z, A commi t s no of f ence.
88.
Act not i nt ended t o cause deat h, done by consent i n good f ai t h f or per son' s benef i t .
88. Act not i nt ended t o cause deat h, done by consent i n good f ai t h f or per son' s benef i t . - - Not hi ng, whi ch i s not i nt ent ed t o cause deat h, i s an of f ence by r eason of any har mwhi ch i t may cause, or be i nt ended by t he doer t o cause, or be known by t he doer t o be l i kel y t o cause, t o any per son f or whose benef i t i t i s done i n good f ai t h, and who has gi ven a consent , whet her expr ess or i mpl i ed t o suf f er t hat har m, or t o t ake t he r i sk of t hat har m.
I l l ust r at i on
A, a sur geon, knowi ng t hat a par t i cul ar oper at i on i s l i kel y t o cause t he deat h of Z, who suf f er s under t he pai nf ul compl ai nt , but not i nt endi ng t o cause Z' s deat h, and i nt endi ng, i n good f ai t h, Z' s benef i t , per f or ms t hat oper at i on on Z, wi t h Z' s consent . A has commi t t ed no of f ence.
89.
Act done i n good f ai t h f or benef i t of chi l d or i nsane per son, by or by consent of guar di an.
89. Act done i n good f ai t h f or benef i t of chi l d or i nsane per son, by or by consent of guar di an. - - Not hi ng whi ch i s done i n good f ai t h f or t he benef i t of a per son under t wel ve year s of age, or of unsound mi nd, by or by consent , ei t her expr ess or i mpl i ed, of t he guar di an or ot her per son havi ng l awf ul char ge of t hat per son, i s an of f ence by r eason of any har mwhi ch i t may cause, or be i nt ended by t he doer t o cause or be known by t he doer t o be l i kel y t o cause t o t hat per son: Pr ovi ded-
116
Pr ovi sos.
Pr ovi sos. - Fi r st . - That t hi s except i on shal l not ext end t o t he i nt ent i onal causi ng of deat h, or t o t he at t empt i ng t o cause deat h;
Secondl y. - That t hi s except i on shal l not ext end t o t he doi ng of anyt hi ng whi ch t he per son doi ng i t knows t o be l i kel y t o cause deat h, f or any pur pose ot her t han t he pr event i ng of deat h or gr i evous hur t , or t he cur i ng of any gr i evous di sease or i nf i r mi t y;
Thi r dl y. - That t hi s except i on shal l not ext end t o t he vol unt ar y causi ng of gr i evous hur t , or t o t he at t empt i ng t o cause gr i evous hur t , unl ess i t be f or t he pur pose of pr event i ng deat h or gr i evous hur t , or t he cur i ng of any gr i evous di sease or i nf i r mi t y;
Four t hl y. - That t hi s except i on shal l not ext end t o t he abet ment of any of f ence, t o t he commi t t i ng of whi ch of f ence i t woul d not ext end.
I l l ust r at i on
A, i n good f ai t h, f or hi s chi l d' s benef i t wi t hout hi s chi l d' s consent , has hi s chi l d cut f or t he st one by a sur geon knowi ng i t t o be l i kel y t hat t he oper at i on wi l l cause t he chi l d' s deat h, but not i nt endi ng t o cause t he chi l d' s deat h. A i s wi t hi n t he except i on, i n as much as hi s obj ect was t he cur e of t he chi l d.
90.
Consent known t o be gi ven under f ear or mi sconcept i on.
90. Consent known t o be gi ven under f ear or mi sconcept i on. - - A consent i s not such a consent as i s i nt ended by any sect i on of t hi s Code, i f t he consent i s gi ven by a per son under f ear of i nj ur y, or under a mi sconcept i on of f act , and i f t he per son doi ng t he act knows, or has r eason t o bel i eve, t hat t he consent was gi ven i n consequence of such f ear or mi sconcept i on; or
Consent of i nsane per son.
Consent of i nsane per son. - i f t he consent i s gi ven by a per son who, f r om unsoundness of mi nd, or i nt oxi cat i on, i s unabl e t o under st and t he nat ur e and consequence of t hat t o whi ch he gi ves hi s consent ; or
Consent of chi l d.
Consent of chi l d. - unl ess t he cont r ar y appear s f r omt he cont ext , i f t he consent i s gi ven by a per son who i s under t wel ve year s of age.
91.
Excl usi on of act s whi ch ar e of f ences i ndependent l y of har mcause.
91. Excl usi on of act s whi ch ar e of f ences i ndependent l y of har m cause. - - The except i ons i n sect i ons 87, 88 and 89 do not ext end t o act s whi ch ar e of f ences i ndependent l y of any har mwhi ch t hey may cause, or be i nt ended t o cause, or be known t o be l i kel y t o cause, t o t he per son gi vi ng t he consent , or on whose behal f t he consent i s gi ven.
I l l ust r at i on
Causi ng mi scar r i age ( unl ess caused i n good f ai t h f or t he pur pose of savi ng t he l i f e of t he woman) i s of f ence i nexpedi ent l y of any har m whi ch i t may cause or be i nt ended t o cause t o t he woman. Ther ef or e, i t i s not an of f ence " by r eason of such har m" ; and t he consent of t he woman or of her guar di an t o t he causi ng of such mi scar r i age does not j ust i f y t he act .
92.
Act done i n good f ai t h f or benef i t of a per son wi t hout consent .
92. Act done i n good f ai t h f or benef i t of a per son wi t hout consent . - Not hi ng i s an of f ence by r eason of any har mwhi ch i t may causes t o a per son f or whose benef i t i t i s done i n good f ai t h, even wi t hout t hat per son' s consent , i f t he ci r cumst ances ar e such t hat i t i s i mpossi bl e f or t hat per son t o si gni f y consent , or i f t hat per son i s i ncapabl e of gi vi ng consent , and has no guar di an or ot her per son i n l awf ul char ge of hi mf r omwhomi t i s possi bl e t o obt ai n consent i n t i me f or t he t hi ng t o be done wi t h benef i t : Pr ovi ded-
Pr ovi sos.
117
Pr ovi sos. - Fi r st . - That t hi s except i on shal l not ext end t o t he i nt ent i onal causi ng of deat h or t he at t empt i ng t o cause deat h;
Secondl y. - That t hi s except i on shal l not ext end t o t he doi ng of anyt hi ng whi ch t he per son doi ng i t knows t o be l i kel y t o cause deat h, f or any pur pose ot her t han t he pr event i ng of deat h or gr i evous hur t , or t he cur i ng of any gr i evous di sease or i nf i r mi t y;
Thi r dl y. - That t hi s except i on shal l not ext end t o t he vol unt ar y causi ng of hur t , or t o t he at t empt i ng t o cause hur t , f or any pur pose ot her t han t he pr event i ng of deat h or hur t ;
Four t hl y. - That t hi s except i on shal l not ext end t o t he abet ment of any of f ence, t o t he commi t t i ng of whi ch of f ence i t woul d not ext end.
I l l ust r at i ons
( a) Z i s t hr own f r omhi s hor se, and i s i nsensi bl e. A, a sur geon, f i nds t hat Z r equi r es t o be t r epanned. A, not i nt endi ng Z' s deat h, but i n good f ai t h, f or Z' s benef i t , per f or ms t he t r epan bef or e Z r ecover s hi s power of j udgi ng f or hi msel f . A has commi t t ed no of f ence.
( b) Z i s car r i ed of f by a t i ger . A f i r es at t he t i ger knowi ng i t t o be l i kel y t hat t he shot may ki l l Z, but not i nt endi ng t o ki l l Z, and i n good f ai t h i nt endi ng Z' s benef i t . A' s bal l gi ves Z a mor t al wound. A has commi t t ed no of f ence.
( c) A, a sur geon, sees a chi l d suf f er an acci dent whi ch i s l i kel y t o pr ove f at al unl ess an oper at i on be i mmedi at el y per f or med. Ther e i s not t i me t o appl y t o t he chi l d' s guar di an. A per f or ms t he oper at i on i n spi t e of t he ent r eat i es of t he chi l d, i nt endi ng, i n good f ai t h, t he chi l d' s benef i t . A has commi t t ed no of f ence.
( d) A i s i n a house whi ch i s on f i r e, wi t h Z, a chi l d. Peopl e bel ow hol d out a bl anket . A dr ops t he chi l d, f r om t he house- t op, knowi ng i t t o be l i kel y t hat t he f al l may ki l l t he chi l d, but not i nt endi ng t o ki l l t he chi l d, and i nt endi ng, i n good f ai t h, t he chi l d' s benef i t . Her e, even i f t he chi l d i s ki l l ed by t he f al l , A has commi t t ed no of f ence.
Expl anat i on. - Mer e pecuni ar y benef i t i s not benef i t wi t hi n t he meani ng of sect i ons 88 89 and 92.
93.
Communi cat i on made i n good f ai t h.
93. Communi cat i on made i n good f ai t h. - - No communi cat i on made i n good f ai t h i s an of f ence by r eason of any har mt o t he per son t o whom i t i s made, i f i t i s made f or t he benef i t of t hat per son.
I l l ust r at i on
A, a sur geon, i n good f ai t h, communi cat es t o a pat i ent hi s opi ni on t hat he cannot l i ve. The pat i ent di es i n consequence of t he shock. A has commi t t ed no of f ence, t hough he knew i t t o be l i kel y t hat t he communi cat i on mi ght cause t he pat i ent ' s deat h.
94.
Act t o whi ch a per son i s compel l ed by t hr eat s.
94. Act t o whi ch a per son i s compel l ed by t hr eat s. - - Except mur der , and of f ences agai nst t he St at e puni shabl e wi t h deat h, not hi ng i s an of f ence whi ch i s done by a per son who i s compel l ed t o do i t by t hr eat s, whi ch, at t he t i me of doi ng i t , r easonnabl y cause t he appr ehensi on t hat i nst ant deat h t o t hat per son wi l l ot her wi se be t he consequence: Pr ovi ded t he per son doi ng t he act di d not of hi s own accor d, or f r oma r easonabl e appr ehensi on of har mt o hi msel f shor t of i nst ant deat h, pl ace hi msel f i n t he si t uat i on by whi ch he became subj ect t o such const r ai nt .
Expl anat i on 1. - A per son who, of hi s own accor d, or by r eason of a t hr eat of bei ng beat en, j oi ns a gang of dacoi t s, knowi ng t hei r char act er , i s not ent i t l ed t o t he benef i t of t hi s except i on, on t he gr ound of hi s havi ng been compel l ed by hi s associ at es t o do anyt hi ng t hat i s an of f ence by l aw.
118
Expl ant i on 2. - A per son sei zed by a gang of dacoi t s, and f or ced, by t hr eat of i nst ant deat h, t o do a t hi ng whi ch i s an of f ence by l aw; f or exampl e, a smi t h compel l ed t o t ake hi s t ool s and t o f or ce t he door of a house f or t he dacoi t s t o ent er and pl under i t , i s ent i t l ed t o t he benef i t of t hi s except i on.
95.
Act causi ng sl i ght har m.
95. Act causi ng sl i ght har m. - - Not hi ng i s an of f ence by r eason t hat i t causes, or t hat i t i s i nt ended t o cause, or t hat i t i s known t o be l i kel y t o cause, any har m, i f t hat har mi s so sl i ght t hat no per son of or di nar y sense and t emper woul d compl ai n of such har m.
Of t he Ri ght of Pr i vat e Def ence
96.
Thi ngs done i n pr i vat e def ence.
96. Thi ngs done i n pr i vat e def ence. - - Not hi ng i s an of f ence whi ch i s done i n t he exer ci se of t he r i ght of pr i vat e def ence.
97.
Ri ght of pr i vat e def ence of t he body and of pr oper t y.
97. Ri ght of pr i vat e def ence of t he body and of pr oper t y. - - Ever y per son has a r i ght , subj ect t o t he r est r i ct i ons cont ai ned i n sect i on 99, t o def end-
Fi r st . - - Hi s own body, and t he body of any ot her per son, agai nst any of f ence af f ect i ng t he human body;
Secondl y. - - The pr oper t y, whet her movabl e or i mmovabl e, of hi msel f or of any ot her per son, agai nst any act whi ch i s an of f ence f al l i ng under t he def i nt i on of t hef t , r obber y, mi schi ef or cr i mi nal t r espass, or whi ch i s an at t empt t o commi t t hef t , r obber y, mi schi ef or cr i mi nal t r espass.
98.
Ri ght of pr i vat e def ence agai nst t he act of a per son of unsound mi nd, et c.
98. Ri ght of pr i vat e def ence agai nst t he act of a per son of unsound mi nd, et c. - - When an act whi ch woul d ot her wi se be a cer t ai n of f ence, i s not t hat of f ence, by r eason of t he yout h, t he want of mat ur i t y of under st andi ng, t he unsoundness of mi nd or t he i nt oxi cat i on of t he per son doi ng t hat act , or by r eason of any mi sconcept i on on t he par t of t hat per son, ever y per son has t he same r i ght of pr i vat e def ence agai nst t hat act whi ch he woul d have i f t he act wer e t hat of f ence.
I l l ust r at i ons
( a) Z, under t he i nf l uence of madness, at t empt s t o ki l l A; Z i s gui l t y of no of f ence. But A has t he same r i ght of pr i vat e def ence whi ch he woul d have i f Z wer e sane.
( b) A ent er s by ni ght a house whi ch he i s l egal l y ent i t l ed t o ent er . Z, i n good f ai t h, t aki ng A f or a house- br eaker , at t acks A. Her e Z, by at t acki ng A under t hi s mi sconcept i on, commi t s no of f ence. But A has t he same r i ght of pr i vat e def ence agai nst Z, whi ch he woul d have i f Z wer e not act i ng under t hat mi sconcept i on.
99.
Act s agai nst whi ch t her e i s no r i ght of pr i vat e def ence.
99. Act s agai nst whi ch t her e i s no r i ght of pr i vat e def ence. - - Ther e i s no r i ght of pr i vat e def ence agai nst an act whi ch does not r easonabl y cause t he appr ehensi on of deat h or of gr i evous hur t , i f done, or at t empt ed t o be done, by a publ i c ser vant act i ng i n good f ai t h under col our of hi s of f i ce, t hough t hat act may not be st r i ct l y j ust i f i abl e by l aw.
Ther e i s no r i ght of pr i vat e def ence agai nst an act whi ch does not r easonabl y cause t he appr ehensi on of deat h or of gr i evous hur t , i f done, or at t empt ed t o be done, by t he di r ect i on of a publ i c ser vant act i ng i n good f ai t h under col our of hi s of f i ce t hough t hat di r ect i on may not be st r i ct l y j ust i f i abl e by l aw.
Ther e i s no r i ght of pr i vat e def ence i n cases i n whi ch t her e i s t i me t o have r ecour se t o pr ot ect i on of t he publ i c aut hor i t i es.
Ext ent t o whi ch t he r i ght may be exer ci sed.
Ext ent t o whi ch t he r i ght may be exer ci sed. - - The r i ght of pr i vat e def ence i n no case ext ends t o t he i nf l i ct i ng of mor e har mt han i t i s necessar y t o i nf l i ct f or t he pur pose of def ence.
119
Expl anat i on 1. - A per son i s not depr i ved of t he r i ght of pr i vat e def ence agai nst an act done, or at t empt ed t o be done, by a publ i c ser vant , as such, unl ess he knows or has r eason t o bel i eve, t hat t he per son doi ng t he act i s such publ i c ser vant .
Expl anat i on 2. - A per son i s not depr i ved of t he r i ght of pr i vat e def ence agai nst an act done, or at t empt ed t o be done, by t he di r ect i on of a publ i c ser vant , unl ess he knows, or has r eason t o bel i eve, t hat t he per son doi ng t he act i s act i ng by such di r ect i on, or unl ess such per son st at es t he aut hor i t y under whi ch he act s, or i f he has aut hor i t y i n wr i t i ng, unl ess he pr oduces such aut hor i t y, i f demanded.
100.
When t he r i ght of pr i vat e def ence of t he body ext ends t o causi ng deat h.
100. When t he r i ght of pr i vat e def ence of t he body ext ends t o causi ng deat h. - - The r i ght of pr i vat e def ence of t he body ext ends, under t he r est r i ct i ons ment i oned i n t he l ast pr ecedi ng sect i on, t o t he vol unt ar y causi ng of deat h or of any ot her har mt o t he assai l ant , i f t he of f ence whi ch occasi ons t he exer ci se of t he r i ght be of any of t he descr i pt i ons her ei naf t er enumer at ed, namel y: -
Fi r st . - Such an assaul t as may r easonabl y cause t he appr ehensi on t hat deat h wi l l ot her wi se be t he consequence of such assaul t ;
Secondl y. - Such an assaul t as may r easonabl y cause t he appr ehensi on t hat gr i evous hur t wi l l ot her wi se be t he consequence of such assaul t ;
Thi r dl y. - An assaul t wi t h t he i nt ent i on of commi t t i ng r ape;
Four t hl y. - An assaul t wi t h t he i nt ent i on of gr at i f yi ng unnat ur al l ust ;
Fi f t hl y. - An assaul t wi t h t he i nt ent i on of ki dnappi ng or abduct i ng;
Si xt hl y. - An assaul t wi t h t he i nt ent i on of wr ongf ul l y conf i ni ng a per son, under ci r cumst ances whi ch may r easonabl y cause hi mt o appr ehend t hat he wi l l be unabl e t o have r ecour se t o t he publ i c aut hor i t i es f or hi s r el ease.
101.
When such r i ght ext ends t o causi ng any har mot her t han deat h.
101. When such r i ght ext ends t o causi ng any har m ot her t han deat h. - - I f t he of f ence be not of any of t he descr i pt i ons enumer at ed i n t he l ast pr ecedi ng sect i on, t he r i ght of pr i vat e def ence of t he body does not ext end t o t he vol unt ar y causi ng of deat h t o t he assai l ant , but does ext end, under t he r est r i ct i ons ment i oned i n sect i on 99, t o t he vol unt ar y causi ng t o t he assai l ant of any har mot her t han deat h.
102.
Commencement and cont i nuance of t he r i ght of pr i vat e def ence of t he body.
102. Commencement and cont i nuance of t he r i ght of pr i vat e def ence of t he body. - - The r i ght of pr i vat e def ence of t he body commences as soon as a r easonabl e appr ehensi on of danger t o t he body ar i ses f r oman at t empt or t hr eat t o commi t t he of f ence t hough t he of f ence may not have been commi t t ed; and i t cont i nues as l ong as such appr ehensi on of danger t o t he body cont i nues.
103.
When t he r i ght of pr i vat e def ence of pr oper t y ext ends t o causi ng deat h.
103. When t he r i ght of pr i vat e def ence of pr oper t y ext ends t o causi ng deat h. - - The r i ght of pr i vat e def ence of pr oper t y ext ends, under t he r est r i ct i ons ment i oned i n sect i on 99, t o t he vol unt ar y causi ng of deat h or of any ot her har m t o t he wr ong- doer , i f t he of f ence, t he commi t t i ng of whi ch, or t he at t empt i ng t o commi t whi ch, occasi ons t he exer ci se of t he r i ght , be an of f ence of any of t he descr i pt i ons her ei naf t er enumer at ed, namel y: -
Fi r st . - Robber y;
Secondl y. - House- br eaki ng by ni ght ;
Thi r dl y. - Mi schi ef by f i r e commi t t ed on any bui l di ng, t ent or vessel , whi ch bui l di ng, t ent or vessel i s used as a human dwel l i ng, or as a pl ace f or t he cust ody of pr oper t y;
Four t hl y. - Thef t , mi schi ef , or house- t r espass, under such ci r cumst ances as may r easonabl y cause appr ehensi on t hat deat h or gr i evous hur t wi l l be t he consequence, i f such r i ght of pr i vat e def ence i s not exer ci sed.
120
104.
When such r i ght t o causi ng any har mot her t han deat h.
104. When such r i ght t o causi ng any har mot her t han deat h. - - I f t he of f ence, t he commi t t i ng of whi ch, or t he at t empt i ng t o commi t whi ch occasi ons t he exer ci se of t he r i ght of pr i vat e def ence, be t hef t , mi schi ef , or cr i mi nal t r espass, not of any of t he descr i pt i ons enumer at ed i n t he l ast pr ecedi ng sect i on, t hat r i ght does not ext end t o t he vol unt ar y causi ng of deat h, but does ext end, subj ect t o t he r est r i ct i ons ment i oned i n sect i on 99, t o t he vol unt ar y causi ng t o t he wr ong- doer of any har mot her t han deat h.
105.
Commencement and cont i nuance of t he r i ght of pr i vat e def ence of pr oper t y.
105. Commencement and cont i nuance of t he r i ght of pr i vat e def ence of pr oper t y. - - The r i ght of pr i vat e def ence of pr oper t y commences when a r easonabl e appr ehensi on of danger t o t he pr oper t y commences.
The r i ght of pr i vat e def ence of pr oper t y agai nst t hef t cont i nues t i l l t he of f ender has ef f ect ed hi s r et r eat wi t h t he pr oper t y or ei t her t he assi st ance of t he publ i c aut hor i t i es i s obt ai ned, or t he pr oper t y has been r ecover ed.
The r i ght of pr i vat e def ence of pr oper t y agai nst r obber y cont i nues as l ong as t he of f ender causes or at t empt s t o cause t o any per son deat h or hur t or wr ongf ul r est r ai nt or as l ong as t he f ear of i nst ant deat h or of i nst ant hur t or of i nst ant per sonal r est r ai nt cont i nues.
The r i ght of pr i vat e def ence of pr oper t y agai nst cr i mi nal t r espass or mi schi ef cont i nues as l ong as t he of f ender cont i nues i n t he commi ssi on of cr i mi nal t r espass or mi schi ef .
The r i ght of pr i vat e def ence of pr oper t y agai nst house- br eaki ng by ni ght cont i nues as l ong as t he house- t r espass whi ch has been begun by such house- br eaki ng cont i nues.
106.
Ri ght of pr i vat e def ence agai nst deadl y assaul t when t her e i s r i sk of har mt o i nnocent per son.
106. Ri ght of pr i vat e def ence agai nst deadl y assaul t when t her e i s r i sk of har m t o i nnocent per son. - - I f i n t he exer ci se of t he r i ght of pr i vat e def ence agai nst an assaul t whi ch r easonabl y causes t he appr ehensi on of deat h, t he def ender be so si t uat ed t hat he cannot ef f ect ual l y exer ci se t hat r i ght wi t hout r i sk of har mt o an i nnocent per son, hi s r i ght of pr i vat e def ence ext ends t o t he r unni ng of t hat r i sk.
I l l ust r at i on
A i s at t acked by a mob who at t empt t o mur der hi m. He cannot ef f ect ual l y exer ci se hi s r i ght of pr i vat e def ence wi t hout f i r i ng on t he mob, and he cannot f i r e wi t hout r i sk of har mi ng young chi l dr en who ar e mi ngl ed wi t h t he mob. A commi t s no of f ence i f by so f i r i ng he har ms any of t he chi l dr en.
CHAPTER V
OF ABETMENT
CHAPTER V
OF ABETMENT
107.
Abet ment of a t hi ng.
107. Abet ment of a t hi ng. - - A per son abet s t he doi ng of a t hi ng, who-
Fi r st . - I nst i gat es any per son t o do t hat t hi ng; or
Secondl y. - Engages wi t h one or mor e ot her per son or per sons i n any conspi r acy f or t he doi ng of t hat t hi ng, i f an act or i l l egal omi ssi on t akes pl ace i n pur suance of t hat conspi r acy, and i n or der t o t he doi ng of t hat t hi ng; or
Thi r dl y. - I nt ent i onal l y ai ds, by any act or i l l egal omi ssi on, t he doi ng of t hat t hi ng.
Expl anat i on 1. - A per son who, by wi l f ul mi sr epr esent at i on, or by wi l f ul conceal ment of a mat er i al f act whi ch he i s bound t o di scl ose, vol unt ar i l y causes or pr ocur es, or at t empt s t o cause or pr ocur e, a t hi ng t o be done, i s sai d t o i nst i gat e t he doi ng of t hat t hi ng.
I l l ust r at i on
A, a publ i c of f i cer , i s aut hor i zed by a war r ant f r oma Cour t of J ust i ce t o appr ehend Z, B, knowi ng t hat f act and al so t hat C i s not Z, wi l f ul l y r epr esent s t o A t hat C i s Z, and t her eby i nt ent i onal l y causes A t o appr ehend C. Her e B abet s by i nst i gat i on t he appr ehensi on of C.
121
Expl anat i on 2. - Whoever , ei t her pr i or t o or at t he t i me of t he commi ssi on of an act , does anyt hi ng i n or der t o f aci l i t at e t he commi ssi on of t hat act , and t her eby f aci l i t at es t he commi ssi on t her eof , i s sai d t o ai d t he doi ng of t hat act .
108.
Abet t or .
108. Abet t or . - - A per son abet s an of f ence, who abet s ei t her t he commi ssi on of an of f ence, or t he commi ssi on of an act whi ch woul d be an of f ence, i f commi t t ed by a per son capabl e by l aw of commi t t i ng an of f ence wi t h t he same i nt ent i on or knowl edge as t hat of t he abet t or .
Expl anat i on 1. - The abet ment of t he i l l egal omi ssi on of an act may amount t o an of f ence al t hough t he abet t or may not hi msel f be bound t o do t hat act .
Expl anat i on 2. - To const i t ut e t he of f ence of abet ment i t i s not necessar y t hat t he act abet t ed shoul d be commi t t ed, or t hat t he ef f ect r equi si t e t o const i t ut e t he of f ence shoul d be caused.
I l l ust r at i ons
( a) A i nst i gat es B t o mur der C. B r ef uses t o do so. A i s gui l t y of abet t i ng B t o commi t mur der .
( b) A i nst i gat es B t o mur der D. B i n pur suance of t he i nst i gat i on st abs D. D r ecover s f r omt he wound. A i s gui l t y of i nst i gat i ng B t o commi t mur der .
Expl anat i on 3. - I t i s not necessar y t hat t he per son abet t ed shoul d be capabl e by l aw of commi t t i ng an of f ence, or t hat he shoul d have t he same gui l t y i nt ent i on or knowl edge as t hat of t he abet t or , or any gui l t y i nt ent i on or knowl edge.
I l l ust r at i ons
( a) A, wi t h a gui l t y i nt ent i on, abet s a chi l d or a l unat i c t o commi t an act whi ch woul d be an of f ence, i f commi t t ed by a per son capabl e by l aw of commi t t i ng an of f ence, and havi ng t he same i nt ent i on as A. Her e A, whet her t he act be commi t t ed or not , i s gui l t y of abet t i ng an of f ence.
( b) A, wi t h t he i nt ent i on of mur der i ng Z, i nst i gat es B, a chi l d under seven year s of age, t o do an act whi ch causes Z' s deat h. B, i n consequence of t he abet ment , does t he act i n t he absence of A and t her eby causes Z' s deat h. Her e, t hough B was not capabl e by l aw of commi t t i ng an of f ence, A i s l i abl e t o be puni shed i n t he same manner as i f B had been capabl e by l aw of commi t t i ng an of f ence, and had commi t t ed mur der , and he i s t her ef or e subj ect t o t he puni shment of deat h.
( c) A i nst i gat es B t o set f i r e t o a dwel l i ng- house. B, i n consequence of t he unsoundness of hi s mi nd, bei ng i ncapabl e of knowi ng t he nat ur e of t he act , or t hat he i s doi ng what i s wr ong or cont r ar y t o l aw, set s f i r e t o t he house i n consequence of A' s i nst i gat i on. B has commi t t ed no of f ence, but A i s gui l t y of abet t i ng t he of f ence of set t i ng f i r e t o a dwel l i ng- house, and i s l i abl e t o t he puni shment pr ovi ded f or t hat of f ence.
( d) A, i nt endi ng t o cause a t hef t t o be commi t t ed, i nst i gat es B t o t ake pr oper t y bel ongi ng t o Z out of Z' s possessi on. A i nduces B t o bel i eve t hat t he pr oper t y bel ongs t o A. B t akes t he pr oper t y out of Z' s possessi on, i n good f ai t h, bel i evi ng i t t o be A' s pr oper t y. B, act i ng under t hi s mi sconcept i on, does not t ake di shonest l y, and t her ef or e does not commi t t hef t . But A i s gui l t y of abet t i ng t hef t , and i s l i abl e t o t he same puni shment as i f B had commi t t ed t hef t .
Expl anat i on 4. - The abet ment of an of f ence bei ng an of f ence, t he abet ment of such an abet ment i s al so an of f ence.
I l l ust r at i on
A i nst i gat es B t o i nst i gat e C t o mur der Z. B accor di ngl y i nst i gat es C t o mur der Z, and C commi t s t hat of f ence i n consequence of B' s i nst i gat i on. B i s l i abl e t o be puni shed f or hi s of f ence wi t h t he puni shment f or mur der ; and, as A i nst i gat ed B t o commi t t he of f ence, A i s al so l i abl e t o t he same puni shment .
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Expl anat i on 5. - I t i s not necessar y t o t he commi ssi on of t he of f ence of abet ment by conspi r acy t hat t he abet t or shoul d concer t t he of f ence wi t h t he per son who commi t s i t . I t i s suf f i ci ent i f he engages i n t he conspi r acy i n pur suance of whi ch t he of f ence i s commi t t ed.
I l l ust r at i on
A concer t s wi t h B a pl an f or poi soni ng Z. I t i s agr eed t hat A shal l admi ni st er t he poi son. B t hen expl ai ns t he pl an t o C ment i oni ng t hat a t hi r d per son i s t o admi ni st er t he poi son, but wi t hout ment i oni ng A' s name. C agr ees t o pr ocur e t he poi son, and pr ocur es and del i ver s i t t o B f or t he pur pose of i t s bei ng used i n t he manner expl ai ned. A admi ni st er s t he poi son; Z di es i n consequence. Her e, t hough A and C have not conspi r ed t oget her , yet C has been engaged i n t he conspi r acy i n pur suance of whi ch Z has been mur der ed. C has t her ef or e commi t t ed t he of f ence def i ned i n t hi s sect i on and i s l i abl e t o t he puni shment f or mur der .
108A.
Abet ment i n I ndi a of of f ences out si de I ndi a.
1*[ 108A. Abet ment i n I ndi a of of f ences out si de I ndi a. - - A per son abet s an of f ence wi t hi n t he meani ng of t hi s Code who, i n 2*[ I ndi a] , abet s t he commi ssi on of any act wi t hout and beyond 2*[ I ndi a] whi ch woul d const i t ut e an of f ence i f commi t t ed i n 2*[ I ndi a] .
I l l ust r at i on
A, i n 2*[ I ndi a] , i nst i gat es B, a f or ei gner i n Goa, t o commi t a mur der i n Goa, A i s gui l t y of abet t i ng mur der . ]
109.
Puni shment of abet ment i f t he act abet t ed i s commi t t ed i n consequence and wher e no expr ess pr ovi si on i s made f or i t s puni shment .
109. Puni shment of abet ment i f t he act abet t ed i s commi t t ed i n consequence and wher e no expr ess pr ovi si on i s made f or i t s puni shment . - - Whoever abet s any of f ence shal l , i f t he act abet t ed i s commi t t ed i n consequence of t he abet ment , and no expr ess pr ovi si on i s made by t hi s Code f or t he puni shment of such abet ment , be puni shed wi t h t he puni shment pr ovi ded f or t he of f ence.
Expl anat i on. - An act or of f ence i s sai d t o be commi t t ed i n consequence of abet ment , when i t i s commi t t ed i n consequence of t he i nst i gat i on, or i n pur suance of t he conspi r acy, or wi t h t he ai d whi ch const i t ut es t he abet ment .
I l l ust r at i ons
( a) A of f er s a br i be t o B, a publ i c ser vant , as a r ewar d f or showi ng A some f avour i n t he exer ci se of B' s of f i ci al f unct i ons. B accept s t he br i be. A has abet t ed t he of f ence def i ned i n sect i on 161.
( b) A i nst i gat es B t o gi ve f al se evi dence. B, i n consequence of t he i nst i gat i on, commi t s t hat of f ence. A i s gui l t y of abet t i ng t hat of f ence, and i s l i abl e t o t he same puni shment as B.
( c) A and B conspi r e t o poi son Z. A, i n pur suance of t he conspi r acy, pr ocur es t he poi son and del i ver s i t t o B i n or der t hat he may admi ni st er i t t o Z. B, i n pur suance of t he conspi r acy, admi ni st er s t he poi son t o Z i n A' s absence and t her eby causes Z' s deat h. Her e B i s gui l t y of mur der . A i s gui l t y of abet t i ng t hat of f ence by conspi r acy, and i s l i abl e t o t he puni shment f or mur der .
110.
Puni shment of abet ment i f per son abet t ed does act wi t h di f f er ent i nt ent i on f r omt hat of abet t or .
110. Puni shment of abet ment i f per son abet t ed does act wi t h di f f er ent i nt ent i on f r om t hat of abet t or . - - Whoever abet s t he commi ssi on of an of f ence shal l , i f t he per son abet t ed does t he act wi t h a di f f er ent i nt ent i on or knowl edge f r omt hat of t he abet t or , be puni shed wi t h t he puni shment pr ovi ded f or t he of f ence whi ch woul d have been commi t t ed i f t he act had been done wi t h t he i nt ent i on or knowl edge of t he abet t or and wi t h no ot her . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1. Added by Act 4 of 1898, s. 3.
2. Subs. by Act 3 of 1951, s, 3 and Sch. , f or " t he St at es" .
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111.
Li abi l i t y of abet t or when one act abet t ed and di f f er ent act done.
111. Li abi l i t y of abet t or when one act abet t ed and di f f er ent act done. - - When an Act i s abet t ed and a di f f er ent act i s done, t he abet t or i s l i abl e f or t he act done, i n t he same manner and t o t he same ext ent as i f he had di r ect l y abet t ed i t :
Pr ovi so.
Pr ovi so. - - Pr ovi ded t he act done was a pr obabl e consequence of t he abet ment , and was commi t t ed under t he i nf l uence of t he i nst i gat i on, or wi t h t he ai d or i n pur suance of t he conspi r acy whi ch const i t ut ed t he abet ment .
I l l ust r at i ons
( a) A i nst i gat es a chi l d t o put poi son i nt o t he f ood of Z, and gi ves hi m poi son f or t hat pur pose. The chi l d, i n consequence of t he i nst i gat i on, by mi st ake put s t he poi son i nt o t he f ood of Y, whi ch i s by t he si de of t hat of Z. Her e i f t he chi l d was act i ng under t he i nf l uence of A' s i nst i gat i on, and t he act done was under t he ci r cumst ances a pr obabl e consequence of t he abet ment , A i s l i abl e i n t he same manner and t o t he same ext ent as i f he had i nst i gat ed t he chi l d t o put t he poi son i nt o t he f ood of Y.
( b) A i nst i gat es B t o bur n Z' s house. B set s f i r e t o t he house and at t he same t i me commi t s t hef t of pr oper t y t her e. A, t hough gui l t y of abet t i ng t he bur ni ng of t he house, i s not gui l t y of abet t i ng t he t hef t ; f or t he t hef t was a di st i nct act , and not a pr obabl e consequence of t he bur ni ng.
( c) A i nst i gat es B and C t o br eak i nt o an i nhabi t ed house at mi dni ght f or t he pur pose of r obber y, and pr ovi des t hemwi t h ar ms f or t hat pur pose. B and C br eak i nt o t he house, and bei ng r esi st ed by Z, one of t he i nmat es, mur der Z. Her e, i f t hat mur der was t he pr obabl e consequence of t he abet ment , A i s l i abl e t o t he puni shment pr ovi ded f or mur der .
112.
Abet t or when l i abl e t o cumul at i ve puni shment f or act abet t ed and f or act done.
112. Abet t or when l i abl e t o cumul at i ve puni shment f or act abet t ed and f or act done. - - I f t he act f or whi ch t he abet t or i s l i abl e under t he l ast pr ecedi ng sect i on i s commi t t ed i n addi t i on t o t he act abet t ed, and const i t ut e a di st i nct of f ence, t he abet t or i s l i abl e t o puni shment f or each of t he of f ences.
I l l ust r at i on
A i nst i gat es B t o r esi st by f or ce a di st r ess made by a publ i c ser vant . B, i n consequence r esi st s t hat di st r ess. I n of f er i ng t he r esi st ance, B vol unt ar i l y causes gr i evous hur t t o t he of f i cer execut i ng t he di st r ess. As B has commi t t ed bot h t he of f ence of r esi st i ng t he di st r ess, and t he of f ence of vol unt ar i l y causi ng gr i evous hur t , B i s l i abl e t o puni shment f or bot h t hese of f ences; and, i f A knew t hat B was l i kel y vol unt ar i l y t o cause gr i evous hur t i n r esi st i ng t he di st r ess A wi l l al so be l i abl e t o puni shment f or each of t he of f ences.
113.
Li abi l i t y of abet t or f or an ef f ect caused by t he act abet t ed di f f er ent f r omt hat i nt ended by t he abet t or .
113. Li abi l i t y of abet t or f or an ef f ect caused by t he act abet t ed di f f er ent f r om t hat i nt ended by t he abet t or . - - When an act i s abet t ed wi t h t he i nt ent i on on t he par t of t he abet t or of causi ng a par t i cul ar ef f ect , and an act f or whi ch t he abet t or i s l i abl e i n consequence of t he abet ment , causes a di f f er ent ef f ect f r omt hat i nt ended by t he abet t or , t he abet t or i s l i abl e f or t he ef f ect caused, i n t he same manner and t o t he same ext ent as i f he had abet t ed t he act wi t h t he i nt ent i on of causi ng t hat ef f ect , pr ovi ded he knew t hat t he act abet t ed was l i kel y t o cause t hat ef f ect .
I l l ust r at i on
A i nst i gat es B t o cause gr i evous hur t t o Z. B, i n consequence of t he i nst i gat i on, causes gr i evous hur t t o Z. Z di es i n consequence. Her e, i f A knew t hat t he gr i evous hur t abet t ed was l i kel y t o cause deat h, A i s l i abl e t o be puni shed wi t h t he puni shment pr ovi ded f or mur der .
114.
Abet t or pr esent when of f ence i s commi t t ed.
114. Abet t or pr esent when of f ence i s commi t t ed. - - Whenever any per son who i f absent woul d be l i abl e t o be puni shed as an abet t or , i s pr esent when t he act or of f ence f or whi ch he woul d be puni shabl e i n consequence of t he abet ment i s commi t t ed, he shal l be deemed t o have commi t t ed such act or of f ence.
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115.
Abet ment of of f ence puni shabl e wi t h deat h or i mpr i sonment f or l i f e- i f of f ence i s not commi t t ed.
115. Abet ment of of f ence puni shabl e wi t h deat h or i mpr i sonment f or l i f e- - i f of f ence not commi t t ed. - Whoever abet s t he commi ssi on of an of f ence puni shabl e wi t h deat h or 1*[ i mpr i sonment f or l i f e] , shal l , i f t hat of f ence be not commi t t ed i n consequence of t he abet ment , and no expr ess pr ovi si on i s made by t hi s Code f or t he puni shment of such abet ment , be puni shed wi t h i mpr i sonment of ei t her descr i pt i on f or a t er mwhi ch may ext end t o seven year s, and shal l al so be l i abl e t o f i ne:
i f act causi ng har mbe done i n consequence.
i f act causi ng har m be done i n consequence. - - and i f any act f or whi ch t he abet t or i s l i abl e i n consequence of t he abet ment , and whi ch causes hur t t o any per son, i s done, t he abet t or shal l be l i abl e t o i mpr i sonment of ei t her descr i pt i on f or a t er mwhi ch may ext end t o f our t een year s, and shal l al so be l i abl e t o f i ne.
I l l ust r at i on
A i nst i gat es B t o mur der Z. The of f ence i s not commi t t ed. I f B had mur der ed Z, he woul d have been subj ect t o t he puni shment of deat h or 1*[ i mpr i sonment f or l i f e] . Ther ef or e A i s l i abl e t o i mpr i sonment f or a t er mwhi ch may ext end t o seven year s and al so t o a f i ne; and, i f any hur t be done t o Z i n consequence of t he abet ment , he wi l l be l i abl e t o i mpr i sonment f or a t er mwhi ch may ext end t o f our t een year s, and t o f i ne.
116.
Abet ment of of f ence puni shabl e wi t h i mpr i sonment - - i f of f ence be not commi t t ed.
116. Abet ment of of f ence puni shabl e wi t h i mpr i sonment - - i f of f ence be not commi t t ed. - - Whoever abet s an of f ence puni shabl e wi t h i mpr i sonment shal l , i f t hat of f ence be not commi t t ed i n consequence of t he abet ment , and no expr ess pr ovi si on i s made by t hi s Code f or t he puni shment of such abet ment , be puni shed wi t h i mpr i sonment of any descr i pt i on pr ovi ded f or t hat of f ence f or a t er mwhi ch may ext end t o one- f our t h par t of t he l ongest t er mpr ovi ded f or t hat of f ence; or wi t h such f i ne as i s pr ovi ded f or t hat of f ence, or wi t h bot h;
i f abet t or or per son abet t ed be a publ i c ser vant whose dut y i t i s t o pr event of f ence.
i f abet t or or per son abet t ed be a publ i c ser vant whose dut y i t i s t o pr event of f ence. - - and i f t he abet t or or t he per son abet t ed i s a publ i c ser vant , whose dut y i t i s t o pr event t he commi ssi on of such of f ence, t he abet t or shal l be puni shed wi t h i mpr i sonment of any descr i pt i on pr ovi ded f or t hat of f ence, f or a t er mwhi ch may ext end t o one- hal f of t he l ongest t er mpr ovi ded f or t hat of f ence, or wi t h such f i ne as i s pr ovi ded f or t he of f ence, or wi t h bot h.
I l l ust r at i ons
( a) A of f er s a br i be t o B, a publ i c ser vant , as a r ewar d f or showi ng. A some f avour i n t he exer ci se of B' s of f i ci al f unct i ons. B r ef uses t o accept t he br i be. A i s puni shabl e under t hi s sect i on.
( b) A i nst i gat es B t o gi ve f al se evi dence. Her e, i f B does not gi ve f al se evi dence, A has never t hel ess commi t t ed t he of f ence def i ned i n t hi s sect i on, and i s puni shabl e accor di ngl y.
( c) A, a pol i ce- of f i cer , whose dut y i t i s t o pr event r obber y, abet s t he commi ssi on of r obber y. Her e, t hough t he r obber y be not commi t t ed, A i s l i abl e t o one- hal f of t he l ongest t er mof i mpr i sonment pr ovi ded f or t hat of f ence, and al so t o f i ne.
( d) B abet s t he commi ssi on of a r obber y by A, a pol i ce- of f i cer , whose dut y i t i s t o pr event t hat of f ence. Her e t hough t he r obber y be not commi t t ed, B i s l i abl e t o one- hal f of t he l ongest t er m of i mpr i sonment pr ovi ded f or t he of f ence of r obber y, and al so t o f i ne.
117.
Abet t i ng commi ssi on of of f ence by t he publ i c or by mor e t han t en per sons.
117. Abet t i ng commi ssi on of of f ence by t he publ i c or by mor e t han t en per sons. - - Whoever abet s t he commi ssi on of an of f ence by t he publ i c gener al l y or by any number or cl ass of per sons exceedi ng t en, shal l be puni shed wi t h i mpr i sonment of ei t her descr i pt i on f or a t er mwhi ch may ext end t o t hr ee year s, or wi t h f i ne, or wi t h bot h. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1. Subs. by Act 26 of 1955, s. 117 and Sch. , f or " t r anspor t at i on f or l i f e" . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
125
I l l ust r at i on
A af f i xes i n a publ i c pl ace a pl acar d i nst i gat i ng a sect consi st i ng of mor e t han t en member s t o meet at a cer t ai n t i me and pl ace, f or t he pur pose of at t acki ng t he member s of an adver se sect , whi l e engaged i n a pr ocessi on. A has commi t t ed t he of f ence def i ned i n t hi s sect i on.
118.
Conceal i ng desi gn t o commi t of f ence puni shabl e wi t h deat h or i mpr i sonment f or l i f e.
118. Conceal i ng desi gn t o commi t of f ence puni shabl e wi t h deat h or i mpr i sonment f or l i f e. - - Whoever i nt endi ng t o f aci l i t at e or knowi ng i t t o be l i kel y t hat he wi l l t her eby f aci l i t at e t he commi ssi on of an of f ence puni shabl e wi t h deat h or 1*[ i mpr i sonment f or l i f e] ,
vol unt ar i l y conceal s, by any act or i l l egal omi ssi on, t he exi st ence of a desi gn t o commi t such of f ence or makes any r epr esent at i on whi ch he knows t o be f al se r espect i ng such desi gn,
i f of f ence be commi t t ed- i f of f ence be not commi t t ed.
i f of f ence be commi t t ed- i f of f ence be not commi t t ed. - - shal l , i f t hat of f ence be commi t t ed, be puni shed wi t h i mpr i sonment of ei t her descr i pt i on f or a t er m whi ch may ext end t o seven year s, or , i f t he of f ence of not commi t t ed, wi t h i mpr i sonment of ei t her descr i pt i on, f or a t er m whi ch may ext end t o t hr ee year s; and i n ei t her case shal l al so be l i abl e t o f i ne.
I l l ust r at i on
A, knowi ng t hat dacoi t y i s about t o be commi t t ed at B, f al sel y i nf or ms t he Magi st r at e t hat a dacoi t y i s about t o be commi t t ed at C, a pl ace i n an opposi t e di r ect i on, and t her eby mi sl eads t he Magi st r at e wi t h i nt ent t o f aci l i t at e t he commi ssi on of t he of f ence. The dacoi t y i s commi t t ed at B i n pur suance of t he desi gn. A i s puni shabl e under t hi s sect i on.
119.
Publ i c ser vant conceal i ng desi gn t o commi t of f ence whi ch i t i s hi s dut y t o pr event .
119. Publ i c ser vant conceal i ng desi gn t o commi t of f ence whi ch i t i s hi s dut y t o pr event . - - Whoever , bei ng a publ i c ser vant i nt endi ng t o f aci l i t at e or knowi ng i t t o be l i kel y t hat he wi l l t her eby f aci l i t at e t he commi ssi on of an of f ence whi ch i t i s hi s dut y as such publ i c ser vant t o pr event ,
vol unt ar i l y conceal s, by any act or i l l egal omi ssi on, t he exi st ence of a desi gn t o commi t such of f ence, or makes any r epr esent at i on whi ch he knows t o be f al se r espect i ng such desi gn.
i f of f ence be commi t t ed.
i f of f ence be commi t t ed. - - shal l , i f t he of f ence be commi t t ed, be puni shed wi t h i mpr i sonment of any descr i pt i on pr ovi ded f or t he of f ence, f or a t er m whi ch may ext end t o one- hal f of t he l ongest t er m of such i mpr i sonment , or wi t h such f i ne as i s pr ovi ded f or t hat of f ence, or wi t h bot h;
i f of f ence be puni shabl e wi t h deat h, et c.
i f of f ence be puni shabl e wi t h deat h, et c. - - or , i f t he of f ence be puni shabl e wi t h deat h or 1*[ i mpr i sonment f or l i f e] , wi t h i mpr i sonment of ei t her descr i pt i on f or a t er mwhi ch may ext end t o t en year s;
i f of f ence be not commi t t ed.
i f of f ence be not commi t t ed. - - or , i f t he of f ence be not commi t t ed, shal l be puni shed wi t h i mpr i sonment of any descr i pt i on pr ovi ded f or t he of f ence f or a t er mwhi ch may ext end t o one- f our t h par t of t he l ongest t er mof such i mpr i sonment or wi t h such f i ne as i s pr ovi ded f or t he of f ence, or wi t h bot h.
I l l ust r at i on
A, an of f i cer of pol i ce, bei ng l egal l y bound t o gi ve i nf or mat i on of al l desi gns t o commi t r obber y whi ch may come t o hi s knowl edge, and knowi ng t hat B desi gns t o commi t r obber y, omi t s t o gi ve such i nf or mat i on, wi t h i nt ent t o f aci l i t at e t he commi ssi on of t hat of f ence. her e A has by an i l l egal omi ssi on conceal ed t he exi st ence of B' s desi gn and i s l i abl e t o puni shment accor di ng t o t he pr ovi si on of t hi s sect i on.
120.
Conceal i ng desi gn t o commi t of f ence puni shabl e wi t h i mpr i sonment .
120. Conceal i ng desi gn t o commi t of f ence puni shabl e wi t h i mpr i sonment . - - Whoever , i nt endi ng t o f aci l i t at e or knowi ng i t t o be l i kel y t hat he wi l l t her eby f aci l i t at e t he commi ssi on of an of f ence puni shabl e wi t h i mpr i sonment ,
vol unt ar i l y conceal s, by any act or i l l egal omi ssi on, t he exi st ence of a desi gn t o commi t such of f ence, or makes any r epr esent at i on whi ch he knows t o be f al se r espect i ng such desi gn, - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1. Subs. by Act 26 of 1955, s. 117 and Sch. , f or " t r anspor t at i on f or l i f e" . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
126
i f of f ence be commi t t ed- i f of f ence be not commi t t ed.
i f of f ence be commi t t ed- i f of f ence be not commi t t ed- - shal l , i f t he of f ence be commi t t ed, be puni shed wi t h i mpr i sonment of t he descr i pt i on pr ovi ded f or t he of f ence, f or a t er mwhi ch may ext end t o one- f our t h, and, i f t he of f ence be not commi t t ed, t o one- ei ght , of t he l ongest t er m of such i mpr i sonment , or wi t h such f i ne as i s pr ovi ded f or t he of f ence, or wi t h bot h.
CHAPTER VA
CRI MI NAL CONSPI RACY
1*[ CHAPTER VA
CRI MI NAL CONSPI RACY
120A.
Def i ni t i on of cr i mi nal conspi r acy.
120A. Def i ni t i on of cr i mi nal conspi r acy. - - When t wo or mor e per sons agr ee t o do, or cause t o be done, -
( 1) an i l l egal act , or
( 2) an act whi ch i s not i l l egal by i l l egal means, such an agr eement i s desi gnat ed a cr i mi nal conspi r acy:
Pr ovi ded t hat no agr eement except an agr eement t o commi t an of f ence shal l amount t o a cr i mi nal conspi r acy unl ess some act besi des t he agr eement i s done by one or mor e par t i es t o such agr eement i n pur suance t her eof .
Expl anat i on. - I t i s i mmat er i al whet her t he i l l egal act i s t he ul t i mat e obj ect of such agr eement , or i s mer el y i nci dent al t o t hat obj ect .
120B.
Puni shment of cr i mi nal conspi r acy.
120B. Puni shment of cr i mi nal conspi r acy. - - ( 1) Whoever i s a par t y t o a cr i mi nal conspi r acy t o commi t an of f ence puni shabl e wi t h deat h, 2*[ i mpr i sonment f or l i f e] or r i gor ous i mpr i sonment f or a t er mof t wo year s or upwar ds, shal l , wher e no expr ess pr ovi si on i s made i n t hi s Code f or t he puni shment of such a conspi r acy, be puni shed i n t he same manner as i f he had abet t ed such of f ence.
( 2) Whoever i s a par t y t o a cr i mi nal conspi r acy ot her t han a cr i mi nal conspi r acy t o commi t an of f ence puni shabl e as af or esai d shal l be puni shed wi t h i mpr i sonment of ei t her descr i pt i on f or a t er mnot exceedi ng si x mont hs, or wi t h f i ne or wi t h bot h. ]
CHAPTER VI
OF OFFENCES AGAI NST THE STATE
CHAPTER VI
OF OFFENCES AGAI NST THE STATE
121.
Wagi ng, or at t empt i ng t o wage war , or abet t i ng wagi ng of war , agai nst t he Gover nment of I ndi a.
121. Wagi ng, or at t empt i ng t o wage war , or abet t i ng wagi ng of war , agai nst t he Gover nment of I ndi a. - - Whoever wages war agai nst t he 3*[ Gover nment of I ndi a] , or at t empt s t o wage such war , or abet s t he wagi ng of such war , shal l be puni shed wi t h deat h, or 4*[ i mpr i sonment f or l i f e] 5*[ and shal l al so be l i abl e t o f i ne] .
6*[ I l l ust r at i on. ]
7***A j oi ns an i nsur r ect i on agai nst t he 3*[ Gover nment of I ndi a] . A has commi t t ed t he of f ence def i ned i n t hi s sect i on.
2. Subs. by Act 26 of 1955, s. 117 and Sch. , f or " t r anspor t at i on" .
3. Subs. by t he A. O. 1950, f or " Queen" .
4. Subs. by Act of 1955 s. 117 and Sch. , f or " t r anspor t at i on f or l i f e" .
5. Subs. by Act 16 of 1921, s. 2, f or " and shal l f or f ei t al l hi s pr oper t y" .
6. Subs. by Act 36 of 1957, s. 3 and Sch. I I , f or " I l l ust r at i ons" .
7. The br acket s and l et t er " ( a) " omi t t ed by s. 3 and Sch. I I , i bi d.
8. I l l us t r at i on ( b) r ep. by t he A. O. 1950.
127
121A.
Conspi r acy t o commi t of f ences puni shabl e by sect i on 121.
1*[ 121A. Conspi r acy t o commi t of f ences puni shabl e by sect i on 121. - - Whoever wi t hi n or wi t hout 2*[ I ndi a] conspi r es t o commi t any of t he of f ences puni shabl e by sect i on 121, 3*** or conspi r es t o over awe, by means of cr i mi nal f or ce or t he show of cr i mi nal f or ce, 4*[ t he Cent r al Gover nment or any St at e Gover nment 5***] , shal l be puni shed wi t h 6*[ i mpr i sonment f or l i f e] , or wi t h i mpr i sonment of ei t her descr i pt i on whi ch may ext end t o t en year s, 7*[ and shal l al so be l i abl e t o f i ne] .
Expl anat i on. - To const i t ut e a conspi r acy under t hi s sect i on, i t i s not necessar y t hat any act or i l l egal omi ssi on shal l t ake pl ace i n pur suance t her eof . ]
122.
Col l ect i ng ar ms, et c. , wi t h i nt ent i on of wagi ng war agai nst t he Gover nment of I ndi a.
122. Col l ect i ng ar ms, et c. , wi t h i nt ent i on of wagi ng war agai nst t he Gover nment of I ndi a. - - Whoever col l ect s men, ar ms or ammuni t i on or ot her wi se pr epar es t o wage war wi t h t he i nt ent i on of ei t her wagi ng or bei ng pr epar ed t o wage war agai nst t he 8*[ Gover nment of I ndi a] , shal l be puni shed wi t h 9*[ i mpr i sonment f or l i f e] or i mpr i sonment of ei t her descr i pt i on f or a t er mnot exceedi ng t en year s, 10*[ and shal l al so be l i abl e t o f i ne] .
123.
Conceal i ng wi t h i nt ent t o f aci l i t at e desi gn t o wage war .
123. Conceal i ng wi t h i nt ent t o f aci l i t at e desi gn t o wage war . - - Whoever , by any act , or by any i l l egal omi ssi on, conceal s t he exi st ence of a desi gn t o wage war agai nst t he 8*[ Gover nment of I ndi a] , i nt endi ng by such conceal ment t o f aci l i t at e, or knowi ng i t t o be l i kel y t hat such conceal ment wi l l f aci l i t at e, t he wagi ng of such war , shal l be puni shed wi t h i mpr i sonment of ei t her descr i pt i on f or a t er mwhi ch may ext end t o t en year s, and shal l al so be l i abl e t o f i ne.
124.
Assaul t i ng Pr esi dent , Gover nor , et c. , wi t h i nt ent t o compel or r est r ai n t he exer ci se of any l awf ul power .
124. Assaul t i ng Pr esi dent , Gover nor , et c. , wi t h i nt ent t o compel or r est r ai n t he exer ci se of any l awf ul power . - - Whoever , wi t h t he i nt ent i on of i nduci ng or compel l i ng t he 11*[ Pr esi dent ] of I ndi a, or 12*[ Gover nor 13***] of any St at e, 14*** 15*** 16*** t o exer ci se or r ef r ai n f r omexer ci si ng i n any manner any of t he l awf ul power s of such 17*[ Pr esi dent or 12*[ Gover nor 13*] ,
assaul t s or wr ongf ul l y r est r ai ns, or at t empt s wr ongf ul l y t o r est r ai n, or over awes, by means of cr i mi nal f or ce or t he show of cr i mi nal f or ce, or at t empt s so t o over awe, such 17*[ Pr esi dent or 12*** [ Gover nor 13***] , - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1. S. 121A i ns. by Act 27 of 1870, s. 4.
2. Subs. by Act 3 of 1951, s. 3 and Sch. , f or " t he St at es" .
3. The wor ds " or t o depr i ve t he Queen of t he sover ei gnt y of t he Pr ovi nces or of any par t t her eof " omi t t ed by t he A. O. 1950.
4. Subs. by t he A. O. 1937, f or " t he G. of I . or any L. G. " .
5. The wor ds " or t he Govt . of Bur ma" r ep. by t he A. O. 1948.
6. Subs. by Act 26 of 1955, s. 117 and Sch. , f or " t r anspor t at i on f or l i f e or any shor t er t er m" .
7. I ns. by Act 16 of 1921, s. 3.
8. Subs. by t he A. O. 1950, f or " Queen" .
9. Subs. by Act 26 of 1955, s. 117 and Sch. , f or " t r anspor t at i on f or l i f e" .
10. Subs. by Act 16 of 1921, s. 2, f or " and shal l f or f ei t al l hi s pr oper t y" .
11. Subs. by t he A. O. 1950, f or " Gover nor Gener al " .
12. Subs. by Act 3 of 1951, s. 3 and Sch. , f or " Gover nor " .
13. The wor ds " or Raj pr amukh" omi t t ed by t he Adapt at i on of Laws ( No. 2) Or der , 1956.
14. The wor ds " or a Leut enant - Gover nor " r ep. by t he A. O. 1937.
15. The wor ds " or a Member of t he Counci l of t he Gover nor Gener al of I ndi a" r ep. by t he A. O. 1948.
16. The wor ds " or of t he Counci l of any Pr esi dency" r ep. by t he A. O. 1937.
17. The or i gi nal wor ds " Gover nor Gener al , Gover nor , Li eut enant - Gover nor or Member of Counci l " have successi vel y been amended by t he A. O. 1937, A. O. 1948 and A. O. 1950 t o r ead as above. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
128
shal l be puni shed wi t h i mpr i sonment of ei t her descr i pt i on f or a t er mwhi ch may ext end t o seven year s, and shal l al so be l i abl e t o f i ne.
124A.
Sedi t i on.
1*[ 124A. Sedi t i on. - - Whoever by wor ds, ei t her spoken or wr i t t en, or by si gns, or by vi si bl e r epr esent at i on, or ot her wi se, br i ngs or at t empt s t o br i ng i nt o hat r ed or cont empt , or exci t es or at t empt s t o exci t e di saf f ect i on t owar ds, 2***t he Gover nment est abl i shed by l aw i n 3*[ I ndi a] , a 4***shal l be puni shed wi t h 5*[ i mpr i sonment f or l i f e] , t o whi ch f i ne may be added, or wi t h i mpr i sonment whi ch may ext end t o t hr ee year s, t o whi ch f i ne may be added, or wi t h f i ne.
Expl anat i on 1. - The expr essi on " di saf f ect i on" i ncl udes di sl oyal t y and al l f eel i ngs of enmi t y.
Expl anat i on 2. - Comment s expr essi ng di sappr obat i on of t he measur es of t he Gover nment wi t h a vi ew t o obt ai n t hei r al t er at i on by l awf ul means, wi t hout exci t i ng or at t empt i ng t o exci t e hat r ed, cont empt or di saf f ect i on, do not const i t ut e an of f ence under t hi s sect i on.
Expl anat i on 3. - Comment s expr essi ng di sappr obat i on of t he admi ni st r at i ve or ot her act i on of t he Gover nment wi t hout exci t i ng or at t empt i ng t o exci t e hat r ed, cont empt or di saf f ect i on, do not const i t ut e an of f ence under t hi s sect i on. ]
125.
Wagi ng war agai nst any Asi at i c Power i n al l i ance wi t h t he Gover nment of I ndi a.
125. Wagi ng war agai nst any Asi at i c Power i n al l i ance wi t h t he Gover nment of I ndi a. - - Whoever wages war agai nst t he Gover nment of any Asi at i c Power i n al l i ance or at peace wi t h t he 6*[ Gover nment of I ndi a] or at t empt s t o wage such war , or abet s t he wagi ng of such war , shal l be puni shed wi t h 7*[ i mpr i sonment f or l i f e] , t o whi ch f i ne may be added, or wi t h i mpr i sonment of ei t her descr i pt i on f or a t er mwhi ch may ext end t o seven year s, t o whi ch f i ne may be added, or wi t h f i ne.
126.
Commi t t i ng depr edat i on on t er r i t or i es of Power at peace wi t h t he Gover nment of I ndi a.
126. Commi t t i ng depr edat i on on t er r i t or i es of Power at peace wi t h t he Gover nment of I ndi a. - - Whoever commi t s depr edat i on, or makes pr epar at i ons t o commi t depr edat i on, on t he t er r i t or i es of any Power i n al l i ance or at peace wi t h t he 6*[ Gover nment of I ndi a] , shal l be puni shed wi t h i mpr i sonment of ei t her descr i pt i on f or a t er mwhi ch may ext end t o seven year s, and shal l al so be l i abl e t o f i ne and t o f or f ei t ur e of any pr oper t y used or i nt ended t o be used i n commi t t i ng such depr edat i on, or acqui r ed by such depr edat i on.
127.
Recei vi ng pr oper t y t aken by war or depr edat i on ment i oned i n sect i ons 125 and 126.
127. Recei vi ng pr oper t y t aken by war or depr edat i on ment i oned i n sect i ons 125 and 126. - Whoever r ecei ves any pr oper t y knowi ng t he same t o have been t aken i n t he commi ssi on of any of t he of f ences ment i oned i n sect i ons 125 and 126, shal l be puni shed wi t h i mpr i sonment of ei t her descr i pt i on f or a t er mwhi ch may ext end t o seven year s, and shal l al so be l i abl e t o f i ne and t o f or f ei t ur e of t he pr oper t y so r ecei ved.
128.
Publ i c ser vant vol unt ar i l y al l owi ng pr i soner of st at e or war t o escape.
128. Publ i c ser vant vol unt ar i l y al l owi ng pr i soner of st at e or war t o escape. - - Whoever , bei ng a publ i c ser vant and havi ng t he cust ody of any St at e pr i soner or pr i soner of war , vol unt ar i l y al l ows such pr i soner t o escape f r omany pl ace i n whi ch such pr i soner i s conf i ned, shal l be puni shed wi t h 7*[ i mpr i sonment f or l i f e] , or i mpr i sonment of ei t her descr i pt i on f or a t er mwhi ch may ext end t o t en year s, and shal l al so be l i abl e t o f i ne. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1. Subs. by Act 4 of 1898, s. 4, f or t he or i gi nal s. 124A whi ch had been i ns. by Act 27 of 1870, s. 5. 2. The wor ds " Her Maj est y or " r ep. by t he A. O. 1950. The wor ds " or t he Cr own Repr esent at i ve" i ns. af t er t he wor d " Maj est y" by t he A. O. 1937 wer e r ep. by t he A. O. 1948. 3. Subs. by Act 3 of 1951, s. 3 and Sch. , f or " t he St at es" . 4. The wor ds " or Br i t i sh Bur ma" i ns. by t he A. O. 1937 r ep. by t he A. O. 1948. 5. Subs. by Act 26 of 1955, s. 117 and Sch. , f or " t r anspor t at i on f or l i f e or any shor t er t er m" . 6. Subs. by t he A. O. 1950, f or " Queen" . 7. Subs. by Act 26 of 1955, s. 117 and Sch. , f or " t r anspor t at i on f or l i f e" .
129
129.
Publ i c ser vant negl i gent l y suf f er i ng such pr i soner t o escape.
129. Publ i c ser vant negl i gent l y suf f er i ng such pr i soner t o escape. - - Whoever , bei ng a publ i c ser vant and havi ng t he cust ody of any St at e pr i soner or pr i soner of war , negl i gent l y suf f er s such pr i soner t o escape f r omany pl ace of conf i nement i n whi ch such pr i soner i s conf i ned, shal l be puni shed wi t h si mpl e i mpr i sonment f or a t er mwhi ch may ext end t o t hr ee year s, and shal l al so be l i abl e t o f i ne.
130.
Ai di ng escape of , r escui ng or har bour i ng such pr i soner .
130. Ai di ng escape of , r escui ng or har bour i ng such pr i soner . - - Whoever knowi ngl y ai ds or assi st s any St at e pr i soner or pr i soner of war i n escapi ng f r oml awf ul cust ody, or r escues or at t empt s t o r escue any such pr i soner , or har bour s or conceal s any such pr i soner who has escaped f r oml awf ul cust ody, or of f er s or at t empt s t o of f er any r esi st ance t o t he r ecapt ur e of such pr i soner shal l be puni shed wi t h 1*[ i mpr i sonment f or l i f e] , or wi t h i mpr i sonment of ei t her descr i pt i on f or a t er mwhi ch may ext end t o t en year s, and shal l al so be l i abl e t o f i ne.
Expl anat i on. - A St at e pr i soner or pr i soner of war , who i s per mi t t ed t o be at l ar ge on hi s par ol e wi t hi n cer t ai n l i mi t s i n 2*[ I ndi a] , i s sai d t o escape f r oml awf ul cust ody i f he goes beyond t he l i mi t s wi t hi n whi ch he i s al l owed t o be at l ar ge.
CHAPTER VI I
OF OFFENCES RELATI NG TO THE ARMY, [ NAVY AND AI R FORCE]
CHAPTER VI I
OF OFFENCES RELATI NG TO THE ARMY, 3*[ NAVY AND AI R FORCE]
131.
Abet t i ng mut i ny, or at t empt i ng t o seduce a sol di er , sai l or or ai r man f r omhi s dut y.
131. Abet t i ng mut i ny, or at t empt i ng t o seduce a sol di er , sai l or or ai r man f r omhi s dut y. - - Whoever abet s t he commi t t i ng of mut i ny by an of f i cer , sol di er , 4*[ sai l or or ai r man] , i n t he Ar my, 5*[ Navy or Ai r For ce] of t he 6*[ Gover nment of I ndi a] or at t empt s t o seduce any such of f i cer , sol di er , 4*[ sai l or or ai r man] f r om hi s al l egi ance or hi s dut y, shal l be puni shed wi t h 1*[ i mpr i sonment f or l i f e] , or wi t h i mpr i sonment of ei t her descr i pt i on f or a t er mwhi ch may ext end t o t en year s, and shal l al so be l i abl e t o f i ne.
7*[ Expl anat i on. - I n t hi s sect i on t he wor ds " of f i cer " , 8* [ " sol di er " , 9*[ " sai l or " ] and " ai r man" ] i ncl ude any per son subj ect t o t he 10*[ Ar my Act , 11*[ t he Ar my Act , 1950 ( 46 of 1950) ] , 9*[ t he Naval Di sci pl i ne Act , 12***t he I ndi an Navy ( Di sci pl i ne) Act , 1934 ( 34 of 1934) ] 13*[ t he Ai r For ce Act or 14*[ t he Ai r For ce Act , 1950 ( 45 of 1950) ] ] , as t he case may be] . ]
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1. Subs. by Act 26 of 1955, s. 117 and Sch. , f or " t r anspor t at i on f or l i f e" . 2. Subs. by Act 3 of 1951, s. 3 and Sch. , f or " t he St at es" . 3. Subs. by Act 10 of 1927, s. 2 and Sch. I , f or " and Navy" . 4. Subs. by s. 2 and Sch. I , i bi d. , f or " or sai l or " . 5. Subs. by s. 2 and sch. I , i bi d. , f or " or Navy" . 6. Subs. by t he A. O. 1950 f or " Queen" . 7. I ns. by Act 27 of 1870, s. 6. 8. Subs. by Act 10 of 1927, s. 2 and Sch. I , f or " and sol di er " . 9. I ns. by Act 25 of 1934, s. 2 and Sch. 10. Subs. by Act 10 of 1927, s. 2 and Sch. I , f or " Ar t i cl es of War f or t he bet t er gover nment of Her Maj est y' s Ar my, or t o t he Ar t i cl es of War cont ai ned i n Act No. 5 of 1869" . 11. Subs. by Act 3 of 1951, s. 3 and Sch. , f or " t he I ndi an Ar my Act , 1911" . 12. The wor ds " or t hat Act as modi f i ed by" wer e r ep. by t he A. O. 1950. 13. Subs. by Act 14 of 1932, s. 130 and Sch. , f or " or t he Ai r For ce Act " . 14. Subs. by Act 3 of 1951, s. 3 and Sch. , f or " t he I ndi an Ai r For ce Act , 1932" . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
130
132.
Abet ment of mut i ny, i f mut i ny i s commi t t ed i n consequence t her eof .
132. Abet ment of mut i ny, i f mut i ny i s commi t t ed i n consequence t her eof . - - Whoever abet s t he commi t t i ng of mut i ny by an of f i cer , sol di er , 1*[ sai l or or ai r man] , i n t he Ar my, 2*[ Navy or Ai r For ce] of t he 3*[ Gover nment of I ndi a] , shal l , i f mut i ny be commi t t ed i n consequence of t hat abet ment , be puni shed wi t h deat h or wi t h 4*[ i mpr i sonment f or l i f e] , or i mpr i sonment of ei t her descr i pt i on f or a t er mwhi ch may ext end t o t en year s, and shal l al so be l i abl e t o f i ne.
133.
Abet ment of assaul t by sol di er , sai l or or ai r man on hi s super i or of f i cer , when i n execut i on of hi s of f i ce.
133. Abet ment of assaul t by sol di er , sai l or or ai r man on hi s super i or of f i cer , when i n execut i on of hi s of f i ce. - - Whoever abet s an assaul t by an of f i cer , sol di er , 1*[ sai l or or ai r man] , i n t he Ar my, 2*[ Navy or Ai r For ce] of t he 3*[ Gover nment of I ndi a] , on any super i or of f i cer bei ng i n t he execut i on of hi s of f i ce, shal l be puni shed wi t h i mpr i sonment of ei t her descr i pt i on f or a t er mwhi ch may ext end t o t hr ee year s, and shal l al so be l i abl e t o f i ne.
134.
Abet ment of such assaul t , i f t he assaul t commi t t ed.
134. Abet ment of such assaul t , i f t he assaul t commi t t ed. - - Whoever abet s an assaul t by an of f i cer , sol di er , 1*[ sai l or or ai r man] , i n t he Ar my, 2*[ Navy or Ai r For ce] of t he 3*[ Gover nment of I ndi a] , on any super i or of f i cer bei ng i n t he execut i on of hi s of f i ce, shal l , i f such assaul t be commi t t ed i n consequence of t hat abet ment be puni shed wi t h i mpr i sonment of ei t her descr i pt i on f or a t er mwhi ch may ext end t o seven year s, and shal l al so be l i abl e t o f i ne.
135.
Abet ment of deser t i on of sol di er , sai l or or ai r man.
135. Abet ment of deser t i on of sol di er , sai l or or ai r man. - - Whoever , abet s t he deser t i on of any of f i cer , sol di er , 1*[ sai l or or ai r man] , i n t he Ar my, 2*[ Navy or Ai r For ce] of t he 3*[ Gover nment of I ndi a] , shal l be puni shed wi t h i mpr i sonment of ei t her descr i pt i on f or a t er mwhi ch may ext end t o t wo year s, or wi t h f i ne, or wi t h bot h.
136.
Har bour i ng deser t er .
136. Har bour i ng deser t er . - - Whoever , except as her ei naf t er except ed, knowi ng or havi ng r eason t o bel i eve t hat an of f i cer , sol di er , 1*[ sai l or or ai r man] , i n t he Ar my, 2*[ Navy or Ai r For ce] of t he 3*[ Gover nment of I ndi a] , has deser t ed, har bour s such of f i cer , sol di er , 1*[ sai l or or ai r man] , shal l be puni shed wi t h i mpr i sonment of ei t her descr i pt i on f or a t er mwhi ch may ext end t o t wo year s, or wi t h f i ne or wi t h bot h.
Except i on. - Thi s pr ovi si on does not ext end t o t he case i n whi ch t he har bour i s gi ven by a wi f e t o her husband.
137.
Deser t er conceal ed on boar d mer chant vessel t hr ough negl i gence of mast er .
137. Deser t er conceal ed on boar d mer chant vessel t hr ough negl i gence of mast er . - - The mast er or per son i n char ge of a mer chant vessel , on boar d of whi ch any deser t er f r omt he Ar my, 2*[ Navy or Ai r For ce] of t he 3*[ Gover nment of I ndi a] i s conceal ed, shal l , t hough i gnor ant of such conceal ment , be l i abl e t o a penal t y not exceedi ng f i ve hundr ed r upees, i f he mi ght have known of such conceal ment but f or some negl ect of hi s dut y as such mast er or per son i n char ge, or but f or some want of di sci pl i ne on boar d of t he vessel .
138.
Abet ment of act of i nsubor di nat i on by sol di er , sai l or or ai r man.
138. Abet ment of act of i nsubor di nat i on by sol di er , sai l or or ai r man. - Whoever abet s what he knows t o be an act of i nsubor di nat i on by an of f i cer , sol di er , 1*[ sai l or or ai r man] , i n t he Ar my, 2*[ Navy or ai r For ce] , of t he 3*[ Gover nment of I ndi a] , shal l , i f such act of i nsubor di nat i on be commi t t ed i n consequence of t hat abet ment , be puni shed wi t h i mpr i sonment of ei t her descr i pt i on f or a t er mwhi ch may ext end t o si x mont hs, or wi t h f i ne, or wi t h bot h.
138A.
[ Repeal ed. ]
138A. [ Appl i cat i on of f or egoi ng sect i ons t o t he I ndi an Mar i ne Ser vi ce. ] Rep. by t he Amendi ng Act , 1934 ( 35 of 1934) , s. 2 and Sch. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1. Subs. by Act 10 of 1927, s. 2 and Sch. I , f or " or sai l or " .
2. Subs. by s. 2 and Sch. I , i bi d. , f or " or Navy" .
3. Subs. by t he A. O. 1950, f or " Queen" .
4. Subs. by Act 26 of 1955, s. 117 and Sch. , f or " t r anspor t at i on f or l i f e" .
131
139.
Per sons subj ect t o cer t ai n Act s.
139. Per sons subj ect t o cer t ai n Act s. - - No per son subj ect t o 1* [ t he Ar my Act , 2*[ t he Ar my Act , 1950 ( 46 of 1950) ] , t he Naval Di sci pl i ne Act , 3*[ 4***t he I ndi an Navy ( Di sci pl i ne) Act , 1934 ( 34 of 1934) ] , 5*[ t he Ai r For ce Act or 6*[ t he Ai r For ce Act , 1950 ( 45 of 1950) ] ] ] , i s subj ect t o puni shment under t hi s Code f or any of t he of f ences def i ned i n t hi s Chapt er .
140.
Wear i ng gar b or car r yi ng t oken used by sol di er , sai l or or ai r man.
140. Wear i ng gar b or car r yi ng t oken used by sol di er , sai l or or ai r man. - - Whoever , not bei ng a sol di er , 7*[ sai l or or ai r man] i n t he Mi l i t ar y, 8*[ Naval or Ai r ] ser vi ce of t he 9*[ Gover nment of I ndi a] , wear s any gar b or car r i es any t oken r esembl i ng any gar b or t oken used by such a sol di er , 7*[ sai l or or ai r man] wi t h t he i nt ent i on t hat i t may be bel i eved t hat he i s such a sol di er , 7*[ sai l or or ai r man] , shal l be puni shed wi t h i mpr i sonment of ei t her descr i pt i on f or a t er mwhi ch may ext end t o t hr ee mont hs, or wi t h f i ne whi ch may ext end t o f i ve hundr ed r upees, or wi t h bot h.
CHAPTER VI I I
OF OFFENCES AGAI NST THE PUBLI C TRANQUI LLI TY
CHAPTER VI I I
OF OFFENCES AGAI NST THE PUBLI C TRANQUI LLI TY
141.
Unl awf ul assembl y.
141. Unl awf ul assembl y. - - An assembl y of f i ve or mor e per sons i s desi gnat ed an " unl awf ul assembl y" , i f t he common obj ect of t he per sons composi ng t hat assembl y i s-
Fi r st . - To over awe by cr i mi nal f or ce, or show of cr i mi nal f or ce, 10*[ t he Cent r al or any St at e Gover nment or Par l i ament or t he Legi sl at ur e of any St at e] , or any publ i c ser vant i n t he exer ci se of t he l awf ul power of such publ i c ser vant ; or
Second. - To r esi st t he execut i on of any l aw, or of any l egal pr ocess; or
Thi r d. - To commi t any mi schi ef or cr i mi nal t r espass, or ot her of f ence; or
Four t h. - By means of cr i mi nal f or ce, or show of cr i mi nal f or ce, t o any per son t o t ake or obt ai n possessi on of any pr oper t y, or t o depr i ve any per son of t he enj oyment of a r i ght of way, or of t he use of wat er or ot her i ncor por eal r i ght of whi ch he i s i n possessi on or enj oyment , or t o enf or ce any r i ght or supposed r i ght ; or
Fi f t h. - By means of cr i mi nal f or ce, or show of cr i mi nal f or ce, t o compel any per son t o do what he i s not l egal l y bound t o do, or t o omi t t o do what he i s l egal l y ent i t l ed t o do.
Expl anat i on. - An assembl y whi ch was not unl awf ul when i t assembl ed, may subsequent l y become an unl awf ul assembl y.
142.
Bei ng member of unl awf ul assembl y.
142. Bei ng member of unl awf ul assembl y. - - Whoever , bei ng awar e of f act s whi ch r ender any assembl y an unl awf ul assembl y, i nt ent i onal l y j oi ns t hat assembl y, or cont i nues i n i t , i s sai d t o be a member of an unl awf ul assembl y. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1. Subs. by Act 10 of 1927, s. 2 and Sch. I , f or " any Ar t i cl es of War f or t he Ar my or Navy of t he Queen, or f or any par t of such Ar my or Navy" .
2. Subs. by Act 3 of 1951, s. 3 and Sch. , f or " t he I ndi an Ar my Act , 1911" .
3. I ns. by Act 35 of 1934, s. 2 and Sch.
4. The wor ds " or t hat Act as modi f ed by" r ep. by t he A. O. 1950.
5, Subs. by Act 14 of 1932, s. 130 and Sch. , f or " or t he Ai r For ce Act " .
6. Subs. by Act 3 of 1951, s. 3 and Sch. , f or " t he I ndi an Ai r For ce Act , 1932" .
7. I ns. by Act 10 of 1927, s. 2 and Sch. I .
8. Subs. by s. 2 and Sch. I , i bi d. , f or " or Naval " .
9. Subs. by t he A. O. 1950, f or " Queen" .
10. Subs. , i bi d. , f or " t he Cent r al or any Pr ovi nci al Gover nment or Legi sl at ur e" . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
132
143.
Puni shment .
143. Puni shment . - - Whoever i s a member of an unl awf ul assembl y, shal l be puni shed wi t h i mpr i sonment of ei t her descr i pt i on f or a t er m whi ch may ext end t o si x mont hs, or wi t h f i ne, or wi t h bot h.
144.
J oi ni ng unl awf ul assembl y ar med wi t h deadl y weapon.
144. J oi ni ng unl awf ul assembl y ar med wi t h deadl y weapon. - - Whoever , bei ng ar med wi t h any deadl y weapon, or wi t h anyt hi ng whi ch, used as a weapon of of f ence, i s l i kel y t o cause deat h, i s a member of an unl awf ul assembl y, shal l be puni shed wi t h i mpr i sonment of ei t her descr i pt i on f or a t er mwhi ch may ext end t o t wo year s, or wi t h f i ne, or wi t h bot h.
145.
J oi ni ng or cont i nui ng i n unl awf ul assembl y, knowi ng i t has been commanded t o di sper se.
145. J oi ni ng or cont i nui ng i n unl awf ul assembl y, knowi ng i t has been commanded t o di sper se. - - Whoever j oi ns or cont i nues i n an unl awf ul assembl y, knowi ng t hat such unl awf ul assembl y has been commanded i n t he manner pr escr i bed by l aw t o di sper se, shal l be puni shed wi t h i mpr i sonment of ei t her descr i pt i on f or a t er mwhi ch may ext ent t o t wo year s, or wi t h f i ne, or wi t h bot h.
146.
Ri ot i ng.
146. Ri ot i ng. - - Whenever f or ce or vi ol ence i s used by an unl awf ul assembl y, or by any member t her eof , i n pr osecut i on of t he common obj ect of such assembl y, ever y member of such assembl y i s gui l t y of t he of f ence of r i ot i ng.
147.
Puni shment f or r i ot i ng.
147. Puni shment f or r i ot i ng. - - Whoever i s gui l t y of r i ot i ng, shal l be puni shed wi t h i mpr i sonment of ei t her descr i pt i on f or a t er mwhi ch may ext end t o t wo year s, or wi t h f i ne, or wi t h bot h.
148.
Ri ot i ng, ar med wi t h deadl y weapon.
148. Ri ot i ng, ar med wi t h deadl y weapon. - - Whoever i s gui l t y of r i ot i ng, bei ng ar med wi t h a deadl y weapon or wi t h anyt hi ng whi ch, used as a weapon of of f ence, i s l i kel y t o cause deat h, shal l be puni shed wi t h i mpr i sonment of ei t her descr i pt i on f or a t er mwhi ch may ext end t o t hr ee year s, or wi t h f i ne, or wi t h bot h.
149.
Ever y member of unl awf ul assembl y gui l t y of of f ence commi t t ed i n pr osecut i on of common obj ect .
149. Ever y member of unl awf ul assembl y gui l t y of of f ence commi t t ed i n pr osecut i on of common obj ect . - - I f an of f ence i s commi t t ed by any member of an unl awf ul assembl y i n pr osecut i on of t he common obj ect of t hat assembl y, or such as t he member s of t hat assembl y knew t o be l i kel y t o be commi t t ed i n pr osecut i on of t hat obj ect , ever y per son who, at t he t i me of t he commi t t i ng of t hat of f ence, i s a member of t he same assembl y, i s gui l t y of t hat of f ence.
150.
Hi r i ng, or conni vi ng at hi r i ng, of per sons t o j oi n unl awf ul assembl y.
150. Hi r i ng, or conni vi ng at hi r i ng, of per sons t o j oi n unl awf ul assembl y. - - Whoever hi r es or engages, or empl oyes, or pr omot es, or conni ves at t he hi r i ng, engagement or empl oyment of any per son t o j oi n or become a member of any unl awf ul assembl y, shal l be puni shabl e as a member of such unl awf ul assembl y, and f or any of f ence whi ch may be commi t t ed by any such per son as a member of such unl awf ul assembl y i n pur suance of such hi r i ng, engagement or empl oyment , i n t he same manner as i f he had been a member of such unl awf ul assembl y, or hi msel f had commi t t ed such of f ence.
151.
Knowi ngl y j oi ni ng or cont i nui ng i n assembl y of f i ve or mor e per sons af t er i t has been commanded t o di sper se.
151. Knowi ngl y j oi ni ng or cont i nui ng i n assembl y of f i ve or mor e per sons af t er i t has been commanded t o di sper se. - - Whoever knowi ngl y j oi ns or cont i nues i n any assembl y of f i ve or mor e per sons l i kel y t o cause a di st ur bance of t he publ i c peace, af t er such assembl y has been l awf ul l y commanded t o di sper se, shal l be puni shed wi t h i mpr i sonment of ei t her descr i pt i on f or a t er mwhi ch may ext end t o si x mont hs, or wi t h f i ne, or wi t h bot h.
Expl anat i on. - I f t he assembl y i s an unl awf ul assembl y wi t hi n t he meani ng of sect i on 141, t he of f ender wi l l be puni shabl e under sect i on 145.
152.
Assaul t i ng or obst r uct i ng publ i c ser vant when suppr essi ng r i ot , et c.
152. Assaul t i ng or obst r uct i ng publ i c ser vant when suppr essi ng r i ot , et c. - - Whoever assaul t s or t hr eat ens t o assaul t , or obst r uct s or at t empt s t o obst r uct , any publ i c ser vant i n t he di schar ge of hi s dut y as such publ i c ser vant , i n endeavour i ng t o di sper se an unl awf ul assembl y, or t o suppr ess a r i ot or af f r ay, or uses, or t hr eat ens, or at t empt s t o use cr i mi nal f or ce t o such publ i c ser vant , shal l be puni shed wi t h i mpr i sonment of ei t her descr i pt i on f or a t er mwhi ch may ext end t o t hr ee year s, or wi t h f i ne, or wi t h bot h.
133
153.
Want onl y gi vi ng pr ovocat i on wi t h i nt ent t o cause r i ot - i f r i ot i ng be commi t t ed: i f not commi t t ed.
153. Want onl y gi vi ng pr ovocat i on wi t h i nt ent t o cause r i ot - - i f r i ot i ng be commi t t ed: i f not commi t t ed. - Whoever mal i gnant l y, or want onl y by doi ng anyt hi ng whi ch i s i l l egal , gi ves pr ovocat i on t o any per son i nt endi ng or knowi ng i t t o be l i kel y t hat such pr ovocat i on wi l l cause t he of f ence of r i ot i ng t o be commi t t ed, shal l , i f t he of f ence of r i ot i ng be commi t t ed i n consequence of such pr ovocat i on, be puni shed wi t h i mpr i sonment of ei t her descr i pt i on f or a t er mwhi ch may ext end t o one year , or wi t h f i ne, or wi t h bot h, and i f t he of f ence of r i ot i ng be not commi t t ed, wi t h i mpr i sonment of ei t her descr i pt i on f or a t er m whi ch may ext end t o si x mont hs, or wi t h f i ne, or wi t h bot h.
153A.
Pr omot i ng enmi t y bet ween di f f er ent gr oups on gr ound of r el i gi on, r ace, pl ace of bi r t h, r esi dence, l anguage, et c. , and doi ng act s pr ej udi ci al t o mai nt enance of har mony.
1*[ 153A. Pr omot i ng enmi t y bet ween di f f er ent gr oups on gr ound of r el i gi on, r ace, pl ace of bi r t h, r esi dence, l anguage, et c. , and doi ng act s pr ej udi ci al t o mai nt enance of har mony. - - ( 1) Whoever -
( a) by wor ds, ei t her spoken or wr i t t en, or by si gns or by vi si bl e r epr esent at i ons or ot her wi se, pr omot es or at t empt s t o pr omot e, on gr ounds of r el i gi on, r ace, pl ace of bi r t h, r esi dence, l anguage, cast e or communi t y or any ot her gr ound what soever , di shar mony or f eel i ngs of enmi t y, hat r ed or i l l - wi l l bet ween di f f er ent r el i gi ous, r aci al s, l anguage or r egi onal gr oups or cast es or communi t i es, or
( b) commi t s any act whi ch i s pr ej udi ci al t o t he mai nt enance of har mony bet ween di f f er ent r el i gi ous, r aci al , l anguage or r egi onal gr oups or cast es or communi t i es, and whi ch di st ur bs or i s l i kel y t o di st ur b t he publ i c t r anqui l l i t y, 2*[ or ]
2*[ ( c) or gani zes any exer ci se, movement , dr i l l or ot her si mi l ar act i vi t y i nt endi ng t hat t he par t i ci pant s i n such act i vi t y shal l use or be t r ai ned t o use cr i mi nal f or ce or vi ol ence or knowi ng i t t o be l i kel y t hat t he par t i ci pant s i n such act i vi t y wi l l use or be t r ai ned t o use cr i mi nal f or ce or vi ol ence, or par t i ci pat es i n such act i vi t y i nt endi ng t o use or be t r ai ned t o use cr i mi nal f or ce or vi ol ence or knowi ng i t t o be l i kel y t hat t he par t i ci pant s i n such act i vi t y wi l l use or be t r ai ned t o use cr i mi nal f or ce or vi ol ence, agai nst any r el i gi ous, r aci al , l anguage or r egi onal gr oup or cast e or communi t y and such act i vi t y f or any r eason what soever causes or i s l i kel y t o cause f ear or al ar mor a f eel i ng of i nsecur i t y amongst member s of such r el i gi ous, r aci al , l anguage or r egi onal gr oup or cast e or communi t y, ]
shal l be puni shed wi t h i mpr i sonment whi ch may ext end t o t hr ee year s, or wi t h f i ne, or wi t h bot h.
( 2) Of f ence commi t t ed i n pl ace of wor shi p, et c. - - Whoever commi t s an of f ence speci f i ed i n sub- sect i on ( 1) i n any pl ace of wor shi p or i n any assembl y engaged i n t he per f or mance of r el i gi ous wor shi p or r el i gi ous cer emoni es, shal l be puni shed wi t h i mpr i sonment whi ch may ext end t o f i ve year s and shal l al so be l i abl e t o f i ne. ]
153B.
I mput at i ons, asser t i ons pr ej udi ci al t o nat i onal i nt egr at i on.
2*[ 153B. I mput at i ons, asser t i ons pr ej udi ci al t o nat i onal i nt egr at i on. - - ( 1) Whoever , by wor ds ei t her spoken or wr i t t en or by si gns or by vi si bl e r epr esent at i ons or ot her wi se, -
( a) makes or publ i shes any i mput at i on t hat any cl ass of per sons cannot , by r eason of t hei r bei ng member s of any r el i gi ous, r aci al , l anguage or r egi onal gr oup or cast e or communi t y, bear t r ue f ai t h and al l egi ance t o t he Const i t ut i on of I ndi a as by l aw est abl i shed or uphol d t he sover ei gnt y and i nt egr i t y of I ndi a, or
( b) asser t s, counsel s, advi ses, pr opagat es or publ i shes t hat any cl ass of per sons by r eason of t hei r bei ng member s of any r el i gi ous, r aci al , l anguage or r egi onal gr oup or cast e or communi t y be deni ed, or depr i ved of t hei r r i ght s as ci t i zens of I ndi a, or - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1. Subs. by Act 35 of 1969, s. 2, f or s. 153A.
( c) makes or publ i shes and asser t i on, counsel , pl ea or appeal concer ni ng t he obl i gat i on of any cl ass of per sons, by r eason of t hei r bei ng member s of any r el i gi ous, r aci al , l anguage or r egi onal gr oup or cast e or communi t y, and such asser t i on, counsel , pl ea or appeal causes or i s l i kel y t o cause di shar mony or f eel i ngs of enmi t y or hat r ed or i l l - wi l l bet ween such member s and ot her per sons,
shal l be puni shed wi t h i mpr i sonment whi ch may ext end t o t hr ee year s, or wi t h f i ne, or wi t h bot h.
( 2) Whoever commi t s an of f ence speci f i ed i n sub- sect i on ( 1) , i n any pl ace of wor shi p or i n any assembl y engaged i n t he per f or mance of r el i gi ous wor shi p or r el i gi ous cer emoni es, shal l be puni shed wi t h i mpr i sonment whi ch may ext end t o f i ve year s and shal l al so be l i abl e t o f i ne] .
154.
Owner or occupi er of l and on whi ch an unl awf ul assembl y i s hel d.
154. Owner or occupi er of l and on whi ch an unl awf ul assembl y i s hel d. - - Whenever any unl awf ul assembl y or r i ot t akes pl ace, t he owner or occupi er of t he l and upon whi ch such unl awf ul assembl y i s hel d, or such r i ot i s commi t t ed, and any per son havi ng or cl ai mi ng an i nt er est i n such l and, shal l be puni shabl e wi t h f i ne not exceedi ng one t housand r upees, i f he or hi s agent or manager , knowi ng t hat such of f ence i s bei ng or has been commi t t ed, or havi ng r eason t o bel i eve i t i s l i kel y t o be commi t t ed, do not gi ve t he ear l i est not i ce t her eof i n hi s or t hei r power t o t he pr i nci pal of f i cer at t he near est pol i ce- st at i on, and do not , i n t he case of hi s or t hei r havi ng r eason t o bel i eve t hat i t was about t o be commi t t ed, use al l l awf ul means i n hi s or t hei r power t o pr event i t and, i n t he event of i t s t aki ng pl ace, do not use al l l awf ul means i n hi s or t hei r power t o di sper se or suppr ess t he r i ot or unl awf ul assembl y.
155.
Li abi l i t y of per son f or whose benef i t r i ot i s commi t t ed.
155. Li abi l i t y of per son f or whose benef i t r i ot i s commi t t ed. - - Whenever a r i ot i s commi t t ed f or t he benef i t or on behal f of any per son who i s t he owner or occupi er of any l and r espect i ng whi ch such r i ot t akes pl ace or who cl ai ms any i nt er est i n such l and, or i n t he subj ect of any di sput e whi ch gave r i se t o t he r i ot , or who has accept ed or der i ved any benef i t t her ef r om, such per son shal l be puni shabl e wi t h f i ne, i f he or hi s agent or manager , havi ng r eason t o bel i eve t hat such r i ot was l i kel y t o be commi t t ed or t hat t he unl awf ul assembl y by whi ch such r i ot was commi t t ed was l i kel y t o be hel d, shal l not r espect i vel y use al l l awf ul means i n hi s or t hei r power t o pr event such assembl y or r i ot f r omt aki ng pl ace, and f or suppr essi ng and di sper si ng t he same.
156.
Li abi l i t y of agent of owner or occupi er f or whose benef i t r i ot i s commi t t ed.
156. Li abi l i t y of agent of owner or occupi er f or whose benef i t r i ot i s commi t t ed. - - Whenever a r i ot i s commi t t ed f or t he benef i t or on behal f of any per son who i s t he owner or occupi er of any l and r espect i ng whi ch such r i ot t akes pl ace, or who cl ai ms any i nt er est i n such l and, or i n t he subj ect of any di sput e whi ch gave r i se t o t he r i ot , or who has accept ed or der i ved any benef i t t her ef r om,
t he agent or manager of such per son shal l be puni shabl e wi t h
f i ne, i f such agent or manager , havi ng r eason t o bel i eve t hat such r i ot was l i kel y t o be commi t t ed, or t hat t he unl awf ul assembl y by whi ch such r i ot was commi t t ed was l i kel y t o be hel d, shal l not use al l l awf ul means i n hi s power t o pr event such r i ot or assembl y f r omt aki ng pl ace and f or suppr essi ng and di sper si ng t he same.
157.
Har bour i ng per sons hi r ed f or an unl awf ul assembl y.
157. Har bour i ng per sons hi r ed f or an unl awf ul assembl y. - - Whoever har bour s, r ecei ves or assembl es, i n any house or pr emi ses i n hi s occupat i on or char ge, or under hi s cont r ol any per sons knowi ng t hat such per sons have been hi r ed, engaged or empl oyed, or ar e about t o be hi r ed, engaged or empl oyed, t o j oi n or become member s of an unl awf ul assembl y, shal l be puni shed wi t h i mpr i sonment of ei t her descr i pt i on f or a t er mwhi ch may ext end t o si x mont hs, or wi t h f i ne, or wi t h bot h.
158.
Bei ng hi r ed t o t ake par t i n an unl awf ul assembl y or r i ot ;
158. Bei ng hi r ed t o t ake par t i n an unl awf ul assembl y or r i ot ; - - Whoever i s engaged, or hi r ed, or of f er s or at t empt s t o be hi r ed or engaged, t o do or assi st i n doi ng any of t he act s speci f i ed i n sect i on 141, shal l be puni shed wi t h i mpr i sonment of ei t her descr i pt i on f or a t er mwhi ch may ext end t o si x mont hs, or wi t h f i ne, or wi t h bot h.
135
or t o go ar med.
or t o go ar med. - - and whoever , bei ng so engaged or hi r ed as af or esai d, goes ar med, or engages or of f er s t o go ar med, wi t h any deadl y weapon or wi t h anyt hi ng whi ch used as a weapon of of f ence i s l i kel y t o cause deat h, shal l be puni shed wi t h i mpr i sonment of ei t her descr i pt i on f or a t er mwhi ch may ext end t o t wo year s, or wi t h f i ne, or wi t h bot h.
159.
Af f r ay.
159. Af f r ay. - - When t wo or mor e per sons, by f i ght i ng i n a publ i c pl ace, di st ur b t he publ i c peace, t hey ar e sai d t o " commi t an af f r ay" .
160.
Puni shment f or commi t t i ng af f r ay.
160. Puni shment f or commi t t i ng af f r ay. - - Whoever commi t s an af f r ay, shal l be puni shed wi t h i mpr i sonment of ei t her descr i pt i on f or a t er mwhi ch may ext end t o one mont h, or wi t h f i ne whi ch may ext end t o one hundr ed r upees, or wi t h bot h.
CHAPTER I X
OF OFFENCES BY OR RELATI NG TO PUBLI C SERVANTS
CHAPTER I X
OF OFFENCES BY OR RELATI NG TO PUBLI C SERVANTS
161 t o 165A.
161 t o 165A. Rep. by t he Pr event i on of Cor r upt i on Act , 1988 ( 49 of 1988) , s. 31.
166.
Publ i c ser vant di sobeyi ng l aw, wi t h i nt ent t o cause i nj ur y t o any per son.
166. Publ i c ser vant di sobeyi ng l aw, wi t h i nt ent t o cause i nj ur y t o any per son. - - Whoever , bei ng a publ i c ser vant , knowi ngl y di sobeys any di r ect i on of t he l aw as t o t he way i n whi ch he i s t o conduct hi msel f as such publ i c ser vant , i nt endi ng t o cause, or knowi ng i t t o be l i kel y t hat he wi l l , by such di sobedi ence, cause i nj ur y t o any per son, shal l be puni shed wi t h si mpl e i mpr i sonment f or a t er mwhi ch may ext end t o one year , or wi t h f i ne, or wi t h bot h.
I I I ust r at i on
A, bei ng an of f i cer di r ect ed by l aw t o t ake pr oper t y i n execut i on, i n or der t o sat i sf y a decr ee pr onounced i n Z' s f avour by a Cour t of J ust i ce, knowi ngl y di sobeys t hat di r ect i on of l aw, wi t h t he knowl edge t hat he i s l i kel y t her eby t o cause i nj ur y t o Z. A has commi t t ed t he of f ence def i ned i n t hi s sect i on.
167.
Publ i c ser vant f r ami ng an i ncor r ect document wi t h i nt ent t o cause i nj ur y.
167. Publ i c ser vant f r ami ng an i ncor r ect document wi t h i nt ent t o cause i nj ur y. - - Whoever , bei ng a publ i c ser vant , and bei ng, as such publ i c ser vant , char ged wi t h t he pr epar at i on or t r ansl at i on of any document , f r ames or t r ansl at es t hat document i n a manner whi ch he knows or bel i eves t o be i ncor r ect , i nt endi ng t her eby t o cause or knowi ng i t t o be l i kel y t hat he may t her eby cause i nj ur y t o any per son, shal l be puni shed wi t h i mpr i sonment of ei t her descr i pt i on f or a t er mwhi ch may ext end t o t hr ee year s, or wi t h f i ne, or wi t h bot h.
168.
Publ i c ser vant unl awf ul l y engagi ng i n t r ade.
168. Publ i c ser vant unl awf ul l y engagi ng i n t r ade. - - Whoever , bei ng a publ i c ser vant , and bei ng l egal l y bound as such publ i c ser vant not t o engages i n t r ade, engages i n t r ade, shal l be puni shed wi t h si mpl e i mpr i sonment f or a t er mwhi ch may ext end t o one year , or wi t h f i ne, or wi t h bot h.
169.
Publ i c ser vant unl awf ul l y buyi ng or bi ddi ng f or pr oper t y.
169. Publ i c ser vant unl awf ul l y buyi ng or bi ddi ng f or pr oper t y. - - Whoever , bei ng a publ i c ser vant , and bei ng l egal l y bound as such publ i c ser vant , not t o pur chase or bi d f or cer t ai n pr oper t y, pur chases or bi ds f or t hat pr oper t y, ei t her i n hi s own name or i n t he name of anot her , or j oi nt l y, or i n shar es wi t h ot her s, shal l be puni shed wi t h si mpl e i mpr i sonment f or a t er mwhi ch may ext end t o t wo year s, or wi t h f i ne, or wi t h bot h; and t he pr oper t y, i f pur chased, shal l be conf i scat ed.
170.
Per sonat i ng a publ i c ser vant .
170. Per sonat i ng a publ i c ser vant . - - Whoever pr et ends t o hol d any par t i cul ar of f i ce as publ i c ser vant , knowi ng t hat he does not hol d such of f i ce or f al sel y per sonat es any ot her per son hol di ng such of f i ce, and i n such assumed char act er does or at t empt s t o do any act under col our of such of f i ce, shal l be puni shed wi t h i mpr i sonment of ei t her descr i pt i on f or a t er m whi ch may ext end t o t wo year s, or wi t h f i ne, or wi t h bot h.
136
171.
Wear i ng gar b or car r yi ng t oken used by publ i c ser vant wi t h f r audul ent i nt ent .
171. Wear i ng gar b or car r yi ng t oken used by publ i c ser vant wi t h f r audul ent i nt ent . - - Whoever , not bel ongi ng t o a cer t ai n cl ass of publ i c ser vant s, wear s any gar b or car r i es any t oken r esembl i ng any gar b or t oken used by t hat cl ass of publ i c ser vant s, wi t h t he i nt ent i on t hat i t may be bel i eved, or wi t h t he knowl edge t hat i t i s l i kel y t o be bel i eved, t hat he bel ongs t o t hat cl ass of publ i c ser vant s, shal l be puni shed wi t h i mpr i sonment of ei t her descr i pt i on, f or a t er mwhi ch may ext end t o t hr ee mont hs, or wi t h f i ne whi ch may ext end t o t wo hundr ed r upees, or wi t h bot h.
CHAPTER I XA
OF OFFENCES RELATI NG TO ELECTI ONS
1*[ CHAPTER I XA
OF OFFENCES RELATI NG TO ELECTI ONS
171A.
" Candi dat e" , " El ect or al r i ght " def i ned.
171A. " Candi dat e" , " El ect or al r i ght " def i ned. - - For t he pur poses of t hi s Chapt er -
2*[ ( a) " candi dat e" means a per son who has been nomi nat ed as a candi dat e at any el ect i on; ]
( b) " el ect or al r i ght " means t he r i ght of a per son t o st and, or not t o st and as, or t o wi t hdr aw f r ombei ng, a candi dat e or t o vot e or r ef r ai n f r omvot i ng at an el ect i on.
171B.
Br i ber y.
171B. Br i ber y. - - ( 1) Whoever -
( i ) gi ves a gr at i f i cat i on t o any per son wi t h t he obj ect of i nduci ng hi mor any ot her per son t o exer ci se any el ect or al r i ght or of r ewar di ng any per son f or havi ng exer ci sed any such r i ght ; or
( i i ) accept s ei t her f or hi msel f or f or any ot her per son any gr at i f i cat i on as a r ewar d f or exer ci si ng any such r i ght or f or i nduci ng or at t empt i ng t o i nduce any ot her per son t o exer ci se any such r i ght ,
commi t s t he of f ence of br i ber y:
Pr ovi ded t hat a decl ar at i on of publ i c pol i cy or a pr omi se of publ i c act i on shal l not be an of f ence under t hi s sect i on.
( 2) A per son who of f er s, or agr ees t o gi ve, or of f er s or at t empt s t o pr ocur e, a gr at i f i cat i on shal l be deemed t o gi ve a gr at i f i cat i on.
( 3) A per son who obt ai ns or agr ees t o accept or at t empt s t o obt ai n a gr at i f i cat i on shal l be deemed t o accept a gr at i f i cat i on, and a per son who accept s a gr at i f i cat i on as a mot i ve f or doi ng what he does not i nt end t o do, or as a r ewar d f or doi ng what he has not done, shal l be deemed t o have accept ed t he gr at i f i cat i on as a r ewar d.
171C.
Undue i nf l uence at el ect i ons.
171C. Undue i nf l uence at el ect i ons. - - ( 1) Whoever vol unt ar i l y i nt er f er es or at t empt s t o i nt er f er e wi t h t he f r ee exer ci se of any el ect or al r i ght commi t s t he of f ence of undue i nf l uence at an el ect i on.
( 2) Wi t hout pr ej udi ce t o t he gener al i t y of t he pr ovi si ons of sub- sect i on ( 1) , whoever -
( a) t hr eat ens any candi dat e or vot er , or any per son i n whom a candi dat e or vot er i s i nt er est ed, wi t h i nj ur y of any ki nd, or
( b) i nduces or at t empt s t o i nduce a candi dat e or vot er t o bel i eve t hat he or any per son i n whom he i s i nt er est ed wi l l become or wi l l be r ender ed an obj ect of Di vi ne di spl easur e or of spi r i t ual censur e,
shal l be deemed t o i nt er f er e wi t h t he f r ee exer ci se of t he el ect or al r i ght of such candi dat e or vot er , wi t hi n t he meani ng of sub- sect i on ( 1) . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1. Chapt er I XA was i ns. by Act 39 of 1920, s. 2. 2. Subs. by Act 40 of 1975, s. 9. f or cl . ( a) , ( w. e. f . 6- 8- 1975) . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
137
( 3) A decl ar at i on of publ i c pol i cy or a pr omi se of publ i c act i on, or t he mer e exer ci se or a l egal r i ght wi t hout i nt ent t o i nt er f er e wi t h an el ect or al r i ght , shal l not be deemed t o be i nt er f er ence wi t hi n t he meani ng of t hi s sect i on.
171D.
Per sonat i on at el ect i ons.
171D. Per sonat i on at el ect i ons. - - Whoever at an el ect i on appl i es f or a vot i ng paper on vot es i n t he name of any ot her per son, whet her l i vi ng or dead, or i n a f i ct i t i ous name, or who havi ng vot ed once at such el ect i on appl i es at t he same el ect i on f or a vot i ng paper i n hi s own name, and whoever abet s, pr ocur es or at t empt s t o pr ocur e t he vot i ng by any per son i n any such way, commi t s t he of f ence of per sonat i on at an el ect i on.
171E.
Puni shment f or br i ber y.
171E. Puni shment f or br i ber y. - - Whoever commi t s t he of f ence of br i ber y shal l be puni shed wi t h i mpr i sonment of ei t her descr i pt i on f or a t er mwhi ch may ext end t o one year , or wi t h f i ne, or wi t h bot h:
Pr ovi ded t hat br i ber y by t r eat i ng shal l be puni shed wi t h f i ne onl y.
Expl anat i on. - " Tr eat i ng" means t hat f or m of br i ber y wher e t he gr at i f i cat i on consi st s i n f ood, dr i nk, ent er t ai nment , or pr ovi si on.
171F.
Puni shment f or undue i nf l uence or per sonat i on at an el ect i on.
171F. Puni shment f or undue i nf l uence or per sonat i on at an el ect i on. - - Whoever commi t s t he of f ence of undue i nf l uence or per sonat i on at an el ect i on shal l be puni shed wi t h i mpr i sonment of ei t her descr i pt i on f or a t er m whi ch may ext end t o one year or wi t h f i ne, or wi t h bot h.
171G.
Fal se st at ement i n connect i on wi t h an el ect i on.
171G. Fal se st at ement i n connect i on wi t h an el ect i on. - - Whoever wi t h i nt ent t o af f ect t he r esul t of an el ect i on makes or publ i shes any st at ement pur por t i ng t o be a st at ement of f act whi ch i s f al se and whi ch he ei t her knows or bel i eves t o be f al se or does not bel i eve t o be t r ue, i n r el at i on t o t he per sonal char act er or conduct of any candi dat e shal l be puni shed wi t h f i ne.
171H.
I l l egal payment s i n connect i on wi t h an el ect i on.
171H. I l l egal payment s i n connect i on wi t h an el ect i on. - - Whoever wi t hout t he gener al or speci al aut hor i t y i n wr i t i ng of a candi dat e i ncur s or aut hor i zes expenses on account of t he hol di ng of any publ i c meet i ng, or upon any adver t i sement , ci r cul ar or publ i cat i on, or i n any ot her way what soever f or t he pur pose of pr omot i ng or pr ocur i ng t he el ect i on of such candi dat e, shal l be puni shed wi t h f i ne whi ch may ext end t o f i ve hundr ed r upees :
Pr ovi ded t hat i f any per son havi ng i ncur r ed any such expenses not exceedi ng t he amount of t en r upees wi t hout aut hor i t y obt ai ns wi t hi n t en days f r omt he dat e on whi ch such expenses wer e i ncur r ed t he appr oval i n wr i t i ng of t he candi dat e, he shal l be deemed t o have i ncur r ed such expenses wi t h t he aut hor i t y of t he candi dat e.
171- I .
Fai l ur e t o keep el ect i on account s.
171- I . Fai l ur e t o keep el ect i on account s. - - Whoever bei ng r equi r ed by any l aw f or t he t i me bei ng i n f or ce or any r ul e havi ng t he f or ce of l aw t o keep account s of expenses i ncur r ed at or i n connect i on wi t h an el ect i on f ai l s t o keep such account s shal l be puni shed wi t h f i ne whi ch may ext end t o f i ve hundr ed r upees. ]
CHAPTER X
OF CONTEMPTS OF THE LAWFUL AUTHORI TY OF PUBLI C SERVANTS
CHAPTER X
OF CONTEMPTS OF THE LAWFUL AUTHORI TY OF PUBLI C SERVANTS
172.
Abscondi ng t o avoi d ser vi ce of summons or ot her pr oceedi ng.
172. Abscondi ng t o avoi d ser vi ce of summons or ot her pr oceedi ng. - Whoever absconds i n or der t o avoi d bei ng ser ved wi t h a summons, not i ce or or der pr oceedi ng f r omany publ i c ser vant l egal l y compet ent , as such publ i c ser vant , t o i ssue such summons, not i ce or or der , shal l be puni shed wi t h si mpl e i mpr i sonment f or a t er mwhi ch may ext end t o one mont h, or wi t h f i ne whi ch may ext end t o f i ve hundr ed r upees, or wi t h bot h;
or , i f t he summons or not i ce or or der i s t o at t end i n per son or by agent , or t o pr oduce a document i n a Cour t of J ust i ce, wi t h si mpl e i mpr i sonment f or a t er mwhi ch may ext end t o si x mont hs, or wi t h f i ne whi ch may ext end t o one t housand r upees, or wi t h bot h.
138
173.
Pr event i ng ser vi ce of summons or ot her pr oceedi ng, or pr event i ng publ i cat i on t her eof .
173. Pr event i ng ser vi ce of summons or ot her pr oceedi ng, or pr event i ng publ i cat i on t her eof . - - Whoever i n any manner i nt ent i onal l y pr event s t he ser vi ng on hi msel f , or on any ot her per son, of any summons, not i ce or or der pr oceedi ng f r om any publ i c ser vant l egal l y compet ent , such publ i c ser vant , t o i ssue such summons, not i ce or or der ,
or i nt ent i onal l y pr event s t he l awf ul af f i xi ng t o any pl ace of any such summons, not i ce or or der ,
or i nt ent i onal l y r emoves any such summons, not i ce or or der f r om any pl ace t o whi ch i t i s l awf ul l y af f i xed,
or i nt ent i onal l y pr event s t he l awf ul maki ng of any pr ocl amat i on, under t he aut hor i t y of any publ i c ser vant l egal l y compet ent , as such publ i c ser vant , t o di r ect such pr ocl amat i on t o be made,
shal l be puni shed wi t h si mpl e i mpr i sonment f or a t er mwhi ch may ext end t o one mont h, or wi t h f i ne whi ch may ext end t o f i ve hundr ed r upees, or wi t h bot h;
or , i f t he summons, not i ce, or der or pr ocl amat i on i s t o at t end i n per son or by agent , or t o pr oduce a document i n a Cour t of J ust i ce, wi t h si mpl e i mpr i sonment f or a t er mwhi ch may ext end t o si x mont hs, or wi t h f i ne whi ch may ext end t o one t housand r upees, or wi t h bot h.
174.
Non- at t endance i n obedi ence t o an or der f r ompubl i c ser vant .
174. Non- at t endance i n obedi ence t o an or der f r om publ i c ser vant . - - Whoever , bei ng l egal l y bound t o at t end i n per son or by an agent at a cer t ai n pl ace and t i me i n obedi ence t o a summons, not i ce, or der , or pr ocl amat i on pr oceedi ng f r om any publ i c ser vant l egal l y compet ent , as such publ i c ser vant , t o i ssue t he same,
i nt ent i onal l y omi t s t o at t end at t hat pl ace or t i me, or depar t s f r omt he pl ace wher e he i s bound t o at t end bef or e t he t i me at whi ch i t i s l awf ul f or hi mt o depar t ,
shal l be puni shed wi t h si mpl e i mpr i sonment f or a t er m whi ch may ext end t o one mont h, or wi t h f i ne whi ch may ext end t o f i ve hundr ed r upees, or wi t h bot h;
or , i f t he summons, not i ce, or der or pr ocl amat i on i s t o at t end i n per son or by agent i n a Cour t of J ust i ce, wi t h si mpl e i mpr i sonment f or a t er mwhi ch may ext end t o si x mont hs, or wi t h f i ne whi ch may ext end t o one t housand r upees, or wi t h bot h.
I l l ust r at i ons
( a) A, bei ng l egal l y bound t o appear bef or e t he 1*[ Hi gh Cour t ] at Cal cut t a, i n obedi ence t o a subpoena i ssui ng f r om t hat Cour t , i nt ent i onal l y omi t s t o appear . A has commi t t ed t he of f ence def i ned i n t hi s sect i on.
( b) A, bei ng l egal l y bound t o appear bef or e a 2*[ Di st r i ct J udge] , as a wi t ness, i n obedi ence t o a summons i ssued by t hat 2*[ Di st r i ct J udge] i nt ent i onal l y omi t s t o appear . A has commi t t ed t he of f ence def i ned i n t hi s sect i on.
175.
Omi ssi on t o pr oduce document t o publ i c ser vant by per son l egal l y bound t o pr oduce i t .
175. Omi ssi on t o pr oduce document t o publ i c ser vant by per son l egal l y bound t o pr oduce i t . - - Whoever , bei ng l egal l y bound t o pr oduce or del i ver up any document t o any publ i c ser vant , as such, i nt ent i onal l y omi t s so t o pr oduce or del i ver up t he same, shal l be puni shed wi t h si mpl e i mpr i sonment f or a t er mwhi ch may ext end t o one mont h, or wi t h f i ne whi ch may ext end t o f i ve hundr ed r upees, or wi t h bot h; - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1. Subs. by t he A. O. 1950, f or " Supr eme Cour t " .
2. Subs. i bi d. , f or " Zi l a J udge" .
139
or , i f t he document i s t o be pr oduced or del i ver ed up t o a Cour t of J ust i ce, wi t h si mpl e i mpr i sonment f or a t er m whi ch may ext end t o si x mont hs, or wi t h f i ne whi ch may ext end t o one t housand r upees, or wi t h bot h.
I l l ust r at i on
A, bei ng l egal l y bound t o pr oduce a document bef or e a 1*[ Di st r i ct cour t ] , i nt ent i onal l y omi t s t o pr oduce t he same. A has commi t t ed t he of f ence def i ned i n t hi s sect i on.
176.
Omi ssi on t o gi ve not i ce or i nf or mat i on t o publ i c ser vant by per son l egal l y bound t o gi ve i t .
176. Omi ssi on t o gi ve not i ce or i nf or mat i on t o publ i c ser vant by per son l egal l y bound t o gi ve i t . - - Whoever , bei ng l egal l y bound t o gi ve any not i ce or t o f ur ni sh i nf or mat i on on any subj ect t o any publ i c ser vant , as such, i nt ent i onal l y omi t s t o gi ve such not i ce or t o f ur ni sh such i nf or mat i on i n t he manner and at t he t i me r equi r ed by l aw, shal l be puni shed wi t h si mpl e i mpr i sonment f or a t er mwhi ch may ext end t o one mont h, or wi t h f i ne whi ch may ext end t o f i ve hundr ed r upees, or wi t h bot h;
or , i f t he not i ce or i nf or mat i on r equi r ed t o be gi ven r espect s t he commi ssi on of an of f ence, or i s r equi r ed f or t he pur pose of pr event i ng t he commi ssi on of an of f ence, or i n or der t o t he appr ehensi on of an of f ender , wi t h si mpl e i mpr i sonment f or a t er mwhi ch may ext end t o si x mont hs, or wi t h f i ne whi ch may ext end t o one t housand r upees, or wi t h bot h;
2*[ or , i f t he not i ce or i nf or mat i on r equi r ed t o be gi ven i s r equi r ed by an or der passed under sub- sect i on ( 1) of sect i on 565 of t he Code of Cr i mi nal Pr ocedur e, 1898 ( 5 of 1898) , wi t h i mpr i sonment of ei t her descr i pt i on f or a t er m whi ch may ext end t o si x mont hs, or wi t h f i ne whi ch may ext end t o one t housand r upees, or wi t h bot h. ]
177.
Fur ni shi ng f al se i nf or mat i on.
177. Fur ni shi ng f al se i nf or mat i on. - - Whoever , bei ng l egal l y bound t o f ur ni sh i nf or mat i on on any subj ect t o any publ i c ser vant , as such, f ur ni shes, as t r ue, i nf or mat i on on t he subj ect whi ch he knows or has r eason t o bel i eve t o be f al se shal l be puni shed wi t h si mpl e i mpr i sonment f or a t er mwhi ch may ext end t o si x mont hs, or wi t h f i ne whi ch may ext end t o one t housand r upees, or wi t h bot h;
or , i f t he i nf or mat i on whi ch he i s l egal l y bound t o gi ve r espect s t he commi ssi on of an of f ence, or i s r equi r ed f or t he pur pose of pr event i ng t he commi ssi on of an of f ence, or i n or der t o t he appr ehensi on of an of f ender , wi t h i mpr i sonment of ei t her descr i pt i on f or a t er mwhi ch may ext end t o t wo year s, or wi t h f i ne, or wi t h bot h.
I l l ust r at i ons
( a) A, a l andhol der , knowi ng of t he commi ssi on of a mur der wi t hi n t he l i mi t s of hi s est at e, wi l f ul l y mi si nf or ms t he Magi st r at e of t he di st r i ct t hat t he deat h has occur r ed by acci dent i n consequence of t he bi t e of a snake. A i s gui l t y of t he of f ence def i ned i n t hi s sect i on.
( b) A, a vi l l age wat chman, knowi ng t hat a consi der abl e body of st r anger s has passed t hr ough hi s vi l l age i n or der t o commi t a dacoi t y i n t he house of Z, a weal t hy mer chant r esi di ng i n a nei ghbour i ng pl ace, and bei ng bound under cl ause 5, sect i on VI I , 3*Regul at i on I I I , 1821, of t he Bengal Code, t o gi ve ear l y and punct ual i nf or mat i on of t he above f act t o t he of f i cer of t he near est pol i ce st at i on, wi l f ul l y mi si nf or ms t he pol i ce of f i cer t hat a body of suspi ci ous char act er s passed t hr ough t he vi l l age wi t h a vi ew t o commi t dacoi t y i n a cer t ai n di st ant pl ace i n a di f f er ent di r ect i on. Her e A i s gui l t y of t he of f ence def i ned i n t he l at t er par t of t hi s sect i on. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1. Subs. by t he A. O. 1950, f or " Zi l a Cour t " .
2. I ns. by Act 22 of 1939, s. 2.
3. Rep. by Act 17 of 1862.
140
1*[ Expl anat i on. - I n sect i on 176 and i n t hi s sect i on t he wor d " of f ence" i ncl udes any act commi t t ed at any pl ace out of 2*[ I ndi a] , whi ch, i f commi t t ed i n 2*[ I ndi a] , woul d be puni shabl e under any of t he f ol l owi ng sect i ons, namel y, 302, 304, 382, 392, 393, 394, 395, 396, 397, 398, 399, 402, 435, 436, 449, 450, 457, 458, 459 and 460; and t he wor d " of f ender " i ncl udes any per son who i s al l eged t o have been gui l t y of any such act . ]
178.
Ref usi ng oat h or af f i r mat i on when dul y r equi r ed by publ i c ser vant t o make i t .
178. Ref usi ng oat h or af f i r mat i on when dul y r equi r ed by publ i c ser vant t o make i t . - - Whoever r ef uses t o bi nd hi msel f by an oat h 3*[ or af f i r mat i on] t o st at e t he t r ut h, when r equi r ed so t o bi nd hi msel f by a publ i c ser vant l egal l y compet ent t o r equi r e t hat he shal l so bi nd hi msel f , shal l be puni shed wi t h si mpl e i mpr i sonment f or a t er m whi ch may ext end t o si x mont hs, or wi t h f i ne whi ch may ext end t o one t housand r upees, or wi t h bot h.
179.
Ref usi ng t o answer publ i c ser vant aut hor i zed t o quest i on.
179. Ref usi ng t o answer publ i c ser vant aut hor i zed t o quest i on. - - Whoever , bei ng l egal l y bound t o st at e t he t r ut h on any subj ect t o any publ i c ser vant , r ef uses t o answer any quest i on demanded of hi m t ouchi ng t hat subj ect by such publ i c ser vant i n t he exer ci se of t he l egal power s of such publ i c ser vant , shal l be puni shed wi t h si mpl e i mpr i sonment f or a t er mwhi ch may ext end t o si x mont hs, or wi t h f i ne whi ch may ext end t o one t housand r upees, or wi t h bot h.
180.
Ref usi ng t o si gn st at ement .
180. Ref usi ng t o si gn st at ement . - - Whoever r ef uses t o si gn any st at ement made by hi m, when r equi r ed t o si gn t hat st at ement by a publ i c ser vant l egal l y compet ent t o r equi r e t hat he shal l si gn t hat st at ement , shal l be puni shed wi t h si mpl e i mpr i sonment f or a t er mwhi ch may ext end t o t hr ee mont hs, or wi t h f i ne whi ch may ext end t o f i ve hundr ed r upees, or wi t h bot h.
181.
Fal se st at ement on oat h or af f i r mat i on t o publ i c ser vant or per son aut hor i zed t o admi ni st er an oat h or af f i r mat i on.
181. Fal se st at ement on oat h or af f i r mat i on t o publ i c ser vant or per son aut hor i zed t o admi ni st er an oat h or af f i r mat i on. - - Whoever , bei ng l egal l y bound by an oat h 3*[ or af f i r mat i on] t o st at e t he t r ut h on any subj ect t o any publ i c ser vant or ot her per son aut hor i zed by l aw t o admi ni st er such oat h 3*[ or af f i r mat i on] , makes, t o such publ i c ser vant or ot her per son as af or esai d, t ouchi ng t hat subj ect , any st at ement whi ch i s f al se, and whi ch he ei t her knows or bel i eves t o be f al se or does not bel i eve t o be t r ue, shal l be puni shed wi t h i mpr i sonment of ei t her descr i pt i on f or a t er m whi ch may ext end t o t hr ee year s, and shal l al so be l i abl e t o f i ne.
182.
Fal se i nf or mat i on, wi t h i nt ent t o cause publ i c ser vant t o use hi s l awf ul power t o t he i nj ur y of anot her per son.
4*[ 182. Fal se i nf or mat i on, wi t h i nt ent t o cause publ i c ser vant t o use hi s l awf ul power t o t he i nj ur y of anot her per son. - - Whoever gi ves t o any publ i c ser vant any i nf or mat i on whi ch he knows or bel i eves t o be f al se, i nt endi ng t her eby t o cause, or knowi ng i t t o be l i kel y t hat he wi l l t her eby cause such publ i c ser vant -
( a) t o do or omi t anyt hi ng whi ch such publ i c ser vant ought not t o do or omi t i f t he t r ue st at e of f act s r espect i ng whi ch such i nf or mat i on i s gi ven wer e known by hi m, or
( b) t o use t he l awf ul power of such publ i c ser vant t o t he i nj ur y or annoyance of any per son,
shal l be puni shed wi t h i mpr i sonment of ei t her descr i pt i on f or a t er m whi ch may ext end t o si x mont hs, or wi t h f i ne whi ch may ext end t o one t housand r upees, or wi t h bot h. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1. I ns. by Act 3 of 1894, s. 5
2. Subs. by Act 3 of 1951, s. 3 and sch. f or " t he St at es" .
3. I ns. by Act 10 of 1873, s. 15.
4. Subs. by Act 3 of 1895, s. 1, f or t he or i gi nal s. 182.
141
I l l ust r at i ons
( a) A i nf or ms a Magi st r at e t hat Z, a pol i ce- of f i cer , subor di nat e t o such Magi st r at e, has been gui l t y of negl ect of dut y or mi sconduct , knowi ng such i nf or mat i on t o be f al se, and knowi ng i t t o be l i kel y t hat t he i nf or mat i on wi l l cause t he Magi st r at e t o di smi ss Z. A has commi t t ed t he of f ence def i ned i n t hi s sect i on.
( b) A f al sel y i nf or ms a publ i c ser vant t hat Z has cont r aband sal t i n a secr et pl ace, knowi ng such i nf or mat i on t o be f al se, and knowi ng t hat i t i s l i kel y t hat t he consequence of t he i nf or mat i on wi l l be a sear ch of Z' s pr emi ses, at t ended wi t h annoyance t o Z. A has commi t t ed t he of f ence def i ned i n t hi s sect i on.
( c) A f al sel y i nf or ms a pol i ceman t hat he has been assaul t ed and r obbed i n t he nei ghbour hood of a par t i cul ar vi l l age. He does not ment i on t he name of any per son as one of hi s assai l ant s, but knows i t t o be l i kel y t hat i n consequence of t hi s i nf or mat i on t he pol i ce wi l l make enqui r i es and i nst i t ut e sear ches i n t he vi l l age t o t he annoyance of t he vi l l ager s or some of t hem. A has commi t t ed an of f ence under t hi s sect i on. ]
183.
Resi st ance t o t he t aki ng of pr oper t y by t he l awf ul aut hor i t y of a publ i c ser vant .
183. Resi st ance t o t he t aki ng of pr oper t y by t he l awf ul aut hor i t y of a publ i c ser vant . - - Whoever of f er s any r esi st ance t o t he t aki ng of any pr oper t y by t he l awf ul aut hor i t y of any publ i c ser vant , knowi ng or havi ng r eason t o bel i eve t hat he i s such publ i c ser vant , shal l be puni shed wi t h i mpr i sonment of ei t her descr i pt i on f or a t er mwhi ch may ext end t o si x mont hs, or wi t h f i ne whi ch may ext end t o one t housand r upees, or wi t h bot h.
184.
Obst r uct i ng sal e of pr oper t y of f er ed f or sal e by aut hor i t y of publ i c ser vant .
184. Obst r uct i ng sal e of pr oper t y of f er ed f or sal e by aut hor i t y of publ i c ser vant . - - Whoever i nt ent i onal l y obst r uct s any sal e of pr oper t y of f er ed f or sal e by t he l awf ul aut hor i t y of any publ i c ser vant , as such, shal l be puni shed wi t h i mpr i sonment of ei t her descr i pt i on f or a t er mwhi ch may ext end t o one mont h, or wi t h f i ne whi ch may ext end t o f i ve hundr ed r upees, or wi t h bot h.
185.
I l l egal pur chase or bi d f or pr oper t y of f er ed f or sal e by aut hor i t y of publ i c ser vant .
185. I l l egal pur chase or bi d f or pr oper t y of f er ed f or sal e by aut hor i t y of publ i c ser vant . - - Whoever , at any sal e of pr oper t y hel d by t he l awf ul aut hor i t y of a publ i c ser vant , as such, pur chases or bi ds f or any pr oper t y on account of any per son, whet her hi msel f or any ot her , whomhe knows t o be under a l egal i ncapaci t y t o pur chase t hat pr oper t y at t hat sal e, or bi ds f or such pr oper t y not i nt endi ng t o per f or mt he obl i gat i ons under whi ch he l ays hi msel f by such bi ddi ng, shal l be puni shed wi t h i mpr i sonment of ei t her descr i pt i on f or a t er m whi ch may ext end t o one mont h, or wi t h f i ne whi ch may ext end t o t wo hundr ed r upees, or wi t h bot h.
186.
Obst r uct i ng publ i c ser vant i n di schar ge of publ i c f unct i ons.
186. Obst r uct i ng publ i c ser vant i n di schar ge of publ i c f unct i ons. - - Whoever vol unt ar i l y obst r uct s any publ i c ser vant i n t he di schar ge of hi s publ i c f unct i ons, shal l be puni shed wi t h i mpr i sonment of ei t her descr i pt i on f or a t er m whi ch may ext end t o t hr ee mont hs, or wi t h f i ne whi ch may ext end t o f i ve hundr ed r upees, or wi t h bot h.
187.
Omi ssi on t o assi st publ i c ser vant when bound by l aw t o gi ve assi st ance.
187. Omi ssi on t o assi st publ i c ser vant when bound by l aw t o gi ve assi st ance. - - Whoever , bei ng bound by l aw t o r ender or f ur ni sh assi st ance t o any publ i c ser vant i n t he execut i on of hi s publ i c dut y, i nt ent i onal l y omi t s t o gi ve such assi st ance, shal l be puni shed wi t h si mpl e i mpr i sonment f or a t er mwhi ch may ext end t o one mont h, or wi t h f i ne whi ch may ext end t o t wo hundr ed r upees, or wi t h bot h;
and i f such assi st ance be demanded of hi m by a publ i c ser vant l egal l y compet ent t o make such demand f or t he pur poses of execut i ng any pr ocess l awf ul l y i ssued by a Cour t of J ust i ce, or of pr event i ng t he commi ssi on of an of f ence, or suppr essi ng a r i ot , or af f r ay, or of appr ehendi ng a per son char ged wi t h or gui l t y of an of f ence, or of havi ng escaped f r om l awf ul cust ody, shal l be puni shed wi t h si mpl e i mpr i sonment f or a t er mwhi ch may ext end t o si x mont hs, or wi t h f i ne whi ch may ext end t o f i ve hundr ed r upees, or wi t h bot h.
142
188.
Di sobedi ence t o or der dul y pr omul gat ed by publ i c ser vant .
188. Di sobedi ence t o or der dul y pr omul gat ed by publ i c ser vant . - - Whoever , knowi ng t hat , by an or der pr omul gat ed by a publ i c ser vant l awf ul l y empower ed t o pr omul gat e such or der , he i s di r ect ed t o abst ai n f r oma cer t ai n act , or t o t ake cer t ai n or der wi t h cer t ai n pr oper t y i n hi s possessi on or under hi s management . di sobeys such di r ect i on,
shal l , i f such di sobedi ence causes or t ends t o cause obst r uct i on, annoyance or i nj ur y, or r i sk of obst r uct i on, annoyance or i nj ur y, t o any per sons l awf ul l y empl oyed, be puni shed wi t h si mpl e i mpr i sonment f or a t er mwhi ch may ext end t o one mont h or wi t h f i ne whi ch may ext end t o t wo hundr ed r upees, or wi t h bot h:
and i f such di sobedi ence causes or t ends t o cause danger t o human l i f e, heal t h or saf et y, or causes or t ends t o cause a r i ot or af f r ay, shal l be puni shed wi t h i mpr i sonment of ei t her descr i pt i on f or a t er m whi ch may ext end t o si x mont hs, or wi t h f i ne whi ch may ext end t o one t housand r upees, or wi t h bot h.
Expl anat i on. - I t i s not necessar y t hat t he of f ender shoul d i nt end t o pr oduce har m, or cont empl at e hi s di sobedi ence as l i kel y t o pr oduce har m. I t i s suf f i ci ent t hat he knows of t he or der whi ch he di sobeys, and t hat hi s di sobedi ence pr oduces, or i s l i kel y t o pr oduce, har m.
I l l ust r at i on
An or der i s pr omul gat ed by a publ i c ser vant l awf ul l y empower ed t o pr omul gat ed such or der , di r ect i ng t hat a r el i gi ous pr ocessi on shal l not pass down a cer t ai n st r eet . A knowi ngl y di sobeys t he or der , and t her eby causes danger of r i ot . A has commi t t ed t he of f ence def i ned i n t hi s sect i on.
189.
Thr eat of i nj ur y t o publ i c ser vant .
189. Thr eat of i nj ur y t o publ i c ser vant . - - Whoever hol ds out any t hr eat of i nj ur y t o any publ i c ser vant , or t o any per son i n whomhe bel i eves t hat publ i c ser vant t o be i nt er est ed, f or t he pur pose of i nduci ng t hat publ i c ser vant t o do any act , or t o f or bear or del ay t o do any act , connect ed wi t h t he exer ci se of t he publ i c f unct i ons of such publ i c ser vant , shal l be puni shed wi t h i mpr i sonment of ei t her descr i pt i on f or a t er mwhi ch may ext end t o t wo year s, or wi t h f i ne, or wi t h bot h.
190.
Thr eat of i nj ur y t o i nduce per son t o r ef r ai n f r om appl yi ng f or pr ot ect i on t o publ i c ser vant .
190. Thr eat of i nj ur y t o i nduce per son t o r ef r ai n f r om appl yi ng f or pr ot ect i on t o publ i c ser vant . - - Whoever hol ds out any t hr eat of i nj ur y t o any per son f or t he pur pose of i nduci ng t hat per son t o r ef r ai n or desi st f r ommaki ng a l egal appl i cat i on f or pr ot ect i on agai nst any i nj ur y t o any publ i c ser vant l egal l y empower ed as such t o gi ve such pr ot ect i on, or t o cause such pr ot ect i on t o be gi ven, shal l be puni shed wi t h i mpr i sonment of ei t her descr i pt i on f or a t er m whi ch may ext end t o one year , or wi t h f i ne, or wi t h bot h.
CHAPTER XI
OF FALSE EVI DENCE AND OFFENCES AGAI NST PUBLI C J USTI CE
CHAPTER XI
OF FALSE EVI DENCE AND OFFENCES AGAI NST PUBLI C J USTI CE
191.
Gi vi ng f al se evi dence.
191. Gi vi ng f al se evi dence. - - Whoever , bei ng l egal l y bound by an oat h or by an expr ess pr ovi si on of l aw t o st at e t he t r ut h, or bei ng bound by l aw t o make a decl ar at i on upon any subj ect , makes any st at ement whi ch i s f al se, and whi ch he ei t her knows or bel i eves t o be f al se or does not bel i eve t o be t r ue, i s sai d t o gi ve f al se evi dence.
Expl anat i on 1. - A st at ement i s wi t hi n t he meani ng of t hi s sect i on whet her i t i s made ver bal l y or ot her wi se.
Expl anat i on 2. - A f al se st at ement as t o t he bel i ef of t he per son at t est i ng i s wi t hi n t he meani ng of t hi s sect i on, and a per son may be gui l t y of gi vi ng f al se evi dence by st at i ng t hat he bel i eves a t hi ng whi ch he does not bel i eve, as wel l as by st at i ng t hat he knows a t hi ng whi ch he does not know.
143
I l l ust r at i ons
( a) A, i n suppor t of a j ust cl ai m whi ch B has agai nst Z f or one t housand r upees, f al sel y swear s on a t r i al t hat he hear d Z admi t t he j ust i ce of B' s cl ai m. A has gi ven f al se evi dence.
( b) A, bei ng bound by an oat h t o st at e t he t r ut h, st at es t hat he bel i eves a cer t ai n si gnat ur e t o be t he handwr i t i ng of Z, when he does not bel i eve i t t o be t he handwr i t i ng of Z. Her e A st at es t hat whi ch he knows t o be f al se, and t her ef or e gi ves f al se evi dence.
( c) A, knowi ng t he gener al char act er of Z' s handwr i t i ng, st at es t hat he bel i eves a cer t ai n si gnat ur e t o be t he handwr i t i ng of Z; A i n good f ai t h bel i evi ng i t t o be so. Her e A' s st at ement i s mer el y as t o hi s bel i ef , and i s t r ue as t o hi s bel i ef , and t her ef or e, al t hough t he si gnat ur e may not be t he handwr i t i ng of Z, A has not gi ven f al se evi dence.
( d) A, bei ng bound by an oat h t o st at e t he t r ut h, st at es t hat he knows t hat Z was at a par t i cul ar pl ace on a par t i cul ar day, not knowi ng anyt hi ng upon t he subj ect . A gi ves f al se evi dence whet her Z was at t hat pl ace on t he day named or not .
( e) A, an i nt er pr et er or t r ansl at or , gi ves or cer t i f i es as a t r ue i nt er pr et at i on or t r ansl at i on of a st at ement or document , whi ch he i s bound by oat h t o i nt er pr et or t r ansl at e t r ul y, t hat whi ch i s not and whi ch he does not bel i eve t o be a t r ue i nt er pr et at i on or t r ansl at i on. A has gi ven f al se evi dence.
192.
Fabr i cat i ng f al se evi dence.
192. Fabr i cat i ng f al se evi dence. - - Whoever causes any ci r cumst ance t o exi st or makes any f al se ent r y i n any book or r ecor d, or makes any document cont ai ni ng a f al se st at ement , i nt endi ng t hat such ci r cumst ance, f al se ent r y or f al se st at ement may appear i n evi dence i n a j udi ci al pr oceedi ng, or i n a pr oceedi ng t aken by l aw bef or e a publ i c ser vant as such, or bef or e an ar bi t r at or , and t hat such ci r cumst ance, f al se ent r y or f al se st at ement , so appear i ng i n evi dence, may cause any per son who i n such pr oceedi ng i s t o f or m an opi ni on upon t he evi dence, t o ent er t ai n an er r oneous opi ni on t ouchi ng any poi nt mat er i al t o t he r esul t of such pr oceedi ng i s sai d " t o f abr i cat e f al se evi dence" .
I l l ust r at i ons
( a) A put s j ewel s i nt o a box bel ongi ng t o Z, wi t h t he i nt ent i on t hat t hey may be f ound i n t hat box, and t hat t hi s ci r cumst ance may cause Z t o be convi ct ed of t hef t . A has f abr i cat ed f al se evi dence.
( b) A makes a f al se ent r y i n hi s shop- book f or t he pur pose of usi ng i t as cor r obor at i ve evi dence i n a Cour t of J ust i ce. A has f abr i cat ed f al se evi dence.
( c) A, wi t h t he i nt ent i on of causi ng Z t o be convi ct ed of a cr i mi nal conspi r acy, wr i t es a l et t er i n i mi t at i on of Z' s handwr i t i ng, pur por t i ng t o be addr essed t o an accompl i ce i n such cr i mi nal conspi r acy, and put s t he l et t er i n a pl ace whi ch he knows t hat t he of f i cer s of t he pol i ce ar e l i kel y t o sear ch. A has f abr i cat ed f al se evi dence.
193.
Puni shment f or f al se evi dence.
193. Puni shment f or f al se evi dence. - - Whoever i nt ent i onal l y gi ves f al se evi dence i n any of a j udi ci al pr oceedi ng, or f abr i cat es f al se evi dence f or t he pur pose of bei ng used i n any st age of a j udi ci al pr oceedi ng, shal l be puni shed wi t h i mpr i sonment of ei t her descr i pt i on f or a t er mwhi ch may ext end t o seven year s, and shal l al so be l i abl e t o f i ne;
and whoever i nt ent i onal l y gi ves or f abr i cat es f al se evi dence i n any ot her case, shal l be puni shed wi t h i mpr i sonment of ei t her descr i pt i on f or a t er mwhi ch may ext end t o t hr ee year s, and shal l al so be l i abl e t o f i ne.
144
Expl anat i on 1. - A t r i al bef or e a Cour t - mar t i al 1****i s a j udi ci al pr oceedi ng.
Expl anat i on 2. - An i nvest i gat i on di r ect ed by l aw pr el i mi nar y t o a pr oceedi ng bef or e a Cour t of J ust i ce, i s a st age of a j udi ci al pr oceedi ng, t hough t hat i nvest i gat i on may not t ake pl ace bef or e a Cour t of J ust i ce.
I l l ust r at i on
A, i n an enqui r y bef or e a Magi st r at e f or t he pur pose of ascer t ai ni ng whet her Z ought t o be commi t t ed f or t r i al , makes on oat h a st at ement whi ch he knows t o be f al se. As t hi s enqui r y i s a st age of a j udi ci al pr oceedi ng, A as gi ven f al se evi dence.
Expl anat i on 3. - An i nvest i gat i on di r ect ed by a Cour t of J ust i ce accor di ng t o l aw, and conduct ed under t he aut hor i t y of a Cour t of J ust i ce, i s a st age of a j udi ci al pr oceedi ng, t hough t hat i nvest i gat i on may not t ake pl ace bef or e a Cour t of J ust i ce.
I l l ust r at i on
A, i n an enqui r y bef or e an of f i cer deput ed by a Cour t of J ust i ce t o ascer t ai n on t he spot t he boundar i es of l and, makes on oat h a st at ement whi ch he knows t o be f al se. As t hi s enqui r y i s a st age of a j udi ci al pr oceedi ng, A has gi ven f al se evi dence.
194.
Gi vi ng or f abr i cat i ng f al se evi dence wi t h i nt ent t o pr ocur e convi ct i on of capi t al of f ence;
194. Gi vi ng or f abr i cat i ng f al se evi dence wi t h i nt ent t o pr ocur e convi ct i on of capi t al of f ence. - - Whoever gi ves or f abr i cat es f al se evi dence, i nt endi ng t her eby t o cause, or knowi ng i t t o be l i kel y t hat he wi l l t her eby cause, any per son t o be convi ct ed of an of f ence whi ch i s capi t al 2*[ by t he l aws f or t he t i me bei ng i n f or ce i n 3*[ I ndi a] ] shal l be puni shed wi t h 4*[ i mpr i sonment f or l i f e] , or wi t h r i gor ous i mpr i sonment f or a t er mwhi ch may ext end t o t en year s, and shal l al so be l i abl e t o f i ne;
I f i nnocent per son be t her eby convi ct ed and execut ed.
I f i nnocent per son be t her eby convi cet ed and execut ed. - - and i f an i nnocent per son be convi ct ed and execut ed i n consequence of such f al se evi dence, t he per son who gi ves such f al se evi dence shal l be puni shed ei t her wi t h deat h or t he puni shment her ei nbef or e descr i bed.
195.
Gi vi ng or f abr i cat i ng f al se evi dence wi t h i nt ent t o pr ocur e convi ct i on of of f ence puni shabl e wi t h i mpr i sonment f or l i f e or i mpr i sonment .
195. Gi vi ng or f abr i cat i ng f al se evi dence wi t h i nt ent t o pr ocur e convi ct i on of of f ence puni shabl e wi t h i mpr i sonment f or l i f e or i mpr i sonment . - - Whoever gi ves or f abr i cat es f al se evi dence i nt endi ng t her eby t o cause, or knowi ng i t t o be l i kel y t hat he wi l l t her eby cause, any per son t o be convi ct ed of an of f ence whi ch 2*[ by t he l aw f or t he t i me bei ng i n f or ce i n 3*[ I ndi a] ] i s not capi t al , but puni shabl e wi t h 4*[ i mpr i sonment f or l i f e] , or i mpr i sonment f or a t er m of seven year s or upwar ds, shal l be puni shed as a per son convi ct ed of t hat of f ence woul d be l i abl e t o be puni shed.
I l l ust r at i on
A gi ves f al se evi dence bef or e a Cour t of J ust i ce, i nt endi ng t her eby t o cause Z t o be convi ct ed of a dacoi t y. The puni shment of dacoi t y i s 4*[ i mpr i sonment f or l i f e] , or r i gor ous i mpr i sonment f or a t er mwhi ch may ext end t o t en year s, wi t h or wi t hout f i ne. A, t her ef or e, i s l i abl e t o 5*[ i mpr i sonment f or l i f e] or i mpr i sonment , wi t h or wi t hout f i ne.
196.
Usi ng evi dence known t o be f al se.
196. Usi ng evi dence known t o be f al se. - - Whoever cor r upt l y uses or at t empt s t o use as t r ue or genui ne evi dence any evi dence whi ch he knows t o be f al se or f abr i cat ed, shal l be puni shed i n t he same manner as i f he gave or f abr i cat ed f al se evi dence. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1. The wor ds " or bef or e a Mi l i t ar y Cour t of Request " wer e omi t t ed by t he Cant onment s Act , 1889 ( 13 of 1889) .
2. Subs. by t he A. O. 1948, f or " by t he l aw of Br i t i sh I ndi a or Engl and" .
3. Subs. by Act 3 of 1951, s. 3 and Sch. , f or " t he St at es" .
4. Subs. by Act 26 of 1955, s. 117 and Sch. , f or " t r anspor t at i on f or l i f e" .
5. Subs. by s. 117 and Sch. , i bi d. , f or " such t r anspor t at i on" .
145
197.
I ssui ng or si gni ng f al se cer t i f i cat e.
197. I ssui ng or si gni ng f al se cer t i f i cat e. - - Whoever i ssues or si gns any cer t i f i cat e r equi r ed by l aw t o be gi ven or si gned, or r el at i ng t o any f act of whi ch such cer t i f i cat e i s by l aw admi ssi bl e i n evi dence, knowi ng or bel i evi ng t hat such cer t i f i cat e i s f al se i n any mat er i al poi nt , shal l be puni shed i n t he same manner as i f he gave f al se evi dence.
198.
Usi ng as t r ue a cer t i f i cat e known t o be f al se.
198. Usi ng as t r ue a cer t i f i cat e known t o be f al se. - - Whoever cor r upt l y uses or at t empt s t o use any such cer t i f i cat e as a t r ue cer t i f i cat e, knowi ng t he same t o be f al se i n any mat er i al poi nt , shal l be puni shed i n t he same manner as i f he gave f al se evi dence.
199.
Fal se st at ement made i n decl ar at i on whi ch i s by l aw r ecei vabl e as evi dence.
199. Fal se st at ement made i n decl ar at i on whi ch i s by l aw r ecei vabl e as evi dence. - - Whoever , i n any decl ar at i on made or subscr i bed by hi m, whi ch decl ar at i on any Cour t of J ust i ce, or any publ i c ser vant or ot her per son, i s bound or aut hor i zed by l aw t o r ecei ve as evi dence of any f act , makes any st at ement whi ch i s f al se, and whi ch he ei t her knows or bel i eves t o be f al se or does not bel i eve t o be t r ue, t ouchi ng any poi nt mat er i al t o t he obj ect f or whi ch t he decl ar at i on i s made or used, shal l be puni shed i n t he same manner as i f he gave f al se evi dence.
200.
Usi ng as t r ue such decl ar at i on knowi ng i t t o be f al se.
200. Usi ng as t r ue such decl ar at i on knowi ng i t t o be f l ase. - - Whoever cor r upt l y uses or at t empt s t o use as t r ue any such decl ar at i on, knowi ng t he same t o be f al se i n any mat er i al poi nt , shal l be puni shed i n t he same manner as i f he gave f al se evi dence.
Expl anat i on. - A decl ar at i on whi ch i s i nadmi ssi bl e mer el y upon t he gr ound of some i nf or mal i t y, i s a decl ar at i on wi t hi n t he meani ng of sect i ons 199 and 200.
201.
Causi ng di sappear ance of evi dence of of f ence, or gi vi ng f al se i nf or mat i on t o scr een of f ender .
201. Causi ng di sappear ance of evi dence of of f ence, or gi vi ng f al se i nf or mat i on t o scr een of f ender . - - Whoever , knowi ng or havi ng r eason t o bel i eve t hat an of f ence has been commi t t ed, causes any evi dence of t he commi ssi on of t hat of f ence t o di sappear , wi t h t he i nt ent i on of scr eeni ng t he of f ender f r om l egal puni shment , or wi t h t hat i nt ent i on gi ves any i nf or mat i on r espect i ng t he of f ence whi ch he knows or bel i eves t o be f al se,
i f a capi t al of f ence;
i f a capi t al of f ence. - - shal l , i f t he of f ence whi ch he knows or bel i eves t o have been commi t t ed i s puni shabl e wi t h deat h, be puni shed wi t h i mpr i sonment of ei t her descr i pt i on f or a t er mwhi ch may ext end t o seven year s, and shal l al so be l i abl e t o f i ne;
i f puni shabl e wi t h i mpr i sonment f or l i f e;
i f puni shabl e wi t h i mpr i sonment f or l i f e. - - and i f t he of f ence i s puni shabl e wi t h 1*[ i mpr i sonment f or l i f e] , or wi t h i mpr i sonment whi ch may ext end t o t en year s, shal l be puni shed wi t h i mpr i sonment of ei t her descr i pt i on f or a t er mwhi ch may ext end t o t hr ee year s, and shal l al so be l i abl e t o f i ne;
i f puni shabl e wi t h l ess t han t en year s' i mpr i sonment .
i f puni shabl e wi t h l ess t han t en year s' i mpr i sonment . - - and i f t he of f ence i s puni shabl e wi t h i mpr i sonment f or any t er m not ext endi ng t o t en year s, shal l be puni shed wi t h i mpr i sonment of t he descr i pt i on pr ovi ded f or t he of f ence, f or a t er mwhi ch may ext end t o one- f our t h par t of t he l ongest t er mof t he i mpr i sonment pr ovi ded f or t he of f ence, or wi t h f i ne, or wi t h bot h.
I l l ust r at i on
A, knowi ng t hat B has mur der ed Z, assi st s B t o hi de t he body wi t h t he i nt ent i on of scr eeni ng B f r om puni shment . A i s l i abl e t o i mpr i sonment of ei t her descr i pt i on f or seven year s, and al so t o f i ne.
202.
I nt ent i onal omi ssi on t o gi ve i nf or mat i on of of f ence by per son bound t o i nf or m.
202. I nt ent i onal omi ssi on t o gi ve i nf or mat i on of of f ence by per son bound t o i nf or m. - - Whoever , knowi ng or havi ng r eason t o bel i eve t hat an of f ence has been commi t t ed, i nt ent i onal l y omi t s t o gi ve any i nf or mat i on r espect i ng t hat of f ence whi ch he i s l egal l y bound t o gi ve, shal l be puni shed wi t h i mpr i sonment of ei t her descr i pt i on f or a t er m whi ch may ext end t o si x mont hs, or wi t h f i ne, or wi t h bot h. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1. Subs. by Act 26 of 1955, s. 117 and Sch. , f or " t r anspor t at i on f or l i f e" .
146
203.
Gi vi ng f al se i nf or mat i on r espect i ng an of f ence commi t t ed.
203. Gi vi ng f al se i nf or mat i on r espect i ng an of f ence commi t t ed. - - Whoever , knowi ng or havi ng r eason t o bel i eve t hat an of f ence has been commi t t ed, gi ves any i nf or mat i on r espect i ng t hat of f ence whi ch he knows or bel i eves t o be f al se, shal l be puni shed wi t h i mpr i sonment of ei t her descr i pt i on f or a t er m whi ch may ext end t o t wo year s, or wi t h f i ne, or wi t h bot h.
1*[ Expl anat i on. - I n spect i ons 201 and 202 and i n t hi s sect i on t he wor d " of f ence" i ncl udes any act commi t t ed at any pl ace out of 2*[ I ndi a] , whi ch, i f commi t t ed i n 2*[ I ndi a] , woul d be puni shabl e under any of t he f ol l owi ng sect i ons, namel y, 302, 304, 382, 392, 393, 394, 395, 396, 397, 398, 399, 402, 435, 436, 449, 450, 457, 458, 459 and 460. ]
204.
Dest r uct i on of document t o pr event i t s pr oduct i on as evi dence.
204. Dest r uct i on of document t o pr event i t s pr oduct i on as evi dence. - - Whoever secr et s or dest r oys any document whi ch he may be l awf ul l y compel l ed t o pr oduce as evi dence i n a Cour t of J ust i ce, or i n any pr oceedi ng l awf ul l y hel d bef or e a publ i c ser vant , as such, or obl i t er at es or r ender s i l l egi bl e t he whol e or any par t of such document wi t h t he i nt ent i on of pr event i ng t he same f r ombei ng pr oduced or used as evi dence bef or e such Cour t or publ i c ser vant as af or esai d, or af t er he shal l have been l awf ul l y summoned or r equi r ed t o pr oduce t he same f or t hat pur pose, shal l be puni shed wi t h i mpr i sonment of ei t her descr i pt i on f or a t er mwhi ch may ext end t o t wo year s, or wi t h f i ne, or wi t h bot h.
205.
Fal se per sonat i on f or pur pose of act or pr oceedi ng i n sui t or pr osecut i on.
205. Fal se per sonat i on f or pur pose of act or pr oceedi ng i n sui t or pr osecut i on. - - Whoever f al sel y per sonat es anot her , and i n such assumed char act er makes any admi ssi on or st at ement , or conf esses j udgment , or causes any pr ocess t o be i ssued or becomes bai l or secur i t y, or does any ot her act i n any sui t or cr i mi nal pr osecut i on, shal l be puni shed wi t h i mpr i sonment of ei t her descr i pt i on f or a t er m whi ch may ext end t o t hr ee year s, or wi t h f i ne, or wi t h bot h.
206.
Fr audul ent r emoval or conceal ment of pr oper t y t o pr event i t s sei zur e as f or f ei t ed or i n execut i on.
206. Fr audul ent r emoval or conceal ment of pr oper t y t o pr event i t s sei zur e as f or f ei t ed or i n execut i on. - - Whoever f r audul ent l y r emoves, conceal s, t r ansf er s or del i ver s t o any per son any pr oper t y or any i nt er est t her ei n, i nt endi ng t her eby t o pr event t hat pr oper t y or i nt er est t her ei n f r ombei ng t aken as a f or f ei t ur e or i n sat i sf act i on of a f i ne, under a sent ence whi ch has been pr onounced, or whi ch he knows t o be l i kel y t o be pr onounced, by a Cour t of J ust i ce or ot her compet ent aut hor i t y, or f r ombei ng t aken i n execut i on of a decr ee or or der whi ch has been made, or whi ch he knows t o be l i kel y t o be made by a Cour t of J ust i ce i n a ci vi l sui t , shal l be puni shed wi t h i mpr i sonment of ei t her descr i pt i on f or a t er mwhi ch may ext end t o t wo year s, or wi t h f i ne, or wi t h bot h.
207.
Fr audul ent cl ai mt o pr oper t y t o pr event i t s sei zur e as f or f ei t ed or i n execut i on.
207. Fr audul ent cl ai m t o pr oper t y t o pr event i t s sei zur e as f or f ei t ed or i n execut i on. - - Whoever f r audul ent l y accept s, r ecei ves or cl ai ms any pr oper t y or any i nt er est t her ei n, knowi ng t hat he has no r i ght or r i ght f ul cl ai mt o such pr oper t y or i nt er est , or pr act i ces any decept i on t ouchi ng any r i ght t o any pr oper t y or any i nt er est t her ei n, i nt endi ng t her eby t o pr event t hat pr oper t y or i nt er est t her ei n f r om bei ng t aken as a f or f ei t ur e or i n sat i sf act i on of a f i ne, under a sent ence whi ch has been pr onounced, or whi ch he knows t o be l i kel y t o be pr onounced by a Cour t of J ust i ce or ot her compet ent aut hor i t y, or f r ombei ng t aken i n execut i on of a decr ee or or der whi ch has been made, or whi ch he knows t o be l i kel y t o be made by a Cour t of J ust i ce i n a ci vi l sui t , shal l be puni shed wi t h i mpr i sonment of ei t her descr i pt i on f or a t er mwhi ch may ext end t o t wo year s, or wi t h f i ne, or wi t h bot h. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1. I ns. by Act 3 of 1894, s. 7.
2. Subs. by Act 3 of 1951, s. 3 and Sch. , f or " t he St at es" .
147
208.
Fr audul ent l y suf f er i ng decr ee f or sumnot due.
208. Fr audul ent l y suf f er i ng decr ee f or sum not due. - - Whoever f r audul ent l y causes or suf f er s a decr ee or or der t o be passed agai nst hi mat t he sui t of any per son f or a sumnot due or f or a l ar ger sum t han i s due t o such per son or f or any pr oper t y or i nt er est i n pr oper t y t o whi ch such per son i s not ent i t l ed, or f r audul ent l y causes or suf f er s a decr ee or or der t o be execut ed agai nst hi maf t er i t has been sat i sf i ed, or f or anyt hi ng i n r espect of whi ch i t has been sat i sf i ed, shal l be puni shed wi t h i mpr i sonment of ei t her descr i pt i on f or a t er m whi ch may ext end t o t wo year s, or wi t h f i ne, or wi t h bot h.
I l l ust r at i on
A i nst i t ut es a sui t agai nst Z. Z, knowi ng t hat A i s l i kel y t o obt ai n a decr ee agai nst hi m, f r audul ent l y suf f er s a j udgment t o pass agai nst hi m f or a l ar ger amount at t he sui t of B, who has no j ust cl ai m agai nst hi m, i n or der t hat B, ei t her on hi s own account or f or t he benef i t of Z, may shar e i n t he pr oceeds of any sal e of Z' s pr oper t y whi ch may be made under A' s decr ee. Z has commi t t ed an of f ence under t hi s sect i on.
209.
Di shonest l y maki ng f al se cl ai mi n Cour t .
209. Di shonest y maki ng f al se cl ai m i n Cour t . - - Whoever f r audul ent l y or di shonest l y, or wi t h i nt ent t o i nj ur e or annoy any per son, makes i n a Cour t of J ust i ce any cl ai m whi ch he knows t o be f al se, shal l be puni shed wi t h i mpr i sonment of ei t her descr i pt i on f or a t er mwhi ch may ext end t o t wo year s, and shal l al so be l i abl e t o f i ne.
210.
Fr audul ent l y obt ai ni ng decr ee f or sumnot due.
210. Fr audul ent l y obt ai ni ng decr ee f or sumnot due. - - Whoever f r audul ent l y obt ai ns a decr ee or or der agai nst any per son f or a sum not due, or f or a l ar ger sumt han i s due or f or any pr oper t y or i nt er est i n pr oper t y t o whi ch he i s not ent i t l ed, or f r audul ent l y causes a decr ee or or der t o be execut ed agai nst any per son af t er i t has been sat i sf i ed or f or anyt hi ng i n r espect of whi ch i t has been sat i sf i ed, or f r audul ent l y suf f er s or per mi t s any such act t o be done i n hi s name, shal l be puni shed wi t h i mpr i sonment of ei t her descr i pt i on f or a t er mwhi ch may ext end t o t wo year s, or wi t h f i ne, or wi t h bot h.
211.
Fal se char ge of of f ence made wi t h i nt ent t o i nj ur e.
211. Fal se char ge of of f ence made wi t h i nt ent t o i nj ur e. - - Whoever , wi t h i nt ent t o cause i nj ur y t o any per son, i nst i t ut es or causes t o be i nst i t ut ed any cr i mi nal pr oceedi ng agai nst t hat per son, or f al sel y char ges any per son wi t h havi ng commi t t ed an of f ence, knowi ng t hat t her e i s no j ust or l awf ul gr ound f or such pr oceedi ng or char ge agai nst t hat per son, shal l be puni shed wi t h i mpr i sonment of ei t her descr i pt i on f or a t er mwhi ch may ext end t o t wo year s, or wi t h f i ne, or wi t h bot h;
and i f such cr i mi nal pr oceedi ng be i nst i t ut ed on a f al se char ge of an of f ence puni shabl e wi t h deat h 1*[ i mpr i sonment f or l i f e] , or i mpr i sonment f or seven year s or upwar ds, shal l be puni shabl e wi t h i mpr i sonment of ei t her descr i pt i on f or a t er m whi ch may ext end t o seven year s, and shal l al so be l i abl e t o f i ne.
212.
Har bour i ng of f ender - i f a capi t al of f ence, i f puni shabl e wi t h i mpr i sonment f or l i f e, or wi t h i mpr i sonment .
212. Har bour i ng of f ender . - - Whenever an of f ence has been commi t t ed, whoever har bour s or conceal s a per son whomhe knows or has r eason t o bel i eve t o be t he of f ender , wi t h t he i nt ent i on of scr eeni ng hi mf r oml egal puni shment ,
i f a capi t al of f ence;
i f a capi t al of f ence; - - shal l , i f t he of f ence i s puni shabl e wi t h deat h, be puni shed wi t h i mpr i sonment of ei t her descr i pt i on f or a t er m whi ch may ext end t o f i ve year s, and shal l al so be l i abl e t o f i ne;
i f puni shabl e wi t h i mpr i sonment f or l i f e, or wi t h i mpr i sonment .
i f puni shabl e wi t h i mpr i sonment f or l i f e, or wi t h i mpr i sonment . - - and i f t he of f ence i s puni shabl e wi t h 1*[ i mpr i sonment f or l i f e] , or wi t h i mpr i sonment whi ch may ext end t o t en year s, shal l be puni shed wi t h i mpr i sonment of ei t her descr i pt i on f or a t er mwhi ch may ext end t o t hr ee year s, and shal l al so be l i abl e t o f i ne;
and i f t he of f ence i s puni shabl e wi t h i mpr i sonment whi ch may ext end t o one year , and not t o t en year s, shal l be puni shed wi t h i mpr i sonment of t he descr i pt i on pr ovi ded f or t he of f ence f or a t er m whi ch may ext end t o one- f our t h par t of t he l ongest t er m of i mpr i sonment pr ovi ded f or t he of f ence, or wi t h f i ne, or wi t h bot h. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1. Subs. by Act 26 of 1955, s. 117 and Sch. , f or " t r anspor t at i on f or l i f e" . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
148
1*[ " Of f ence" i n t hi s sect i on i ncl udes any act commi t t ed at any pl ace out of 2*[ I ndi a] , whi ch, i f commi t t ed i n 2*[ I ndi a] , woul d be puni shabl e under any of t he f ol l owi ng sect i ons, namel y, 302, 304, 382, 392, 393, 394, 395, 396, 397, 398, 399, 402, 435, 436, 449, 450, 457, 458, 459 and 460; and ever y such act shal l , f or t he pur poses of t hi s sect i on, be deemed t o be puni shabl e as i f t he accused per son had been gui l t y of i t i n 2*[ I ndi a] . ]
Except i on. - Thi s pr ovi si on shal l not ext end t o any case i n whi ch t he har bour or conceal ment i s by t he husband or wi f e of t he of f ender .
I l l ust r at i on
A, knowi ng t hat B has commi t t ed dacoi t y, knowi ngl y conceal s B i n or der t o scr een hi mf r oml egal puni shment . Her e, as B i s l i abl e t o 3*[ i mpr i sonment f or l i f e] , A i s l i abl e t o i mpr i sonment of ei t her descr i pt i on f or a t er mnot exceedi ng t hr ee year s, and i s al so l i abl e t o f i ne.
213.
Taki ng gi f t , et c. , t o scr een an of f ender f r ompuni shment - i f a capi t al of f ence; i f puni shabl e wi t h i mpr i sonment f or l i f e, or wi t h i mpr i sonment .
213. Taki ng gi f t , et c. , t o scr een an of f ender f r ompuni shment - - Whoever accept s or at t empt s t o obt ai n, or agr ees t o accept , any gr at i f i cat i on f or hi msel f or any ot her per son, or any r est i t ut i on of pr oper t y t o hi msel f or any ot her per son, i n consi der at i on of hi s conceal i ng an of f ence or of hi s scr eeni ng any per son f r oml egal puni shment f or any of f ence, or of hi s not pr oceedi ng agai nst any per son f or t he pur pose of br i ngi ng hi mt o l egal puni shment ,
i f a capi t al of f ence;
i f a capi t al of f ence; - shal l , i f t he of f ence i s puni shabl e wi t h deat h, be puni shed wi t h i mpr i sonment of ei t her descr i pt i on f or a t er m whi ch may ext end t o seven year s, and shal l al so be l i abl e t o f i ne;
i f puni shabl e wi t h i mpr i sonment f or l i f e, or wi t h i mpr i sonment .
i f puni shabl e wi t h i mpr i sonment f or l i f e, or wi t h i mpr i sonment . - - and i f t he of f ence i s puni shabl e wi t h 3*[ i mpr i sonment f or l i f e] , or wi t h i mpr i sonment whi ch may ext end t o t en year s, shal l be puni shed wi t h i mpr i sonment of ei t her descr i pt i on f or a t er mwhi ch may ext end t o t hr ee year s, and shal l al so be l i abl e t o f i ne;
and i f t he of f ence i s puni shabl e wi t h i mpr i sonment not ext endi ng t o t en year s, shal l be puni shed wi t h i mpr i sonment of t he descr i pt i on pr ovi ded f or t he of f ence f or a t er mwhi ch may ext end t o one f our t h par t of t he l ongest t er mof i mpr i sonment pr ovi ded f or t he of f ence, or wi t h f i ne, or wi t h bot h.
214.
Of f er i ng gi f t or r est or at i on of pr oper t y i n consi der at i on of scr eeni ng of f ender - i f a capi t al of f ence; i f puni shabl e wi t h i mpr i sonment f or l i f e, or wi t h i mpr i sonment .
214. Of f er i ng gi f t or r est or at i on of pr oper t y i n consi der at i on of scr eeni ng of f ender . - - Whoever gi ves or causes, or of f er s or agr ees t o gi ve or cause, any gr at i f i cat i on t o any per son, or 4*[ r est or es or causes t he r est or at i on of ] any pr oper t y t o any per son, i n consi der at i on of t hat per son' s conceal i ng an of f ence, or of hi s scr eeni ng any per son f r oml egal puni shment f or any of f ence, or of hi s not pr oceedi ng agai nst any per son f or t he pur pose of br i ngi ng hi mt o l egal puni shment ,
i f a capi t al of f ence;
i f a capi t al of f ence; - shal l , i f t he of f ence i s puni shabl e wi t h deat h, be puni shed wi t h i mpr i sonment of ei t her descr i pt i on f or a t er m whi ch may ext end t o seven year s, and shal l al so be l i abl e t o f i ne;
i f puni shabl e wi t h i mpr i sonment f or l i f e, or wi t h i mpr i sonment .
i f puni shabl e wi t h i mpr i sonment f or l i f e, or wi t h i mpr i sonment . - and i f t he of f ence i s puni shabl e wi t h 3*[ i mpr i sonment f or l i f e] or wi t h i mpr i sonment whi ch may ext end t o t en year s, shal l be puni shed wi t h i mpr i sonment of ei t her descr i pt i on f or a t er mwhi ch may ext end t o t hr ee year s, and shal l al so be l i abl e t o f i ne; - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1. I ns. by Act 3 of 1894, s. 7.
2. Subs. by Act 3 of 1951, s. 3 and Sch. , f or " t he St at es" .
3. Subs. by Act 26 of 1955, s. 117 and Sch. , f or " t r anspor t at i on f or l i f e" .
4. Subs. by Act 42 of 1953, s. 4 and t he Thi r d Sch. , f or " t o r est or e or cause t he r est or at i on of " . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
149
and i f t he of f ence i s puni shabl e wi t h i mpr i sonment not ext endi ng t o t en year s, shal l be puni shed wi t h i mpr i sonment of t he descr i pt i on pr ovi ded f or t he of f ence f or a t er m whi ch may ext end t o one- f our t h par t of t he l ongest t er mof i mpr i sonment pr ovi ded f or t he of f ence, or wi t h f i ne, or wi t h bot h.
1*[ Except i on. - The pr ovi si ons of sect i ons 213 and 214 do not ext end t o any case i n whi ch t he of f ence may l awf ul l y be compounded. ]
2* * * * *
215.
Taki ng gi f t t o hel p t o r ecover st ol en pr oper t y, et c.
215. Taki ng gi f t t o hel p t o r ecover st ol en pr oper t y, et c. - - Whoever t akes or agr ees or consent s t o t ake any gr at i f i cat i on under pr et ence or on account of hel pi ng any per son t o r ecover any movabl e pr oper t y of whi ch he shal l have been depr i ved by any of f ence puni shabl e under t hi s Code, shal l , unl ess he uses al l means i n hi s power t o cause t he of f ender t o be appr ehended and convi ct ed of t he of f ence, be puni shed wi t h i mpr i sonment of ei t her descr i pt i on f or a t er mwhi ch may ext end t o t wo year s, or wi t h f i ne, or wi t h bot h.
216.
Har bour i ng of f ender who has escaped f r omcust ody or whose appr ehensi on has been or der ed- i f a capi t al of f ence; i f puni shabl e wi t h i mpr i sonment f or l i f e, or wi t h i mpr i sonment .
216. Har bour i ng of f ender who has escaped f r omcust ody or whose appr ehensi on has been or der ed. - - Whenever any per son convi ct ed of or char ged wi t h an of f ence, bei ng i n l awf ul cust ody f or t hat of f ence, escapes f r omsuch cust ody,
or whenever a publ i c ser vant , i n t he exer ci se of t he l awf ul power s of such publ i c ser vant , or der s a cer t ai n per son t o be appr ehended f or an of f ence, whoever , knowi ng of such escape or or der f or appr ehensi on, har bour s or conceal s t hat per son wi t h t he i nt ent i on of pr event i ng hi mf r ombei ng appr ehended, shal l be puni shed i n t he manner f ol l owi ng, t hat i s t o say,
i f a capi t al of f ence;
i f a capi t al of f ence; - - i f t he of f ence f or whi ch t he per son was i n cust ody or i s or der ed t o be appr ehended i s puni shabl e wi t h deat h, he shal l be puni shed wi t h i mpr i sonment of ei t her descr i pt i on f or a t er m whi ch may ext end t o seven year s, and shal l al so be l i abl e t o f i ne;
i f puni shabl e wi t h i mpr i sonment f or l i f e, or wi t h i mpr i sonment .
i f puni shabl e wi t h i mpr i sonment f or l i f e, or wi t h i mpr i sonment . - i f t he of f ence i s puni shabl e wi t h 3*[ i mpr i sonment f or l i f e] or i mpr i sonment f or t en year s, he shal l be puni shed wi t h i mpr i sonment of ei t her descr i pt i on f or a t er mwhi ch may ext end t o t hr ee year s, wi t h or wi t hout f i ne;
and i f t he of f ence i s puni shabl e wi t h i mpr i sonment whi ch may ext end t o one year and not t o t en year s, he shal l be puni shed wi t h i mpr i sonment of t he descr i pt i on pr ovi ded f or t he of f ence f or a t er m whi ch may ext end t o one- f our t h par t of t he l ongest t er m of t he i mpr i sonment pr ovi ded f or such of f ence or wi t h f i ne, or wi t h bot h.
4*[ " Of f ence" i n t hi s sect i on i ncl udes al so any act or omi ssi on of whi ch a per son i s al l eged t o have been gui l t y out of 5*[ I ndi a] , whi ch, i f he had been gui l t y of i t i n 5*[ I ndi a] , woul d have been puni shabl e as an of f ence, and f or whi ch he i s, under any l aw r el at i ng t o ext r adi t i on, 6*or ot her wi se l i abl e t o be appr ehended or det ai ned i n cust ody i n 5*[ I ndi a] , and ever y such act or omi ssi on shal l , f or t he pur poses of t hi s sect i on, be deemed t o be puni shabl e as i f t he accused per son had been gui l t y of i t i n 5*[ I ndi a] . ]
Except i on. - The pr ovi si on does not ext end t o t he case i n whi ch t he har bour or conceal ment i s by t he husband or wi f e of t he per son t o be appr ehended.
216A.
Penal t y f or har bour i ng r obber s or dacoi t s.
7*[ 216A. Penal t y f or har bour i ng r obber s or dacoi t s. - - Whoever , knowi ng or havi ng r eason t o bel i eve t hat any per sons ar e about t o commi t or have r ecent l y commi t t ed r obber y or dacoi t y, - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1. Subs. by Act 8 of 1882, s. 6, f or t he or i gi nal Except i on. 2. I l l ust r at i on r ep. by Act 10 of 1882, s. 2 and Sch. I . 3. Subs. by Act 26 of 1955, s. 117 and Sch. , f or " t r anspor t at i on f or l i f e" . 4. I ns. by Act 10 of 1886, s. 23. 5. Subs. by Act 3 of 1951, s. 3 and Sch. , f or " t he St at es" . 6. The wor ds " or under t he Fugi t i ve Of f ender s Act , 1881" omi t t ed by s. 3 and Sch. , i bi d. 7. I ns. by Act 3 of 1894, s. 8. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
150
har bour s t hemor any of t hem, wi t h t he i nt ent i on of f aci l i t at i ng t he commi ssi on of such r obber y or dacoi t y or of scr eeni ng t hem or any of t hemf r ompuni shment , shal l be puni shed wi t h r i gor ous i mpr i sonment f or a t er mwhi ch may ext end t o seven year s, and shal l al so be l i abl e t o f i ne.
Expl anat i on. - For t he pur poses of t hi s sect i on i t i s i mmat er i al whet her t he r obber y or dacoi t y i s i nt ended t o be commi t t ed, or has been commi t t ed, wi t hi n or wi t hout 1*[ I ndi a] .
Except i on. - Thi s pr ovi si on does not ext end t o t he case i n whi ch t he har bour i s by t he husband or wi f e of t he of f ender . ]
216B.
[ Repeal ed. ]
2*[ 216B. Def i ni t i on of " har bour " i n sect i ons 212, 216 and 216A. ] Rep. by t he I ndi an Penal Code ( Amendment ) Act , 1942 ( 8 of 1942) , s. 3.
217.
Publ i c ser vant di sobeyi ng di r ect i on of l aw wi t h i nt ent t o save per son f r ompuni shment or pr oper t y f r omf or f ei t ur e.
217. Publ i c ser vant di sobeyi ng di r ect i on of l aw wi t h i nt ent t o save per son f r ompuni shment or pr oper t y f r om f or f ei t ur e. - - Whoever , bei ng a publ i c ser vant , knowi ngl y di sobeys any di r ect i on of t he l aw as t o t he way i n whi ch he i s t o conduct hi msel f as such publ i c ser vant , i nt endi ng t her eby t o save, or knowi ng i t t o be l i kel y t hat he wi l l t her eby save, any per son f r oml egal puni shment , or subj ect hi mt o a l ess puni shment t han t hat t o whi ch he i s l i abl e, or wi t h i nt ent t o save, or knowi ng t hat he i s l i kel y t her eby t o save, any pr oper t y f r om f or f ei t ur e or any char ge t o whi ch i t i s l i abl e by l aw, shal l be puni shed wi t h i mpr i sonment of ei t her descr i pt i on f or a t er mwhi ch may ext end t o t wo year s, or wi t h f i ne, or wi t h bot h.
218.
Publ i c ser vant f r ami ng i ncor r ect r ecor d or wr i t i ng wi t h i nt ent t o save per son f r ompuni shment or pr oper t y f r omf or f ei t ur e.
218. Publ i c ser vant f r ami ng i ncor r ect r ecor d or wr i t i ng wi t h i nt ent t o save per son f r ompuni shment or pr oper t y f r omf or f ei t ur e. - - Whoever , bei ng a publ i c ser vant , and bei ng as such publ i c ser vant , char ged wi t h t he pr epar at i on of any r ecor d or ot her wr i t i ng, f r ames t hat r ecor d or wr i t i ng i n a manner whi ch he knows t o be i ncor r ect , wi t h i nt ent t o cause, or knowi ng i t t o be l i kel y t hat he wi l l t her eby cause, l oss or i nj ur y t o t he publ i c or t o any per son, or wi t h i nt ent t her eby t o save, or knowi ng i t t o be l i kel y t hat he wi l l t her eby save, any per son f r oml egal puni shment , or wi t h i nt ent t o save, or knowi ng t hat he i s l i kel y t her eby t o save, any pr oper t y f r om f or f ei t ur e or ot her char ge t o whi ch i t i s l i abl e by l aw, shal l be puni shed wi t h i mpr i sonment of ei t her descr i pt i on f or a t er mwhi ch may ext end t o t hr ee year s, or wi t h f i ne, or wi t h bot h.
219.
Publ i c ser vant i n j udi ci al pr oceedi ng cor r upt l y maki ng r epor t , et c. , cont r ar y t o l aw.
219. Publ i c ser vant i n j udi ci al pr oceedi ng cor r upt l y maki ng r epor t , et c. , cont r ar y t o l aw. - - Whoever , bei ng a publ i c ser vant , cor r upt l y or mal i ci ousl y makes or pr onounces i n any st age of a j udi ci al pr oceedi ng, any r epor t , or der , ver di ct , or deci si on whi ch he knows t o be cont r ar y t o l aw, shal l be puni shed wi t h i mpr i sonment of ei t her descr i pt i on f or a t er mwhi ch may ext end t o seven year s, or wi t h f i ne, or wi t h bot h.
220.
Commi t ment f or t r i al or conf i nement by per son havi ng aut hor i t y who knows t hat he i s act i ng cont r ar y t o l aw.
220. Commi t ment f or t r i al or conf i nement by per son havi ng aut hor i t y who knows t hat he i s act i ng cont r ar y t o l aw. - - Whoever , bei ng i n any of f i ce whi ch gi ves hi ml egal aut hor i t y t o commi t per sons f or t r i al or t o conf i nement , or t o keep per sons i n conf i nement , cor r upt l y or mal i ci ousl y commi t s any per son f or t r i al or t o conf i nement , or keeps any per son i n conf i nement , i n t he exer ci se of t hat aut hor i t y, knowi ng t hat i n so doi ng he i s act i ng cont r ar y t o l aw, shal l be puni shed wi t h i mpr i sonment of ei t her descr i pt i on f or a t er mwhi ch may ext end t o seven year s, or wi t h f i ne, or wi t h bot h.
221.
I nt ent i onal omi ssi on t o appr ehend on t he par t of publ i c ser vant bound t o appr ehend.
221. I nt ent i onal omi ssi on t o appr ehend on t he par t of publ i c ser vant bound t o appr ehend. - - Whoever , bei ng a pubi c ser vant , l egal l y bound as such publ i c ser vant t o appr ehend or t o keep i n conf i nement any per son char ged wi t h or l i abl e t o be appr ehended f or an of f ence, i nt ent i onal l y omi t s t o appr ehend such per son, or i nt ent i onal l y suf f er s such per son t o escape, or i nt ent i onal l y ai ds such per son i n escapi ng or at t empt i ng t o escape f r om such conf i nement , shal l be puni shed as f ol l ows, t hat i s t o say: -
wi t h i mpr i sonment of ei t her descr i pt i on f or a t er m whi ch may ext end t o seven year s, wi t h or wi t hout f i ne, i f t he per son i n conf i nement , or who ought t o have been appr ehended, was char ged wi t h, or l i abl e t o be appr ehended f or , an of f ence puni shabl e wi t h deat h; or - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1. Subs. by Act 3 of 1951, s. 3 and Sch. , f or " t he St at es" .
wi t h i mpr i sonment of ei t her descr i pt i on f or a t er mwhi ch may ext end t o t hr ee year s, wi t h or wi t hout f i ne, i f t he per son i n conf i nement , or who ought t o have been appr ehended, was char ged wi t h, or l i abl e t o be appr ehended f or , an of f ence puni shabl e wi t h 1*[ i mpr i sonment f or l i f e] or i mpr i sonment f or a t er mwhi ch may ext end t o t en year s; or
wi t h i mpr i sonment of ei t her descr i pt i on f or a t er mwhi ch may ext end t o t wo year s, wi t h or wi t hout f i ne, i f t he per son i n conf i nement , or who ought t o have been appr ehended, was char ged wi t h, or l i abl e t o be appr ehended f or , an of f ence puni shabl e wi t h i mpr i sonment f or a t er ml ess t han t en year s.
222.
I nt ent i onal omi ssi on t o appr ehend on t he par t of publ i c ser vant bound t o appr ehend per son under sent ence or l awf ul l y commi t t ed.
222. I nt ent i onal omi ssi on t o appr ehend on t he par t of publ i c ser vant bound t o appr ehend per son under sent ence or l awf ul l y commi t t ed. - - Whoever , bei ng a publ i c ser vant , l egal l y bound as such publ i c ser vant t o appr ehend or t o keep i n conf i nement any per son under sent ence of a Cour t of J ust i ce f or any of f ence 2*[ or l awf ul l y commi t t ed t o cust ody] , i nt ent i onal l y omi t s t o appr ehend such per son, or i nt ent i onal l y suf f er s such per son t o escape or i nt ent i onal l y ai ds such per son i n escapi ng or at t empt i ng t o escape f r omsuch conf i nement , shal l be puni shed as f ol l ows, t hat i s t o say: -
wi t h 1*[ i mpr i sonment f or l i f e] or wi t h i mpr i sonment of ei t her descr i pt i on f or a t er mwhi ch may ext end t o f our t een year s, wi t h or wi t hout f i ne, i f t he per son i n conf i nement , or who ought t o have been appr ehended, i s under sent ence of deat h; or
wi t h i mpr i sonment of ei t her descr i pt i on f or a t er m whi ch may ext end t o seven year s, wi t h or wi t hout f i ne, i f t he per son i n conf i nement , or who, ought t o have been appr ehended, i s subj ect , by a sent ence of a Cour t of J ust i ce, or by vi r t ue of a commut at i on of such sent ence, t o 1*[ i mpr i sonment f or l i f e] 3*** 4*** 5*** 6*** or i mpr i sonment f or a t er mof t en year s or upwar ds; or
wi t h i mpr i sonment of ei t her descr i pt i on f or a t er mwhi ch may ext end t o t hr ee year s, or wi t h f i ne, or wi t h bot h, i f t he per son i n conf i nement , or who ought t o have been appr ehended i s subj ect , by a sent ence of a Cour t of J ust i ce, t o i mpr i sonment f or a t er m not ext endi ng t o t en year s 2*[ or i f t he per son was l awf ul l y commi t t ed t o cust ody] .
223.
Escape f r omconf i nement or cust ody negl i gent l y suf f er ed by publ i c ser vant .
223. Escape f r om conf i nement or cust ody negl i gent l y suf f er ed by publ i c ser vant . - - Whoever , bei ng a publ i c ser vant l egal l y bound as such publ i c ser vant t o keep i n conf i nement any per son char ged wi t h or convi ct ed of any of f ence 2*[ or l awf ul l y commi t t ed t o cust ody] , negl i gent l y suf f er s such per son t o escape f r omconf i nement , shal l be puni shed wi t h si mpl e i mpr i sonment f or a t er mwhi ch may ext end t o t wo year s, or wi t h f i ne, or wi t h bot h.
224.
Resi st ance or obst r uct i on by a per son t o hi s l awf ul appr ehensi on.
224. Resi st ance or obst r uct i on by a per son t o hi s l awf ul appr ehensi on. - - Whoever i nt ent i onal l y of f er s any r esi st ance or i l l egal obst r uct i on t o t he l awf ul appr ehensi on of hi msel f f or any of f ence wi t h whi ch he i s char ged or of whi ch he has been convi ct ed, or escapes or at t empt s t o escape f r omany cust ody i n whi ch he i s l awf ul l y det ai ned f or any such of f ence, shal l be puni shed wi t h i mpr i sonment of ei t her descr i pt i on f or a t er mwhi ch may ext end t o t wo year s, or wi t h f i ne, or wi t h bot h.
Expl anat i on. - The puni shment i n t hi s sect i on i s i n addi t i on t o t he puni shment f or whi ch t he per son t o be appr ehended or det ai ned i n cust ody was l i abl e f or t he of f ence wi t h whi ch he was char ged, or of whi ch he was convi ct ed. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1. Subs. by Act 26 of 1955, s. 117 and Sch. , f or " t r anspor t at i on f or l i f e" .
2. I ns. by Act 27 of 1870, s. 8. 3. The wor ds " or penal ser vi t ude f or l i f e" omi t t ed by Act 17 of 1949, s. 2. 4. The wor ds " or t o" omi t t ed by Act 36 of 1957, s. 3 and Sch. I I . 5. The wor d " t r anspor t at i on" omi t t ed by Act 26 of 1955, s. 117 and Sch. 6. The wor ds " or penal ser vi t ude" omi t t ed by Act 17 of 1949, s. 2. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
152
225.
Resi st ance or obst r uct i on t o l awf ul appr ehensi on of anot her per son.
225. Resi st ance or obst r uct i on t o l awf ul appr ehensi on of anot her per son. - - Whoever i nt ent i onal l y of f er s any r esi st ance or i l l egal obst r uct i on t o t he l awf ul appr ehensi on of any ot her per son f or an of f ence, or r escues or at t empt s t o r escue any ot her per son f r omany cust ody i n whi ch t hat per son i s l awf ul l y det ai ned f or an of f ence, shal l be puni shed wi t h i mpr i sonment of ei t her descr i pt i on f or a t er m whi ch may ext end t o t wo year s, or wi t h f i ne, or wi t h bot h;
or , i f t he per son t o be appr ehended, or t he per son r escued or at t empt ed t o be r escued, i s char ged wi t h or l i abl e t o be appr ehended f or an of f ence puni shabl e wi t h 1*[ i mpr i sonment f or l i f e] or i mpr i sonment f or a t er m whi ch may ext end t o t en year s, shal l be puni shed wi t h i mpr i sonment of ei t her descr i pt i on f or a t er mwhi ch may ext end t o t hr ee year s, and shal l al so be l i abl e t o f i ne;
or , i f t he per son t o be appr ehended or r escued, or at t empt ed t o be r escued, i s char ged wi t h or l i abl e t o be appr ehended f or an of f ence puni shabl e wi t h deat h, shal l be puni shed wi t h i mpr i sonment of ei t her descr i pt i on f or a t er mwhi ch may ext end t o seven year s, and shal l al so be l i abl e t o f i ne;
or , i f t he per son t o be appr ehended or r escued, or at t empt ed t o be r escued, i s l i abl e under t he sent ence of a Cour t of J ust i ce, or by vi r t ue of a commut at i on of such a sent ence, t o 1*[ i mpr i sonment f or l i f e] , 2*** 3*** 4*** or i mpr i sonment , f or a t er mof t en year s or upwar ds, shal l be puni shed wi t h i mpr i sonment of ei t her descr i pt i on f or a t er m whi ch may ext end t o seven year s, and shal l al so be l i abl e t o f i ne;
or , i f t he per son t o be appr ehended or r escued, or at t empt ed t o be r escued, i s under sent ence of deat h, shal l be puni shed wi t h 1[ i mpr i sonment f or l i f e] or i mpr i sonment of ei t her descr i pt i on f or a t er mnot exceedi ng t en year s, and shal l al so be l i abl e t o f i ne.
225A.
Omi ssi on t o appr ehend, or suf f er ance of escape, on par t of publ i c ser vant , i n cases not ot her wi se, pr ovi ded f or .
5*[ 225A. Omi ssi on t o appr ehend, or suf f er ance of escape, on par t of publ i c ser vant , i n cases not ot her wi se, pr ovi ded f or . - - Whoever , bei ng a publ i c ser vant l egal l y bound as such publ i c ser vant t o appr ehend, or t o keep i n conf i nement , any per son i n any case not pr ovi ded f or i n sect i on 221, sect i on 222 or sect i on 223, or i n any ot her l aw f or t he t i me bei ng i n f or ce, omi t s t o appr ehend t hat per son or suf f er s hi mt o escape f r omconf i nement , shal l be puni shed-
( a) i f he does so i nt ent i onal l y, wi t h i mpr i sonment of ei t her descr i pt i on f or a t er mwhi ch may ext end t o t hr ee year s, or wi t h f i ne or wi t h bot h; and
( b) i f he does so negl i gent l y, wi t h si mpl e i mpr i sonment f or a t er mwhi ch may ext end t o t wo year s, or wi t h f i ne, or wi t h bot h.
225B.
Resi st ance or obst r uct i on t o l awf ul appr ehensi on, or escape or r escue i n cases not ot her wi se pr ovi ded f or .
225B. Resi st ance or obst r uct i on t o l awf ul appr ehensi on, or escape or r escue i n cases not ot her wi se pr ovi ded f or . - - Whoever , i n any case not pr ovi ded f or i n sect i on 224 or sect i on 225 or i n any ot her l aw f or t he t i me bei ng i n f or ce, i nt ent i onal l y of f er s any r esi st ance or i l l egal obst r uct i on t o t he l awf ul appr ehensi on of hi msel f or of any ot her per son, or escapes or at t empt s t o escape f r omany cust ody i n whi ch he i s l awf ul l y det ai ned, or r escues or at t empt s t o r escue any ot her per son f r om any cust ody i n whi ch t hat per son i s l awf ul l y det ai ned, shal l be puni shed wi t h i mpr i sonment of ei t her descr i pt i on f or a t er mwhi ch may ext end t o si x mont hs, or wi t h f i ne, or wi t h bot h. ] - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1. Subs. by Act 26 of 1955, s. 117 and Sch. , f or " t r anspor t at i on f or l i f e" . 2. The wor ds " or t o" omi t t ed by Act 36 of 1957, s. 3 and Sch. I I . 3. The wor d " t r anspor t at i on" omi t t ed by Act 26 of 1955, s. 117 and Sch. 4. The wor ds " penal ser vi t ude" r ep. by Act 17 of 1949, s. 2. 5. Ss. 225A and 225B wer e subs. by Act 10 of 1886, s. 24( 1) , f or s. 225A, whi ch had been i ns. by Act 27 of 1870, s. 9. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
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226.
[ Repeal ed. ]
226. [ Unl awf ul r et ur n f r omt r anspor t at i on. ] Rep. by t he Code of Cr i mi nal Pr ocedur e ( Amendment ) Act , 1955 ( 26 of 1955) , s. 117 and Sch.
227.
Vi ol at i on of condi t i on of r emi ssi on of puni shment .
227. Vi ol at i on of condi t i on of r emi ssi on of puni shment . - - Whoever , havi ng accept ed any condi t i onal r emi ssi on of puni shment , knowi ngl y vi ol at es any condi t i on on whi ch such r emi ssi on was gr ant ed, shal l be puni shed wi t h t he puni shment t o whi ch he was or i gi nal l y sent enced, i f he has al r eady suf f er ed no par t of t hat puni shment , and i f he has suf f er ed any par t of t hat puni shment , t hen wi t h so much of t hat puni shment as he has not al r eady suf f er ed.
228.
I nt ent i onal i nsul t or i nt er r upt i on t o publ i c ser vant si t t i ng i n j udi ci al pr oceedi ng.
228. I nt ent i onal i nsul t or i nt er r upt i on t o publ i c ser vant si t t i ng i n j udi ci al pr oceedi ng. - - Whoever i nt ent i onal l y of f er s any i nsul t , or causes any i nt er r upt i on t o any publ i c ser vant , whi l e such publ i c ser vant i s si t t i ng i n any st age of a j udi ci al pr oceedi ng, shal l be puni shed wi t h si mpl e i mpr i sonment f or a t er mwhi ch may ext end t o si x mont hs, or wi t h f i ne whi ch may ext end t o one t housand r upees, or wi t h bot h.
228A.
Di scl osur e of i dent i t y of t he vi ct i mof cer t ai n of f ences, et c.
1*[ 228A. Di scl osur e of i dent i t y of t he vi ct i m of cer t ai n of f ences, et c. - - ( 1) Whoever pr i nt s or publ i shes t he name or any mat t er whi ch may make known t he i dent i t y of any per son agai nst whoman of f ence under sect i on 376, sect i on 376A, sect i on 376B, sect i on 376C or sect i on 376D i s al l eged or f ound t o have been commi t t ed ( her eaf t er i n t hi s sect i on r ef er r ed t o as t he vi ct i m) shal l be puni shed wi t h i mpr i sonment of ei t her descr i pt i on f or a t er mwhi ch may ext end t o t wo year s and shal l al so be l i abl e t o f i ne.
( 2) Not hi ng i n sub- sect i on ( 1) ext ends t o any pr i nt i ng or publ i cat i on of t he name or any mat t er whi ch may make known t he i dent i t y of t he vi ct i mi f such pr i nt i ng or publ i cat i on i s-
( a) by or under t he or der i n wr i t i ng of t he of f i cer - i n- char ge of t he pol i ce st at i on or t he pol i ce of f i cer maki ng t he i nvest i gat i on i nt o such of f ence act i ng i n good f ai t h f or t he pur poses of such i nvest i gat i on; or
( b) by, or wi t h t he aut hor i sat i on i n wr i t i ng of , t he vi ct i m; or
( c) wher e t he vi ct i mi s dead or mi nor or of unsound mi nd, by, or wi t h t he aut hor i sat i on i n wr i t i ng of , t he next - of - ki n of t he vi ct i m:
Pr ovi ded t hat no such aut hor i sat i on shal l be gi ven by t he next - of - ki n t o anybody ot her t han t he chai r man or t he secr et ar y, by what ever name cal l ed, of any r ecogni sed wel f ar e i nst i t ut i on or or gani sat i on.
Expl anat i on. - For t he pur poses of t hi s sub- sect i on, " r ecogni sed wel f ar e i nst i t ut i on or or gani sat i on" means a soci al wel f ar e i nst i t ut i on or or gani sat i on r ecogni sed i n t hi s behal f by t he Cent r al or St at e Gover nment .
( 3) Whoever pr i nt s or publ i shes any mat t er i n r el at i on t o any pr oceedi ng bef or e a cour t wi t h r espect t o an of f ence r ef er r ed t o i n sub- sect i on ( 1) wi t hout t he pr evi ous per mi ssi on of such cour t shal l be puni shed wi t h i mpr i sonment of ei t her descr i pt i on f or a t er m whi ch may ext end t o t wo year s and shal l al so be l i abl e t o f i ne.
Expl anat i on. - The pr i nt i ng or publ i cat i on of t he j udgment of any Hi gh Cour t or t he Supr eme Cour t does not amount t o an of f ence wi t hi n t he meani ng of t hi s sect i on. ]
229.
Per sonat i on of a j ur or or assessor .
229. Per sonat i on of a j ur or or assessor . - - Whoever , by per sonat i on or ot her wi se, shal l i nt ent i onal l y cause, or knowi ngl y suf f er hi msel f t o be r et ur ned, empanel l ed or swor n as a j ur yman or assessor i n any case i n whi ch he knows t hat he i s not ent i t l ed by l aw t o be so r et ur ned, empanel l ed or swor n, or knowi ng hi msel f t o have been so r et ur ned, empanel l ed or swor n cont r ar y t o l aw, shal l vol unt ar i l y ser ve on such j ur y or as such assessor , shal l be puni shed wi t h i mpr i sonment of ei t her descr i pt i on f or a t er m whi ch may ext end t o t wo year s, or wi t h f i ne, or wi t h bot h. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1. I ns. by Act 43 of 1983, s. 2 ( w. e. f . 25- 12- 1983) . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
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CHAPTER XI I
OF OFFENCES RELATI NG TO COI N AND GOVERNMENT STAMPS
CHAPTER XI I
OF OFFENCES RELATI NG TO COI N AND GOVERNMENT STAMPS
230.
" Coi n" def i ned.
230. " Coi n" def i ned. - - 1*[ Coi n i s met al used f or t he t i me bei ng as money, and st amped and i ssued by t he aut hor i t y of some St at e or Sover ei gn Power i n or der t o be so used. ]
I ndi an coi n
I ndi an coi n- - 2*[ I ndi an coi n i s met al st amped and i ssued by t he aut hor i t y of t he Gover nment of I ndi a i n or der t o be used as money; and met al whi ch has been so st amped and i ssued shal l cont i nue t o be I ndi an coi n f or t he pur poses of t hi s Chapt er , not wi t hst andi ng t hat i t may have ceased t o be used as money. ]
I l l ust r at i ons
( a) Cowr i es ar e not coi n.
( b) Lumps of unst amped copper , t hough used as money, ar e not coi n.
( c) Medal s ar e not coi n, i nasmuch as t hey ar e not i nt ended t o be used as money.
( d) The coi n denomi nat ed as t he Company' s r upee i s 3[ I ndi an coi n] .
4*( e) The " Far ukhabad r upee" , whi ch was f or mer l y used as money under t he aut hor i t y of t he Gover nment of I ndi a, i s 3[ I ndi an coi n] al t hough i t i s no l onger so used. ]
231.
Count er f ei t i ng coi n.
231. Count er f ei t i ng coi n. - - Whoever count er f ei t s or knowi ngl y per f or ms any par t of t he pr ocess of count er f ei t i ng coi n, shal l be puni shed wi t h i mpr i sonment of ei t her descr i pt i on f or a t er mwhi ch may ext end t o seven year s, and shal l al so be l i abl e t o f i ne.
Expl anat i on. - A per son commi t s t hi s of f ence who i nt endi ng t o pr act i se decept i on, or knowi ng i t t o be l i kel y t hat decept i on wi l l t her eby be pr act i sed, causes a genui ne coi n t o appear l i ke a di f f er ent coi n.
232.
Count er f ei t i ng I ndi an coi n.
232. Count er f ei t i ng I ndi an coi n. - - Whoever count er f ei t s, or knowi ngl y per f or ms any par t of t he pr ocess of count er f ei t i ng 3*[ I ndi an coi n] , shal l be puni shed wi t h 5*[ i mpr i sonment f or l i f e] , or wi t h i mpr i sonment of ei t her descr i pt i on f or a t er mwhi ch may ext end t o t en year s, and shal l al so be l i abl e t o f i ne.
233.
Maki ng or sel l i ng i nst r ument f or count er f ei t i ng coi n.
233. Maki ng or sel l i ng i nst r ument f or count er f ei t i ng coi n. - - Whoever makes or mends, or per f or ms any par t of t he pr ocess of maki ng or mendi ng, or buys, sel l s or di sposes of , any di e or i nst r ument , f or t he pur pose of bei ng used, or knowi ng or havi ng r eason t o bel i eve t hat i t i s i nt ended t o be used, f or t he pur pose of count er f ei t i ng coi n, shal l be puni shed wi t h i mpr i sonment of ei t her descr i pt i on f or a t er m whi ch may ext ended t o t hr ee year s, and shal l al so be l i abl e t o f i ne.
234.
Maki ng or sel l i ng i nst r ument f or count er f ei t i ng I ndi an coi n.
234. Maki ng or sel l i ng i nst r ument f or count er f ei t i ng I ndi an coi n. - - Whoever makes or mends, or per f or ms any par t of t he pr ocess of maki ng or mendi ng or buys, sel l s or di sposes of , any di e or i nst r ument , f or t he pur pose of bei ng used, or knowi ng or havi ng r eason t o bel i eve t hat i t i s i nt ended t o be used, f or t he pur pose of count er f ei t i ng 3[ I ndi an coi n] , shal l be puni shed wi t h i mpr i sonment of ei t her descr i pt i on f or a t er mwhi ch may ext end t o seven year s, and shal l al so be l i abl e t o f i ne.
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1. Subs. by Act 19 of 1872, s. 1, f or t he or i gi nal par agr aph. 2. Subs. by t he A. O. 1950, f or t he f or mer par agr aph. 3. Subs. , i bi d. , f or " t he Queen' s coi n" . 4. I ns. by Act 6 of 1896, s. 1( 2) . 5. Subs. by Act 26 of 1955, s. 117 and Sch. , f or " t r anspor t at i on f or l i f e" . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
155
235.
Possessi on of i nst r ument or mat er i al f or t he pur pose of usi ng t he same f or count er f ei t i ng coi n.
235. Possessi on of i nst r ument or mat er i al f or t he pur pose of usi ng t he same f or count er f ei t i ng coi n. - - Whoever i s i n possessi on of any i nst r ument or mat er i al , f or t he pur pose of usi ng t he same f or count er f ei t i ng coi n, or knowi ng or havi ng r eason t o bel i eve t hat t he same i s i nt ended t o be used f or t hat pur pose, shal l be puni shed wi t h i mpr i sonment of ei t her descr i pt i on f or a t er m whi ch may ext end t o t hr ee year s, and shal l al so be l i abl e t o f i ne;
i f I ndi an coi n.
i f I ndi an coi n. - - and i f t he coi n t o be count er f ei t ed i s 1*[ I ndi an coi n] , shal l be puni shed wi t h i mpr i sonment of ei t her descr i pt i on f or a t er m whi ch may ext end t o t en year s, and shal l al so be l i abl e t o f i ne.
236.
Abet t i ng i n I ndi a t he count er f ei t i ng out of I ndi a of coi n.
236. Abet t i ng i n I ndi a t he count er f ei t i ng out of I ndi a of coi n. - - Whoever , bei ng wi t hi n 2*[ I ndi a] abet s t he count er f ei t i ng of coi n out of 2*[ I ndi a] shal l be puni shed i n t he same manner as i f he abet t ed t he count er f ei t i ng of such coi n wi t hi n 2*[ I ndi a] .
237.
I mpor t or expor t of count er f ei t coi n.
237. I mpor t or expor t of count er f ei t coi n. - - Whoever i mpor t s i nt o 2*[ I ndi a] , or expor t s t her ef r om, any count er f ei t coi n, knowi ngl y or havi ng r eason t o bel i eve t hat t he same i s count er f ei t , shal l be puni shed wi t h i mpr i sonment of ei t her descr i pt i on f or a t er mwhi ch may ext end t o t hr ee year s, and shal l al so be l i abl e t o f i ne.
238.
I mpor t or expor t of count er f ei t s of t he I ndi an coi n.
238. I mpor t or expor t of count er f ei t s of t he I ndi an coi n. - - Whoever i mpor t s i nt o 2*[ I ndi a] , or expor t s t her ef r om, any count er f ei t coi n, whi ch he knows or has r eason t o bel i eve t o be a count er f ei t of 1*[ I ndi an coi n] , shal l be puni shed wi t h 3*[ I mpr i sonment f or l i f e] , or wi t h i mpr i sonment of ei t her descr i pt i on f or a t er mwhi ch may ext end t o t en year s, and shal l al so be l i abl e t o f i ne.
239.
Del i ver y of coi n possessed wi t h knowl edge t hat i t i s count er f ei t .
239. Del i ver y of coi n possessed wi t h knowl edge t hat i t i s count er f ei t . - - Whoever , havi ng any count er f ei t coi n, whi ch at t he t i me when he became possessed of i t , he knew t o be count er f ei t , f r audul ent l y or wi t h i nt ent t hat f r aud may be commi t t ed, del i ver s t he same t o any per sons or at t empt s t o i nduce any per son t o r ecei ve i t , shal l be puni shed wi t h i mpr i sonment of ei t her descr i pt i on f or a t er m whi ch may ext end t o f i ve year s, and shal l al so be l i abl e t o f i ne.
240.
Del i ver y of I ndi an coi n, possessed wi t h knowl edge t hat i t i s count er f ei t .
240. Del i ver y of I ndi an coi n, possessed wi t h knowl edge t hat i t i s count er f ei t . - - Whoever havi ng any count er f ei t coi n, whi ch i s a count er f ei t of 1*[ I ndi an coi n] , and whi ch, at t he t i me when he became possessed of i t , he knew t o be a count er f ei t of 1*[ I ndi an coi n] , f r audul ent l y or wi t h i nt ent t hat f r aud may be commi t t ed, del i ver s t he same t o any per son, or at t empt s t o i nduce any per son t o r ecei ve i t , shal l be puni shed wi t h i mpr i sonment of ei t her descr i pt i on f or a t er m whi ch may ext end t o t en year s, and shal l al so be l i abl e t o f i ne.
241.
Del i ver y of coi n as genui ne, whi ch, when f i r st possessed, t he del i ver er di d not know t o be count er f ei t .
241. Del i ver y of coi n as genui ne, whi ch, when f i r st possessed, t he del i ver er di d not know t o be count er f ei t . - - Whoever del i ver s t o any ot her per son as genui ne, or at t empt s t o i nduce any ot her per son t o r ecei ve as genui ne, any count er f ei t coi n whi ch he knows t o be count er f ei t , but whi ch he di d not know t o be count er f ei t at t he t i me when he t ook i t i nt o hi s possessi on, shal l be puni shed wi t h i mpr i sonment of ei t her descr i pt i on f or a t er mwhi ch may ext end t o t wo year s, or wi t h f i ne t o an amount whi ch may ext end t o t en t i mes t he val ue of t he coi n count er f ei t ed, or wi t h bot h. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1. Subs. by t he A. O. 1950, f or " t he Queen' s coi n" .
2. Subs. by Act 3 of 1951 s. 3 and Sch. , f or " t he St at es" .
3. Subs. by Act 26 of 1955, s. 117 and Sch. , f or " t r anspor t at i on f or l i f e" . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
156
I l l ust r at i on
A, a coi ner , del i ver s count er f ei t Company' s r upees t o hi s accompl i ce B, f or t he pur pose of ut t er i ng t hem. B sel l s t he r upees t o C, anot her ut t er er , who buys t hemknowi ng t hem t o be count er f ei t . C pays away t he r upees f or goods t o D, who r ecei ves t hem, not knowi ng t hemt o be count er f ei t . D, af t er r ecei vi ng t he r upees, di scover s t hat t hey ar e count er f ei t and pays t hemaway as i f t hey wer e good. Her e D i s puni shabl e onl y under t hi s sect i on, but B and C ar e puni shabl e under sect i on 239 or 240, as t he case may be.
242.
Possessi on of count er f ei t coi n by per son who knew i t t o be count er f ei t when he became possessed t her eof .
242. Possessi on of count er f ei t coi n by per son who knew i t t o be count er f ei t when he became possessed t her eof . - - Whoever , f r audul ent l y or wi t h i nt ent t hat f r aud may be commi t t ed, i s i n possessi on of count er f ei t coi n, havi ng known at t he t i me when he became possessed t her eof t hat such coi n was count er f ei t , shal l be puni shed wi t h i mpr i sonment of ei t her descr i pt i on f or a t er m whi ch may ext end t o t hr ee year s, and shal l al so be l i abl e t o f i ne.
243.
Possessi on of I ndi an coi n by per son who knew i t t o be count er f ei t when he became possessed t her eof .
243. Possessi on of I ndi an coi n by per son who knew i t t o be count er f ei t when he became possessed t her eof . - - Whoever , f r audul ent l y or wi t h i nt ent t hat f r aud may be commi t t ed, i s i n possessi on of count er f ei t coi n, whi ch i s a count er f ei t of 1*[ I ndi an coi n] , havi ng known at t he t i me when he became possessed of i t t hat i t was count er f ei t , shal l be puni shed wi t h i mpr i sonment of ei t her descr i pt i on f or a t er mwhi ch may ext end t o seven year s, and shal l al so be l i abl e t o f i ne.
244.
Per son empl oyed i n mi nt causi ng coi n t o be of di f f er ent wei ght or composi t i on f r omt hat f i xed by l aw.
244. Per son empl oyed i n mi nt causi ng coi n t o be of di f f er ent wei ght or composi t i on f r omt hat f i xed by l aw. - - Whoever , bei ng empl oyed i n any mi nt l awf ul l y est abl i shed i n 2*[ I ndi a] , does any act , or omi t s what he i s l egal l y bound t o do, wi t h t he i nt ent i on of causi ng any coi n i ssued f r omt hat mi nt t o be of a di f f er ent wei ght or composi t i on f r om t he wei ght or composi t i on f i xed by l aw, shal l be puni shed wi t h i mpr i sonment of ei t her descr i pt i on f or a t er mwhi ch may ext end t o seven year s, and shal l al so be l i abl e t o f i ne.
245.
Unl awf ul l y t aki ng coi ni ng i nst r ument f r ommi nt .
245. Unl awf ul l y t aki ng coi ni ng i nst r ument f r om mi nt . - - Whoever , wi t hout l awf ul aut hor i t y, t akes out of any mi nt , l awf ul l y est abl i shed i n 2[ I ndi a] , any coi ni ng t ool or i nst r ument , shal l be puni shed wi t h i mpr i sonment of ei t her descr i pt i on f or a t er mwhi ch may ext end t o seven year s, and shal l al so be l i abl e t o f i ne.
246.
Fr audul ent l y or di shonest l y di mi ni shi ng wei ght or al t er i ng composi t i on of coi n.
246. Fr audul ent l y or di shonest l y di mi ni shi ng wei ght or al t er i ng composi t i on of coi n. - - Whoever , f r audul ent l y or di shonest l y per f or ms on any coi n any oper at i on whi ch di mi ni shes t he wei ght or al t er s t he composi t i on of t hat coi n, shal l be puni shed wi t h i mpr i sonment of ei t her descr i pt i on f or a t er mwhi ch may ext end t o t hr ee year s, and shal l al so be l i abl e t o f i ne.
Expl anat i on. - A per son who scoops out par t of t he coi n and put s anyt hi ng el se i nt o t he cavi t y al t er s t he composi t i on of t he coi n.
247.
Fr audul ent l y or di shonest l y di mi ni shi ng wei ght or al t er i ng composi t i on of I ndi an coi n.
247. Fr audul ent l y or di shonest l y di mi ni shi ng wei ght or al t er i ng composi t i on of I ndi an coi n. - - Whoever f r audul ent l y or di shonest l y per f or ms on 3*[ any I ndi an coi n] any oper at i on whi ch di mi ni shes t he wei ght or al t er s t he composi t i on of t hat coi n, shal l be puni shed wi t h i mpr i sonment of ei t her descr i pt i on f or a t er m whi ch may ext end t o seven year s, and shal l al so be l i abl e t o f i ne. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1. Subs. by t he A. O. 1950, f or " t he Queen' s coi n" .
2. Subs. by Act 3 of 1951, s. 3 and Sch. , f or " t he St at es" .
3. Subs. by t he A. O. 1950, f or " any of t he Queen' s coi n" . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
157
248.
Al t er i ng appear ance of coi n wi t h i nt ent t hat i t shal l pass as coi n of di f f er ent descr i pt i on.
248. Al t er i ng appear ance of coi n wi t h i nt ent t hat i t shal l pass as coi n of di f f er ent descr i pt i on. - - Whoever per f or ms on any coi n any oper at i on whi ch al t er s t he appear ance of t hat coi n, wi t h t he i nt ent i on t hat t he sai d coi n shal l pass as a coi n of a di f f er ent descr i pt i on, shal l be puni shed wi t h i mpr i sonment of ei t her descr i pt i on f or a t er m whi ch may ext end t o t hr ee year s, and shal l al so be l i abl e t o f i ne.
249.
Al t er i ng appear ance of I ndi an coi n wi t h i nt ent t hat i t shal l pass as coi n of di f f er ent descr i pt i on.
249. Al t er i ng appear ance of I ndi an coi n wi t h i nt ent t hat i t shal l pass as coi n of di f f er ent descr i pt i on. - - Whoever per f or ms on 1*[ any I ndi an coi n] any oper at i on whi ch al t er s t he appear ance of t hat coi n, wi t h t he i nt ent i on t hat t he sai d coi n shal l pass as a coi n of a di f f er ent descr i pt i on, shal l be puni shed wi t h i mpr i sonment of ei t her descr i pt i on f or a t er mwhi ch may ext end t o seven year s, and shal l al so be l i abl e t o f i ne.
250.
Del i ver y of coi n possessed wi t h knowl edge t hat i t i s al t er ed.
250. Del i ver y of coi n possessed wi t h knowl edge t hat i t i s al t er ed. - - Whoever , havi ng coi n i n hi s possessi on wi t h r espect t o whi ch t he of f ence def i ned i n sect i on 246 or 248 has been commi t t ed, and havi ng known at t he t i me when he became possessed of such coi n t hat such of f ence had been commi t t ed wi t h r espect t o i t , f r audul ent l y or wi t h i nt ent t hat f r aud may be commi t t ed, del i ver s such coi n t o any ot her per son, or at t empt s t o i nduce any ot her per son t o r ecei ve t he same, shal l be puni shed wi t h i mpr i sonment of ei t her descr i pt i on f or a t er mwhi ch may ext end t o f i ve year s, and shal l al so be l i abl e t o f i ne.
251.
Del i ver y of I ndi an coi n, possessed wi t h knowl edge t hat i t i s al t er ed.
251. Del i ver y of I ndi an coi n, possessed wi t h knowl edge t hat i t i s al t er ed. - - Whoever , havi ng coi n i n hi s possessi on wi t h r espect t o whi ch t he of f ence def i ned i n sect i on 247 or 249 has been commi t t ed, and havi ng known at t he t i me when he became possessed of such coi n t hat such of f ence had been commi t t ed wi t h r espect t o i t , f r audul ent l y or wi t h i nt ent t hat f r aud may be commi t t ed, del i ver s such coi n t o any ot her per son, or at t empt s t o i nduce any ot her per son t o r ecei ve t he same, shal l be puni shed wi t h i mpr i sonment of ei t her descr i pt i on f or a t er mwhi ch may ext end t o t en year s, and shal l al so be l i abl e t o f i ne.
252.
Possessi on of coi n by per son who knew i t t o be al t er ed when he became possessed t her eof .
252. Possessi on of coi n by per son who knew i t t o be al t er ed when he became possessed t her eof . - - Whoever f r audul ent l y or wi t h i nt ent t hat f r aud may be commi t t ed, i s i n possessi on of coi n wi t h r espect t o whi ch t he of f ence def i ned i n ei t her of t he sect i ons 246 or 248 has been commi t t ed havi ng known at t he t i me of becomi ng possessed t her eof t hat such of f ence had been commi t t ed wi t h r espect t o such coi n, shal l be puni shed wi t h i mpr i sonment of ei t her descr i pt i on f or a t er mwhi ch may ext end t o t hr ee year s, and shal l al so be l i abl e t o f i ne.
253.
Possessi on of I ndi an coi n by per son who knew i t t o be al t er ed when he became possessed t her eof .
253. Possessi on of I ndi an coi n by per son who knew i t t o be al t er ed when he became possessed t her eof . - - Whoever f r audul ent l y or wi t h i nt ent t hat f r aud may be commi t t ed, i s i n possessi on of coi n wi t h r espect t o whi ch t he of f ence def i ned i n ei t her of t he sect i ons 247 or 249 has been commi t t ed havi ng known at t he t i me of becomi ng possessed t her eof , t hat such of f ence had been commi t t ed wi t h r espect t o such coi n, shal l be puni shed wi t h i mpr i sonment of ei t her descr i pt i on f or a t er mwhi ch may ext end t o f i ve year s, and shal l al so be l i abl e t o f i ne.
254.
Del i ver y of coi n as genui ne whi ch, when f i r st possessed, t he del i ver er di d not know t o be al t er ed.
254. Del i ver y of coi n as genui ne whi ch, when f i r st possessed, t he del i ver er di d not know t o be al t er ed. - - Whoever del i ver s t o any ot her per son as genui ne or as a coi n of a di f f er ent descr i pt i on f r omwhat i t i s, or at t empt s t o i nduce any per son t o r ecei ve as genui ne, or as a di f f er ent coi n f r omwhat i t i s, any coi n i n r espect of whi ch he knows t hat any such oper at i on as t hat ment i oned i n sect i ons 246, 247, 248 or 249 has been per f or med, but i n r espect of whi ch he di d not , at t he t i me when he t ook i t i nt o hi s possessi on, know t hat such oper at i on had been per f or med, shal l be puni shed wi t h i mpr i sonment of ei t her descr i pt i on f or a t er mwhi ch may ext end t o t wo - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1. Subs. by t he A. O. 1950, f or " any of t he Queen' s coi n" . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
158
year s or wi t h f i ne t o an amount whi ch may ext end t o t en t i mes t he val ue of t he coi n f or whi ch t he al t er ed coi n i s passed, or at t empt ed t o be passed.
255.
Count er f ei t i ng Gover nment st amp.
255. Count er f ei t i ng Gover nment st amp. - - Whoever count er f ei t s, or knowi ngl y per f or ms any par t of t he pr ocess of count er f ei t i ng, any st amp i ssued by Gover nment f or t he pur pose of r evenue shal l be puni shed wi t h 1*[ i mpr i sonment f or l i f e] or wi t h i mpr i sonment of ei t her descr i pt i on f or a t er mwhi ch may ext end t o t en year s, and shal l al so be l i abl e t o f i ne.
Expl anat i on. - A per son commi t s t hi s of f ence who count er f ei t s by causi ng a genui ne st amps of one denomi nat i on t o appear l i ke a genui ne st amp of a di f f er ent denomi nat i on.
256.
Havi ng possessi on of i nst r ument or mat er i al f or count er f ei t i ng Gover nment st amp.
256. Havi ng possessi on of i nst r ument or mat er i al f or count er f ei t i ng Gover nment st amp. - - Whoever has i n hi s possessi on any i nst r ument or mat er i al f or t he pur pose of bei ng used, or knowi ng or havi ng r eason t o bel i eve t hat i t i s i nt ended t o be used, f or t he pur pose of count er f ei t i ng any st amp i ssued by Gover nment f or t he pur pose of r evenue, shal l be puni shed wi t h i mpr i sonment of ei t her descr i pt i on f or a t er mwhi ch may ext end t o seven year s, and shal l al so be l i abl e t o f i ne.
257.
Maki ng or sel l i ng i nst r ument f or count er f ei t i ng Gover nment st amp.
257. Maki ng or sel l i ng i nst r ument f or count er f ei t i ng Gover nment st amp. - - Whoever makes or per f or ms any par t of t he pr ocess of maki ng, or buys, or sel l s, or di sposes of , any i nst r ument f or t he pur pose of bei ng used, or knowi ng or havi ng r eason t o bel i eve t hat i t i s i nt ended t o be used, f or t he pur pose of count er f ei t i ng any st amp i ssued by Gover nment f or t he pur pose of r evenue, shal l be puni shed wi t h i mpr i sonment of ei t her descr i pt i on f or a t er mwhi ch may ext end t o seven year s, and shal l al so be l i abl e t o f i ne.
258.
Sal e of count er f ei t Gover nment st amp.
258. Sal e of count er f ei t Gover nment st amp. - - Whoever sel l s, or of f er s f or sal e, any st amp whi ch he knows or has r eason t o bel i eve t o be a count er f ei t of any st amp i ssued by Gover nment f or t he pur pose of r evenue, shal l be puni shed wi t h i mpr i sonment of ei t her descr i pt i on f or a t er mwhi ch may ext end t o seven year s, and shal l al so be l i abl e t o f i ne.
259.
Havi ng possessi on of count er f ei t Gover nment st amp.
259. Havi ng possessi on of count er f ei t Gover nment st amp. - - Whoever has i n hi s possessi on any st amp whi ch he knows t o be a count er f ei t of any st amp i ssued by Gover nment f or t he pur pose of r evenue, i nt endi ng t o use, or di spose of t he same as a genui ne st amp, or i n or der t hat i t may be used as a genui ne st amp, shal l be puni shed wi t h i mpr i sonment of ei t her descr i pt i on f or a t er m whi ch may ext end t o seven year s, and shal l al so be l i abl e t o f i ne.
260.
Usi ng as genui ne a Gover nment st amp known t o be count er f ei t .
260. Usi ng as genui ne a Gover nment st amp known t o be count er f ei t . - - Whoever uses as genui ne any st amp, knowi ng i t t o be a count er f ei t of any st amp i ssued by Gover nment f or t he pur pose of r evenue, shal l be puni shed wi t h i mpr i sonment of ei t her descr i pt i on f or a t er mwhi ch may ext end t o seven year s, or wi t h f i ne, or wi t h bot h.
261.
Ef f aci ng wr i t i ng f r omsubst ance bear i ng Gover nment st amp, or r emovi ng f r omdocument a st amp used f or i t , wi t h i nt ent t o cause l oss t o Gover nment .
261. Ef f aci ng wr i t i ng f r omsubst ance bear i ng Gover nment st amp, or r emovi ng f r omdocument a st amp used f or i t , wi t h i nt ent t o cause l oss t o Gover nment . - - Whoever , f r audul ent l y or wi t h i nt ent t o cause l oss t o t he Gover nment , r emoves or ef f aces f r om any subst ance, bear i ng any st amp i ssued by Gover nment f or t he pur pose of r evenue, any wr i t i ng or document f or whi ch such st amp has been used, or r emoves f r om any wr i t i ng or document a st amp whi ch has been used f or such wr i t i ng or document , i n or der t hat such st amp may be used f or a di f f er ent wr i t i ng or document , shal l be puni shed wi t h i mpr i sonment of ei t her descr i pt i on f or a t er mwhi ch may ext end t o t hr ee year s, or wi t h f i ne, or wi t h bot h. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1. Subs. by Act 26 of 1955, s. 117 and Sch. , f or " t r anspor t at i on f or l i f e" . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
159
262.
Usi ng Gover nment st amp known t o have been bef or e used.
262. Usi ng Gover nment st amp known t o have been bef or e used. - - Whoever , f r audul ent l y or wi t h i nt ent t o cause l oss t o t he Gover nment , uses f or any pur pose a st amp i ssued by Gover nment f or t he pur pose of r evenue, whi ch he knows t o have been bef or e used, shal l be puni shed wi t h i mpr i sonment of ei t her descr i pt i on f or a t er mwhi ch may ext end t o t wo year s, or wi t h f i ne, or wi t h bot h.
263.
Er asur e of mar k denot i ng t hat st amp has been used.
263. Er asur e of mar k denot i ng t hat st amp has been used. - - Whoever , f r audul ent l y or wi t h i nt ent t o cause l oss t o Gover nment , er ases or r emoves f r oma st amp i ssued by Gover nment f or t he pur pose of r evenue, any mar k, put or i mpr essed upon such st amp f or t he pur pose of denot i ng t hat t he same has been used, or knowi ngl y has i n hi s possessi on or sel l s or di sposes of any such st amp f r om whi ch such mar k has been er ased or r emoved, or sel l s or di sposes of any such st amp whi ch he knows t o have been used, shal l be puni shed wi t h i mpr i sonment of ei t her descr i pt i on f or a t er mwhi ch may ext end t o t hr ee year s, or wi t h f i ne, or wi t h bot h.
263A.
Pr ohi bi t i on of f i ct i t i ous st amps.
1*[ 263A. Pr ohi bi t i on of f i ct i t i ous st amps. - - ( 1) Whoever -
( a) makes, knowi ngl y ut t er s, deal s i n or sel l s any f i ct i t i ous st amp, or knowi ngl y uses f or any post al pur pose any f i ct i t i ous st amp, or
( b) has i n hi s possessi on, wi t hout l awf ul excuse, any f i ct i t i ous st amp, or
( c) makes or , wi t hout l awf ul excuse, has i n hi s possessi on any di e, pl at e, i nst r ument or mat er i al s f or maki ng any f i ct i t i ous st amp,
shal l be puni shed wi t h f i ne whi ch may ext end t o t wo hundr ed r upees.
( 2) Any such st amp, di e, pl at e, i nst r ument or mat er i al s i n t he possessi on of any per son f or maki ng any f i ct i t i ous st amp 2*[ may be sei zed and, i f sei zed] shal l be f or f ei t ed.
( 3) I n t hi s sect i on " f i ct i t i ous st amp" means any st amp f al sel y pur por t i ng t o be i ssued by Gover nment f or t he pur pose of denot i ng a r at e of post age, or any f acsi mi l e or i mi t at i on or r epr esent at i on, whet her on paper or ot her wi se, of any st amp i ssued by Gover nment f or t hat pur pose.
( 4) I n t hi s sect i on and al so i n sect i ons 255 t o 263, bot h i ncl usi ve, t he wor d " Gover nment " , when used i n connect i on wi t h, or i n r ef er ence t o, any st amp i ssued f or t he pur pose of denot i ng a r at e of post age, shal l , not wi t hst andi ng anyt hi ng i n sect i on 17, be deemed t o i ncl ude t he per son or per sons aut hor i zed by l aw t o admi ni st er execut i ve Gover nment i n any par t of I ndi a, and al so i n any par t of Her Maj est y' s domi ni ons or i n any f or ei gn count r y. ]
CHAPTER XI I I
OF OFFENCES RELATI NG TO WEI GHTS AND MEASURES
CHAPTER XI I I
OF OFFENCES RELATI NG TO WEI GHTS AND MEASURES
264.
Fr audul ent use of f al se i nst r ument f or wei ghi ng.
264. Fr audul ent use of f al se i nst r ument f or wei ghi ng. - - Whoever , f r audul ent l y uses any i nst r ument f or wei ghi ng whi ch he knows t o be f al se, shal l be puni shed wi t h i mpr i sonment of ei t her descr i pt i on f or a t er mwhi ch may ext end t o one year , or wi t h f i ne, or wi t h bot h.
265.
Fr audul ent use of f al se wei ght or measur e.
265. Fr audul ent use of f al se wei ght or measur e. - - Whoever , f r audul ent l y uses any f al se wei ght or f al se measur e of l engt h or capaci t y, or f r audul ent l y uses any wei ght or any measur e of l engt h or capaci t y as a di f f er ent wei ght or measur e f r omwhat i t i s, shal l be puni shed wi t h i mpr i sonment of ei t her descr i pt i on f or a t er mwhi ch may ext end t o one year , or wi t h f i ne, or wi t h bot h. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1. S. 263A i ns. by Act 3 of 1895, s. 2.
2. Subs. by Act 42 of 1953, s. 4 and t he Thi r d Sch. , f or " may be sei zed and" . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
160
266.
Bei ng i n possessi on of f al se wei ght or measur e.
266. Bei ng i n possessi on of f al se wei ght or measur e. - - Whoever i s i n possessi on of any i nst r ument f or wei ghi ng, or of any wei ght , or of any measur e of l engt h or capaci t y, whi ch he knows t o be f al se, 1**** i nt endi ng t hat t he same may be f r audul ent l y used, shal l be puni shed wi t h i mpr i sonment of ei t her descr i pt i on f or a t er mwhi ch may ext end t o one year , or wi t h f i ne, or wi t h bot h.
267.
Maki ng or sel l i ng f al se wei ght or measur e.
267. Maki ng or sel l i ng f al se wei ght or measur e. - - Whoever makes, sel l s or di sposes of any i nst r ument f or wei ghi ng, or any wei ght , or any measur e of l engt h or capaci t y whi ch he knows t o be f al se, i n or der t hat t he same may be used as t r ue, or knowi ng t hat t he same i s l i kel y t o be used as t r ue, shal l be puni shed wi t h i mpr i sonment of ei t her descr i pt i on f or a t er mwhi ch may ext end t o one year , or wi t h f i ne, or wi t h bot h.
CHAPTER XI V
OF OFFENCES AFFECTI NG THE PUBLI C HEALTH, SAFETY, CONVENI ENCE, DECENCY AND MORALS
CHAPTER XI V
OF OFFENCES AFFECTI NG THE PUBLI C HEALTH, SAFETY, CONVENI ENCE, DECENCY AND MORALS
268.
Publ i c nui sance.
268. Publ i c nui sance. - - A per son i s gui l t y of a publ i c nui sance who does any act or i s gui l t y of an i l l egal omi ssi on whi ch causes any common i nj ur y, danger or annoyance t o t he publ i c or t o t he peopl e i n gener al who dwel l or occupy pr oper t y i n t he vi ci ni t y, or whi ch must necessar i l y cause i nj ur y, obst r uct i on, danger or annoyance t o per sons who may have occasi on t o use any publ i c r i ght .
A common nui sance i s not excused on t he gr ound t hat i t causes some conveni ence or advant age.
269.
Negl i gent act l i kel y t o spr ead i nf ect i on of di sease danger ous t o l i f e.
269. Negl i gent act l i kel y t o spr ead i nf ect i on of di sease danger ous t o l i f e. - - Whoever unl awf ul l y or negl i gent l y does any act whi ch i s, and whi ch he knows or has r eason t o bel i eve t o be, l i kel y t o spr ead t he i nf ect i on of any di sease danger ous t o l i f e, shal l be puni shed wi t h i mpr i sonment of ei t her descr i pt i on f or a t er mwhi ch may ext end t o si x mont hs, or wi t h f i ne, or wi t h bot h.
270.
Mal i gnant act l i kel y t o spr ead i nf ect i on of di sease danger ous t o l i f e.
270. Mal i gnant act l i kel y t o spr ead i nf ect i on of di sease danger ous t o l i f e. - - Whoever mal i gnant l y does any act whi ch i s, and whi ch he knows or has r eason t o bel i eve t o be, l i kel y t o spr ead t he i nf ect i on of any di sease danger ous t o l i f e, shal l be puni shed wi t h i mpr i sonment of ei t her descr i pt i on f or a t er mwhi ch may ext end t o t wo year s, or wi t h f i ne, or wi t h bot h.
271.
Di sobedi ence t o quar ant i ne r ul e.
271. Di sobedi ence t o quar ant i ne r ul e. - - Whoever knowi ngl y di sobeys any r ul e made and pr omul gat ed 2*[ by t he 3* Gover nment 4*] f or put t i ng any vessel i nt o a st at e of quar ant i ne, or f or r egul at i ng t he i nt er cour se of vessel s i n a st at e of quar ant i ne wi t h t he shor e or wi t h ot her vessel s, f or r egul at i ng t he i nt er cour se bet ween pl aces wher e an i nf ect i ous di sease pr evai l s and ot her pl aces, shal l be puni shed wi t h i mpr i sonment of ei t her descr i pt i on f or a t er mwhi ch may ext end t o si x mont hs, or wi t h f i ne, or wi t h bot h.
272.
Adul t er at i on of f ood or dr i nk i nt ended f or sal e.
272. Adul t er at i on of f ood or dr i nk i nt ended f or sal e. - Whoever adul t er at es any ar t i cl e of f ood or dr i nk, so as t o make such ar t i cl e noxi ous as f ood or dr i nk, i nt endi ng t o sel l such ar t i cl e as f ood or dr i nk, or knowi ng i t t o be l i kel y t hat t he same wi l l be sol d as f ood or dr i nk, shal l be puni shed wi t h i mpr i sonment of ei t her descr i pt i on f or a t er mwhi ch may ext end t o si x mont hs, or wi t h f i ne whi ch may ext end t o one t housand r upees, or wi t h bot h.
273.
Sal e of noxi ous f ood or dr i nk.
273. Sal e of noxi ous f ood or dr i nk. - - Whoever sel l s, or of f er s or exposes f or sal e, as f ood or dr i nk, any ar t i cl e whi ch has been r ender ed or has become noxi ous, or i s i n a st at e unf i t f or f ood - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1. The wor d " and" omi t t ed by Act 42 of 1953, s. 4 and t he t hi r d Sch.
2. Subs. by t he A. O. 1937, f or " by t he G. of I . , or by any Govt . " .
3. The wor ds " Cent r al or any Pr ovi nci al " r ep. by t he A. O. 1950.
4. The wor ds " or t he Cr own Repr esent at i ve" wer e r ep. by t he A. O. 1948. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
161
or dr i nk, knowi ng or havi ng r eason t o bel i eve t hat t he same i s noxi ous as f ood or dr i nk, shal l be puni shed wi t h i mpr i sonment of ei t her descr i pt i on f or a t er mwhi ch may ext end t o si x mont hs, or wi t h f i ne whi ch may ext end t o one t housand r upees, or wi t h bot h.
274.
Adul t er at i on of dr ugs.
274. Adul t er at i on of dr ugs. - - Whoever adul t er at es any dr ug or medi cal pr epar at i on i n such a manner as t o l essen t he ef f i cacy or change t he oper at i on of such dr ug or medi cal pr epar at i on, or t o make i t noxi ous, i nt endi ng t hat i t shal l be sol d or used f or , or knowi ng i t t o be l i kel y t hat i t wi l l be sol d or used f or , any medi ci nal pur pose, as i t had not under gone such adul t er at i on, shal l be puni shed wi t h i mpr i sonment of ei t her descr i pt i on f or a t er mwhi ch may ext end t o si x mont hs, or wi t h f i ne whi ch may ext end t o one t housand r upees, or wi t h bot h.
275.
Sal e of adul t er at ed dr ugs.
275. Sal e of adul t er at ed dr ugs. - - Whoever , knowi ng any dr ug or medi cal pr epar at i on t o have been adul t er at ed i n such a manner as t o l essen i t s ef f i cacy, t o change i t s oper at i on, or t o r ender i t noxi ous, sel l s t he same, or of f er s or exposes i t f or sal e, or i ssues i t f r om any di spensar y f or medi ci nal pur poses as unadul t er at ed, or causes i t t o be used f or medi ci nal pur poses by any per son not knowi ng of t he adul t er at i on, shal l be puni shed wi t h i mpr i sonment of ei t her descr i pt i on f or a t er mwhi ch may ext end t o si x mont hs, or wi t h f i ne whi ch may ext end t o one t housand r upees, or wi t h bot h.
276.
Sal e of dr ug as a di f f er ent dr ug or pr epar at i on.
276. Sal e of dr ug as a di f f er ent dr ug or pr epar at i on. - - Whoever knowi ngl y sel l s, or of f er s or exposes f or sal e, or i ssues f r om a di spensar y f or medi ci nal pur poses, any dr ug or medi cal pr epar at i on, as a di f f er ent dr ug or medi cal pr epar at i on, shal l be puni shed wi t h i mpr i sonment of ei t her descr i pt i on f or a t er mwhi ch may ext end t o si x mont hs, or wi t h f i ne whi ch may ext end t o one t housand r upees, or wi t h bot h.
277.
Foul i ng wat er of publ i c spr i ng or r eser voi r .
277. Foul i ng wat er of publ i c spr i ng or r eser voi r . - - Whoever vol unt ar i l y cor r upt s or f oul s t he wat er of any publ i c spr i ng or r eser voi r , so as t o r ender i t l ess f i t f or t he pur pose f or whi ch i t i s or di nar i l y used, shal l be puni shed wi t h i mpr i sonment of ei t her descr i pt i on f or a t er mwhi ch may ext end t o t hr ee mont hs, or wi t h f i ne whi ch may ext end t o f i ve hundr ed r upees, or wi t h bot h.
278.
Maki ng at mospher e noxi ous t o heal t h.
278. Maki ng at mospher e noxi ous t o heal t h. - - Whoever vol unt ar i l y vi t i at es t he at mospher e i n any pl ace so as t o make i t noxi ous t o t he heal t h of per sons i n gener al dwel l i ng or car r yi ng on busi ness i n t he nei ghbour hood or passi ng al ong a publ i c way, shal l be puni shed wi t h f i ne whi ch may ext end t o f i ve hundr ed r upees.
279.
Rash dr i vi ng or r i di ng on a publ i c way.
279. Rash dr i vi ng or r i di ng on a publ i c way. - - Whoever dr i ves any vehi cl e, or r i des, on any publ i c way i n a manner so r ash or negl i gent as t o endanger human l i f e, or t o be l i kel y t o cause hur t or i nj ur y t o any ot her per son, shal l be puni shed wi t h i mpr i sonment of ei t her descr i pt i on f or a t er mwhi ch may ext end t o si x mont hs, or wi t h f i ne whi ch may ext end t o one t housand r upees, or wi t h bot h.
280.
Rash navi gat i on of vessel .
280. Rash navi gat i on of vessel . - - Whoever navi gat es any vessel i n a manner so r ash or negl i gent as t o endanger human l i f e, or t o be l i kel y t o cause hur t or i nj ur y t o any ot her per son, shal l be puni shed wi t h i mpr i sonment of ei t her descr i pt i on f or a t er mwhi ch may ext end t o si x mont hs, or wi t h f i ne whi ch may ext end t o one t housand r upees, or wi t h bot h.
281.
Exhi bi t i on of f al se l i ght , mar k or buoy.
281. Exhi bi t i on of f al se l i ght , mar k or buoy. - - Whoever exhi bi t s any f al se l i ght , mar k or buoy, i nt endi ng or knowi ng i t t o be l i kel y t hat such exhi bi t i on wi l l mi sl ead any navi gat or , shal l be puni shed wi t h i mpr i sonment of ei t her descr i pt i on f or a t er mwhi ch may ext end t o seven year s, or wi t h f i ne, or wi t h bot h.
162
282.
Conveyi ng per son by wat er f or hi r e i n unsaf e or over l oaded vessel .
282. Conveyi ng per son by wat er f or hi r e i n unsaf e or over l oaded vessel . - - Whoever knowi ngl y or negl i gent l y conveys, or causes t o be conveyed f or hi r e, any per son by wat er i n any vessel , when t hat vessel i s i n such a st at e or so l oaded as t o endanger t he l i f e of t hat per son, shal l be puni shed wi t h i mpr i sonment of ei t her descr i pt i on f or a t er mwhi ch may ext end t o si x mont hs, or wi t h f i ne whi ch may ext end t o one t housand r upees, or wi t h bot h.
283.
Danger or obst r uct i on i n publ i c way or l i ne of navi gat i on.
283. Danger or obst r uct i on i n publ i c way or l i ne of navi gat i on. - - Whoever , by doi ng any act , or by omi t t i ng t o t ake or der wi t h any pr oper t y i n hi s possessi on or under hi s char ge, causes danger , obst r uct i on or i nj ur y t o any per son i n any publ i c way or publ i c l i ne of navi gat i on, shal l be puni shed, wi t h f i ne whi ch may ext end t o t wo hundr ed r upees.
284.
Negl i gent conduct wi t h r espect t o poi sonous subst ance.
284. Negl i gent conduct wi t h r espect t o poi sonous subst ance. - - Whoever does, wi t h any poi sonous subst ance, any act i n a manner so r ash or negl i gent as t o endanger human l i f e, or t o be l i kel y t o cause hur t or i nj ur y t o any per son,
or knowi ngl y or negl i gent l y omi t s t o t ake such or der wi t h any poi sonous subst ance i n hi s possessi on as i s suf f i ci ent t o guar d agai nst pr obabl e danger t o human l i f e f r omsuch poi sonous subst ance,
shal l be puni shed wi t h i mpr i sonment of ei t her descr i pt i on f or a t er mwhi ch may ext end t o si x mont hs, or wi t h f i ne whi ch may ext end t o one t housand r upees, or wi t h bot h.
285.
Negl i gent conduct wi t h r espect t o f i r e or combust i bl e mat t er .
285. Negl i gent conduct wi t h r espect t o f i r e or combust i bl e mat t er . - - Whoever does, wi t h f i r e or any combust i bl e mat t er , any act so r ashl y or negl i gent l y as t o endanger human l i f e, or t o be l i kel y t o cause hur t or i nj ur y t o any ot her per son,
or knowi ngl y or negl i gent l y omi t s t o t ake such or der wi t h any f i r e or any combust i bl e mat t er i n hi s possessi on as i s suf f i ci ent t o guar d agai nst any pr obabl e danger t o human l i f e f r om such f i r e or combust i bl e mat t er ,
shal l be puni shed wi t h i mpr i sonment of ei t her descr i pt i on f or a t er mwhi ch may ext end t o si x mont hs, or wi t h f i ne whi ch may ext end t o one t housand r upees, or wi t h bot h.
286.
Negl i gent conduct wi t h r espect t o expl osi ve subst ance.
286. Negl i gent conduct wi t h r espect t o expl osi ve subst ance. - - Whoever does, wi t h any expl osi ve subst ance, any act so r ashl y or negl i gent l y as t o endanger human l i f e, or t o be l i kel y t o cause hur t or i nj ur y t o any ot her per son,
or knowi ngl y or negl i gent l y omi t s t o t ake such or der wi t h any expl osi ve subst ance i n hi s possessi on as i s suf f i ci ent t o guar d agai nst any pr obabl e danger t o human l i f e f r omt hat subst ance,
shal l be puni shed wi t h i mpr i sonment of ei t her descr i pt i on f or a t er mwhi ch may ext end t o si x mont hs, or wi t h f i ne whi ch may ext end t o one t housand r upees, or wi t h bot h.
287.
Negl i gent conduct wi t h r espect t o machi ner y. - -
287. Negl i gent conduct wi t h r espect t o machi ner y. - - Whoever does, wi t h any machi ner y, any act so r ashl y or negl i gent l y as t o endanger human l i f e or t o be l i kel y t o cause hur t or i nj ur y t o any ot her per son,
or knowi ngl y or negl i gent l y omi t s t o t ake such or der wi t h any machi ner y i n hi s possessi on or under hi s car e as i s suf f i ci ent t o guar d agai nst any pr obabl e danger t o human l i f e f r omsuch machi ner y,
shal l be puni shed wi t h i mpr i sonment of ei t her descr i pt i on f or a t er mwhi ch may ext end t o si x mont hs, or wi t h f i ne whi ch may ext end t o one t housand r upees, or wi t h bot h.
163
288.
Negl i gent conduct wi t h r espect t o pul l i ng down or r epai r i ng bui l di ngs.
288. Negl i gent conduct wi t h r espect t o pul l i ng down or r epai r i ng bui l di ngs. - - Whoever , i n pul l i ng down or r epai r i ng any bui l di ng, knowi ngl y or negl i gent l y omi t s t o t ake such or der wi t h t hat bui l di ng as i s suf f i ci ent t o guar d agai nst any pr obabl e danger t o human l i f e f r omt he f al l of t hat bui l di ng, or of any par t t her eof , shal l be puni shed wi t h i mpr i sonment of ei t her descr i pt i on f or a t er mwhi ch may ext end t o si x mont hs, or wi t h f i ne whi ch may ext end t o one t housand r upees, or wi t h bot h.
289.
Negl i gent conduct wi t h r espect t o ani mal .
289. Negl i gent conduct wi t h r espect t o ani mal . - - Whoever knowi ngl y or negl i gent l y omi t s t o t ake such or der wi t h any ani mal i n hi s possessi on as i s suf f i ci ent t o guar d agai nst any pr obabl e danger t o human l i f e, or any pr obabl e danger of gr i evous hur t f r omsuch ani mal , shal l be puni shed wi t h i mpr i sonment of ei t her descr i pt i on f or a t er m whi ch may ext end t o si x mont hs, or wi t h f i ne whi ch may ext end t o one t housand r upees, or wi t h bot h.
290.
Puni shment f or publ i c nui sance i n cases not ot her wi se pr ovi ded f or .
290. Puni shment f or publ i c nui sance i n cases not ot her wi se pr ovi ded f or . - Whoever commi t s a publ i c nui sance i n any case not ot her wi se puni shabl e by t hi s Code, shal l be puni shed wi t h f i ne whi ch may ext end t o t wo hundr ed r upees.
291.
Cont i nuance of nui sance af t er i nj unct i on t o di scont i nue.
291. Cont i nuance of nui sance af t er i nj unct i on t o di scont i nue. - - Whoever r epeat s or cont i nues a publ i c nui sance, havi ng been enj oi ned by any publ i c ser vant who has l awf ul aut hor i t y t o i ssue such i nj unct i on not t o r epeat or cont i nue such nui sance, shal l be puni shed wi t h si mpl e i mpr i sonment f or a t er mwhi ch may ext end t o si x mont hs, or wi t h f i ne, or wi t h bot h.
292.
Sal e, et c. , of obscene books, et c.
1*[ 292. Sal e, et c. , of obscene books, et c. - - 2*[ ( 1) For t he pur poses of sub- sect i on ( 2) , a book, pamphl et , paper , wr i t i ng, dr awi ng, pai nt i ng r epr esent at i on, f i gur e or any ot her obj ect , shal l be deemed t o be obscene i f i t i s l asci vi ous or appeal s t o t he pr ur i ent i nt er est or i f i t s ef f ect , or ( wher e i t compr i ses t wo or mor e di st i nct i t ems) t he ef f ect of any one of i t s i t ems, i s, i f t aken as a whol e, such as t o t end t o depr ave and cor r upt per sons who ar e l i kel y, havi ng r egar d t o al l r el evant ci r cumst ances, t o r ead, see or hear t he mat t er cont ai ned or embodi ed i n i t . ]
3*[ ( 2) ] Whoever -
( a) sel l s, l et s t o hi r e, di st r i but es, publ i cl y exhi bi t s or i n any manner put s i nt o ci r cul at i on, or f or pur poses of sal e, hi r e, di st r i but i on, publ i c exhi bi t i on or ci r cul at i on, makes, r educes or has i n hi s possessi on any obscene book, pamphl et , paper , dr awi ng, pai nt i ng, r epr esent at i on or f i gur e or any ot her obscene obj ect what soever , or
( b) i mpor t s, expor t s or conveys any obscene obj ect f or any of t he pur poses af or esai d, or knowi ng or havi ng r eason t o bel i eve t hat such obj ect wi l l be sol d, l et t o hi r e, di st r i but ed or publ i cl y exhi bi t ed or i n any manner put i nt o ci r cul at i on, or
( c) t akes par t i n or r ecei ves pr of i t s f r om any busi ness i n t he cour se of whi ch he knows or has r eason t o bel i eve t hat any such obscene obj ect s ar e, f or any of t he pur poses af or esai d, made, pr oduced, pur chased, kept , i mpor t ed, expor t ed, conveyed, publ i cl y exhi bi t ed or i n any manner put i nt o ci r cul at i on, or
( d) adver t i ses or makes known by any means what soever t hat any per son i s engaged or i s r eady t o engage i n any act whi ch i s an of f ence under t hi s sect i on, or t hat any such obscene obj ect can be pr ocur ed f r omor t hr ough any per son, or - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1. Subs. by Act 8 of 1925, s. 2, f or t he or i gi nal s. 292.
2. I ns. by Act 36 of 1969, s. 2
3. S. 292 r enumber ed as sub- sect i on ( 2) t her eof by s. 2, i bi d. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
164
( e) of f er s or at t empt s t o do any act whi ch i s an of f ence under t hi s sect i on,
shal l be puni shed 1 [ on f i r st convi ct i on wi t h i mpr i sonment of ei t her descr i pt i on f or a t er m whi ch may ext end t o t wo year s, and wi t h f i ne whi ch may ext end t o t wo t housand r upees, and, i n t he event of a second or subsequent convi ct i on, wi t h i mpr i sonment of ei t her descr i pt i on f or a t er m whi ch may ext end t o f i ve year s, and al so wi t h f i ne whi ch may ext end t o f i ve t housand r upees] .
2*[ Except i on- Thi s sect i on does not ext end t o-
( a) any book, pamphl et , paper , wr i t i ng, dr awi ng, pai nt i ng, r epr esent at i on or f i gur e-
( i ) t he publ i cat i on of whi ch i s pr oved t o be j ust i f i ed as bei ng f or t he publ i c good on t he gr ound t hat such book, pamphl et , paper , wr i t i ng, dr awi ng, pai nt i ng, r epr esent at i on or f i gur e i s i n t he i nt er est of sci ence, l i t er at ur e, ar t or l ear ni ng or ot her obj ect s of gener al concer n, or
( i i ) whi ch i s kept or used bona f i de f or r el i gi ous pur poses;
( b) any r epr esent at i on scul pt ur ed, engr aved, pai nt ed or ot her wi se r epr esent ed on or i n-
( i ) any anci ent monument wi t hi n t he meani ng of t he Anci ent Monument s and Ar chaeol ogi cal Si t es and Remai ns Act , 1958 ( 24 of 1958) , or
( i i ) any t empl e, or on any car used f or t he conveyance of i dol s, or kept or used f or any r el i gi ous pur pose. ] ]
293.
Sal e, et c. , of obscene obj ect s t o young per son.
3*[ 293. Sal e, et c. , of obscene obj ect s t o young per son. - - Whoever sel l s, l et s t o hi r e, di st r i but es, exhi bi t s or ci r cul at es t o any per son under t he age of t went y year s any such obscene obj ect as i s r ef er r ed t o i n t he l ast pr ecedi ng sect i on, or of f er s or at t empt s so t o do, shal l be puni shed 1[ on f i r st convi ct i on wi t h i mpr i sonment of ei t her descr i pt i on f or a t er mwhi ch may ext end t o t hr ee year s, and wi t h f i ne whi ch may ext end t o t wo t housand r upees, and, i n t he event of a second or subsequent convi ct i on, wi t h i mpr i sonment of ei t her descr i pt i on f or a t er mwhi ch may ext end t o seven year s, and al so wi t h f i ne whi ch may ext end t o f i ve t housand r upees] . ]
294.
Obscene act s and songs.
4*[ 294. Obscene act s and songs. - - Whoever , t o t he annoyance of ot her s,
( a) does any obscene act i n any publ i c pl ace, or
( b) si ngs, r eci t es or ut t er s any obscene song, bal l ad or wor ds, i n or near any publ i c pl ace,
shal l be puni shed wi t h i mpr i sonment of ei t her descr i pt i on f or a t er m whi ch may ext end t o t hr ee mont hs, or wi t h f i ne, or wi t h bot h. ] - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1. Subs. by Act 36 of 1969, s. 2, f or cer t ai n wor ds.
2. Subs. by s. 2, i bi d. , f or Except i on.
3. Subs. by Act 8 of 1925, s. 2, f or t he or i gi nal s. 293.
4. Subs. by Act 3 of 1895, s. 3, f or t he or i gi nal s. 294. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
165
294A.
Keepi ng l ot t er y of f i ce.
1*[ 294A. Keepi ng l ot t er y of f i ce. - - Whoever keeps any of f i ce or pl ace f or t he pur pose of dr awi ng any l ot t er y 2*[ not bei ng 3*[ a St at e l ot t er y] or a l ot t er y aut hor i sed by t he 4*[ St at e] Gover nment ] , shal l be puni shed wi t h i mpr i sonment of ei t her descr i pt i on f or a t er mwhi ch may ext end t o si x mont hs, or wi t h f i ne, or wi t h bot h.
And whoever publ i shes any pr oposal t o pay any sum, or t o del i ver any goods, or t o do or f or bear doi ng anyt hi ng f or t he benef i t of any per son, on any event or cont i ngency r el at i ve or appl i cabl e t o t he dr awi ng of any t i cket , l ot , number or f i gur e i n any such l ot t er y shal l be puni shed wi t h f i ne whi ch may ext end t o one t housand r upees. ]
CHAPTER XV
OF OFFENCES RELATI NG TO RELI GI ON
CHAPTER XV
OF OFFENCES RELATI NG TO RELI GI ON
295.
I nj ur i ng or def i l i ng pl ace of wor shi p, wi t h i nt ent t o i nsul t t he r el i gi on of any cl ass.
295. I nj ur i ng or def i l i ng pl ace of wor shi p, wi t h i nt ent t o i nsul t t he r el i gi on of any cl ass. - - Whoever dest r oys, damages or def i l es any pl ace of wor shi p, or any obj ect hel d sacr ed by any cl ass of per sons wi t h t he i nt ent i on of t her eby i nsul t i ng t he r el i gi on of any cl ass of per sons or wi t h t he knowl edge t hat any cl ass of per sons i s l i kel y t o consi der such dest r uct i on, damage or def i l ement as an i nsul t t o t hei r r el i gi on, shal l be puni shed wi t h i mpr i sonment of ei t her descr i pt i on f or a t er mwhi ch may ext end t o t wo year s, or wi t h f i ne, or wi t h bot h.
295A.
Del i ber at e and mal i ci ous act s i nt ended t o out r age r el i gi ous f eel i ngs of any cl ass by i nsul t i ng i t s r el i gi on or r el i gi ous bel i ef s.
5*[ 295A. Del i ber at e and mal i ci ous act s i nt ended t o out r age r el i gi ous f eel i ngs of any cl ass by i nsul t i ng i t s r el i gi on or r el i gi ous bel i ef s. - - Whoever , wi t h del i ber at e and mal i ci ous i nt ent i on of out r agi ng t he r el i gi ous f eel i ngs of any cl ass of 6*[ ci t i zens of I ndi a] , 7*[ by wor ds, ei t her spoken or wr i t t en, or by si gns or by vi si bl e r epr esent at i ons or ot her wi se] i nsul t s or at t empt s t o i nsul t t he r el i gi on or t he r el i gi ous bel i ef s of t hat cl ass, shal l be puni shed wi t h i mpr i sonment of ei t her descr i pt i on f or a t er mwhi ch may ext end t o 8*[ t hr ee year s] , or wi t h f i ne, or wi t h bot h. ]
296.
Di st ur bi ng r el i gi ous assembl y.
296. Di st ur bi ng r el i gi ous assembl y. - - Whoever vol unt ar i l y causes di st ur bance t o any assembl y l awf ul l y engaged i n t he per f or mance of r el i gi ous wor shi p, or r el i gi ous cer emoni es, shal l be puni shed wi t h i mpr i sonment of ei t her descr i pt i on f or a t er mwhi ch may ext end t o one year , or wi t h f i ne, or wi t h bot h.
297.
Tr espassi ng on bur i al pl aces, et c.
297. Tr espassi ng on bur i al pl aces, et c. - - Whoever , wi t h t he i nt ent i on of woundi ng t he f eel i ngs of any per son, or of i nsul t i ng t he r el i gi on of any per son, or wi t h t he knowl edge t hat t he f eel i ngs of any per son ar e l i kel y t o be wounded, or t hat t he r el i gi on of any per son i s l i kel y t o be i nsul t ed t her eby,
commi t s any t r espass i n any pl ace of wor shi p or on any pl ace of sepul t ur e, or any pl ace set apar t f or t he per f or mance of f uner al r i t es or as a deposi t or y f or t he r emai ns of t he dead, or of f er s any i ndi gni t y t o any human cor pse, or causes di st ur bance t o any per sons assembl ed f or t he per f or mance of f uner al cer emoni es, - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1. S. 294A i ns. by Act 27 of 1870, s. 10.
2. Subs. by t he A. O. 1937, f or " not aut hor i sed by Gover nment " .
3. Subs. by Act 3 of 1951, s. 3 and Sch. , f or " a l ot t er y or gani sed by t he Cent r al Gover nment or t he Gover nment of a Par t A St at e or a Par t B St at e" whi ch had been subs. by t he A. O. 1950, f or " a St at e l ot t er y" .
4. Subs. by t he A. O. 1950, f or " Pr ovi nci al " .
5. I ns. by Act 25 of 1927, s. 2.
6. Subs. by t he A. O. 1950, f or " Hi s Maj est y' s subj ect s" .
7. Subs. by Act 41 of 1961, s. 3, f or cer t ai n wor ds.
8. Subs. by s. 3, i bi d. , f or " t wo year s" . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
166
shal l be puni shed wi t h i mpr i sonment of ei t her descr i pt i on f or a t er mwhi ch may ext end t o one year , or wi t h f i ne, or wi t h bot h.
298.
Ut t er i ng wor ds, et c. , wi t h del i ber at e i nt ent t o wound r el i gi ous f eel i ngs.
298. Ut t er i ng wor ds, et c. , wi t h del i ber at e i nt ent t o wound r el i gi ous f eel i ngs. - - Whoever , wi t h t he del i ber at e i nt ent i on of woundi ng t he r el i gi ous f eel i ngs of any per son, ut t er s any wor d or makes any sound i n t he hear i ng of t hat per son or makes any gest ur e i n t he si ght of t hat per son or pl aces any obj ect i n t he si ght of t hat per son, shal l be puni shed wi t h i mpr i sonment of ei t her descr i pt i on f or a t er mwhi ch may ext end t o one year , or wi t h f i ne, or wi t h bot h.
CHAPTER XVI
OF OFFENCES AFFECTI NG THE HUMAN BODY
CHAPTER XVI
OF OFFENCES AFFECTI NG THE HUMAN BODY
Of of f ences af f ect i ng l i f e
299.
Cul pabl e homi ci de.
299. Cul pabl e homi ci de. - - Whoever causes deat h by doi ng an act wi t h t he i nt ent i on of causi ng deat h, or wi t h t he i nt ent i on of causi ng such bodi l y i nj ur y as i s l i kel y t o cause deat h, or wi t h t he knowl edge t hat he i s l i kel y by such act t o cause deat h, commi t s t he of f ence of cul pabl e homi ci de.
I l l ust r at i ons
( a) A l ays st i cks and t ur f over a pi t , wi t h t he i nt ent i on of t her eby causi ng deat h, or wi t h t he knowl edge t hat deat h i s l i kel y t o be t her eby caused. Z, bel i evi ng t he gr ound t o be f i r m, t r eads on i t , f al l s i n and i s ki l l ed. A has commi t t ed t he of f ence of cul pabl e homi ci de.
( b) A knows Z t o be behi nd a bush. B does not know i t . A, i nt endi ng t o cause, or knowi ng i t t o be l i kel y t o cause Z' s deat h, i nduces B t o f i r e at t he bush. B f i r es and ki l l s Z. Her e B may be gui l t y of no of f ence; but A has commi t t ed t he of f ence of cul pabl e homi ci de.
( c) A, by shoot i ng at a f owl wi t h i nt ent t o ki l l and st eal i t , ki l l s B, who i s behi nd a bush; A not knowi ng t hat he was t her e. Her e, al t hough A was doi ng an unl awf ul act , he was not gui l t y of cul pabl e homi ci de, as he di d not i nt end t o ki l l B or t o cause deat h by doi ng an act t hat he knew was l i kel y t o cause deat h.
Expl anat i on 1. - A per son who causes bodi l y i nj ur y t o anot her who i s l abour i ng under a di sor der , di sease or bodi l y i nf i r mi t y, and t her eby accel er at es t he deat h of t hat ot her , shal l be deemed t o have caused hi s deat h.
Expl anat i on 2. - Wher e deat h i s caused by bodi l y i nj ur y, t he per son who causes such bodi l y i nj ur y shal l be deemed t o have caused t he deat h, al t hough by r esor t i ng t o pr oper r emedi es and ski l f ul t r eat ment t he deat h mi ght have been pr event ed.
Expl anat i on 3. - The causi ng of t he deat h of a chi l d i n t he mot her ' s womb i s not homi ci de. But i t may amount t o cul pabl e homi ci de t o cause t he deat h of a l i vi ng chi l d, i f any par t of t hat chi l d has been br ought f or t h, t hough t he chi l d may not have br eat hed or been compl et el y bor n.
300.
Mur der .
300. Mur der . - - Except i n t he cases her ei naf t er except ed, cul pabl e homi ci de i s mur der , i f t he act by whi ch t he deat h i s caused i s done wi t h t he i nt ent i on of causi ng deat h, or -
167
2ndl y. - I f i t i s done wi t h t he i nt ent i on of causi ng such bodi l y i nj ur y as t he of f ender knows t o be l i kel y t o cause t he deat h of t he per son t o whomt he har mi s caused. or -
3r dl y. - I f i t i s done wi t h t he i nt ent i on of causi ng bodi l y i nj ur y t o any per son and t he bodi l y i nj ur y i nt ended t o be i nf l i ct ed i s suf f i ci ent i n t he or di nar y cour se of nat ur e t o cause deat h, or -
4t hl y. - I f t he per son commi t t i ng t he act knows t hat i t i s so i mmi nent l y danger ous t hat i t must , i n al l pr obabi l i t y, cause deat h, or such bodi l y i nj ur y as i s l i kel y t o cause deat h, and commi t s such act wi t hout any excuse f or i ncur r i ng t he r i sk of causi ng deat h or such i nj ur y as af or esai d.
I l l ust r at i ons
( a) A shoot s Z wi t h t he i nt ent i on of ki l l i ng hi m. Z di es i n consequence. A commi t s mur der .
( b) A, knowi ng t hat Z i s l abour i ng under such a di sease t hat a bl ow i s l i kel y t o cause hi s deat h, st r i kes hi mwi t h t he i nt ent i on of causi ng bodi l y i nj ur y. Z di es i n consequence of t he bl ow. A i s gui l t y of mur der , al t hough t he bl ow mi ght not have been suf f i ci ent i n t he or di nar y cour se of nat ur e t o cause t he deat h of a per son i n a sound st at e of heal t h. But i f A, not knowi ng t hat Z i s l abour i ng under any di sease, gi ves hi msuch a bl ow as woul d not i n t he or di nar y cour se of nat ur e ki l l a per son i n a sound st at e of heal t h, her e A, al t hough he may i nt end t o cause bodi l y i nj ur y, i s not gui l t y of mur der , i f he di d not i nt end t o cause deat h, or such bodi l y i nj ur y as i n t he or di nar y cour se of nat ur e woul d cause deat h.
( c) A i nt ent i onal l y gi ves Z a swor d- cut or cl ub- wound suf f i ci ent t o cause t he deat h of a man i n t he or di nar y cour se of nat ur e. Z di es i n consequence. Her e A i s gui l t y of mur der , al t hough he may not have i nt ended t o cause Z' s deat h.
( d) A wi t hout any excuse f i r es a l oaded cannon i nt o a cr owd of per sons and ki l l s one of t hem. A i s gui l t y of mur der , al t hough he may not have had a pr emedi t at ed desi gn t o ki l l any par t i cul ar i ndi vi dual .
Except i on 1. - When cul pabl e homi ci de i s not mur der . - Cul pabl e homi ci de i s not mur der i f t he of f ender , whi l st depr i ved of t he power of sel f - cont r ol by gr ave and sudden pr ovocat i on, causes t he deat h of t he per son who gave t he pr ovocat i on or causes t he deat h of any ot her per son by mi st ake or acci dent .
The above except i on i s subj ect t o t he f ol l owi ng pr ovi sos: -
Fi r st . - That t he pr ovocat i on i s not sought or vol unt ar i l y pr ovoked by t he of f ender as an excuse f or ki l l i ng or doi ng har mt o any per son.
Secondl y. - That t he pr ovocat i on i s not gi ven by anyt hi ng done i n obedi ence t o t he l aw, or by a publ i c ser vant i n t he l awf ul exer ci se of t he power s of such publ i c ser vant .
Thi r dl y. - That t he pr ovocat i on i s not gi ven by anyt hi ng done i n t he l awf ul exer ci se of t he r i ght of pr i vat e def ence.
Expl anat i on. - Whet her t he pr ovocat i on was gr ave and sudden enough t o pr event t he of f ence f r omamount i ng t o mur der i s a quest i on of f act .
168
I l l ust r at i ons
( a) A, under t he i nf l uence of passi on exci t ed by a pr ovocat i on gi ven by Z, i nt ent i onal l y ki l l s Y, Z' s chi l d. Thi s i s mur der , i nasmuch as t he pr ovocat i on was not gi ven by t he chi l d, and t he deat h of t he chi l d was not caused by acci dent or mi sf or t une i n doi ng an act caused by t he pr ovocat i on.
( b) Y gi ves gr ave and sudden pr ovocat i on t o A. A, on t hi s pr ovocat i on, f i r es a pi st ol at Y, nei t her i nt endi ng nor knowi ng hi msel f t o be l i kel y t o ki l l Z, who i s near hi m, but out of si ght . A ki l l s Z. Her e A has not commi t t ed mur der , but mer el y cul pabl e homi ci de.
( c) A i s l awf ul l y ar r est ed by Z, a bai l i f f . A i s exci t ed t o sudden and vi ol ent passi on by t he ar r est , and ki l l s Z. Thi s i s mur der , i nasmuch as t he pr ovocat i on was gi ven by a t hi ng done by a publ i c ser vant i n t he exer ci se of hi s power s.
( d) A appear s as a wi t ness bef or e Z, a Magi st r at e. Z says t hat he does not bel i eve a wor d of A' s deposi t i on, and t hat A has per j ur ed hi msel f . A i s moved t o sudden passi on by t hese wor ds, and ki l l s Z. Thi s i s mur der .
( e) A at t empt s t o pul l Z' s nose. Z, i n t he exer ci se of t he r i ght of pr i vat e def ence, l ays hol d of A t o pr event hi mf r omdoi ng so. A i s moved t o sudden and vi ol ent passi on i n consequence, and ki l l s Z. Thi s i s mur der , i nasmuch as t he pr ovocat i on was gi vi ng by a t hi ng done i n t he exer ci se of t he r i ght of pr i vat e def ence.
( f ) Z st r i kes B. B i s by t hi s pr ovocat i on exci t ed t o vi ol ent r age. A, a byst ander , i nt endi ng t o t ake advant age of B' s r age, and t o cause hi mt o ki l l Z, put s a kni f e i nt o B' s hand f or t hat pur pose. B ki l l s Z wi t h t he kni f e. Her e B may have commi t t ed onl y cul pabl e homi ci de, but A i s gui l t y of mur der .
Except i on 2. - Cul pabl e homi ci de i s not mur der i f t he of f ender i n t he exer ci se i n good f ai t h of t he r i ght of pr i vat e def ence or per son or pr oper t y, exceeds t he power gi ven t o hi m by l aw and causes t he deat h of t he per son agai nst whom he i s exer ci si ng such r i ght of def ence wi t hout pr emedi t at i on, and wi t hout any i nt ent i on of doi ng mor e har mt han i s necessar y f or t he pur pose of such def ence.
I l l ust r at i on
Z at t empt s t o hor sewhi p A, not i n such a manner as t o cause gr i evous hur t t o A. A dr aws out a pi st ol . Z per si st s i n t he assaul t . A bel i evi ng i n good f ai t h t hat he can by no ot her means pr event hi msel f f r ombei ng hor sewhi pped, shoot s Z dead. A has not commi t t ed mur der , but onl y cul pabl e homi ci de.
Except i on 3. - Cul pabl e homi ci de i s not mur der i f t he of f ender , bei ng a publ i c ser vant or ai di ng a publ i c ser vant act i ng f or t he advancement of publ i c j ust i ce, exceeds t he power s gi ven t o hi mby l aw, and causes deat h by doi ng an act whi ch he, i n good f ai t h, bel i eves t o be l awf ul and necessar y f or t he due di schar ge of hi s dut y as such publ i c ser vant and wi t hout i l l - wi l l t owar ds t he per son whose deat h i s caused.
Except i on 4. - Cul pabl e homi ci de i s not mur der i f i t i s commi t t ed wi t hout pr emedi t at i on i n a sudden f i ght i n t he heat of passi on upon a sudden quar r el and wi t hout t he of f ender ' s havi ng t aken undue advant age or act ed i n a cr uel or unusual manner .
Expl anat i on. - I t i s i mmat er i al i n such cases whi ch par t y of f er s t he pr ovocat i on or commi t s t he f i r st assaul t .
Except i on 5. - Cul pabl e homi ci de i s not mur der when t he per son whose deat h i s caused, bei ng above t he age of ei ght een year s, suf f er s deat h or t akes t he r i sk of deat h wi t h hi s own consent .
169
I l l ust r at i on
A, by i nst i gat i on, vol unt ar i l y causes Z, a per son under ei ght een year s of age, t o commi t sui ci de. Her e, on account of Z' s yout h, he was i ncapabl e of gi vi ng consent t o hi s own deat h; A has t her ef or e abet t ed mur der .
301.
Cul pabl e homi ci de by causi ng deat h of per son ot her t han per son whose deat h was i nt ended.
301. Cul pabl e homi ci de by causi ng deat h of per son ot her t han per son whose deat h was i nt ended. - - I f a per son, by doi ng anyt hi ng whi ch he i nt ends or knows t o be l i kel y t o cause deat h, commi t s cul pabl e homi ci de by causi ng t he deat h of any per son, whose deat h he nei t her i nt ends nor knows hi msel f t o be l i kel y t o cause, t he cul pabl e homi ci de commi t t ed by t he of f ender i s of t he descr i pt i on of whi ch i t woul d have been i f he had caused t he deat h of t he per son whose deat h he i nt ended or knew hi msel f t o he l i kel y t o cause.
302.
Puni shment f or mur der .
302. Puni shment f or mur der . - - Whoever commi t s mur der shal l be puni shed wi t h deat h, or 1*[ i mpr i sonment f or l i f e] , and shal l al so be l i abl e t o f i ne.
303.
Puni shment f or mur der by l i f e- convi ct .
303. Puni shment f or mur der by l i f e- convi ct . - - Whoever , bei ng under sent ence of 1*[ i mpr i sonment f or l i f e] , commi t s mur der , shal l be puni shed wi t h deat h.
304.
Puni shment f or cul pabl e homi ci de not amount i ng t o mur der .
304. Puni shment f or cul pabl e homi ci de not amount i ng t o mur der . - - Whoever commi t s cul pabl e homi ci de not amount i ng t o mur der shal l be puni shed wi t h 1*[ i mpr i sonment f or l i f e] , or i mpr i sonment of ei t her descr i pt i on f or a t er m whi ch may ext end t o t en year s, and shal l al so be l i abl e t o f i ne, i f t he act by whi ch t he deat h i s caused i s done wi t h t he i nt ent i on of causi ng deat h. or of causi ng such bodi l y i nj ur y as i s l i kel y t o cause deat h;
or wi t h i mpr i sonment of ei t her descr i pt i on f or a t er mwhi ch may ext end t o t en year s, or wi t h f i ne, or wi t h bot h, i f t he act i s done wi t h t he knowl edge t hat i t i s l i kel y t o cause deat h, but wi t hout any i nt ent i on t o cause deat h, or t o cause such bodi l y i nj ur y as i s l i kel y t o cause deat h.
304A.
Causi ng deat h by negl i gence.
2*[ 304A. Causi ng deat h by negl i gence. - - Whoever causes t he deat h of any per son by doi ng any r ash or negl i gent act not amount i ng t o cul pabl e homi ci de shal l be puni shed wi t h i mpr i sonment of ei t her descr i pt i on f or a t er mwhi ch may ext end t o t wo year s, or wi t h f i ne, or wi t h bot h. ]
304B.
Dowr y deat h.
3*[ 304B. Dowr y deat h. - - ( 1) Wher e t he deat h of a woman i s caused by any bur ns or bodi l y i nj ur y or occur s ot her wi se t han under nor mal ci r cumst ances wi t hi n seven year s of her mar r i age and i t i s shown t hat soon bef or e her deat h she was subj ect ed t o cr uel t y or har assment by her husband or any r el at i ve of her husband f or , or i n connect i on wi t h, any demand f or dowr y, such deat h shal l be cal l ed " dowr y deat h" , and such husband or r el at i ve shal l be deemed t o have caused her deat h.
Expl anat i on. - For t he pur poses of t hi s sub- sect i on, " dowr y" shal l have t he same meani ng as i n sect i on 2 of t he Dowr y Pr ohi bi t i on Act , 1961 ( 28 of 1961) .
( 2) Whoever commi t s dowr y deat h shal l be puni shed wi t h i mpr i sonment f or a t er m whi ch shal l not be l ess t han seven year s but whi ch may ext end t o i mpr i sonment f or l i f e. ] - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1. Subs. by Act 26 of 1955, s. 117 and Sch. , f or " t r anspor t at i on f or l i f e" .
2. S. 304A was i ns. by Act 27 of 1870, s. 12.
3. I ns. by Act 43 of 1986, s. 10 ( w. e. f . 19- 11- 1986) .
170
305.
Abet ment of sui ci de of chi l d or i nsane per son.
305. Abet ment of sui ci de of chi l d or i nsane per son. - - I f any per son under ei ght een year s of age, any i nsane per son, any del i r i ous per son, any i di ot , or any per son i n a st at e of i nt oxi cat i on commi t s sui ci de, whoever abet s t he commi ssi on of such sui ci de, shal l be puni shed wi t h deat h or 1*[ i mpr i sonment f or l i f e] , or i mpr i sonment f or a t er mnot exceedi ng t en year s, and shal l al so be l i abl e t o f i ne.
306.
Abet ment of sui ci de.
306. Abet ment of sui ci de. - - I f any per son commi t s sui ci de, whoever abet s t he commi ssi on of such sui ci de, shal l be puni shed wi t h i mpr i sonment of ei t her descr i pt i on f or a t er mwhi ch may ext end t o t en year s, and shal l al so be l i abl e t o f i ne.
307.
At t empt t o mur der .
307. At t empt t o mur der . - - Whoever does any act wi t h such i nt ent i on or knowl edge, and under such ci r cumst ances t hat , i f he by t hat act caused deat h, he woul d be gui l t y of mur der , shal l be puni shed wi t h i mpr i sonment of ei t her descr i pt i on f or a t er mwhi ch may ext end t o t en year s, and shal l al so be l i abl e t o f i ne; and, i f hur t i s caused t o any per son by such act , t he of f ender shal l be l i abl e ei t her t o 1*[ i mpr i sonment f or l i f e] , or t o such puni shment as i s her ei nbef or e ment i oned.
At t empt s by l i f e- convi ct s.
At t empt s by l i f e- convi ct s. - 2*[ When any per son of f endi ng under t hi s sect i on i s under sent ence of 1*[ i mpr i sonment f or l i f e] , he may, i f hur t i s caused, be puni shed wi t h deat h. ]
I l l ust r at i ons
( a) A shoot s at Z wi t h i nt ent i on t o ki l l hi m, under such ci r cumst ances t hat , i f deat h ensued A woul d be gui l t y of mur der . A i s l i abl e t o puni shment under t hi s sect i on
( b) A, wi t h t he i nt ent i on of causi ng t he deat h of a chi l d of t ender year s, exposes i t i n a deser t pl ace A has commi t t ed t he of f ence def i ned by t hi s sect i on, t hough t he deat h of t he chi l d does not ensue.
( c) A, i nt endi ng t o mur der Z, buys a gun and l oads i t . A has not yet commi t t ed t he of f ence. A f i r es t he gun at Z. He has commi t t ed t he of f ence def i ned i n t hi s sect i on, and, i f by such f i r i ng he wounds Z, he i s l i abl e t o t he puni shment pr ovi ded by t he l at t er par t of 3*[ t he f i r st par agr aph of ] t hi s sect i on.
( d) A, i nt endi ng t o mur der Z by poi son, pur chases poi son and mi xes t he same wi t h f ood whi ch r emai ns i n A' s keepi ng; A has not yet commi t t ed t he of f ence i n t hi s sect i on. A pl aces t he f ood on Z' s t abl e or del i ver s i t t o Z' s ser vant s t o pl ace i t on Z' s t abl e. A has commi t t ed t he of f ence def i ned i n t hi s sect i on.
308.
At t empt t o commi t cul pabl e homi ci de.
308. At t empt t o commi t cul pabl e homi ci de. - - Whoever does any act wi t h such i nt ent i on or knowl edge and under such ci r cumst ances t hat , i f he by t hat act caused deat h, he woul d be gui l t y of cul pabl e homi ci de not amount i ng t o mur der , shal l be puni shed wi t h i mpr i sonment of ei t her descr i pt i on f or a t er mwhi ch may ext end t o t hr ee year s, or wi t h f i ne, or wi t h bot h; and, i f hur t i s caused t o any per son by such act , shal l be puni shed wi t h i mpr i sonment of ei t her descr i pt i on f or a t er mwhi ch may ext end t o seven year s, or wi t h f i ne, or wi t h bot h. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1. Subs. by Act 26 of 1955, s. 117 and Sch. , f or " t r anspor t at i on f or l i f e" .
A, on gr ave and sudden pr ovocat i on, f i r es a pi st ol at Z, under such ci r cumst ances t hat i f he t her e by caused deat h he woul d be gui l t y of cul pabl e homi ci de not amount i ng t o mur der . A has commi t t ed t he of f ence def i ned i n t hi s sect i on.
309.
At t empt t o commi t sui ci de.
309. At t empt t o commi t sui ci de. - - Whoever at t empt s t o commi t sui ci de and does any act t owar ds t he commi ssi on of such of f ence, shal l be puni shed wi t h si mpl e i mpr i sonment f or a t er mwhi ch may ext end t o one year 1*[ or wi t h f i ne, or wi t h bot h. ]
310.
Thug.
310. Thug. - - Whoever , at any t i me af t er t he passi ng of t hi s Act , shal l have been habi t ual l y associ at ed wi t h any ot her or ot her s f or t he pur pose of commi t t i ng r obber y or chi l d- st eal i ng by means of or accompani ed wi t h mur der , i s a t hug.
311.
Puni shment .
311. Puni shment . - - Whoever i s a t hug, shal l be puni shed wi t h 2[ i mpr i sonment f or l i f e] , and shal l al so be l i abl e t o f i ne.
Of t he causi ng of mi scar r i age, of i nj ur i es t o unbor n chi l dr en, of t he exposur e of i nf ant s, and of t he conceal ment of bi r t hs.
312.
Causi ng mi scar r i age.
312. Causi ng mi scar r ai ge. - - Whoever vol unt ar i l y causes a woman wi t h chi l d t o mi scar r y, shal l i f such mi scar r i age be not caused i n good f ai t h f or t he pur pose of savi ng t he l i f e of t he woman, be puni shed wi t h i mpr i sonment of ei t her descr i pt i on f or a t er mwhi ch may ext end t o t hr ee year s, or wi t h f i ne, or wi t h bot h; and, i f t he woman be qui ck wi t h chi l d, shal l be puni shed wi t h i mpr i sonment of ei t her descr i pt i on f or a t er mwhi ch may ext end t o seven year s, and shal l al so be l i abl e t o f i ne.
Expl anat i on. - A woman who causes her sel f t o mi scar r y, i s wi t hi n t he meani ng of t hi s sect i on.
313.
Causi ng mi scar r i age wi t hout woman' s consent .
313. Causi ng mi scar r i age wi t hout woman' s consent . - - Whoever commi t s t he of f ence def i ned i n t he l ast pr ecedi ng sect i on wi t hout t he consent of t he woman, whet her t he woman i s qui ck wi t h chi l d or not , shal l be puni shed wi t h 2*[ i mpr i sonment f or l i f e] , or wi t h i mpr i sonment of ei t her descr i pt i on f or a t er mwhi ch may ext end t o t en year s, and shal l al so be l i abl e t o f i ne.
314.
Deat h caused by act done wi t h i nt ent t o cause mi scar r i age.
314. Deat h caused by act done wi t h i nt ent t o cause mi scar r i age. - - Whoever , wi t h i nt ent t o cause t he mi scar r i age of a woman wi t h chi l d, does any act whi ch causes t he deat h of such woman, shal l be puni shed wi t h i mpr i sonment of ei t her descr i pt i on f or a t er mwhi ch may ext end t o t en year s, and shal l al so be l i abl e t o f i ne;
i f act done wi t hout woman' s consent .
i f act done wi t hout woman' s consent . - - and i f t he act i s done wi t hout t he consent of t he woman, shal l be puni shed ei t her wi t h 2*[ i mpr i sonment f or l i f e] , or wi t h t he puni shment above ment i oned.
Expl anat i on. - I t i s not essent i al t o t hi s of f ence t hat t he of f ender shoul d know t hat t he act i s l i kel y t o cause deat h.
315.
Act done wi t h i nt ent t o pr event chi l d bei ng bor n al i ve or t o cause i t t o di e af t er bi r t h.
315. Act done wi t h i nt ent t o pr event chi l d bei ng bor n al i ve or t o cause i t t o di e af t er bi r t h. - - Whoever bef or e t he bi r t h of any chi l d does any act wi t h t he i nt ent i on of t her eby pr event i ng t hat chi l d f r om bei ng bor n al i ve or causi ng i t t o di e af t er i t s bi r t h, and does by such - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1. Subs. by Act 8 of 1882, s. 7, f or " and shal l al so be l i abl e t o f i ne" .
2. Subs. by Act 26 of 1955, s. 117 and Sch. , f or " t r anspor t at i on f or l i f e" . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
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act pr event t hat chi l d f r ombei ng bor n al i ve, or causes i t t o di e af t er i t s bi r t h, shal l , i f such act be not caused i n good f ai t h f or t he pur pose of savi ng t he l i f e of t he mot her , be puni shed wi t h i mpr i sonment of ei t her descr i pt i on f or a t er mwhi ch may ext end t o t en year s, or wi t h f i ne, or wi t h bot h.
316.
Causi ng deat h of qui ck unbor n chi l d by act amount i ng t o cul pabl e homi ci de.
316. Causi ng deat h of qui ck unbor n chi l d by act amount i ng t o cul pabl e homi ci de. - - Whoever does any act under such ci r cumst ances, t hat i f he t her eby caused deat h he woul d be gui l t y of cul pabl e homi ci de, and does by such act cause t he deat h of a qui ck unbor n chi l d, shal l be puni shed wi t h i mpr i sonment of ei t her descr i pt i on f or a t er mwhi ch may ext end t o t en year s, and shal l al so be l i abl e t o f i ne.
I l l ust r at i on
A, knowi ng t hat he i s l i kel y t o cause t he deat h of a pr egnant woman, does an act whi ch, i f i t caused t he deat h of t he woman, woul d amount t o cul pabl e homi ci de. The woman i s i nj ur ed, but does not di e; but t he deat h of an unbor n qui ck chi l d wi t h whi ch she i s pr egnant i s t her eby caused. A i s gui l t y of t he of f ence def i ned i n t hi s sect i on.
317.
Exposur e and abandonment of chi l d under t wel ve year s, by par ent or per son havi ng car e of i t .
317. Exposur e and abandonment of chi l d under t wel ve year s, by par ent or per son havi ng car e of i t . - - Whoever bei ng t he f at her or mot her of a chi l d under t he age of t wel ve year s, or havi ng t he car e of such chi l d, shal l expose or l eave such chi l d i n any pl ace wi t h t he i nt ent i on of whol l y abandoni ng such chi l d, shal l be puni shed wi t h i mpr i sonment of ei t her descr i pt i on f or a t er mwhi ch may ext end t o seven year s, or wi t h f i ne, or wi t h bot h.
Expl anat i on. - Thi s sect i on i s not i nt ended t o pr event t he t r i al of t he of f ender f or mur der or cul pabl e homi ci de, as t he case may be, i f t he chi l d di e i n consequence of t he exposur e.
318.
Conceal ment of bi r t h by secr et di sposal of dead body.
318. Conceal ment of bi r t h by secr et di sposal of dead body. - - Whoever , by secr et l y bur yi ng or ot her wi se di sposi ng of t he dead body of a chi l d whet her such chi l d di e bef or e or af t er or dur i ng i t s bi r t h, i nt ent i onal l y conceal s or endeavor s t o conceal t he bi r t h of such chi l d, shal l be puni shed wi t h i mpr i sonment of ei t her descr i pt i on f or a t er mwhi ch may ext end t o t wo year s, or wi t h f i ne, or wi t h bot h.
Of hur t
319.
Hur t .
319. Hur t . - - Whoever causes bodi l y pai n, di sease or i nf i r mi t y t o any per son i s sai d t o cause hur t .
320.
Gr i evous hur t .
320. Gr i evous hur t . - - The f ol l owi ng ki nds of hur t onl y ar e desi gnat ed as " gr i evous" : -
Fi r st . - Emascul at i on.
Secondl y. - Per manent pr i vat i on of t he si ght of ei t her eye.
Thi r dl y. - Per manent pr i vat i on of t he hear i ng of ei t her ear .
Four t hl y. - Pr i vat i on of any member or j oi nt .
Fi f t hl y. - Dest r uct i on or per manent i mpai r i ng of t he power s of any member or j oi nt .
Si xt hl y. - Per manent di sf i gur at i on of t he head or f ace.
Sevent hl y. - Fr act ur e or di sl ocat i on of a bone or t oot h.
Ei ght hl y. - Any hur t whi ch endanger s l i f e or whi ch causes t he suf f er er t o be dur i ng t he space of t went y days i n sever e bodi l y pai n, or unabl e t o f ol l ow hi s or di nar y pur sui t s.
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321.
Vol unt ar i l y causi ng hur t .
321. Vol unt ar i l y causi ng hur t . - - Whoever does any act wi t h t he i nt ent i on of t her eby causi ng hur t t o any per son, or wi t h t he knowl edge t hat he i s l i kel y t her eby t o cause hur t t o any per son, and does t her eby cause hur t t o any per son, i s sai d " vol unt ar i l y t o cause hur t " .
322.
Vol unt ar i l y causi ng gr i evous hur t .
322. Vol unt ar i l y causi ng gr i evous hur t . - - Whoever vol unt ar i l y causes hur t , i f t he hur t whi ch he i nt ends t o cause or knows hi msel f t o be l i kel y t o cause i s gr i evous hur t , and i f t he hur t whi ch he causes i s gr i evous hur t , i s sai d " vol unt ar i l y t o cause gr i evous hur t " .
Expl anat i on. - A per son i s not sai d vol unt ar i l y t o cause gr i evous hur t except when he bot h causes gr i evous hur t and i nt ends or knows hi msel f t o be l i kel y t o cause gr i evous hur t . But he i s sai d vol unt ar i l y t o cause gr i evous hur t , i f i nt endi ng or knowi ng hi msel f t o be l i kel y t o cause gr i evous hur t of one ki nd, he act ual l y causes gr i evous hur t of anot her ki nd.
I l l ust r at i on
A, i nt endi ng of knowi ng hi msel f t o be l i kel y per manent l y t o di sf i gur e Z' s f ace, gi ves Z a bl ow whi ch does not per manent l y di sf i gur e Z' s f ace, but whi ch causes Z t o suf f er sever e bodi l y pai n f or t he space of t went y days. A has vol unt ar i l y caused gr i evous hur t .
323.
Puni shment f or vol unt ar i l y causi ng hur t .
323. Puni shment f or vol unt ar i l y causi ng hur t . - - Whoever , except i n t he case pr ovi ded f or by sect i on 334, vol unt ar i l y causes hur t , shal l be puni shed wi t h i mpr i sonment of ei t her descr i pt i on f or a t er mwhi ch may ext end t o one year , or wi t h f i ne whi ch may ext end t o one t housand r upees, or wi t h bot h.
324.
Vol unt ar i l y causi ng hur t by danger ous weapons or means.
324. Vol unt ar i l y causi ng hur t by danger ous weapons or means. - - Whoever , except i n t he case pr ovi ded f or by sect i on 334, vol unt ar i l y causes hur t by means of any i nst r ument f or shoot i ng, st abbi ng or cut t i ng, or any i nst r ument whi ch, used as a weapon of of f ence, i s l i kel y t o cause deat h, or by means of f i r e or any heat ed subst ance, or by means of any poi son or any cor r osi ve subst ance, or by means of any expl osi ve subst ance or by means of any subst ance whi ch i t i s del et er i ous t o t he human body t o i nhal e, t o swal l ow, or t o r ecei ve i nt o t he bl ood, or by means of any ani mal , shal l be puni shed wi t h i mpr i sonment of ei t her descr i pt i on f or a t er mwhi ch may ext end t o t hr ee year s, or wi t h f i ne, or wi t h bot h.
325.
Puni shment f or vol unt ar i l y causi ng gr i evous hur t
325. Puni shment f or vol unt ar i l y causi ng gr i evous hur t . - Whoever , except i n t he case pr ovi ded f or by sect i on 335, vol unt ar i l y causes gr i evous hur t , shal l be puni shed wi t h i mpr i sonment of ei t her descr i pt i on f or a t er mwhi ch may ext end t o seven year s, and shal l al so be l i abl e t o f i ne.
326.
Vol unt ar i l y causi ng gr i evous hur t by danger ous weapons or means.
326. Vol unt ar i l y causi ng gr i evous hur t by danger ous weapons or means. - - Whoever , except i n t he case pr ovi ded f or by sect i on 335, vol unt ar i l y causes gr i evous hur t by means of any i nst r ument f or shoot i ng, st abbi ng or cut t i ng, or any i nst r ument whi ch, used as a weapon of of f ence, i s l i kel y t o cause deat h, or by means of f i r e or any heat ed subst ance, or by means of any poi son or any cor r osi ve subst ance, or by means of any expl osi ve subst ance, or by means of any subst ance whi ch i t i s del et er i ous t o t he human body t o i nhal e, t o swal l ow, or t o r ecei ve i nt o t he bl ood, or by means of any ani mal , shal l be puni shed wi t h 1*[ i mpr i sonment f or l i f e] , or wi t h i mpr i sonment of ei t her descr i pt i on f or a t er mwhi ch may ext end t o t en year s, and shal l al so be l i abl e t o f i ne. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1. Subs, by Act 26 of 1955, s. 117 and Sch. , f or " t r anspor t at i on f or l i f e" . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
174
327.
Vol unt ar i l y causi ng hur t t o ext or t pr oper t y, or t o const r ai n t o an i l l egal t o an act .
327. Vol unt ar i l y causi ng hur t t o ext or t pr oper t y, or t o const r ai n t o an i l l egal t o an act . - - Whoever vol unt ar i l y causes hur t , f or t he pur pose of ext or t i ng f r omt he suf f er er , or f r omany per son i nt er est ed i n t he suf f er er , any pr oper t y or val uabl e secur i t y, or of const r ai ni ng t he suf f er er or any per son i nt er est ed i n such suf f er er t o do anyt hi ng whi ch i s i l l egal or whi ch may f aci l i t at e t he commi ssi on of an of f ence, shal l be puni shed wi t h i mpr i sonment of ei t her descr i pt i on f or a t er m whi ch may ext end t o t en year s, and shal l al so be l i abl e t o f i ne.
328.
Causi ng hur t by means of poi son, et c. , wi t h i nt ent t o commi t and of f ence.
328. Causi ng hur t by means of poi son, et c. , wi t h i nt ent t o commi t and of f ence. - - Whoever admi ni st er s t o or causes t o be t aken by any per son any poi son or any st upef yi ng, i nt oxi cat i ng or unwhol esome dr ug, or ot her t hi ng wi t h i nt ent t o cause hur t t o such per son, or wi t h i nt ent t o commi t or t o f aci l i t at e t he commi ssi on of an of f ence or knowi ng i t t o be l i kel y t hat he wi l l t her eby cause hur t , shal l be puni shed wi t h i mpr i sonment of ei t her descr i pt i on f or a t er mwhi ch may ext end t o t en year s, and shal l al so be l i abl e t o f i ne.
329.
Vol unt ar i l y causi ng gr i evous hur t t o ext or t pr oper t y, or t o const r ai n t o an i l l egal act .
329. Vol unt ar i l y causi ng gr i evous hur t t o ext or t pr oper t y, or t o const r ai n t o an i l l egal act . - - Whoever vol unt ar i l y causes gr i evous hur t f or t he pur pose of ext or t i ng f r om t he suf f er er or f r om any per son i nt er est ed i n t he suf f er er any pr oper t y or val uabl e secur i t y, or of const r ai ni ng t he suf f er er or any per son i nt er est ed i n such suf f er er t o do anyt hi ng t hat i s i l l egal or whi ch may f aci l i t at e t he commi ssi on of an of f ence, shal l be puni shed wi t h 1*[ i mpr i sonment f or l i f e] , or i mpr i sonment of ei t her descr i pt i on f or a t er mwhi ch may ext end t o t en year s, and shal l al so be l i abl e t o f i ne.
330.
Vol unt ar i l y causi ng hur t t o ext or t conf essi on or t o compel r est or at i on of pr oper t y.
320. Vol unt ar i l y causi ng hur t t o ext or t conf essi on or t o compel r est or at i on of pr oper t y. - - Whoever vol unt ar i l y causes hur t , f or t he pur pose of ext or t i ng f r om t he suf f er er or f r omany per son i nt er est ed i n t he suf f er er , any conf essi on or any i nf or mat i on whi ch may l ead t o t he det ect i on of an of f ence or mi sconduct , or f or t he pur pose of const r ai ni ng t he suf f er er or any per son i nt er est ed i n t he suf f er er t o r est or e or t o cause t he r est or at i on of any pr oper t y or val uabl e secur i t y or t o sat i sf y any cl ai m or demand, or t o gi ve i nf or mat i on whi ch may l ead t o t he r est or at i on of any pr oper t y or val uabl e secur i t y, shal l be puni shed wi t h i mpr i sonment of ei t her descr i pt i on f or a t er mwhi ch may ext end t o seven year s, and shal l al so be l i abl e t o f i ne.
I l l ust r i at i ons
( a) A, a pol i ce- of f i cer , t or t ur es Z i n or der t o i nduce Z t o conf ess t hat he commi t t ed a cr i me. A i s gui l y of an of f ence under t hi s sect i on.
( b) A, a pol i ce- of f i cer , t or t ur es B t o i nduce hi mt o poi nt out wher e cer t ai n st ol en pr oper t y i s deposi t ed. A i s gui l t y of an of f ence under t hi s sect i on.
( c) A, a r evenue of f i cer , t or t ur es z i n or der t o compel hi mt o pay cer t ai n ar r ear s of r evenue due f r omZ. A i s gui l t y of an of f ence under t hi s sect i on.
( d) A, a zami ndar , t or t ur es a r ai yat i n or der t o compel hi mt o pay hi s r ent . A i s gui l t y of an of f ence under t hi s sect i on.
331.
Vol unt ar i l y causi ng gr i evous hur t t o ext or t conf essi on, or t o compel r est or at i on of pr oper t y.
331. Vol unt ar i l y causi ng gr i evous hur t t o ext or t conf essi on, or t o compel r est or at i on of pr oper t y. - - Whoever vol unt ar i l y causes gr i evous hur t f or t he pur pose of ext or t i ng f r omt he suf f er er or f r om any per son i nt er est ed i n t he suf f er er any conf essi on or any i nf or mat i on whi ch may l ead t o t he det ect i on of an of f ence or mi sconduct , or f or t he pur pose of const r ai ni ng t he suf f er er or any per son - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1. Subs. by Act 26 of 1955, s. 117 and Sch. , f or " t r anspor t at i on f or l i f e" . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
175
i nt er est ed i n t he suf f er er t o r est or e or t o cause t he r est or at i on of any pr oper t y or val uabl e secur i t y, or t o sat i sf y any cl ai mor demand or t o gi ve i nf or mat i on whi ch may l ead t o t he r est or at i on of any pr oper t y or val uabl e secur i t y shal l be puni shed wi t h i mpr i sonment of ei t her descr i pt i on f or a t er mwhi ch may ext end t o t en year s, and shal l al so be l i abl e t o f i ne.
332.
Vol unt ar i l y causi ng hur t t o det er publ i c ser vant f r omhi s dut y.
332. Vol unt ar i l y causi ng hur t t o det er publ i c ser vant f r omhi s dut y. - - Whoever vol unt ar i l y causes hur t t o any per son bei ng a publ i c ser vant i n t he di schar ge of hi s dut y as such publ i c ser vant , or wi t h i nt ent t o pr event or det er t hat per son or any ot her publ i c ser vant f r omdi schar gi ng hi s dut y as such publ i c ser vant , or i n consequence of anyt hi ng done or at t empt ed t o be done by t hat per son i n t he l awf ul di schar ge of hi s dut y as such publ i c ser vant , shal l be puni shed wi t h i mpr i sonment of ei t her descr i pt i on f or a t er mwhi ch may ext end t o t hr ee year s, or wi t h f i ne, or wi t h bot h.
333.
Vol unt ar i l y causi ng gr i evous hur t t o det er publ i c ser vant f r omhi s dut y.
333. Vol unt ar i l y causi ng gr i evous hur t t o det er publ i c ser vant f r omhi s dut y. - - Whoever vol unt ar i l y causes gr i evous hur t t o any per son bei ng a publ i c ser vant i n t he di schar ge of hi s dut y as such publ i c ser vant , or wi t h i nt ent t o pr event or det er t hat per son or any ot her publ i c ser vant f r omdi schar gi ng hi s dut y as such publ i c ser vant , or i n consequence of anyt hi ng done or at t empt ed t o be done by t hat per son i n t he l awf ul di schar ge of hi s dut y as such publ i c ser vant , shal l be puni shed wi t h i mpr i sonment of ei t her descr i pt i on f or a t er mwhi ch may ext end t o t en year s, and shal l al so be l i abl e t o f i ne.
334.
Vol unt ar i l y causi ng hur t on pr ovocat i on.
334. Vol unt ar i l y causi ng hur t on pr ovocat i on. - - Whoever vol unt ar i l y causes hur t on gr ave and sudden pr ovocat i on, i f he nei t her i nt ends nor knows hi msel f t o be l i kel y t o cause hur t t o any per son ot her t han t he per son who gave t he pr ovocat i on, shal l be puni shed wi t h i mpr i sonment of ei t her descr i pt i on f or a t er mwhi ch may ext end t o one mont h, or wi t h f i ne whi ch may ext end t o f i ve hundr ed r upees, or wi t h bot h.
335.
Vol unt ar i l y causi ng gr i evous hur t on pr ovocat i on.
335. Vol unt ar i l y causi ng gr i evous hur t on pr ovocat i on. - - Whoever 1*[ vol unt ar i l y] causes gr i evous hur t on gr ave and sudden pr ovocat i on, i f he nei t her i nt ends nor knows hi msel f t o be l i kel y t o cause gr i evous hur t t o any per son ot her t han t he per son who gave t he pr ovocat i on shal l be puni shed wi t h i mpr i sonment of ei t her descr i pt i on f or a t er m whi ch may ext end t o f our year s, or wi t h f i ne whi ch may ext end t o t wo t housand r upees, or wi t h bot h.
Expl anat i on. - The l ast t wo sect i ons ar e subj ect t o t he same pr ovi sos as Except i on 1, sect i on 300.
336.
Act endanger i ng l i f e or per sonal saf et y of ot her s.
336. Act endanger i ng l i f e or per sonal saf et y of ot her s. - - Whoever does any act so r ashl y or negl i gent l y as t o endanger human l i f e or t he per sonal saf et y ot her s, shal l be puni shed wi t h i mpr i sonment of ei t her descr i pt i on f or a t er m whi ch may ext end t o t hr ee mont hs or wi t h f i ne whi ch may ext end t o t wo hundr ed and f i f t y r upees, or wi t h bot h.
337.
Causi ng hur t by act endanger i ng l i f e or per sonal saf et y of ot her s.
337. Causi ng hur t by act endanger i ng l i f e or per sonal saf et y of ot her s. - - Whoever causes hur t t o any per son by doi ng any act so r ashl y or negl i gent l y as t o endanger human l i f e, or t he per sonal saf et y of ot her s, shal l be puni shed wi t h i mpr i sonment of ei t her descr i pt i on f or a t er m whi ch may ext end t o si x mont hs, or wi t h f i ne whi ch may ext end t o f i ve hundr ed r upees, or wi t h bot h. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1. I ns. by Act 8 of 1882, s. 8, - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
176
338.
Causi ng gr i evous hur t by act endanger i ng l i f e or per sonal saf et y of ot her s.
338. Causi ng gr i evous hur t by act endanger i ng l i f e or per sonal saf et y of ot her s. - - Whoever causes gr i evous hur t t o any per son by doi ng any act so r ashl y or negl i gent l y as t o endanger human l i f e, or t he per sonal saf et y of ot her s, shal l be puni shed wi t h i mpr i sonment of ei t her descr i pt i on f or a t er mwhi ch may ext end t o t wo year s, or wi t h f i ne whi ch may ext end t o one t housand r upees, or wi t h bot h.
Of wr ongf ul r est r ai nt and wr ongf ul conf i nement
339.
Wr ongf ul r est r ai nt .
339. Wr ongf ul r est r ai nt . - - Whoever vol unt ar i l y obst r uct s any per son so as t o pr event t hat per son f r ompr oceedi ng i n any di r ect i on i n whi ch t hat per son has a r i ght t o pr oceed, i s sai d wr ongf ul l y t o r est r ai n t hat per son.
Except i on. - The obst r uct i on of a pr i vat e way over l and or wat er whi ch a per son i n good f ai t h bel i eves hi msel f t o have a l awf ul r i ght t o obst r uct , i s not an of f ence wi t hi n t he meani ng of t hi s sect i on.
I l l ust r at i on
A obst r uct s a pat h al ong whi ch Z has a r i ght t o pass. A not bel i evi ng i n good f ai t h t hat he has a r i ght t o st op t he pat h. Z i s t her eby pr event ed f r ompassi ng. A wr ongf ul l y r est r ai ns Z.
340.
Wr ongf ul conf i nement .
340. Wr ongf ul conf i nement . - - Whoever wr ongf ul l y r est r ai ns any per son i n such a manner as t o pr event t hat per son f r ompr oceedi ng beyond cer t ai n ci r cumscr i bi ng l i mi t s, i s sai d " wr ongf ul l y t o conf i ne" t hat per son.
I l l ust r at i ons
( a) A causes Z t o go wi t hi n a wal l ed space, and l ocks Z. Z i s t hus pr event ed f r om pr oceedi ng i n any di r ect i on beyond t he ci r cumscr i bi ng l i ne of wal l . A wr ongf ul l y conf i nes z.
( b) A pl aces men wi t h f i r ear ms at t he out l et s of a bui l di ng, and t el l s Z t hat t hey wi l l f i r e at Z i f Z at t empt s l eave t he bui l di ng. A wr ongf ul l y conf i nes Z.
341.
Puni shment f or wr ongf ul r est r ai nt .
341. Puni shment f or wr ongf ul r est r ai nt . - - Whoever wr ongf ul l y r est r ai ns any per son shal l be puni shed wi t h si mpl e i mpr i sonment f or a t er mwhi ch may ext end t o one mont h, or wi t h f i ne whi ch may ext end t o f i ve hundr ed r upees, or wi t h bot h.
342.
Puni shment f or wr ongf ul conf i nement .
342. Puni shment f or wr ongf ul conf i nement . - - Whoever wr ongf ul l y conf i nes any per son shal l be puni shed wi t h si mpl e i mpr i sonment of ei t her descr i pt i on f or a t er mwhi ch may ext end t o one year , or wi t h f i ne whi ch may ext end t o one t housand r upees, or wi t h bot h.
343.
Wr ongf ul conf i nement f or t hr ee or mor e days.
343. Wr ongf ul conf i nement f or t hr ee or mor e days. - - Whoever wr ongf ul l y conf i nes any per son f or t hr ee days or mor e, shal l be puni shed wi t h i mpr i sonment of ei t her descr i pt i on f or a t er mwhi ch may ext end t o t wo year s, or wi t h f i ne, or wi t h bot h.
344.
Wr ongf ul conf i nement f or t en or mor e days.
344. Wr ongf ul conf i nement f or t en or mor e days. - - Whoever wr ongf ul l y conf i nes any per son f or t en days, or mor e, shal l be puni shed wi t h i mpr i sonment of ei t her descr i pt i on f or a t er mwhi ch may ext end t o t hr ee year s, and shal l al so be l i abl e t o f i ne.
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345.
Wr ongf ul conf i nement of per son f or whose l i ber at i on wr i t has been i ssued.
345. Wr ongf ul conf i nement of per son f or whose l i ber at i on wr i t has been i ssued. - - Whoever keeps any per son i n wr ongf ul conf i nement , knowi ng t hat a wr i t f or t he l i ber at i on of t hat per son has been dul y i ssued, shal l be puni shed wi t h i mpr i sonment of ei t her descr i pt i on f or a t er m whi ch may ext end t o t wo year s i n addi t i on t o any t er m of i mpr i sonment t o whi ch he may be l i abl e under any ot her sect i on of t hi s Chapt er .
346.
Wr ongf ul conf i nement i n secr et .
346. Wr ongf ul conf i nement i n secr et . - - Whoever wr ongf ul l y conf i nes any per son i n such manner as t o i ndi cat e an i nt ent i on t hat t he conf i nement of such per son may not be known t o any per son i nt er est ed i n t he per son so conf i ned, or t o any publ i c ser vant , or t hat t he pl ace of such conf i nement may not be known t o or di scover ed by any such per son or publ i c ser vant as her ei nbef or e ment i oned, shal l be puni shed wi t h i mpr i sonment of ei t her descr i pt i on f or a t er mwhi ch may ext end t o t wo year s i n addi t i on t o any ot her puni shment t o whi ch he may be l i abl e f or such wr ongf ul conf i nement .
347.
Wr ongf ul conf i nement t o ext or t pr oper t y, or const r ai n t o i l l egal act .
347. Wr ongf ul conf i nement t o ext or t pr oper t y, or const r ai n t o i l l egal act . - - Whoever wr ongf ul l y conf i nes any per son f or t he pur pose of ext or t i ng f r omt he per son conf i ned, or f r omany per son i nt er est ed i n t he per son conf i ned, any pr oper t y or val uabl e secur i t y or of const r ai ni ng t he per son conf i ned or any per son i nt er est ed i n such per son t o do anyt hi ng i l l egal or t o gi ve any i nf or mat i on whi ch may f aci l i t at e t he commi ssi on of an of f ence, shal l be puni shed wi t h i mpr i sonment of ei t her descr i pt i on f or a t er mwhi ch may ext end t o t hr ee year s, and shal l al so be l i abl e t o f i ne.
348.
Wr ongf ul conf i nement t o ext or t conf essi on, or compel r est or at i on of pr oper t y.
348. Wr ongf ul conf i nement t o ext or t conf essi on, or compel r est or at i on of pr oper t y. - - Whoever wr ongf ul l y conf i nes any per son f or t he pur pose of ext or t i ng f r omt he per son conf i ned or any per son i nt er est ed i n t he per son conf i ned any conf essi on or any i nf or mat i on whi ch may l ead t o t he det ect i on of an of f ence or mi sconduct , or f or t he pur pose of const r ai ni ng t he per son conf i ned or any per son i nt er est ed i n t he per son conf i ned t o r est or e or t o cause t he r est or at i on of any pr oper t y or val uabl e secur i t y or t o sat i sf y any cl ai mor demand, or t o gi ve i nf or mat i on whi ch may l ead t o t he r est or at i on of any pr oper t y or val uabl e secur i t y, shal l be puni shed wi t h i mpr i sonment of ei t her descr i pt i on f or a t er mwhi ch may ext end t o t hr ee year s, and shal l al so be l i abl e t o f i ne.
Of cr i mi nal f or ce and assaul t
349.
For ce.
349. For ce. - - A per son i s sai d t o use f or ce t o anot her i f he causes mot i on, change of mot i on, or cessat i on of mot i on t o t hat ot her , or i f he causes t o any subst ance such mot i on, or change of mot i on, or cessat i on of mot i on as br i ngs t hat subst ance i nt o cont act wi t h any par t of t hat ot her ' s body, or wi t h anyt hi ng whi ch t hat ot her i s wear i ng or car r yi ng, or wi t h anyt hi ng so si t uat ed t hat such cont act af f ect s t hat ot her ' s sense of f eel i ng: Pr ovi ded t hat t he per son causi ng t he mot i on, or change of mot i on, or cessat i on of mot i on, causes t hat mot i on, change of mot i on, or cessat i on of mot i on i n one of t he t hr ee ways her ei naf t er descr i bed:
Fi r st . - By hi s own bodi l y power .
Secondl y. - By di sposi ng any subst ance i n such a manner t hat t he mot i on or change or cessat i on of mot i on t akes pl ace wi t hout any f ur t her act on hi s par t , or on t he par t of any ot her per son.
Thi r dl y. - By i nduci ng any ani mal t o move, t o change i t s mot i on, or t o cease t o move.
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350.
Cr i mi nal f or ce.
350. Cr i mi nal f or ce. - - Whoever i nt ent i onal l y uses f or ce t o any per son, wi t hout t hat per son' s consent , i n or der t o t he commi t t i ng of any of f ence, or i nt endi ng by t he use of such f or ce t o cause, or knowi ng i t t o be l i kel y t hat by t he use of such f or ce he wi l l cause i nj ur y, f ear or annoyance t o t he per son t o whomt he f or ce i s used, i s sai d t o use cr i mi nal f or ce t o t hat ot her .
I l l ust r at i ons
( a) Z i s si t t i ng i n a moor ed boat on a r i ver . A unf ast ens t he moor i ngs, and t hus i nt ent i onal l y causes t he boat t o dr i f t down t he st r eam. Her e A i nt ent i onal l y causes mot i on t o Z, and he does t hi s by di sposi ng subst ances i n such a manner t hat t he mot i on i s pr oduced wi t hout any ot her act i on on any per son' s par t . A has t her ef or e i nt ent i onal l y used f or ce t o Z; and i f he has done so wi t hout Z' s consent , i n or der t o t he commi t t i ng of any of f ence, or i nt endi ng or knowi ng i t t o be l i kel y t hat t hi s use of f or ce wi l l cause i nj ur y, f ear or annoyance t o Z, A has used cr i mi nal f or ce t o Z.
( b) Z i s r i di ng i n a char i ot . A l ashes Z' s hor ses and t her eby causes t hem t o qui cken t hei r pace. Her e A has caused change of mot i on t o Z by i nduci ng t he ani mal s t o change t hei r mot i on. A has t her ef or e used f or ce t o Z; and i f A has done t hi s wi t hout Z' s consent , i nt endi ng or knowi ng i t t o be l i kel y t hat he may t her eby i nj ur e, f r i ght en or annoy Z, A has used cr i mi nal f or ce t o Z.
( c) Z i s r i di ng i n a pal anqui n. A, i nt endi ng t o r ob Z, sei zes t he pol e and st ops t he pal anqui n. Her e A has caused cessat i on of mot i on t o Z, and he has done t hi s by hi s own bodi l y power . A has t her ef or e used f or ce t o Z; and as A has act ed t hus i nt ent i onal l y, wi t hout Z' s consent , i n or der t o t he commi ssi on of an of f ence. A has used cr i mi nal f or ce t o Z.
( d) A i nt ent i onal l y pushes agai nst Z i n t he st r eet . Her e A has by hi s own bodi l y power moved hi s own per son so as t o br i ng i t i nt o cont act wi t h Z. He has t her ef or e i nt ent i onal l y used f or ce t o Z; and i f he has done so wi t hout Z' s consent , i nt endi ng or knowi ng i t t o be l i kel y t hat he may t her eby i nj ur e, f r i ght en or annoy Z, he has used cr i mi nal f or ce t o Z.
( e) A t hr ows a st one, i nt endi ng or knowi ng i t t o be l i kel y t hat t he st one wi l l be t hus br ought i nt o cont act wi t h Z, or wi t h Z' s cl ot hes, or wi t h somet hi ng car r i ed by Z, or t hat i t wi l l st r i ke wat er , and dash up t he wat er agai nst Z' s cl ot hes or somet hi ng car r i ed by Z. Her e, i f t he t hr owi ng of t he st one pr oduce t he ef f ect of causi ng any subst ance t o come i nt o cont act wi t h Z, or Z' s cl ot hes, A has used f or ce t o Z, and i f he di d so wi t hout Z' s consent , i nt endi ng t her eby t o i nj ur e, f r i ght en or annoy Z, he has used cr i mi nal f or ce t o Z.
( f ) A i nt ent i onal l y pul l s up a Woman' s vei l . Her e A i nt ent i onal l y uses f or ce t o her , and i f he does so wi t hout her consent i nt endi ng or knowi ng i t t o be l i kel y t hat he may t her eby i nj ur e, f r i ght en or annoy her , he has used cr i mi nal f or ce t o her .
( g) Z i s bat hi ng. A pour s i nt o t he bat h wat er whi ch he knows t o be boi l i ng. Her e A i nt ent i onal l y by hi s own bodi l y power causes such mot i on i n t he boi l i ng wat er as br i ngs t hat wat er i nt o cont act wi t h Z, or wi t h ot her wat er so si t uat ed t hat such cont act must af f ect Z' s sense of f eel i ng, A has t her ef or e i nt ent i onal l y used f or ce t o Z; and i f he has done t hi s wi t hout Z' s consent i nt endi ng or knowi ng i t t o be l i kel y t hat he may t her eby cause i nj ur y, f ear or annoyance t o Z, A has used cr i mi nal f or ce.
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( h) A i nci t es a dog t o spr i ng upon Z, wi t hout Z' s consent . Her e, i f A i nt ends t o cause i nj ur y, f ear or annoyance t o Z, he uses cr i mi nal f or ce t o Z.
351.
Assaul t .
351. Assaul t . - - Whoever makes any gest ur e, or any pr epar at i on i nt endi ng or knowi ng i t t o be l i kel y t hat such gest ur e or pr epar at i on wi l l cause any per son pr esent t o appr ehend t hat he who makes t hat gest ur e or pr epar at i on i s about t o use cr i mi nal f or ce t o t hat per son, i s sai d t o commi t an assaul t .
Expl anat i on. - Mer e wor ds do not amount t o an assaul t . But t he wor ds whi ch a per son uses may gi ve t o hi s gest ur es or pr epar at i on such a meani ng as may make t hose gest ur es or pr epar at i ons amount t o an assaul t .
I l l ust r at i ons
( a) A shakes hi s f i st at Z, i nt endi ng or knowi ng i t t o be l i kel y t hat he may t her eby cause Z t o bel i eve t hat A i s about t o st r i ke Z. A has commi t t ed an assaul t .
( b) A begi ns t o unl oose t he muzzl e of a f er oci ous dog, i nt endi ng or knowi ng i t t o be l i kel y t hat he may t her eby cause Z t o bel i eve t hat he i s about t o cause t he dog t o at t ack Z. A has commi t t ed an assaul t upon Z.
( c) A t akes up a st i ck, sayi ng t o Z, " I wi l l gi ve you a beat i ng" . Her e, t hough t he wor ds used by A coul d i n no case amount t o an assaul t , and t hough t he mer e gest ur e, unaccompani ed by any ot her ci r cumst ances, mi ght not amount t o an assaul t , t he gest ur e expl ai ned by t he wor ds may amount t o an assaul t .
352.
Puni shment f or assaul t or cr i mi nal f or ce ot her wi se t han on gr ave pr ovocat i on.
352. Puni shment f or assaul t or cr i mi nal f or ce ot her wi se t han on gr ave pr ovocat i on. - - Whoever assaul t s or uses cr i mi nal f or ce t o any per son ot her wi se t han on gr ave and sudden pr ovocat i on gi ven by t hat per son, shal l be puni shed wi t h i mpr i sonment of ei t her descr i pt i on f or a t er mwhi ch may ext end t o t hr ee mont hs, or wi t h f i ne whi ch may ext end t o f i ve hundr ed r upees, or wi t h bot h.
Expl anat i on. - Gr ave and sudden pr ovocat i on wi l l not mi t i gat e t he puni shment f or an of f ence under t hi s sect i on, i f t he pr ovocat i on i s sought or vol unt ar i l y pr ovoked by t he of f ender as an excuse f or t he of f ence, or
i f t he pr ovocat i on i s gi ven by anyt hi ng done i n obedi ence t o t he l aw, or by a publ i c ser vant , i n t he l awf ul exer ci se of t he power s of such publ i c ser vant , or
i f t he pr ovocat i on i s gi ven by anyt hi ng done i n t he l awf ul exer ci se of t he r i ght of pr i vat e def ence.
Whet her t he pr ovocat i on was gr ave and sudden enough t o mi t i gat e t he of f ence, i s a quest i on of f act .
353.
Assaul t or cr i mi nal f or ce t o det er publ i c ser vant f r omdi schar ge of hi s dut y.
353. Assaul t or cr i mi nal f or ce t o det er publ i c ser vant f r om di schar ge of hi s dut y. - - Whoever assaul t s or uses cr i mi nal f or ce t o any per son bei ng a publ i c ser vant i n t he execut i on of hi s dut y as such publ i c ser vant , or wi t h i nt ent t o pr event or det er t hat per son f r om di schar gi ng hi s dut y as such publ i c ser vant , or i n consequence of anyt hi ng done or at t empt ed t o be done by such per son t o t he l awf ul di schar ge of hi s dut y as such publ i c ser vant , shal l be puni shed wi t h i mpr i sonment of ei t her descr i pt i on f or a t er mwhi ch may ext end t o t wo year s, or wi t h f i ne, or wi t h bot h.
180
354.
Assaul t or cr i mi nal f or ce t o woman wi t h i nt ent t o out r age her modest y.
354. Assaul t or cr i mi nal f or ce t o woman wi t h i nt ent t o out r age her modest y. - - Whoever assaul t s or uses cr i mi nal f or ce t o any woman, i nt endi ng t o out r age or knowi ng i t t o be l i kel y t hat he wi l l t her e by out r age her modest y, shal l be puni shed wi t h i mpr i sonment of ei t her descr i pt i on f or a t er mwhi ch may ext end t o t wo year s, or wi t h f i ne, or wi t h bot h.
355.
Assaul t or cr i mi nal f or ce wi t h i nt ent t o di shonour per son, ot her wi se t han on gr ave pr ovocat i on.
355. Assaul t or cr i mi nal f or ce wi t h i nt ent t o di shonour per son, ot her wi se t han on gr ave pr ovocat i on. - - Whoever assaul t s or uses cr i mi nal f or ce t o any per son, i nt endi ng t her eby t o di shonour t hat per son, ot her wi se t han on gr ave and sudden pr ovocat i on gi ven by t hat per son, shal l be puni shed wi t h i mpr i sonment of ei t her descr i pt i on f or a t er mwhi ch may ext end t o t wo year s, or wi t h f i ne, or wi t h bot h.
356.
Assaul t or cr i mi nal f or ce i n at t empt t o commi t t hef t of pr oper t y car r i ed by a per son.
356. Assaul t or cr i mi nal f or ce i n at t empt t o commi t t hef t of pr oper t y car r i ed by a per son. - - Whoever assaul t s or uses cr i mi nal f or ce t o any per son, i n at t empt i ng t o commi t t hef t on any pr oper t y whi ch t hat per son i s t hen wear i ng or car r yi ng shal l be puni shed wi t h i mpr i sonment of ei t her descr i pt i on f or a t er mwhi ch may ext end t o t wo year s, or wi t h f i ne, or wi t h bot h.
357.
Assaul t or cr i mi nal f or ce i n at t empt wr ongf ul l y t o conf i ne a per son.
357. Assaul t or cr i mi nal f or ce i n at t empt wr ongf ul l y t o conf i ne a per son. - - Whoever assaul t s or uses cr i mi nal f or ce t o any per son, i n at t empt i ng wr ongf ul l y t o conf i ne t hat per son, shal l be puni shed wi t h i mpr i sonment of ei t her descr i pt i on f or a t er mwhi ch may ext end t o one year , or wi t h f i ne whi ch may ext end t o one t housand r upees, or wi t h bot h.
358.
Assaul t or cr i mi nal f or ce on gr ave pr ovocat i on.
358. Assaul t or cr i mi nal f or ce on gr ave pr ovocat i on. - - Whoever assaul t s or uses cr i mi nal f or ce t o any per son on gr ave and sudden pr ovocat i on gi ven by t hat per son, shal l be puni shed wi t h si mpl e i mpr i sonment f or a t er m whi ch may ext end t o one mont h, or wi t h f i ne whi ch may ext end t o t wo hundr ed r upees, or wi t h bot h.
Expl anat i on. - The l ast sect i on i s subj ect t o t he same expl anat i on as sect i on 352.
Of ki dnappi ng, abduct i on, sl aver y and f or ced l abour
359.
Ki dnappi ng.
359. Ki dnappi ng. - - Ki dnappi ng i s of t wo ki nds : ki dnappi ng f r om 1*[ I ndi a] , and ki dnappi ng f r oml awf ul guar di anshi p.
360.
Ki dnappi ng f r omI ndi a.
360. Ki dnappi ng f r omI ndi a. - - Whoever conveys any per son beyond t he l i mi t s of 1*[ I ndi a] wi t hout t he consent of t hat per son, or of some per son l egal l y aut hor i zed t o consent on behal f of t hat per son, i s sai d t o ki dnap t hat per son f r om1*[ I ndi a] .
361.
Ki dnappi ng f r oml awf ul guar di anshi p.
361. Ki dnappi ng f r om l awf ul guar di anshi p. - - Whoever t akes or ent i ces any mi nor under 2*[ si xt een] year s of age i f a mal e, or under 3*[ ei ght een] year s of age i f a f emal e, or any per son of unsound mi nd, out of t he keepi ng of t he l awf ul guar di an of such mi nor or per son of unsound mi nd, wi t hout t he consent of such guar di an, i s sai d t o ki dnap such mi nor or per son f r oml awf ul guar di anshi p.
Expl anat i on. - The wor ds " l awf ul guar di an" i n t hi s sect i on i ncl ude any per son l awf ul l y ent r ust ed wi t h t he car e or cust ody of such mi nor or ot her per son. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1. Subs. by Act 3 of 1951, s. 3 and Sch. , f or " t he St at es. "
2. Subs. by Act 42 of 1949, s. 2, f or " f our t een" .
Except i on. - Thi s sect i on does not ext end t o t he act of any per son who i n good f ai t h bel i eves hi msel f t o be t he f at her of an i l l egi t i mat e chi l d, or who i n good f ai t h bel i eves hi msel f t o be ent i t l ed t o t he l awf ul cust ody of such chi l d, unl ess such act i s commi t t ed f or an i mmor al or unl awf ul pur pose.
362.
Abduct i on.
362. Abduct i on. - - Whoever by f or ce compel s, or by any decei t f ul means i nduces any per son t o go f r omany pl ace, i s sai d t o abduct t hat per son.
363.
Puni shment f or ki dnappi ng.
363. Puni shment f or ki dnappi ng. - - Whoever ki dnaps any per son f r om 1*[ I ndi a] or f r oml awf ul guar di anshi p, shal l be puni shed wi t h i mpr i sonment of ei t her descr i pt i on f or a t er mwhi ch may ext end t o seven year s, and shal l al so be l i abl e t o f i ne.
363A.
Ki dnappi ng or mai mi ng a mi nor f or pur poses of beggi ng.
2*[ 363A. Ki dnappi ng or mai mi ng a mi nor f or pur poses of beggi ng. - - ( 1) Whoever ki dnaps any mi nor or , not bei ng t he l awf ul guar di an of a mi nor , obt ai ns t he cust ody of t he mi nor , i n or der t hat such mi nor may be empl oyed or used f or t he pur poses of beggi ng shal l be puni shabl e wi t h i mpr i sonment of ei t her descr i pt i on f or a t er mwhi ch may ext end t o t en year s, and shal l al so be l i abl e t o f i ne.
( 2) Whoever mai ms any mi nor i n or der t hat such mi nor may be empl oyed or used f or t he pur poses of beggi ng shal l be puni shabl e wi t h i mpr i sonment f or l i f e, and shal l al so be l i abl e t o f i ne.
( 3) Wher e any per son, not bei ng t he l awf ul guar di an of a mi nor , empl oys or uses such mi nor f or t he pur poses of beggi ng, i t shal l be pr esumed, unl ess t he cont r ar y i s pr oved, t hat he ki dnapped or ot her wi se obt ai ned t he cust ody of t hat mi nor i n or der t hat t he mi nor mi ght be empl oyed or used f or t he pur poses of beggi ng.
( 4) I n t hi s sect i on, -
( a) " beggi ng" means-
( i ) sol i ci t i ng or r ecei vi ng al ms i n a publ i c pl ace, whet her under t he pr et ence of si ngi ng, danci ng, f or t unet el l i ng, per f or mi ng t r i cks or sel l i ng ar t i cl es or ot her wi se;
( i i ) ent er i ng on any pr i vat e pr emi ses f or t he pur pose of sol i ci t i ng or r ecei vi ng al ms;
( i i i ) exposi ng or exhi bi t i ng, wi t h t he obj ect of obt ai ni ng or ext or t i ng al ms, any sor e, wound, i nj ur y, def or mi t y or di sease, whet her of hi msel f or of any ot her per son or of an ani mal ;
( i v) usi ng a mi nor as an exhi bi t f or t he pur pose of sol i ci t i ng or r ecei vi ng al ms;
( b) " mi nor " means-
( i ) i n t he case of a mal e, a per son under si xt een year s of age; and
( i i ) i n t he case of a f emal e, a per son under ei ght een year s of age. ] - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1. Subs. by Act 3 of 1951, s. 3 and Sch. , f or " t he St at es" .
Ki dnappi ng or abduct i ng i n or der t o mur der .
364. Ki dnappi ng or abduct i ng i n or der t o mur der . - - Whoever ki dnaps or abduct s any per son i n or der t hat such per son may be mur der ed or may be so di sposed of as t o be put i n danger of bei ng mur der ed, shal l be puni shed wi t h 1*[ i mpr i sonment f or l i f e] or r i gor ous i mpr i sonment f or a t er mwhi ch may ext end t o t en year s, and shal l al so be l i abl e t o f i ne.
I I I ust r at i ons
( a) A ki dnaps Z f r om2*[ I ndi a] , i nt endi ng or knowi ng i t t o be l i kel y t hat Z may be sacr i f i ced t o an i dol . A has commi t t ed t he of f ence def i ned i n t hi s sect i on.
( b) A f or ci bl y car r i es or ent i ces B away f r omhi s home i n or der t hat B may be mur der ed. A has commi t t ed t he of f ence def i ned i n t hi s sect i on.
364A.
Ki dnappi n f or r ansom, et c.
3*364A. Ki dnappi ng f or r ansom, et c. - Whoever ki dnaps or abduct s any per son or keeps a per son i n det ent i on af t er such ki dnappi ng or abduct i on, and t hr eat ens t o cause deat h or hur t t o such per son, or by hi s conduct gi ves r i se t o a r easonabl e appr eensi on t hat such per son may be put t o deat h or hur t , or causes hur t or deat h t o such per son i n or der t o compel t he Gover nment or any f or ei gn St at e or i nt er nat i onal i nt er - gover nment al or gani sat i on or any ot her per son t o do or abst ai n f r om doi ng any act or t o pay a r ansom, shal l be puni shabl e wi t h deat h or i mpr i sonment f or l i f e, and shal l al so be l i abl e t o f i ne.
365.
Ki dnappi ng or abduct i ng wi t h i nt ent secr et l y and wr ongf ul l y t o conf i ne per son.
365. Ki dnappi ng or abduct i ng wi t h i nt ent secr et l y and wr ongf ul l y t o conf i ne per son. - - Whoever ki dnaps or abduct s any per son wi t h i nt ent t o cause t hat per son t o be secr et l y and wr ongf ul l y conf i ned, shal l be puni shed wi t h i mpr i sonment of ei t her descr i pt i on f or a t er m whi ch may ext end t o seven year s, and shal l al so be l i abl e t o f i ne.
366.
Ki dnappi ng, abduct i ng or i nduci ng woman t o compel her mar r i age, et c.
366. Ki dnappi ng, abduct i ng or i nduci ng woman t o compel her mar r i age, et c. - - Whoever ki dnaps or abduct s any woman wi t h i nt ent t hat she may be compel l ed, or knowi ng i t t o be l i kel y t hat she wi l l be compel l ed, t o mar r y any per son agai nst her wi l l , or i n or der t hat she may be f or ced or seduced t o i l l i ci t i nt er cour se, or knowi ng i t t o be l i kel y t hat she wi l l be f or ced or seduced t o i l l i ci t i nt er cour se, shal l be puni shed wi t h i mpr i sonment of ei t her descr i pt i on f or a t er m whi ch may ext end t o t en year s, and shal l al so be l i abl e t o f i ne; 3*[ and whoever , by means of cr i mi nal i nt i mi dat i on as def i ned i n t hi s Code or of abuse of aut hor i t y or any ot her met hod of compul si on, i nduces any woman t o go f r omany pl ace wi t h i nt ent t hat she may be, or knowi ng t hat i t i s l i kel y t hat she wi l l be, f or ced or seduced t o i l l i ci t i nt er cour se wi t h anot her per son shal l al so be puni shabl e as af or esai d] .
4*[ 366A.
Pr ocur at i on of mi nor gi r l .
6*[ 366A. Pr ocur at i on of mi nor gi r l . - - Whoever , by any means what soever , i nduces any mi nor gi r l under t he age of ei ght een year s t o go f r omany pl ace or t o do any act wi t h i nt ent t hat such gi r l may be, or knowi ng t hat i t i s l i kel y t hat she wi l l be, f or ced or seduced t o i l l i ci t i nt er cour se wi t h anot her per son shal l be puni shabl e wi t h i mpr i sonment whi ch may ext end t o t en year s, and shal l al so be l i abl e t o f i ne.
366B.
I mpor t at i on of gi r l f r omf or ei gn count r y.
366B. I mpor t at i on of gi r l f r omf or ei gn count r y. - - Whoever i mpor t s i nt o 2*[ I ndi a] f r omany count r y out si de I ndi a 7*[ or f r omt he St at e of J ammu and Kashmi r ] any gi r l under t he age of t went y- one year s wi t h i nt ent t hat she may be, or knowi ng i t t o be l i kel y t hat she wi l l be, f or ced or seduced t o i l l i ci t i nt er cour se wi t h anot her per son,
5* * * * *
shal l be puni shabl e wi t h i mpr i sonment whi ch may ext end t o t en year s, and shal l al so be l i abl e t o f i ne. ] - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1. Subs. by Act 26 of 1955, s. 117 and Sch. , f or " t r anspor t at i on f or l i f e" . 2. Subs. by Act 3 of 1951, s. 3 and Sch. , f or " t he St at es" . 3. I ns. by Act 42 of 1997 s. 2. 4. Subs. by Act 24 of 1995, s. 2. 5. I ns. by Act 20 of 1923, s. 2. 6. I ns. by s. 3, i bi d. 7. I ns. by Act 3 of 1951, s. 3 and Sch. , 8. Cer t ai n wor ds omi t t ed by s. 3 and Sch. , i bi d. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
183
367.
Ki dnappi ng or abduct i ng i n or der t o subj ect per son t o gr i evous hur t , sl aver y, et c.
367. Ki dnappi ng or abduct i ng i n or der t o subj ect per son t o gr i evous hur t , sl aver y, et c. - - Whoever ki dnaps or abduct s any per son i n or der t hat such per son may be subj ect ed, or may be so di sposed of as t o be put i n danger of bei ng subj ect ed t o gr i evous hur t , or sl aver y, or t o t he unnat ur al l ust of any per son, or knowi ng i t t o be l i kel y t hat such per son wi l l be so subj ect ed or di sposed of , shal l be puni shed wi t h i mpr i sonment of ei t her descr i pt i on f or a t er mwhi ch may ext end t o t en year s, and shal l al so be l i abl e t o f i ne.
368.
Wr ongf ul l y conceal i ng or keepi ng i n conf i nement , ki dnapped or abduct ed per son.
368. Wr ongf ul l y conceal i ng or keepi ng i n conf i nement , ki dnapped or abduct ed per son. - - Whoever , knowi ng t hat any per son has been ki dnapped or has been abduct ed, wr ongf ul l y conceal s or conf i nes such per son, shal l be puni shed i n t he same manner as i f he had ki dnapped or abduct ed such per son wi t h t he same i nt ent i on or knowl edge, or f or t he same pur pose as t hat wi t h or f or whi ch he conceal s or det ai ns such per son i n conf i nement .
369.
Ki dnappi ng or abduct i ng chi l d under t en year s wi t h i nt ent t o st eal f r omi t s per son.
369. Ki dnappi ng or abduct i ng chi l d under t en year s wi t h i nt ent t o st eal f r omi t s per son. - - Whoever ki dnaps or abduct s any chi l d under t he age of t en year s wi t h t he i nt ent i on of t aki ng di shonest l y any movabl e pr oper t y f r omt he per son of such chi l d, shal l be puni shed wi t h i mpr i sonment of ei t her descr i pt i on f or a t er mwhi ch may ext end t o seven year s, and shal l al so be l i abl e t o f i ne.
370.
Buyi ng or di sposi ng of any per son as a sl ave.
370. Buyi ng or di sposi ng of any per son as a sl ave. - - Whoever i mpor t s, expor t s, r emoves, buys, sel l s or di sposes of any per son as a sl ave, or accept s, r ecei ves or det ai ns agai nst hi s wi l l any per son as a sl ave, shal l be puni shed wi t h i mpr i sonment of ei t her descr i pt i on f or a t er mwhi ch may ext end t o seven year s, and shal l al so be l i abl e t o f i ne.
371.
Habi t ual deal i ng i n sl aves.
371. Habi t ual deal i ng i n sl aves. - - Whoever habi t ual l y i mpor t s, expor t s, r emoves, buys, sel l s t r af f i cs or deal s i n sl aves, shal l be puni shed wi t h 1*[ i mpr i sonment f or l i f e] , or wi t h i mpr i sonment of ei t her descr i pt i on f or a t er mnot exceedi ng t en year s, and shal l al so be l i abl e t o f i ne.
372.
Sel l i ng mi nor f or pur poses of pr ost i t ut i on, et c.
372. Sel l i ng mi nor f or pur poses of pr ost i t ut i on, et c. - - Whoever sel l s, l et s t o hi r e, or ot her wi se di sposes of any 2*[ per son under t he age of ei ght een year s wi t h i nt ent t hat such per son shal l at any age be empl oyed or used f or t he pur pose of pr ost i t ut i on or i l l i ci t i nt er cour se wi t h any per son or f or any unl awf ul and i mmor al pur pose, or knowi ng i t t o be l i kel y t hat such per son wi l l at any age be] empl oyed or used f or any such pur pose, shal l be puni shed wi t h i mpr i sonment of ei t her descr i pt i on f or a t er mwhi ch may ext end t o t en year s, and shal l al so be l i abl e t o f i ne.
3*[ Expl anat i on I . - When a f emal e under t he age of ei ght een year s i s sol d, l et f or hi r e, or ot her wi se di sposed of t o a pr ost i t ut e or t o any per son who keeps or manages a br ot hel , t he per son so di sposi ng of such f emal e shal l , unt i l t he cont r ar y i s pr oved, be pr esumed t o have di sposed of her wi t h t he i nt ent t hat she shal l be used f or t he pur pose of pr ost i t ut i on.
Expl anat i on I I . - For t he pur poses of t hi s sect i on " i l l i ci t i nt er cour se" means sexual i nt er cour se bet ween per sons not uni t ed by mar r i age, or by any uni on or t i e whi ch t hough not amount i ng t o a mar r i age, i s r ecogni sed by t he per sonal l aw or cust omof t he communi t y t o whi ch t hey bel ong or , wher e t hey bel ong t o di f f er ent communi t i es, of bot h such communi t i es, as const i t ut i ng bet ween t hema quasi - mar i t al r el at i on. ]
373.
Buyi ng mi nor f or pur poses of pr ost i t ut i on, et c.
373. Buyi ng mi nor f or pur poses of pr ost i t ut i on, et c. - - Whoever buys, hi r es or ot her wi se obt ai ns possessi on of any 2*[ per son under t he age of ei ght een year s wi t h i nt ent t hat such per son shal l at - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1. Subs. by Act 26 of 1955, s. 117 and Sch. , f or " t r anspor t at i on f or l i f e" . 2. Subs. by Act 18 of 1924, s. 2, f or " mi nor under t he age of ei ght een year s wi t h i nt ent t hat such mi nor shal l be empl oyed or used f or t he pur pose of pr ost i t ut i on or f or any unl awf ul and i mmor al pur pose, or knowi ng i t t o be l i kel y t hat such mi nor wi l l be" . 3. I ns. by s. 3, i bi d,
184
any age be empl oyed or used f or t he pur pose of pr ost i t ut i on or i l l i ci t i nt er cour se wi t h any per son or f or any unl awf ul and i mmor al pur pose, or knowi ng i t t o be l i kel y t hat such per son wi l l at any age be] empl oyed or used f or any such pur pose, shal l be puni shed wi t h i mpr i sonment of ei t her descr i pt i on f or a t er mwhi ch may ext end t o t en year s, and shal l al so be l i abl e t o f i ne.
1*[ Expl anat i on I . - Any pr ost i t ut e or any per son keepi ng or managi ng a br ot hel , who buys, hi r es or ot her wi se obt ai ns possessi on of a f emal e under t he age of ei ght een year s shal l , unt i l t he cont r ar y i s pr oved, be pr esumed t o have obt ai ned possessi on of such f emal e wi t h t he i nt ent t hat she shal l be used f or t he pur pose of pr ost i t ut i on.
Expl anat i on I I . - " I l l i ci t i nt er cour se" has t he same meani ng as i n sect i on 372. ]
374.
Unl awf ul compul sor y l abour .
374. Unl awf ul compul sor y l abour . - - Whoever unl awf ul l y compel s any per son t o l abour agai nst t he wi l l of t hat per son, shal l be puni shed wi t h i mpr i sonment of ei t her descr i pt i on f or a t er mwhi ch may ext end t o one year , or wi t h f i ne, or wi t h bot h.
2*[ Sexual of f ences
375.
Rape.
375. Rape. - - A man i s sai d t o commi t " r ape" who, except i n t he case her ei naf t er except ed, has sexual i nt er cour se wi t h a woman under ci r cumst ances f al l i ng under any of t he si x f ol l owi ng descr i pt i ons: -
Fi r st . - Agai nst her wi l l .
Secondl y. - Wi t hout her consent .
Thi r dl y. - Wi t h her consent , when her consent has been obt ai ned by put t i ng her or any per son i n whom she i s i nt er est ed i n f ear of deat h or of hur t .
Four t hl y. - Wi t h her consent , when t he man knows t hat he i s not her husband, and t hat her consent i s gi ven because she bel i eves t hat he i s anot her man t o whom she i s or bel i eves her sel f t o be l awf ul l y mar r i ed.
Fi f t hl y. - Wi t h her consent , when, at t he t i me of gi vi ng such consent , by r eason of unsoundness of mi nd or i nt oxi cat i on or t he admi ni st r at i on by hi mper sonal l y or t hr ough anot her of any st upef yi ng or unwhol esome subst ance, she i s unabl e t o under st and t he nat ur e and consequences of t hat t o whi ch she gi ves consent .
Si xt hl y. - Wi t h or wi t hout her consent , when she i s under si xt een year s of age.
Expl anat i on. - Penet r at i on i s suf f i ci ent t o const i t ut e t he sexual i nt er cour se necessar y t o t he of f ence of r ape.
Except i on. - Sexual i nt er cour se by a man wi t h hi s own wi f e, t he wi f e not bei ng under f i f t een year s of age, i s not r ape.
376.
Puni shment f or r ape.
376. Puni shment f or r ape. - - ( 1) Whoever , except i n t he cases pr ovi ded f or by sub- sect i on ( 2) , commi t s r ape shal l be puni shed wi t h i mpr i sonment of ei t her descr i pt i on f or a t er mwhi ch shal l not be l ess t han seven year s but whi ch may be f or l i f e or f or a t er m whi ch may ext end t o t en year s and shal l al so be l i abl e t o f i ne unl ess t he woman r aped i s hi s own wi f e and i s not under t wel ve year s of age, i n whi ch case, he shal l be puni shed wi t h i mpr i sonment of ei t her descr i pt i on f or a t er mwhi ch may ext end t o t wo year s or wi t h f i ne or wi t h bot h: - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1. I ns. by Act 18 of 1924, s. 4. 2. Subs. by Act 43 of 1983, s. 3 f or t he headi ng " Of r ape" and ss. 375 and 376. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
185
Pr ovi ded t hat t he cour t may, f or adequat e and speci al r easons t o be ment i oned i n t he j udgment , i mpose a sent ence of i mpr i sonment f or a t er mof l ess t han seven year s.
( 2) Whoever , -
( a) bei ng a pol i ce of f i cer commi t s r ape-
( i ) wi t hi n t he l i mi t s of t he pol i ce st at i on t o whi ch he i s appoi nt ed; or
( i i ) i n t he pr emi ses of any st at i on house whet her or not si t uat ed i n t he pol i ce st at i on t o whi ch he i s appoi nt ed; or
( i i i ) on a woman i n hi s cust ody or i n t he cust ody of a pol i ce of f i cer subor di nat e t o hi m; or
( b) bei ng a publ i c ser vant , t akes advant age of hi s of f i ci al posi t i on and commi t s r ape on a woman i n hi s cust ody as such publ i c ser vant or i n t he cust ody of a publ i c ser vant subor di nat e t o hi m; or
( c) bei ng on t he management or on t he st af f of a j ai l , r emand home or ot her pl ace of cust ody est abl i shed by or under any l aw f or t he t i me bei ng i n f or ce or of a women' s or chi l dr en' s i nst i t ut i on t akes advant age of hi s of f i ci al posi t i on and commi t s r ape on any i nmat e of such j ai l , r emand home, pl ace or i nst i t ut i on; or
( d) bei ng on t he management or on t he st af f of a hospi t al , t akes advant age of hi s of f i ci al posi t i on and commi t s r ape on a woman i n t hat hospi t al ; or
( e) commi t s r ape on a woman knowi ng her t o be pr egnant ; or
( f ) commi t s r ape on a woman when she i s under t wel ve year s of age; or
( g) commi t s gang r ape,
shal l be puni shed wi t h r i gor ous i mpr i sonment f or a t er mwhi ch shal l not be l ess t han t en year s but whi ch may be f or l i f e and shal l al so be l i abl e t o f i ne:
Pr ovi ded t hat t he cour t may, f or adequat e and speci al r easons t o be ment i oned i n t he j udgment , i mpose a sent ence of i mpr i sonment of ei t her descr i pt i on f or a t er mof l ess t han t en year s.
Expl anat i on 1. - Wher e a women' s i s r aped by one or mor e i n a gr oup of per sons act i ng i n f ur t her ance of t hei r common i nt ent i on, each of t he per sons shal l be deemed t o have commi t t ed gang r ape wi t hi n t he meani ng of t hi s sub- sect i on.
Expl anat i on 2. - " women' s or chi l dr en' s i nst i t ut i on" means an i nst i t ut i on, whet her cal l ed and or phanage or a home f or negl ect ed women or chi l dr en or a wi dows' home or by any ot her name, whi ch i s est abl i shed and mai nt ai ned f or t he r ecept i on and car e of women or chi l dr en.
Expl anat i on 3. - " hospi t al " means t he pr eci nct s of t he hospi t al and i ncl udes t he pr eci nct s of any i nst i t ut i on f or t he r ecept i on and t r eat ment of per sons dur i ng conval escence or of per sons r equi r i ng medi cal at t ent i on or r ehabi l i t at i on.
376A.
I nt er cour se by a man wi t h hi s wi f e dur i ng separ at i on.
376A. I nt er cour se by a man wi t h hi s wi f e dur i ng separ at i on. - - Whoever has sexual i nt er cour se wi t h hi s own wi f e, who i s l i vi ng separ at el y f r om hi munder a decr ee of separ at i on or under any cust om or usage wi t hout her consent shal l be puni shed wi t h i mpr i sonment of ei t her descr i pt i on f or a t er mwhi ch may ext end t o t wo year s and shal l al so be l i abl e t o f i ne.
186
376B.
I nt er cour se by publ i c ser vant wi t h woman i n hi s cust ody.
376B. I nt er cour se by publ i c ser vant wi t h woman i n hi s cust ody. - - Whoever , bei ng a publ i c ser vant , t akes advant age of hi s of f i ci al posi t i on and i nduces or seduces, any woman, who i s i n hi s cust ody as such publ i c ser vant or i n t he cust ody of a publ i c ser vant subor di nat e t o hi m, t o have sexual i nt er cour se wi t h hi m, such sexual i nt er cour se not amount i ng t o t he of f ence of r ape, shal l be puni shed wi t h i mpr i sonment of ei t her descr i pt i on f or a t er mwhi ch may ext end t o f i ve year s and shal l al so be l i abl e t o f i ne.
376C.
I nt er cour se by super i nt endent of j ai l , r emand home, et c.
376C. I nt er cour se by super i nt endent of j ai l , r emand home, et c. - - Whoever , bei ng t he super i nt endent or manager of a j ai l , r emand home or ot her pl ace of cust ody est abl i shed by or under any l aw f or t he t i me bei ng i n f or ce or of a women' s or chi l dr en' s i nst i t ut i on t akes advant age of hi s of f i ci al posi t i on and i nduces or seduces any f emal e i nmat e of such j ai l , r emand home, pl ace or i nst i t ut i on t o have sexual i nt er cour se wi t h hi m, such sexual i nt er cour se not amount i ng t o t he of f ence of r ape, shal l be puni shed wi t h i mpr i sonment of ei t her descr i pt i on f or a t er m whi ch may ext end t o f i ve year s and shal l al so be l i abl e t o f i ne.
Expl anat i on 1. - " Super i nt endent " i n r el at i on t o a j ai l , r emand home or ot her pl ace of cust ody or a women' s or chi l dr en' s i nst i t ut i on, i ncl udes a per son hol di ng any ot her of f i ce i n such j ai l , r emand home, pl ace or i nst i t ut i on by vi r t ue of whi ch he can exer ci se any aut hor i t y or cont r ol over i t s i nmat es.
Expl anat i on 2. - The expr essi on " women' s or chi l dr en' s i nst i t ut i on" shal l have t he same meani ng as i n Expl anat i on 2 t o sub- sect i on ( 2) of sect i on 376.
376D.
I nt er cour se by any member of t he management or st af f of a hospi t al wi t h any woman i n t hat hospi t al .
376D. I nt er cour se by any member of t he management or st af f of a hospi t al wi t h any woman i n t hat hospi t al . - - Whoever , bei ng on t he management of a hospi t al or bei ng on t he st af f of a hospi t al t akes advant age of hi s posi t i on and has sexual i nt er cour se wi t h any woman i n t hat hospi t al , such sexual i nt er cour se not amount i ng t o t he of f ence of r ape, shal l be puni shed wi t h i mpr i sonment of ei t her descr i pt i on f or a t er mwhi ch may ext end t o f i ve year s and shal l al so be l i abl e t o f i ne.
Expl anat i on. - The expr essi on " hospi t al " shal l have t he same meani ng as i n Expl anat i on 3 t o sub- sect i on ( 2) of sect i on 376. ]
Of unnat ur al of f ences
377.
Unnat ur al of f ences.
377. Unnat ur al of f ences. - - Whoever vol unt ar i l y has car nal i nt er cour se agai nst t he or der of nat ur e wi t h any man, woman or ani mal , shal l be puni shed wi t h 1*[ i mpr i sonment f or l i f e] , or wi t h i mpr i sonment of ei t her descr i pt i on f or a t er mwhi ch may ext end t o t en year s, and shal l al so be l i abl e t o f i ne.
Expl anat i on. - Penet r at i on i s suf f i ci ent t o const i t ut e t he car nal i nt er cour se necessar y t o t he of f ence descr i bed i n t hi s sect i on.
CHAPTER XVI I
OF OFFENCES AGAI NST PROPERTY
CHAPTER XVI I
OF OFFENCES AGAI NST PROPERTY
Of t hef t
378.
Thef t .
378. Thef t . - - Whoever , i nt endi ng t o t ake di shonest l y any movabl e pr oper t y out of t he possessi on of any per son wi t hout t hat per son' s consent , moves t hat pr oper t y i n or der t o such t aki ng, i s sai d t o commi t t hef t .
Expl anat i on 1. - A t hi ng so l ong as i t i s at t ached t o t he ear t h, not bei ng movabl e pr oper t y, i s not t he subj ect of t hef t ; but i t becomes capabl e of bei ng t he subj ect of t hef t as soon as i t i s sever ed f r omt he ear t h. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1. Subs, by Act 26 of 1955, s. 117 and Sch. , f or " t r anspor t at i on f or l i f e " . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
187
Expl anat i on 2. - A movi ng ef f ect ed by t he same act whi ch ef f ect s t he sever ance may be a t hef t .
Expl anat i on 3. - A per son i s sai d t o cause a t hi ng t o move by r emovi ng an obst acl e whi ch pr event ed i t f r ommovi ng or by separ at i ng i t f r omany ot her t hi ng, as wel l as by act ual l y movi ng i t .
Expl anat i on 4. - A per son, who by any means causes an ani mal t o move, i s sai d t o move t hat ani mal , and t o move ever yt hi ng whi ch, i n consequence of t he mot i on so caused, i s moved by t hat ani mal .
Expl anat i on 5. - The consent ment i oned i n t he def i ni t i on may be expr ess or i mpl i ed, and may be gi ven ei t her by t he per son i n possessi on, or by any per son havi ng f or t hat pur pose aut hor i t y ei t her expr ess or i mpl i ed.
I l l ust r at i ons
( a) A cut s down a t r ee on Z' s gr ound, wi t h t he i nt ent i on of di shonest l y t aki ng t he t r ee out of Z' s possessi on wi t hout Z' s consent . Her e, as soon as A has sever ed t he t r ee i n or der t o such t aki ng, he has commi t t ed t hef t .
( b) A put s a bai t f or dogs i n hi s pocket , and t hus i nduces Z' s dog t o f ol l ow i t . Her e, i f A' s i nt ent i on be di shonest l y t o t ake t he dog out of Z' s possessi on wi t hout Z' s consent , A has commi t t ed t hef t as soon as Z' s dog has begun t o f ol l ow A.
( c) A meet s a bul l ock car r yi ng a box of t r easur e. He dr i ves t he bul l ock i n a cer t ai n di r ect i on, i n or der t hat he may di shonest l y t ake t he t r easur e. As soon as t he bul l ock begi ns t o move, A has commi t t ed t hef t of t he t r easur e.
( d) A bei ng Z' s ser vant , and ent r ust ed by Z wi t h t he car e of Z' s pl at e, di shonest l y r uns away wi t h t he pl at e, wi t hout Z' s consent . A has commi t t ed t hef t .
( e) Z, goi ng on a j our ney, ent r ust s hi s pl at e t o A, t he keeper of a war ehouse, t i l l Z shal l r et ur n. A car r i es t he pl at e t o a gol dsmi t h and sel l s i t . Her e t he pl at e was not i n Z' s possessi on. I t coul d not t her ef or e be t aken out of Z' s possessi on, and A has not commi t t ed t hef t , t hough he may have commi t t ed cr i mi nal br each of t r ust .
( f ) A f i nds a r i ng bel ongi ng t o Z on a t abl e i n t he house whi ch Z occupi es. Her e t he r i ng i s i n Z' s possessi on, and i f A di shonest l y r emoves i t , A commi t s t hef t .
( g) A f i nds a r i ng l yi ng on t he hi gh- r oad, not i n t he possessi on of any per son. A, by t aki ng i t , commi t s no t hef t , t hough he may commi t cr i mi nal mi sappr opr i at i on of pr oper t y.
( h) A sees a r i ng bel ongi ng t o Z l yi ng on a t abl e i n Z' s house. Not vent ur i ng t o mi sappr opr i at e t he r i ng i mmedi at el y f or f ear of sear ch and det ect i on, A hi des t he r i ng i n a pl ace wher e i t i s hi ghl y i mpr obabl e t hat i t wi l l ever be f ound by Z, wi t h t he i nt ent i on of t aki ng t he r i ng f r omt he hi di ng pl ace and sel l i ng i t when t he l oss i s f or got t en. Her e A, at t he t i me of f i r st movi ng t he r i ng, commi t s t hef t .
( i ) A del i ver s hi s wat ch t o Z, a j ewel l er , t o be r egul at ed. Z car r i es i t t o hi s shop. A, not owi ng t o t he j ewel l er any debt f or whi ch t he j ewel l er mi ght l awf ul l y det ai n t he wat ch as a secur i t y, ent er s t he shop openl y, t akes hi s wat ch by f or ce out of Z' s hand, and car r i es i t away. Her e A, t hough he may have commi t t ed cr i mi nal t r espass and assaul t , has not commi t t ed t hef t , i nasmuch as what he di d was not done di shonest l y.
188
( j ) I f A owes money t o Z f or r epai r i ng t he wat ch, and i f Z r et ai ns t he wat ch l awf ul l y as a secur i t y f or t he debt , and A t akes t he wat ch out of Z' s possessi on, wi t h t he i nt ent i on of depr i vi ng Z of t he pr oper t y as a secur i t y f or hi s debt , he commi t s t hef t , i nasmuch as he t akes i t di shonest l y.
( k) Agai n, i f A, havi ng pawned hi s wat ch t o Z, t akes i t out of Z' s possessi on wi t hout Z' s consent , not havi ng pai d what he bor r owed on t he wat ch, he commi t s t hef t , t hough t he wat ch i s hi s own pr oper t y i nasmuch as he t akes i t di shonest l y.
( l ) A t akes an ar t i cl e bel ongi ng t o Z out of Z' s possessi on wi t hout Z' s consent , wi t h t he i nt ent i on of keepi ng i t unt i l he obt ai ns money f r om Z as a r ewar d f or i t s r est or at i on. Her e A t akes di shonest l y; A has t her ef or commi t t ed t hef t .
( m) A, bei ng on f r i endl y t er ms wi t h Z, goes i nt o Z' s l i br ar y i n Z' s absence, and t akes away a book wi t hout Z' s expr ess consent f or t he pur pose mer el y of r eadi ng i t , and wi t h t he i nt ent i on of r et ur ni ng i t . Her e, i t i s pr obabl e t hat A may have concei ved t hat he had Z' s i mpl i ed consent t o use Z' s book. I f t hi s was A' s i mpr essi on, A has not commi t t ed t hef t .
( n) A asks char i t y f r omZ' s wi f e. She gi ves A money, f ood and cl ot hes, whi ch A knows t o bel ong t o Z her husband. Her e i t i s pr obabl e t hat A may concei ve t hat Z' s wi f e i s aut hor i zed t o gi ve away al ms. I f t hi s was A' s i mpr essi on, A has not commi t t ed t hef t .
( o) A i s t he par amour of Z' s wi f e. She gi ves a val uabl e pr oper t y, whi ch A knows t o bel ong t o her husband Z, and t o be such pr oper t y as she has not aut hor i t y f r omZ t o gi ve. I f A t akes t he pr oper t y di shonest l y, he commi t s t hef t .
( p) A, i n good f ai t h, bel i evi ng pr oper t y bel ongi ng t o Z t o be A' s own pr oper t y, t akes t hat pr oper t y out of B' s possessi on. Her e, as A does not t ake di shonest l y, he does not commi t t hef t .
379.
Puni shment f or t hef t .
379. Puni shment f or t hef t . - - Whoever commi t s t hef t shal l be puni shed wi t h i mpr i sonment of ei t her descr i pt i on f or a t er mwhi ch may ext end t o t hr ee year s, or wi t h f i ne, or wi t h bot h.
380.
Thef t i n dwel l i ng house, et c.
380. Thef t i n dwel l i ng house, et c. - - Whoever commi t s t hef t i n any bui l di ng, t ent or vessel , whi ch bui l di ng, t ent or vessel i s used as a human dwel l i ng, or used f or t he cust ody of pr oper t y, shal l be puni shed wi t h i mpr i sonment of ei t her descr i pt i on f or a t er mwhi ch may ext end t o seven year s, and shal l al so be l i abl e t o f i ne.
381.
Thef t by cl er k or ser vant of pr oper t y i n possessi on of mast er .
381. Thef t by cl er k or ser vant of pr oper t y i n possessi on of mast er . - - Whoever , bei ng a cl er k or ser vant , or bei ng empl oyed i n t he capaci t y of a cl er k or ser vant , commi t s t hef t i n r espect of any pr oper t y i n t he possessi on of hi s mast er or empl oyer , shal l be puni shed wi t h i mpr i sonment of ei t her descr i pt i on f or a t er mwhi ch may ext end t o seven year s, and shal l al so be l i abl e t o f i ne.
382.
Thef t af t er pr epar at i on made f or causi ng deat h, hur t or r est r ai nt i n or der t o t he commi t t i ng of t he t hef t .
382. Thef t af t er pr epar at i on made f or causi ng deat h, hur t or r est r ai nt i n or der t o t he commi t t i ng of t he t hef t . - - Whoever commi t s t hef t , havi ng made pr epar at i on f or causi ng deat h, or hur t , or r est r ai nt , or f ear of deat h, or of hur t , or of r est r ai nt , t o any per son, i n or der t o t he commi t t i ng of such t hef t , or i n or der t o t he ef f ect i ng of hi s escape af t er t he commi t t i ng of such t hef t or i n or der t o t he r et ai ni ng of pr oper t y t aken by such t hef t , shal l be puni shed wi t h r i gor ous i mpr i sonment f or a t er mwhi ch may ext end t o t en year s, and shal l al so be l i abl e t o f i ne.
I l l ust r at i ons
( a) A commi t s t hef t on pr oper t y i n Z' s possessi on; and, whi l e commi t t i ng t hi s t hef t , he has a l oaded pi st ol under hi s gar ment , havi ng pr ovi ded t hi s pi st ol f or t he pur pose of hur t i ng Z i n case Z shoul d r esi st . A has commi t t ed t he of f ence def i ned i n t hi s sect i on.
189
( b) A pi cks Z' s pocket , havi ng post ed sever al of hi s compani ons near hi m, i n or der t hat t hey may r est r ai n Z, i f Z shoul d per cei ve what i s passi ng and shoul d r esi st , or shoul d at t empt t o appr ehend A. A has commi t t ed t he of f ence def i ned i n t hi s sect i on.
Of ext or t i on
383.
Ext or t i on.
383. Ext or t i on. - - Whoever i nt ent i onal l y put s any per son i n f ear of any i nj ur y t o t hat per son, or t o any ot her , and t her eby di shonest l y i nduces t he per son so put i n f ear t o del i ver t o any per son any pr oper t y, or val uabl e secur i t y or anyt hi ng si gned or seal ed whi ch may be conver t ed i nt o a val uabl e secur i t y, commi t s " ext or t i on" .
I l l ust r at i ons
( a) A t hr eat ens t o publ i sh a def amat or y l i bel concer ni ng Z unl ess Z gi ves hi mmoney. He t hus i nduces Z t o gi ve hi m money. A has commi t t ed ext or t i on.
( b) A t hr eat ens Z t hat he wi l l keep Z' s chi l d i n wor ngf ul conf i nement , unl ess Z wi l l si gn and del i ver t o A a pr omi ssor y not e bi ndi ng Z t o pay cer t ai n moni es t o A t o Z si ngs and del i ver s t he not e. A has commi t t ed ext or t i on.
( c) A t hr eat ens t o send cl ub- men t o pl ough up Z' s f i el d unl ess Z wi l l si gn and del i ver t o B a bond bi ndi ng Z under a penal t y t o del i ver cer t ai n pr oduce t o B, and t her eby i nduces Z t o si gn and del i ver t he bond. A has commi t t ed ext or t i on.
( d) A, by put t i ng Z i n f ear of gr i evous hur t , di shonest l y i nduces Z t o si gn or af f i x hi s seal t o a bl ank paper and del i ver i t t o A. Z si ngs and del i ver s t he paper t o A. Her e, as t he paper so si gned may be conver t ed i nt o a val uabl e secur i t y A has commi t t ed ext or t i on.
384.
Puni shment f or ext or t i on.
384. Puni shment f or ext or t i on. - - Whoever commi t s ext or t i on shal l be puni shed wi t h i mpr i sonment of ei t her descr i pt i on f or a t er mwhi ch may ext end t o t hr ee year s, or wi t h f i ne, or wi t h bot h.
385.
Put t i ng per son i n f ear of i nj ur y i n or der t o commi t ext or t i on.
385. Put t i ng per son i n f ear of i nj ur y i n or der t o commi t ext or t i on. - - Whoever , i n or der t o t he commi t t i ng of ext or t i on, put s any per son i n f ear , or at t empt s t o put any per son i n f ear , of any i nj ur y, shal l be puni shed wi t h i mpr i sonment of ei t her descr i pt i on f or a t er m whi ch may ext end t o t wo year s, or wi t h f i ne, or wi t h bot h.
386.
Ext or t i on by put t i ng a per son i n f ear of deat h or gr i evous hur t .
386. Ext or t i on by put t i ng a per son i n f ear of deat h or gr i evous hur t . - - Whoever commi t s ext or t i on by put t i ng any per son i n f ear of deat h or of gr i evous hur t t o t hat per son or t o any ot her , shal l be puni shed wi t h i mpr i sonment of ei t her descr i pt i on f or a t er mwhi ch may ext end t o t en year s, and shal l al so be l i abl e t o f i ne.
387.
Put t i ng per son i n f ear of deat h or of gr i evous hur t , i n or der t o commi t ext or t i on.
387. Put t i ng per son i n f ear of deat h or of gr i evous hur t , i n or der t o commi t ext or t i on. - - Whoever i n or der t o t he commi t t i ng of ext or t i on, put s or at t empt s t o put any per son i n f ear of deat h or of gr i evous hur t t o t hat per son or t o any ot her , shal l be puni shed wi t h i mpr i sonment of ei t her descr i pt i on f or a t er mwhi ch may ext end t o seven year s, and shal l al so be l i abl e t o f i ne.
388.
Ext or t i on by t hr eat of accusat i on of an of f ence puni shabl e wi t h deat h or i mpr i sonment f or l i f e, et c.
388. Ext or t i on by t hr eat of accusat i on of an of f ence puni shabl e wi t h deat h or i mpr i sonment f or l i f e, et c. - - Whoever commi t s ext or t i on by put t i ng any per son i n f ear of an accusat i on agai nst t hat per son or any ot her , of havi ng commi t t ed or at t empt ed t o commi t any of f ence puni shabl e wi t h deat h, or wi t h 1*[ i mpr i sonment f or l i f e] , or wi t h i mpr i sonment f or a t er m whi ch may ext end t o t en year s, or of havi ng at t empt ed t o i nduce any ot her per son t o commi t such of f ence, shal l - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1. Subs. by Act 26 of 1955, s. 117 and Sch. , f or " t r anspor t at i on f or l i f e" . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
190
shal l be puni shed wi t h i mpr i sonment of ei t her descr i pt i on f or a t er m whi ch may ext end t o t en year s, and shal l al so be l i abl e t o f i ne; and, i f t he of f ence be one puni shabl e under sect i on 377 of t hi s Code, may be puni shed wi t h 1*[ i mpr i sonment f or l i f e] .
389.
Put t i ng per son i n f ear or accusat i on of of f ence, i n or der t o commi t ext or t i on.
389. Put t i ng per son i n f ear or accusat i on of of f ence, i n or der t o commi t ext or t i on. - - Whoever , i n or der t o t he commi t t i ng of ext or t i on, put s or at t empt s t o put any per son i n f ear of an accusat i on, agai nst t hat per son or any ot her , of havi ng commi t t ed, or at t empt ed t o commi t , an of f ence puni shabl e wi t h deat h or wi t h 1*[ i mpr i sonment f or l i f e] , or wi t h i mpr i sonment f or a t er mwhi ch may ext end t o t en year s, shal l be puni shed wi t h i mpr i sonment of ei t her descr i pt i on f or a t er mwhi ch may ext end t o t en year s, and shal l al so be l i abl e t o f i ne; and, i f t he of f ence be puni shabl e under sect i on 377 of t hi s Code, may be puni shed wi t h 1*[ i mpr i sonment f or l i f e] .
Of r obber y and dacoi t y
390.
Robber y.
390. Robber y. - - I n al l r obber y t her e i s ei t her t hef t or ext or t i on.
When t hef t i s r obber y.
When t hef t i s r obber y. - - Thef t i s " r obber y" i f , i n or der t o t he commi t t i ng of t he t hef t , or i n commi t t i ng t he t hef t , or i n car r yi ng away or at t empt i ng t o car r y away pr oper t y obt ai ned by t he t hef t , t he of f ender , f or t hat end, vol unt ar i l y causes or at t empt s t o cause t o any per son deat h or hur t or wr ongf ul r est r ai nt , or f ear of i nst ant deat h or of i nst ant hur t , or of i nst ant wr ongf ul r est r ai nt .
When ext or t i on i s r obber y.
When ext or t i on i s r obber y. - - Ext or t i on i s " r obber y" i f t he of f ender , at t he t i me of commi t t i ng t he ext or t i on, i s i n t he pr esence of t he per son put i n f ear , and commi t s t he ext or t i on by put t i ng t hat per son i n f ear of i nst ant deat h, of i nst ant hur t , or of i nst ant wr ongf ul r est r ai nt t o t hat per son or t o some ot her per son, and, by so put t i ng i n f ear , i nduces t he per son, so put i n f ear t hen and t her e t o del i ver up t he t hi ng ext or t ed.
Expl anat i on. - The of f ender i s sai d t o be pr esent i f he i s suf f i ci ent l y near t o put t he ot her per son i n f ear of i nst ant deat h, of i nst ant hur t , or of i nst ant wr ongf ul r est r ai nt .
I l l ust r at i ons
( a) A hol ds Z down, and f r audul ent l y t akes Z' s money and j ewel s f r omZ' s cl ot hes, wi t hout Z' s consent . Her e A has commi t t ed t hef t , and, i n or der t o t he commi t t i ng of t hat t hef t , has vol unt ar i l y caused wr ongf ul r est r ai nt t o Z. A has t her ef or e commi t t ed r obber y.
( b) A meet s Z on t he hi gh r oad, shows a pi st ol , and demands Z' s pur se. Z, i n consequence, sur r ender s hi s pur se. Her e A has ext or t ed t he pur se f r omZ by put t i ng hi mi n f ear of i nst ant hur t , and bei ng at t he t i me of commi t t i ng t he ext or t i on i n hi s pr esence. A has t her ef or e commi t t ed r obber y.
( c) A meet s Z and Z' s chi l d on t he hi gh r oad. A t akes t he chi l d, and t hr eat ens t o f i l i ng i t down a pr eci pi ce, unl ess Z del i ver s hi s pur se. Z, i n consequence, del i ver s hi s pur se. Her e A has ext or t ed t he pur se f r om Z, by causi ng Z t o be i n f ear of i nst ant hur t t o t he chi l d who i s t her e pr esent . A has t her ef or e commi t t ed r obber y on Z.
( d) A obt ai ns pr oper t y f r omZ by sayi ng- " Your chi l d i s i n t he hands of my gang, and wi l l be put t o deat h unl ess you send us t en t housand r upees" . Thi s i s ext or t i on, and puni shabl e as such: but i t i s not r obber y, unl ess Z i s put i n f ear of t he i nst ant deat h of hi s chi l d.
391.
Dacoi t y.
391. Dacoi t y. - - When f i ve or mor e per sons conj oi nt l y commi t or at t empt t o commi t a r obber y, or wher e t he whol e number of per sons conj oi nt l y commi t t i ng or at t empt i ng t o commi t a r obber y, and per sons pr esent and ai di ng such commi ssi on or at t empt , amount t o f i ve or mor e, ever y per son so commi t t i ng, at t empt i ng or ai di ng, i s sai d t o commi t " dacoi t y" . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1. Subs, by Act 26 of 1955, s. 117 and Sch. , f or " t r anspor t at i on f or l i f e. " - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
191
392.
Puni shment f or r obber y.
392. Puni shment f or r obber y. - - Whoever commi t s r obber y shal l be puni shed wi t h r i gor ous i mpr i sonment f or a t er mwhi ch may ext end t o t en year s, and shal l al so be l i abl e t o f i ne; and, i f t he r obber y be commi t t ed on t he hi ghway bet ween sunset and sunr i se, t he i mpr i sonment may be ext ended t o f our t een year s.
393.
At t empt t o commi t r obber y.
393. At t empt t o commi t r obber y. - - Whoever at t empt s t o commi t r obber y shal l be puni shed wi t h r i gor ous i mpr i sonment f or a t er mwhi ch may ext end t o seven year s, and shal l al so be l i abl e t o f i ne.
394.
Vol unt ar i l y causi ng hur t i n commi t t i ng r obber y.
394. Vol unt ar i l y causi ng hur t i n commi t t i ng r obber y. - - I f any per son, i n commi t t i ng or i n at t empt i ng t o commi t r obber y, vol unt ar i l y causes hur t , such per son, and any ot her per son j oi nt l y concer ned i n commi t t i ng or at t empt i ng t o commi t such r obber y, shal l be puni shed wi t h 1*[ i mpr i sonment f or l i f e] , or wi t h r i gor ous i mpr i sonment f or a t er mwhi ch may ext end t o t en year s, and shal l al so be l i abl e t o f i ne.
395.
Puni shment f or dacoi t y.
395. Puni shment f or dacoi t y. - - Whoever commi t s dacoi t y shal l be puni shed wi t h 1*[ i mpr i sonment f or l i f e] , or wi t h r i gor ous i mpr i sonment f or a t er mwhi ch may ext end t o t en year s, and shal l al so be l i abl e t o f i ne.
396.
Dacoi t y wi t h mur der .
396. Dacoi t y wi t h mur der . - - I f any one of f i ve or mor e per sons, who ar e conj oi nt l y commi t t i ng dacoi t y, commi t s mur der i n so commi t t i ng dacoi t y, ever y one of t hose per sons shal l be puni shed wi t h deat h, or 1*[ i mpr i sonment f or l i f e] , or r i gor ous i mpr i sonment f or a t er mwhi ch may ext end t o t en year s, and shal l al so be l i abl e t o f i ne.
397.
Robber y or dacoi t y, wi t h at t empt t o cause deat h or gr i evous hur t .
397. Robber y or dacoi t y, wi t h at t empt t o cause deat h or gr i evous hur t . - - I f , at t he t i me of commi t t i ng r obber y or dacoi t y, t he of f ender uses any deadl y weapon, or causes gr i evous hur t t o any per son, so at t empt s t o cause deat h or gr i evous hur t t o any per son, t he i mpr i sonment wi t h whi ch such of f ender shal l be puni shed shal l not be l ess t han seven year s.
398.
At t empt t o commi t r obber y or dacoi t y when ar med wi t h deadl y weapon.
398. At t empt t o commi t r obber y or dacoi t y when ar med wi t h deadl y weapon. - - I f , at t he t i me of at t empt i ng t o commi t r obber y or dacoi t y, t he of f ender i s ar med wi t h any deadl y weapon, t he i mpr i sonment wi t h whi ch such of f ender shal l be puni shed shal l not be l ess t han seven year s.
399.
Maki ng pr epar at i on t o commi t dacoi t y.
399. Maki ng pr epar at i on t o commi t dacoi t y. - - Whoever makes any pr epar at i on f or commi t t i ng dacoi t y, shal l be puni shed wi t h r i gor ous i mpr i sonment f or a t er mwhi ch may ext end t o t en year s, and shal l al so be l i abl e t o f i ne.
400.
Puni shment f or bel ongi ng t o gang of dacoi t s.
400. Puni shment f or bel ongi ng t o gang of dacoi t s. - - Whoever , at any t i me af t er t he passi ng of t hi s Act , shal l bel ong t o a gang of per sons associ at ed f or t he pur pose of habi t ual l y commi t t i ng dacoi t y, shal l be puni shed wi t h 1*[ i mpr i sonment f or l i f e] , or wi t h r i gor ous i mpr i sonment f or a t er mwhi ch may ext end t o t en year s, and shal l al so be l i abl e t o f i ne.
401.
Puni shment f or bel ongi ng t o gang of t hi eves.
401. Puni shment f or bel ongi ng t o gang of t hi eves. - - Whoever , at any t i me af t er t he passi ng of t hi s Act , shal l bel ong t o any wander i ng or ot her gang of per sons associ at ed f or t he pur pose of habi t ual l y commi t t i ng t hef t or r obber y, and not bei ng a gang of t hugs or dacoi t s, shal l be puni shed wi t h r i gor ous i mpr i sonment f or a t er mwhi ch may ext end t o seven year s, and shal l al so be l i abl e t o f i ne.
402.
Assembl i ng f or pur pose of commi t t i ng dacoi t y.
402. Assembl i ng f or pur pose of commi t t i ng dacoi t y. - - Whoever , at any t i me af t er t he passi ng of t hi s Act , shal l be one of f i ve or mor e per sons assembl ed f or t he pur pose of commi t t i ng dacoi t y, shal l be puni shed wi t h r i gor ous i mpr i sonment f or a t er mwhi ch may ext end t o seven year s, and shal l al so be l i abl e t o f i ne.
Of cr i mi nal mi sappr opr i at i on of pr oper t y
403.
Di shonest mi sappr opr i at i on of pr oper t y.
403. Di shonest mi sappr opr i at i on of pr oper t y. - - Whoever di shonest l y mi sappr opr i at es or conver t s t o hi s own use any movabl e pr oper t y, shal l be puni shed wi t h i mpr i sonment of ei t her descr i pt i on f or a t er mwhi ch may ext end t o t wo year s, or wi t h f i ne, or wi t h bot h. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1. Subs. by Act 26 of 1955, s. 117 and Sch. , f or " t r anspor t at i on f or l i f e. " - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
192
I l l ust r at i ons
( a) A t akes pr oper t y bel ongi ng t o Z out of Z' s possessi on i n good f ai t h, bel i evi ng, at t he t i me when he t akes i t , t hat t he pr oper t y bel ongs t o hi msel f . A i s not gui l t y of t hef t ; but i f A, af t er di scover i ng hi s mi st ake, di shonest l y appr opr i at es t he pr oper t y t o hi s own use, he i s gui l t y of an of f ence under t hi s sect i on.
( b) A, bei ng on f r i endl y t er ms wi t h Z, goes i nt o Z' s l i br ar y i n Z' s absence and t akes away a book wi t hout Z' s expr ess consent . Her e, i f A was under t he i mpr essi on t hat he had Z' s i mpl i ed consent t o t ake t he book f or t he pur pose of r eadi ng i t , A has not commi t t ed t hef t . But , i f A af t er war ds sel l s t he book f or hi s own benef i t , he i s gui l t y of an of f ence under t hi s sect i on.
( c) A and B bei ng j oi nt owner s of a hor se, A t akes t he hor se out of B' s possessi on, i nt endi ng t o use i t . Her e as A has a r i ght t o use t he hor se, he does not di shonest l y mi sappr opr i at e i t . But , i f A sel l s t he hor se and appr opr i at es t he whol e pr oceeds t o hi s own use, he i s gui l t y of an of f ence under t hi s sect i on.
Expl anat i on 1. - A di shonest mi sappr opr i at i on f or a t i me onl y i s a mi sappr opr i at i on wi t h t he meani ng of t hi s sect i on.
I l l ust r at i on
A f i nds a Gover nment pr omi ssor y not e bel ongi ng t o Z, bear i ng a bl ank endor sement . A, knowi ng t hat t he not e bel ongs t o Z, pl edges i t wi t h a banker as a secur i t y or a l oan, i nt endi ng at a f ut ur e t i me t o r est or e i t t o Z. A has commi t t ed an of f ence under t hi s sect i on.
Expl anat i on 2. - A per son who f i nds pr oper t y not i n t he possessi on of any ot her per son, and such pr oper t y f or t he pur pose of pr ot ect i ng i t f or , or of r est or i ng i t t o, t he owner , does not t ake or mi sappr opr i at e i t di shonest l y, and i s not gui l t y of an of f ence; but he i s gui l t y of t he of f ence above def i ned, i f he appr opr i at es i t t o hi s own use, when he knows or has t he means of di scover i ng t he owner , or bef or e he has used r easonabl e means t o di scover and gi ve not i ce t o t he owner and has kept t he pr oper t y a r easonabl e t i me t o enabl e t he owner t o cl ai mi t .
What ar e r easonabl e means or what i s a r easonabl e t i me i n such a case, i s a quest i on of f act .
I t i s not necessar y t hat t he f i nder shoul d know who i s t he owner of t he pr oper t y, or t hat any par t i cul ar per son i s t he owner of i t : i t i s suf f i ci ent i f , at t he t i me of appr opr i at i ng i t , he does not bel i eve i t t o be hi s own pr oper t y, or i n good f ai t h bel i eve t hat t he r eal owner cannot be f ound.
I l l ust r at i ons
( a) A f i nds a r upee on t he hi gh- r oad, not knowi ng t o whomt he r upee bel ong, A pi cks up t he r upee. Her e A has not commi t t ed t he of f ence def i ned i n t hi s sect i on.
( b) A f i nds a l et t er on t he r oad, cont ai ni ng a bank not e. Fr om t he di r ect i on and cont ent s of t he l et t er he l ear ns t o whomt he not e bel ongs. He appr opr i at es t he not e. He i s gui l t y of an of f ence under t hi s sect i on.
( c) A f i nds a cheque payabl e t o bear er . He can f or mno conj ect ur e as t o t he per son who has l ost t he cheque. But t he name of t he per son, who has dr awn t he cheque, appear s. A knows t hat t hi s per son can di r ect hi mt o t he per son i n whose f avour t he cheque was dr awn. A appr opr i at es t he cheque wi t hout at t empt i ng t o di scover t he owner . He i s gui l t y of an of f ence under t hi s sect i on.
193
( d) A sees Z dr op hi s pur se wi t h money i n i t . A pi ck up t he pur se wi t h t he i nt ent i on of r est or i ng i t t o Z, bu af t er war ds appr opr i at es i t t o hi s own use. A has commi t t ed an of f ence under t hi s sect i on.
( e) A f i nds a pur se wi t h money, not knowi ng t o whomi t bel ongs; he af t er war ds di scover s t hat i t bel ongs t o Z, and appr opr i at es i t t o hi s own use. A i s gui l t y of an of f ence under t hi s sect i on.
( f ) A f i nds a val uabl e r i ng, not knowi ng t o whomi t bel ongs. A sel l s i t i mmedi at el y wi t hout at t empt i ng t o di scover t he owner . A i s gui l t y of an of f ence under t hi s sect i on.
404.
Di shonest mi sappr opr i at i on of pr oper t y possessed by deceased per son at t he t i me of hi s deat h.
404. Di shonest mi sappr opr i at i on of pr oper t y possessed by deceased per son at t he t i me of hi s deat h. - Whoever di shonest l y mi sappr opr i at es or conver t s t o hi s own use pr oper t y, knowi ng t hat such pr oper t y was i n t he possessi on of a deceased per son at t he t i me of t hat per son' s decease, and has not si nce been i n t he possessi on of any per son l egal l y ent i t l ed t o such possessi on, shal l be puni shed wi t h i mpr i sonment of ei t her descr i pt i on f or a t er mwhi ch may ext end t o t hr ee year s, and shal l al so be l i abl e t o f i ne, and i f t he of f ender at t he t i me of such per son' s decease was empl oyed by hi mas a cl er k or ser vant , t he i mpr i sonment may ext end t o seven year s.
I l l ust r at i on
Z di es i n possessi on of f ur ni t ur e and money. Hi s ser vant A, bef or e t he money comes i nt o t he possessi on of any per son ent i t l ed t o such possessi on, di shonest l y mi sappr opr i at es i t . A has commi t t ed t he of f ence def i ned i n t hi s sect i on.
Of cr i mi nal br each of t r ust
405.
Cr i mi nal br each of t r ust .
405. Cr i mi nal br each of t r ust . - - Whoever , bei ng i n any manner ent r ust ed wi t h pr oper t y, or wi t h any domi ni on over pr oper t y, di shonest l y mi sappr opr i at es or conver t s t o hi s own use t hat pr oper t y, or di shonest l y uses or di sposes of t hat pr oper t y i n vi ol at i on of any di r ect i on of l aw pr escr i bi ng t he mode i n whi ch such t r ust i s t o be di schar ged, or of any l egal cont r act , expr ess or i mpl i ed, whi ch he has made t ouchi ng t he di schar ge of such t r ust , or wi l f ul l y suf f er s any ot her per son so t o do, commi t s " cr i mi nal br each of t r ust " .
1*[ 2*[ Expl anat i on 1] . - A per son, bei ng an empl oyer 3*[ of an est abl i shment whet her exempt ed under sect i on 17 of t he Empl oyees' Pr ovi dent Funds and Mi scel l aneous Pr ovi si ons Act , 1952 ( 19 of 1952) or not ] who deduct s t he empl oyees' cont r i but i on f r omt he wages payabl e t o t he empl oyee f or cr edi t t o a Pr ovi dent Fund or Fami l y Pensi on Fund est abl i shed by any l aw f or t he t i me bei ng i n f or ce, shal l be deemed t o have been ent r ust ed wi t h t he amount of t he cont r i but i on so deduct ed by hi mand i f he makes def aul t i n t he payment of such cont r i but i on t o t he sai d Fund i n vi ol at i on of t he sai d l aw shal l be deemed t o have di shonest l y used t he amount of t he sai d cont r i but i on i n vi ol at i on of a di r ect i on of l aw as af or esai d. ]
4*[ Expl anat i on 2. - A per son, bei ng an empl oyer , who deduct s t he empl oyees cont r i but i on f r omt he wages payabl e t o t he empl oyee f or cr edi t t o t he Empl oyees' St at e I nsur ance Fund hel d and admi ni st er ed by t he Empl oyees' St at e I nsur ance Cor por at i on est abl i shed under t he Empl oyees' St at e I nsur ance Act , 1948 ( 34 of 1948) , shal l be deemed t o have been ent r ust ed wi t h t he amount of t he cont r i but i on so deduct ed by hi mand i f he makes def aul t i n t he payment of such cont r i but i on t o t he - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1. I ns. by Act 40 of 1973, s. 9 ( w. e. f . 1- 11- 1973) . 2. Expl anat i on r enumber ed as Expl anat i on 1 by Act 38 of 1975, s. 9 ( w. e. f . 1- 9- 1975) . 3. I ns. by Act 33 of 1988, s. 27 ( w. e. f . 1- 8- 1988) . 4. I ns. by Act 38 of 1975, s. 9 ( w. e. f . 1- 9- 1975) . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
194
sai d Fund i n vi ol at i on of t he sai d Act , shal l be deemed t o have di shonest l y used t he amount of t he sai d cont r i but i on i n vi ol at i on of a di r ect i on of l aw as af or esai d. ]
I l l ust r at i ons
( a) A, bei ng execut or t o t he wi l l of a deceased per son, di shonest l y di sobeys t he l aw whi ch di r ect s hi mt o di vi de t he ef f ect s accor di ng t o t he wi l l , and appr opr i at es t hemt o hi s own use. A has commi t t ed cr i mi nal br each of t r ust .
( b) A i s a war ehouse- keeper , Z, goi ng on a j our ney, ent r ust s hi s f ur ni t ur e t o A, under a cont r act t hat i t shal l be r et ur ned on payment of a st i pul at ed sumf or war ehouse- r oom. A di shonest l y sel l s t he goods. A has commi t t ed cr i mi nal br each of t r ust .
( c) A, r esi di ng i n Cal cut t a, i s agent f or Z, r esi di ng at Del hi . Ther e i s an expr ess or i mpl i ed cont r act bet ween A and Z, t hat al l sums r emi t t ed by Z t o A shal l be i nvest ed by A, accor di ng t o Z' s di r ect i on. Z r emi t s a l akh of r upees t o A, wi t h di r ect i ons t o A t o i nvest t he same i n Company' s paper . A di shonest l y di sobeys t he di r ect i ons and empl oys t he money i n hi s own busi ness. A has commi t t ed cr i mi nal br each of t r ust .
( d) But i f A, i n t he l ast i l l ust r at i on, not di shonest l y but i n good f ai t h, bel i evi ng t hat i t wi l l be mor e f or Z' s advant age t o hol d shar es i n t he Bank of Bengal , di sobeys Z' s di r ect i ons, and buys shar es i n t he Bank of Bengal , f or Z, i nst ead of buyi ng Company' s paper , her e, t hought Z shoul d suf f er l oss, and shoul d be ent i t l ed t o br i ng a ci vi l act i on agai nst A, on account of t hat l oss, yet A, not havi ng act ed di shonest l y, has not commi t t ed cr i mi nal br each of t r ust .
( e) A, a r evenue- of f i cer , i s ent r ust ed wi t h publ i c money and i s ei t her di r ect ed by l aw, or bound by a cont r act , expr ess or i mpl i ed, wi t h t he Gover nment , t o pay i nt o a cer t ai n t r easur y al l t he publ i c money whi ch he hol ds. A di shonest l y appr opr i at es t he money. A has commi t t ed cr i mi nal br each of t r ust .
( f ) A, a car r i er , i s ent r ust ed by Z wi t h pr oper t y t o be car r i ed by l and or by wat er . A di shonest l y mi sappr opr i at es t he pr oper t y. A has commi t t ed cr i mi nal br each of t r ust .
406.
Puni shment f or cr i mi nal br each of t r ust .
406. Puni shment f or cr i mi nal br each of t r ust . - - Whoever commi t s cr i mi nal br each of t r ust shal l be puni shed wi t h i mpr i sonment of ei t her descr i pt i on f or a t er mwhi ch may ext end t o t hr ee year s, or wi t h f i ne, or wi t h bot h.
407.
Cr i mi nal br each of t r ust by car r i er , et c.
407. Cr i mi nal br each of t r ust by car r i er , et c. - - Whoever , bei ng ent r ust ed wi t h pr oper t y as a car r i er , whar f i nger or war ehouse- keeper , commi t s cr i mi nal br each of t r ust , i n r espect of such pr oper t y, shal l be puni shed wi t h i mpr i sonment of ei t her descr i pt i on f or a t er mwhi ch may ext end t o seven year s, and shal l al so be l i abl e t o f i ne.
408.
Cr i mi nal br each of t r ust by cl er k or ser vant .
408. Cr i mi nal br each of t r ust by cl er k or ser vant . - - Whoever , bei ng a cl er k or ser vant or empl oyed as a cl er k or ser vant , and bei ng i n any manner ent r ust ed i n such capaci t y wi t h pr oper t y, or wi t h any domi ni on over pr oper t y, commi t s cr i mi nal br each of t r ust i n r espect of t hat pr oper t y, shal l be puni shed wi t h i mpr i sonment of ei t her descr i pt i on f or a t er mwhi ch may ext end t o seven year s, and shal l al so be l i abl e t o f i ne.
409.
Cr i mi nal br each of t r ust by publ i c ser vant , or by banker , mer chant or agent .
409. Cr i mi nal br each of t r ust by publ i c ser vant , or by banker , mer chant or agent . - - Whoever , bei ng i n any manner ent r ust ed wi t h pr oper t y, or wi t h any domi ni on over pr oper t y i n hi s capaci t y of a publ i c ser vant or i n t he way of hi s busi ness as a banker , mer chant , f act or , br oker , at t or ney or agent , commi t s cr i mi nal br each of t r ust i n r espect of t hat pr oper t y, shal l be puni shed wi t h 1*[ i mpr i sonment f or l i f e] , or wi t h i mpr i sonment of ei t her descr i pt i on f or a t er mwhi ch may ext end t o t en year s, and shal l al so be l i abl e t o f i ne. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1. Subs. by Act 26 of 1955, s. 117 and Sch. , f or " t r anspor t at i on f or l i f e" . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
195
OF TE RECEI VI NG OF STOLEN PROPERTY
410.
St ol en pr oper t y.
410. St ol en pr oper t y. - - Pr oper t y, t he possessi on wher eof has been t r ansf er r ed by t hef t , or by ext or t i on, or by r obber y, and pr oper t y whi ch has been cr i mi nal l y mi sappr opr i at ed or i n r espect of whi ch 1***cr i mi nal br each of t r ust has been commi t t ed, i s desi gnat ed as " st ol en pr oper t y" , 2*[ whet her t he t r ansf er has been made, or t he mi sappr opr i at i on or br each of t r ust has been commi t t ed, wi t hi n or wi t hout 3*[ I ndi a] ] . But , i f such pr oper t y subsequent l y comes i nt o t he possessi on of a per son l egal l y ent i t l ed t o t he possessi on t her eof , i t t hen ceases t o be st ol en pr oper t y.
411.
Di shonest l y r ecei vi ng st ol en pr oper t y.
411. Di shonest l y r ecei vi ng st ol en pr oper t y. - - Whoever di shonest l y r ecei ves or r et ai ns any st ol en pr oper t y, knowi ng or havi ng r eason t o bel i eve t he same t o be st ol en pr oper t y, shal l be puni shed wi t h i mpr i sonment of ei t her descr i pt i on f or a t er mwhi ch may ext end t o t hr ee year s, or wi t h f i ne, or wi t h bot h.
412.
Di shonest l y r ecei vi ng pr oper t y st ol en i n t he commi ssi on of a dacoi t y.
412. Di shonest l y r ecei vi ng pr oper t y st ol en i n t he commi ssi on of a dacoi t y. - - Whoever di shonest l y r ecei ves or r et ai ns any st ol en pr oper t y, t he possessi on wher eof he knows or has r eason t o bel i eve t o have been t r ansf er r ed by t he commi ssi on of dacoi t y, or di shonest l y r ecei ves f r om a per son, whomhe knows or has r eason t o bel i eve t o bel ong or t o have bel onged t o a gang of dacoi t s, pr oper t y whi ch he knows or has r eason t o bel i eve t o have been st ol en, shal l be puni shed wi t h 4*[ i mpr i sonment f or l i f e] , or wi t h r i gor ous i mpr i sonment f or a t er m whi ch may ext end t o t en year s, and shal l al so be l i abl e t o f i ne.
413.
Habi t ual l y deal i ng i n st ol en pr oper t y.
413. Habi t ual l y deal i ng i n st ol en pr oper t y. - - Whoever habi t ual l y r ecei ves or deal s i n pr oper t y whi ch he knows or has r eason t o bel i eve t o be st ol en pr oper t y, shal l be puni shed wi t h 4*[ i mpr i sonment f or l i f e] , or wi t h i mpr i sonment of ei t her descr i pt i on f or a t er mwhi ch may ext end t o t en year s, and shal l al so be l i abl e t o f i ne.
414.
Assi st i ng i n conceal ment of st ol en pr oper t y.
414. Assi st i ng i n conceal ment of st ol en pr oper t y. - - Whoever vol unt ar i l y assi st s i n conceal i ng or di sposi ng of or maki ng away wi t h pr oper t y whi ch he knows or has r eason t o bel i eve t o be st ol en pr oper t y, shal l be puni shed wi t h i mpr i sonment of ei t her descr i pt i on f or a t er mwhi ch may ext end t o t hr ee year s, or wi t h f i ne, or wi t h bot h.
Of cheat i ng
415.
Cheat i ng.
415. Cheat i ng. - - Whoever , by decei vi ng any per son, f r audul ent l y or di shonest l y i nduces t he per son so decei ved t o del i ver any pr oper t y t o any per son, or t o consent t hat any per son shal l r et ai n any pr oper t y, or i nt ent i onal l y i nduces t he per son so decei ved t o do or omi t t o do anyt hi ng whi ch he woul d not do or omi t i f he wer e not so decei ved, and whi ch act or omi ssi on causes or i s l i kel y t o cause damage or har mt o t hat per son i n body, mi nd, r eput at i on or pr oper t y, i s sai d t o " cheat " .
Expl anat i on. - A di shonest conceal ment of f act s i s a decept i on wi t hi n t he meani ng of t hi s sect i on.
I l l ust r at i ons
( a) A, by f al sel y pr et endi ng t o be i n t he Ci vi l Ser vi ce, i nt ent i onal l y decei ves Z, and t hus di shonest l y i nduces Z t o l et hi m have on cr edi t goods f or whi ch he does not mean t o pay. A cheat s. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1. The wor ds " t he" and " of f ence of " r ep. by Act 12 of 1891, s. 2 and Sch. I and Act 8 of 1882, s. 9, r espect i vel y. 2. I ns. by Act 8 of 1882 s. 9. 3. Subs. by Act 3 of 1951, s. 3 and Sch. , f or " t he St at es" . 4. Subs. by Act 26 of 1955, s. 117 and Sch. , f or " t r anspor t at i on f or l i f e" . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
196
( b) A, by put t i ng a count er f ei t mar k on an ar t i cl e, i nt ent i onal l y decei ves Z i nt o a bel i ef t hat t hi s ar t i cl e was made by a cer t ai n cel ebr at ed manuf act ur er , and t hus di shonest l y i nduces Z t o buy and pay f or t he ar t i cl e. A cheat s.
( c) A, by exhi bi t i ng t o Z a f al se sampl e of an ar t i cl e i nt ent i onal l y decei ves Z i nt o bel i evi ng t hat t he ar t i cl e cor r esponds wi t h t he sampl e, and t her eby di shonest l y i nduces Z t o buy and pay f or t he ar t i cl e. A cheat s.
( d) A, by t ender i ng i n payment f or an ar t i cl e a bi l l on a house wi t h whi ch A keeps no money, and by whi ch A expect s t hat t he bi l l wi l l be di shonour ed, i nt ent i onal l y decei ves Z, and t her eby di shonest l y i nduces Z t o del i ver t he ar t i cl e, i nt endi ng not t o pay f or i t . A cheat s
( e) A, by pl edgi ng as di amond ar t i cl es whi ch he knows ar e not di amonds, i nt ent i onal l y decei ves Z, and t her eby di shonest l y i nduces Z t o l end money. A cheat s.
( f ) A I nt ent i onal l y decei ves Z i nt o a bel i ef t hat A means t o r epay any money t hat Z may l end t o hi mand t her eby di shonest l y i nduces Z t o l end hi mmoney, A not i nt endi ng t o r epay i t . A cheat s.
( g) A i nt ent i onal l y decei ves Z i nt o a bel i ef t hat A means t o del i ver t o Z a cer t ai n quant i t y of i ndi go pl ant whi ch he does not i nt end t o del i ver , and t her eby di shonest l y i nduces Z t o advance money upon t he f ai t h of such del i ver y. A cheat s; but i f A, at t he t i me of obt ai ni ng t he money, i nt ends t o del i ver t he i ndi go pl ant , and af t er war ds br eaks hi s cont r act and does not del i ver i t , he does not cheat , but i s l i abl e onl y t o a ci vi l act i on f or br each of cont r act .
( h) A i nt ent i onal l y decei ves Z i nt o a bel i ef t hat A has per f or med A' s par t of a cont r act made wi t h Z, whi ch he has not per f or med, and t her eby di shonest l y i nduces Z t o pay money. A cheat s.
( i ) A sel l s and conveys an est at e t o B. A, knowi ng t hat i n consequence of such sal e he has no r i ght t o t he pr oper t y, sel l s or mor t gages t he same t o Z, wi t hout di scl osi ng t he f act of t he pr evi ous sal e and conveyance t o B, and r ecei ves t he pur chase or mor t gage money f r omZ. A cheat s.
416.
Cheat i ng by per sonat i on.
416. Cheat i ng by per sonat i on. - - A per son i s sai d t o " cheat by per sonat i on" i f he cheat s by pr et endi ng t o be some ot her per son, or by knowi ngl y subst i t ut i ng one per son f or or anot her , or r epr esent i ng t hat he or any ot her per son i s a per son ot her t han he or such ot her per son r eal l y i s.
Expl anat i on. - The of f ence i s commi t t ed whet her t he i ndi vi dual per sonat ed i s a r eal or i magi nar y per son.
I l l ust r at i ons
( a) A cheat s, by pr et endi ng t o be a cer t ai n r i ch banker of t he same name. A cheat s by per sonat i on.
( b) A cheat s by pr et endi ng t o be B, a per son who i s deceased. A cheat s by per sonat i on.
417.
Puni shment f or cheat i ng.
417. Puni shment f or cheat i ng. - Whoever cheat s shal l be puni shed wi t h i mpr i sonment of ei t her descr i pt i on f or a t er mwhi ch may ext end t o one year , or wi t h f i ne, or wi t h bot h.
197
418.
Cheat i ng wi t h knowl edge t hat wr ongf ul l oss may ensue t o per son whose i nt er est of f ender i s bound t o pr ot ect .
418. Cheat i ng wi t h knowl edge t hat wr ongf ul l oss may ensue t o per son whose i nt er est of f ender i s bound t o pr ot ect . - - Whoever cheat s wi t h t he knowl edge t hat he i s l i kel y t her eby t o cause wr ongf ul l oss t o a per son whose i nt er est i n t he t r ansact i on t o whi ch t he cheat i ng r el at es, he was bound ei t her by l aw, or by l egal cont r act , t o pr ot ect , shal l be puni shed wi t h i mpr i sonment of ei t her descr i pt i on f or a t er mwhi ch may ext end t o t hr ee year s, or wi t h f i ne, or wi t h bot h.
419.
Puni shment f or cheat i ng by per sonat i on.
419. Puni shment f or cheat i ng by per sonat i on. - - Whoever cheat s by per sonat i on shal l be puni shed wi t h i mpr i sonment of ei t her descr i pt i on f or a t er mwhi ch may ext end t o t hr ee year s, or wi t h f i ne, or wi t h bot h.
420.
Cheat i ng and di shonest l y i nduci ng del i ver y of pr oper t y.
420. Cheat i ng and di shonest l y i nduci ng del i ver y of pr oper t y. - - Whoever cheat s and t her eby di shonest l y i nduces t he per son decei ved t o del i ver any pr oper t y t o any per son, or t o make, al t er or dest r oy t he whol e or any par t of a val uabl e secur i t y, or anyt hi ng whi ch i s si gned or seal ed, and whi ch i s capabl e of bei ng conver t ed i nt o a val uabl e secur i t y, shal l be puni shed wi t h i mpr i sonment of ei t her descr i pt i on f or a t er mwhi ch may ext end t o seven year s, and shal l al so be l i abl e t o f i ne.
Of f r audul ent deeds and di sposi t i ons of pr oper t y
421.
Di shonest or f r audul ent r emoval or conceal ment of pr oper t y t o pr event di st r i but i on among cr edi t or s.
421. Di shonest or f r audul ent r emoval or conceal ment of pr oper t y t o pr event di st r i but i on among cr edi t or s. - - Whoever di shonest l y or f r audul ent l y r emoves, conceal s or del i ver s t o any per son, or t r ansf er s or causes t o be t r ansf er r ed t o any per son, wi t hout adequat e consi der at i on, any pr oper t y, i nt endi ng t her eby t o pr event , or knowi ng i t t o be l i kel y t hat he wi l l t her eby pr event t he di st r i but i on of t hat pr oper t y accor di ng t o l aw among hi s cr edi t or s or t he cr edi t or s of any ot her per son, shal l be puni shed wi t h i mpr i sonment of ei t her descr i pt i on f or a t er mwhi ch may ext end t o t wo year s, or wi t h f i ne, or wi t h bot h.
422.
Di shonest l y or f r audul ent l y pr event i ng debt bei ng avai l abl e f or cr edi t or s.
422. Di shonest l y or f r audul ent l y pr event i ng debt bei ng avai l abl e f or cr edi t or s. - - Whoever di shonest l y or f r audul ent l y pr event s any debt or demand due t o hi msel f or t o any ot her per son f r om bei ng made avai l abl e accor di ng t o l aw f or payment of hi s debt s or t he debt s of such ot her per son, shal l be puni shed wi t h i mpr i sonment of ei t her descr i pt i on f or a t er mwhi ch may ext end t o t wo year s, or wi t h f i ne, or wi t h bot h.
423.
Di shonest or f r audul ent execut i on of deed of t r ansf er cont ai ni ng f al se st at ement of consi der at i on.
423. Di shonest or f r audul ent execut i on of deed of t r ansf er cont ai ni ng f al se st at ement of consi der at i on. - - Whoever di shonest l y or f r audul ent l y si gns, execut es or becomes a par t y t o any deed or i nst r ument whi ch pur por t s t o t r ansf er or subj ect t o any char ge any pr oper t y, or any i nt er est t her ei n, and whi ch cont ai ns any f al se st at ement r el at i ng t o t he consi der at i on f or such t r ansf er or char ge, or r el at i ng t o t he per son or per sons f or whose use or benef i t i t i s r eal l y i nt ended t o oper at e, shal l be puni shed wi t h i mpr i sonment of ei t her descr i pt i on f or a t er mwhi ch may ext end t o t wo year s, or wi t h f i ne, or wi t h bot h.
424.
Di shonest or f r audul ent r emoval or conceal ment of pr oper t y.
424. Di shonest or f r audul ent r emoval or conceal ment of pr oper t y. - Whoever di shonest l y or f r audul ent l y conceal s or r emoves any pr oper t y of hi msel f or any ot her per son, or di shonest l y or f r audul ent l y assi st s i n t he conceal ment or r emoval t her eof , or di shonest l y r el eases any demand or cl ai mt o whi ch he i s ent i t l ed, shal l be puni shed wi t h i mpr i sonment of ei t her descr i pt i on f or a t er mwhi ch may ext end t o t wo year s, or wi t h f i ne, or wi t h bot h.
Of mi schi ef
425.
Mi schi ef .
425. Mi schi ef . - - Whoever wi t h i nt ent t o cause, or knowi ng t hat he i s l i kel y t o cause, wr ongf ul l oss or damage t o t he publ i c or t o any per son, causes t he dest r uct i on of any pr oper t y, or any such change i n any pr oper t y or i n t he si t uat i on t her eof as dest r oys or di mi ni shes i t s val ue or ut i l i t y, or af f ect s i t i nj ur i ousl y, commi t s " mi schi ef " .
198
Expl anat i on 1. - I t i s not essent i al t o t he of f ence of mi schi ef t hat t he of f ender shoul d i nt end t o cause l oss or damage t o t he owner of t he pr oper t y i nj ur ed or dest r oyed. I t i s suf f i ci ent i f he i nt ends t o cause, or knows t hat he i s l i kel y t o cause, wr ongf ul l oss or damage t o any per son by i nj ur i ng any pr oper t y, whet her i t bel ongs t o t hat per son or not .
Expl anat i on 2. - Mi schi ef may be commi t t ed by an act af f ect i ng pr oper t y bel ongi ng t o t he per son who commi t s t he act , or t o t hat per son and ot her s j oi nt l y.
I l l ust r at i ons
( a) A vol unt ar i l y bur ns a val uabl e secur i t y bel ongi ng t o Z i nt endi ng t o cause wr ongf ul l oss t o Z. A has commi t t ed mi schi ef .
( b) A i nt r oduces wat er i n t o an i ce- house bel ongi ng t o Z and t hus causes t he i ce t o mel t , i nt endi ng wr ongf ul l oss t o Z. A has commi t t ed mi schi ef .
( c) A vol unt ar i l y t hr ows i nt o a r i ver a r i ng bel ongi ng t o Z, wi t h t he i nt ent i on of t her e by causi ng wr ongf ul l oss t o Z. A has commi t t ed mi schi ef .
( d) A, knowi ng t hat hi s ef f ect s ar e about t o be t aken i n execut i on i n or der t o sat i sf y a debt due f r omhi mt o Z, dest r oys t hose ef f ect s, wi t h t he i nt ent i on of t her eby pr event i ng Z f r omobt ai ni ng sat i sf act i on of t he debt , and of t hus causi ng damage t o Z. A has commi t t ed mi schi ef .
( e) A havi ng i nsur ed a shi p, vol unt ar i l y causes t he same t o be cast away, wi t h t he i nt ent i on of causi ng damage t o t he under wr i t er s. A has commi t t ed mi schi ef .
( f ) A causes a shi p t o be cast away, i nt endi ng t her eby t o cause damage t o Z who has l ent money on bot t omr y on t he shi p. A has commi t t ed mi schi ef .
( g) A, havi ng j oi nt pr oper t y wi t h Z i n a hor se, shoot s t he hor se, i nt endi ng t her eby t o cause wr ongf ul l oss t o Z. A has commi t t ed mi schi ef .
( h) A causes cat t l e t o ent er upon a f i el d bel ongi ng t o Z, i nt endi ng t o cause and knowi ng t hat he i s l i kel y t o cause damage t o Z' s cr op. A has commi t t ed mi schi ef .
426.
Puni shment f or mi schi ef .
426. Puni shment f or mi schi ef . - - Whoever commi t s mi schi ef shal l be puni shed wi t h i mpr i sonment of ei t her descr i pt i on f or a t er mwhi ch may ext end t o t hr ee mont hs, or wi t h f i ne, or wi t h bot h.
427.
Mi schi ef causi ng damage t o t he amount of f i f t y r upees.
427. Mi schi ef causi ng damage t o t he amount of f i f t y r upees. - - Whoever commi t s mi schi ef and t her eby causes l oss or damage t o t he amount of f i f t y r upees or upwar ds, shal l be puni shed wi t h i mpr i sonment of ei t her descr i pt i on f or a t er m whi ch may ext end t o t wo year s, or wi t h f i ne, or wi t h bot h.
428.
Mi schi ef by ki l l i ng or mai mi ng ani mal of t he val ue of t en r upees.
428. Mi schi ef by ki l l i ng or mai mi ng ani mal of t he val ue of t en r upees. - Whoever commi t s mi schi ef by ki l l i ng, poi soni ng, mai mi ng or r ender i ng usel ess any ani mal s or ani mal of t he val ue of t he t en r upees or upwar ds, shal l be puni shed wi t h i mpr i sonment of ei t her descr i pt i on f or a t er mwhi ch may ext end t o t wo year s, or wi t h f i ne, or wi t h bot h.
429.
Mi schi ef by ki l l i ng or mai mi ng cat t l e, et c. , of any val ue or any ani mal of t he val ue of f i f t y r upees.
429. Mi schi ef by ki l l i ng or mai mi ng cat t l e, et c. , of any val ue or any ani mal of t he val ue of f i f t y r upees. - - Whoever commi t s mi schi ef by ki l l i ng, poi soni ng, mai mi ng or r ender i ng usel ess, any el ephant , camel , hor se, mul e, buf f al o, bul l , cow or ox, what ever may be t he val ue t her eof , of any ot her ani mal of t he val ue of f i f t y r upees or upwar ds, shal l be puni shed wi t h i mpr i sonment or ei t her descr i pt i on f or a t er m whi ch may ext end t o f i ve year s, or wi t h f i ne, or wi t h bot h.
199
430.
Mi schi ef by i nj ur y t o wor ks of i r r i gat i on or by wr ongf ul l y di ver t i ng wat er .
430. Mi schi ef by i nj ur y t o wor ks of i r r i gat i on or by wr ongf ul l y di ver t i ng wat er . - - Whoever commi t s mi schi ef by doi ng any act whi ch causes, or whi ch he knows t o be l i kel y t o cause, a di mi nut i on of t he suppl y of wat er f or agr i cul t ur al pur poses, or f or f ood or dr i nk f or human bei ngs or f or ani mal s whi ch ar e pr oper t y, or f or cl eanl i ness or f or car r yi ng on any manuf act ur e, shal l be puni shed wi t h i mpr i sonment of ei t her descr i pt i on f or a t er mwhi ch may ext end t o f i ve year s, or wi t h f i ne, or wi t h bot h.
431.
Mi schi ef by i nj ur y t o publ i c r oad, br i dge, r i ver or channel .
431. Mi schi ef by i nj ur y t o publ i c r oad, br i dge, r i ver or channel . - - Whoever commi t s mi schi ef by doi ng any act whi ch r ender s or whi ch he knows t o be l i kel y t o r ender any publ i c r oad, br i dge, navi gabl e r i ver or navi gabl e channel , nat ur al or ar t i f i ci al , i mpassabl e or l ess saf e f or t r avel l i ng or conveyi ng pr oper t y, shal l be puni shed wi t h i mpr i sonment of ei t her descr i pt i on f or a t er mwhi ch may ext end t o f i ve year s, or wi t h f i ne, or wi t h bot h.
432.
Mi schi ef by causi ng i nundat i on or obst r uct i on t o publ i c dr ai nage at t ended wi t h damage.
432. Mi schi ef by causi ng i nundat i on or obst r uct i on t o publ i c dr ai nage at t ended wi t h damage. - - Whoever commi t s mi schi ef by doi ng any act whi ch causes or whi ch he knows t o be l i kel y t o cause an i nundat i on or an obst r uct i on t o any publ i c dr ai nage at t ended wi t h i nj ur y or damage, shal l be puni shed wi t h i mpr i sonment of ei t her descr i pt i on f or a t er mwhi ch may ext end t o f i ve year s, or wi t h f i ne, or wi t h bot h.
433.
Mi schi ef by dest r oyi ng, movi ng or r ender i ng l ess usef ul a l i ght - house or sea- mar k.
433. Mi schi ef by dest r oyi ng, movi ng or r ender i ng l ess usef ul a l i ght - house or sea- mar k. - - Whoever commi t s mi schi ef by dest r oyi ng or movi ng any l i ght - house or ot her l i ght used as a sea- mar k, or any sea- mar k or buoy or ot her t hi ng pl aced as a gui de f or navi gat or s, or by any act whi ch r ender s any such l i ght - house, sea- mar k, buoy or ot her such t hi ng as af or esai d l ess usef ul as a gui de f or navi gat or s, shal l be puni shed wi t h i mpr i sonment of ei t her descr i pt i on f or a t er mwhi ch may ext end t o seven year s, or wi t h f i ne, or wi t h bot h.
434.
Mi schi ef by dest r oyi ng or movi ng, et c. , a l and- mar k f i xed by publ i c aut hor i t y.
434. Mi schi ef by dest r oyi ng or movi ng, et c. , a l and- mar k f i xed by publ i c aut hor i t y. - - Whoever commi t s mi schi ef by dest r oyi ng or movi ng any l and- mar k f i xed by t he aut hor i t y of a publ i c ser vant , or by any act whi ch r ender s such l and- mar k l ess usef ul as such, shal l be puni shed wi t h i mpr i sonment of ei t her descr i pt i on f or a t er mwhi ch may ext end t o one year , or wi t h f i ne, or wi t h bot h.
435.
Mi schi ef by f i r e or expl osi ve subst ance wi t h i nt ent t o cause damage t o amount of one hundr ed or ( i n case of agr i cul t ur al pr oduce) t en r upees.
435. Mi schi ef by f i r e or expl osi ve subst ance wi t h i nt ent t o cause damage t o amount of one hundr ed or ( i n case of agr i cul t ur al pr oduce) t en r upees. - - Whoever commi t s mi schi ef by f i r e or any expl osi ve subst ance i nt endi ng t o cause, or knowi ng i t t o be l i kel y t hat he wi l l t her eby cause, damage t o any pr oper t y t o t he amount of one hundr ed r upees or upwar ds 1*[ or ( wher e t he pr oper t y i s agr i cul t ur al pr oduce) t en r upees or upwar ds] , shal l be puni shed wi t h i mpr i sonment of ei t her descr i pt i on f or a t er mwhi ch may ext end t o seven year s and shal l al so be l i abl e t o f i ne.
436.
Mi schi ef by f i r e or expl osi ve subst ance wi t h i nt ent t o dest r oy house, et c.
436. Mi schi ef by f i r e or expl osi ve subst ance wi t h i nt ent t o dest r oy house, et c. - - Whoever commi t s mi schi ef by f i r e or any expl osi ve subst ance, i nt endi ng t o cause, or knowi ng i t t o be l i kel y t hat he wi l l t her eby cause. t he dest r uct i on of any bui l di ng whi ch i s or di nar i l y used as a pl ace of wor shi p or as a human dwel l i ng or as a pl ace f or t he cust ody of pr oper t y, shal l be puni shed wi t h 2*[ i mpr i sonment f or l i f e] , or wi t h i mpr i sonment of ei t her descr i pt i on f or a t er mwhi ch may ext end t o t en year s, and shal l al so be l i abl e t o f i ne.
437.
Mi schi ef wi t h i nt ent t o dest r oy or make unsaf e a decked vessel or one of t went y t ons bur den.
437. Mi schi ef wi t h i nt ent t o dest r oy or make unsaf e a decked vessel or one of t went y t ons bur den. - - Whoever commi t s mi schi ef t o any decked vessel or any vessel of a bur den of t went y t ons or upwar ds, i nt endi ng t o dest r oy or r ender unsaf e, or knowi ng i t t o be l i kel y t hat he wi l l t her eby dest r oy or r ender unsaf e, t hat vessel , shal l be puni shed wi t h i mpr i sonment of ei t her descr i pt i on f or a t er mwhi ch may ext end t o t en year s, and shal l al so be l i abl e t o f i ne. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1. I ns. by Act 8 of 1882, s. 10 2. Subs, by Act 26 of 1955, s. 117 and Sch, f or " t r anspor t at i on f or l i f e" . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
200
438.
Puni shment f or t he mi schi ef descr i bed i n sect i on 437 commi t t ed by f i r e or expl osi ve subst ance.
438. Puni shment f or t he mi schi ef descr i bed i n sect i on 437 commi t t ed by f i r e or expl osi ve subst ance. - - Whoever commi t s, or at t empt s t o commi t , by f i r e or any expl osi ve subst ance, such mi schi ef as i s descr i bed i n t he l ast pr ecedi ng sect i on. shal l be puni shed wi t h 1*[ i mpr i sonment f or l i f e] . or wi t h i mpr i sonment of ei t her descr i pt i on f or a t er m whi ch may ext end t o t en year s, and shal l al so be l i abl e t o f i ne.
439.
Puni shment f or i nt ent i onal l y r unni ng vessel agr ound or ashor e wi t h i nt ent t o commi t t hef t , et c.
439. Puni shment f or i nt ent i onal l y r unni ng vessel agr ound or ashor e wi t h i nt ent t o commi t t hef t , et c. - - Whoever i nt ent i onal l y r uns any vessel agr ound or ashor e, i nt endi ng t o commi t t hef t of any pr oper t y cont ai ned t her ei n or t o di shonest l y mi sappr opr i at e any such pr oper t y, or wi t h i nt ent t hat such t hef t or mi sappr opr i at i on of pr oper t y may be commi t t ed, shal l be puni shed wi t h i mpr i sonment of ei t her descr i pt i on f or a t er mwhi ch may ext end t o t en year s, and shal l al so be l i abl e t o f i ne.
440.
Mi schi ef commi t t ed af t er pr epar at i on made f or causi ng deat h or hur t .
440. Mi schi ef commi t t ed af t er pr epar at i on made f or causi ng deat h or hur t . - - Whoever commi t s mi schi ef , havi ng made pr epar at i on f or causi ng t o any per son deat h, or hur t , or wr ongf ul r est r ai nt , or f ear of deat h, or hur t , or of wr ongf ul r est r ai nt , shal l be puni shed wi t h i mpr i sonment of ei t her descr i pt i on f or a t er mwhi ch may ext end t o f i ve year s, and shal l al so be l i abl e t o f i ne.
Of cr i mi nal t r espass
441.
Cr i mi nal t r espass.
441. Cr i mi nal t r espass. - - Whoever ent er s i nt o or upon pr oper t y i n t he possessi on of anot her wi t h i nt ent t o commi t an of f ence or t o i nt i mi dat e, i nsul t or annoy any per son i n possessi on of such pr oper t y,
or havi ng l awf ul l y ent er ed i nt o or upon such pr oper t y, unl awf ul l y r emai ns t her e wi t h i nt ent t her eby t o i nt i mi dat e, i nsul t or annoy any such per son, or wi t h i nt ent t o commi t an of f ence,
i s sai d t o commi t " cr i mi nal t r espass" .
442.
House- t r espass.
442. House- t r espass. - - Whoever commi t s cr i mi nal t r espass by ent er i ng i nt o or r emai ni ng i n any bui l di ng, t ent or vessel used as a human dwel l i ng or any bui l di ng used as a pl ace f or wor shi p, or as a pl ace f or t he cust ody of pr oper t y, i s sai d t o commi t " house- t r espass" .
Expl anat i on. - The i nt r oduct i on of any par t of t he cr i mi nal t r espasser ' s body i s ent er i ng suf f i ci ent t o const i t ut e house- t r espass.
443.
Lur ki ng house- t r espass.
443. Lur ki ng house- t r espass. - - Whoever commi t s house- t r espass havi ng t aken pr ecaut i ons t o conceal such house- t r espass f r om some per son who has a r i ght t o excl ude or ej ect t he t r espasser f r omt he bui l di ng, t ent or vessel whi ch i s t he subj ect of t he t r espass, i s sai d t o commi t " l ur ki ng house- t r espass" .
444.
Lur ki ng house- t r espass by ni ght .
444. Lur ki ng house- t r espass by ni ght . - - Whoever commi t s l ur ki ng house- t r espass af t er sunset and bef or e sunr i se, i s sai d t o commi t " l ur ki ng house- t r espass by ni ght " .
445.
House- br eaki ng.
445. House- br eaki ng. - - A per son i s sai d t o commi t " house- br eaki ng" who commi t s house- t r espass i f he ef f ect s hi s ent r ance i nt o t he house or any par t of i t i n any of t he si x ways her ei naf t er descr i bed; or i f , bei ng i n t he house or any par t of i t f or t he pur pose of commi t t i ng an of f ence, or havi ng commi t t ed an of f ence t her ei n, he qui t s t he house or any par t of i t i n any of i t i n such si x ways, t hat i s t o say : -
Fi r st . - I f he ent er s or qui t s t hr ough a passage made by hi msel f , or by any abet t or of t he house- t r espass, i n or der t o t he commi t t i ng of t he house- t r espass. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1. Subs. by act . 26 of 1955, s. 117 and Sch. , f or " t r anspor t at i on f or l i f e" . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
201
Secondl y. - I f he ent er s or qui t s t hr ough any passage not i nt ended by any per son, ot her t han hi msel f or an abet t or of t he of f ence, f or human ent r ance; or t hr ough any passage t o whi ch he has obt ai ned access by scal i ng or cl i mbi ng over any wal l or bui l di ng.
Thi r dl y. - I f he ent er s or qui t s t hr ough any passage whi ch he or any abet t or of t he house- t r espass has opened, i n or der t o t he commi t t i ng of t he house- t r espass by any means by whi ch t hat passage was not i nt ended by t he occupi er of t he house t o be opened.
Four t hl y. - I f he ent er s or qui t s by openi ng any l ock i n or der t o t he commi t t i ng of t he house- t r espass, or i n or der t o t he qui t t i ng of t he house af t er a house- t r espass.
Fi f t hl y. - I f he ef f ect s hi s ent r ance or depar t ur e by usi ng cr i mi nal f or ce or commi t t i ng an assaul t , or by t hr eat eni ng any per son wi t h assaul t .
Si xt hl y. - I f he ent er s or qui t s by any passage whi ch he knows t o have been f ast ened agai nst such ent r ance or depar t ur e, and t o have been unf ast ened by hi msel f or by an abet t or of t he house- t r espass.
Expl anat i on. - Any out - house or bui l di ng occupi ed wi t h a house, and bet ween whi ch and such house t her e i s an i mmedi at e i nt er nal communi cat i on, i s par t of t he house wi t hi n t he meani ng of t hi s sect i on.
I l l ust r at i ons
( a) A commi t s house- t r espass by maki ng a hol e t hr ough t he wal l of Z' s house, and put t i ng hi s hand t hr ough t he aper t ur e. Thi s i s house- br eaki ng.
( b) A commi t s house- t r espass by cr eepi ng i nt o a shi p at a por t - hol e bet ween decks. Thi s i s house- br eaki ng.
( c) A commi t s house- t r espass by ent er i ng Z' s house t hr ough a wi ndow. Thi s i s house- br eaki ng.
( d) A commi t s house- t r espass by ent er i ng Z' s house t hr ough t he door , havi ng opened a door whi ch was f ast ened. Thi s i s house- br eaki ng.
( e) A commi t s house- t r espass by ent er i ng Z' s house t hr ough t he door , havi ng l i f t ed a l at ch by put t i ng a wi r e t hr ough a hol e i n t he door . Thi s i s house- br eaki ng.
( f ) A f i nds t he key of Z' s house door , whi ch Z had l ost , and commi t s house t r espass by ent er i ng Z' s house, havi ng opened t he door wi t h t hat key. Thi s i s house- br eaki ng.
( g) Z i s st andi ng i n hi s door way. A f or ces a passage by knocki ng Z down, and commi t s house- t r espass by ent er i ng t he house. Thi s i s house- br eaki ng.
( h) Z, t he door - keeper of Y, i s st andi ng i n Y' s door way. A commi t s house- t r espass by ent er i ng t he house, havi ng det er r ed Z f r om opposi ng hi mby t hr eat eni ng t o beat hi m. Thi s i s house- br eaki ng.
446.
House- br eaki ng by ni ght .
446. House- br eaki ng by ni ght . - - Whoever commi t s house- br eaki ng af t er sunset and bef or e sunr i se, i s sai d t o commi t " house- br eaki ng by ni ght " .
447.
Puni shment f or cr i mi nal t r espass.
447. Puni shment f or cr i mi nal t r espass. - - Whoever commi t s cr i mi nal t r espass shal l be puni shed wi t h i mpr i sonment of ei t her descr i pt i on f or a t er mwhi ch may ext end t o t hr ee mont hs, or wi t h f i ne whi ch may ext end t o f i ve hundr ed r upees, or wi t h bot h.
448.
Puni shment f or house- t r espass.
448. Puni shment f or house- t r espass. - - Whoever commi t s house- t r espass shal l be puni shed wi t h i mpr i sonment of ei t her descr i pt i on f or a t er m whi ch may ext end t o one year , or wi t h f i ne whi ch may ext end t o one t housand r upees, or wi t h bot h.
202
449.
House- t r espass i n or der t o commi t of f ence puni shabl e wi t h deat h.
449. House- t r espass i n or der t o commi t of f ence puni shabl e wi t h deat h. - - Whoever commi t s house- t r espass i n or der t o t he commi t t i ng of any of f ence puni shabl e wi t h deat h, shal l be puni shed wi t h 1*[ i mpr i sonment f or l i f e] , or wi t h r i gor ous i mpr i sonment f or a t er m not exceedi ng t en year s, and shal l al so be l i abl e t o f i ne.
450.
House- t r espass i n or der t o commi t of f ence puni shabl e wi t h i mpr i sonment f or l i f e.
450. House- t r espass i n or der t o commi t of f ence puni shabl e wi t h i mpr i sonment f or l i f e. - - Whoever commi t s house- t r espass i n or der t o t he commi t t i ng of any of f ence puni shabl e wi t h 1*[ i mpr i sonment f or l i f e] , shal l be puni shed wi t h i mpr i sonment of ei t her descr i pt i on f or a t er mnot exceedi ng t en year s, and shal l al so be l i abl e t o f i ne.
451.
House- t r espass i n or der t o commi t of f ence puni shabl e wi t h i mpr i sonment .
451. House- t r espass i n or der t o commi t of f ence puni shabl e wi t h i mpr i sonment . - - Whoever commi t s house- t r espass i n or der t o t he commi t t i ng of any of f ence puni shabl e wi t h i mpr i sonment , shal l be puni shed wi t h i mpr i sonment of ei t her descr i pt i on f or a t er mwhi ch may ext end t o t wo year s, and shal l al so be l i abl e t o f i ne; and i f t he of f ence i nt ended t o be commi t t ed i s t hef t , t he t er m of t he i mpr i sonment may be ext ended t o seven year s.
452.
House- t r espass al t er pr epar at i on f or hur t , assaul t or wr ongf ul r est r ai nt .
452. House- t r espass al t er pr epar at i on f or hur t , assaul t or wr ongf ul r est r ai nt . - - Whoever commi t s house- t r espass, havi ng made pr epar at i on f or causi ng hur t t o any per son or f or assaul t i ng any per son, or f or wr ongf ul l y r est r ai ni ng any per son, or f or put t i ng and per son i n f ear of hur t , or of assaul t , or of wr ongf ul r est r ai nt , shal l be puni shed wi t h i mpr i sonment of ei t her descr i pt i on f or a t er mwhi ch may ext end t o seven year s, and shal l al so be l i abl e t o f i ne.
453.
Puni shment f or l ur ki ng house- t r espass or house- br eaki ng.
453. Puni shment f or l ur ki ng house- t r espass or house- br eaki ng. - - Whoever commi t s l ur ki ng house- t r espass or house- br eaki ng, shal l be puni shed wi t h i mpr i sonment of ei t her descr i pt i on f or a t er mwhi ch may ext end t o t wo year s, and shal l al so be l i abl e t o f i ne.
454.
Lur ki ng house- t r espass or house- br eaki ng i n or der t o commi t of f ence puni shabl e wi t h i mpr i sonment .
454. Lur ki ng house- t r espass or house- br eaki ng i n or der t o commi t of f ence puni shabl e wi t h i mpr i sonment . - - Whoever commi t s l ur ki ng house- t r espass or house- br eaki ng, i n or der t o t he commi t t i ng of any of f ence puni shabl e wi t h i mpr i sonment , shal l be puni shed wi t h i mpr i sonment of ei t her descr i pt i on f or a t er mwhi ch may ext end t o t hr ee year s, and shal l al so be l i abl e t o f i ne; and i f t he of f ence i nt ended t o be commi t t ed i s t hef t , t he t er mof t he i mpr i sonment may be ext ended t o t en year s.
455.
Lur ki ng house- t r espass or house- br eaki ng af t er pr epar at i on f or hur t , assaul t or wr ongf ul r est r ai nt .
455. Lur ki ng house- t r espass or house- br eaki ng af t er pr epar at i on f or hur t , assaul t or wr ongf ul r est r ai nt . - - Whoever commi t s l ur ki ng house- t r espass, or house- br eaki ng, havi ng made pr epar at i on f or causi ng hur t t o any per son, or f or assaul t i ng any per son, or f or wr ongf ul l y r est r ai ni ng any per son, or f or put t i ng any per son i n f ear of hur t or of assaul t or of wr ongf ul r est r ai nt , shal l be puni shed wi t h i mpr i sonment of ei t her descr i pt i on or a t er mwhi ch may ext end t o t en year s, and shal l al so be l i abl e t o f i ne.
456.
Puni shment f or l ur ki ng house- t r espass or house- br eaki ng by ni ght .
456. Puni shment f or l ur ki ng house- t r espass or house- br eaki ng by ni ght . - - Whoever commi t s l ur ki ng house- t r espass by ni ght , or house- br eaki ng by ni ght , shal l be puni shed wi t h i mpr i sonment of ei t her descr i pt i on f or a t er mwhi ch may ext end t o t hr ee year s, and shal l al so be l i abl e t o f i ne.
457.
Lur ki ng house- t r espass or house- br eaki ng by ni ght i n or der t o commi t of f ence puni shabl e wi t h i mpr i sonment .
457. Lur ki ng house- t r espass or house- br eaki ng by ni ght i n or der t o commi t of f ence puni shabl e wi t h i mpr i sonment . - - Whoever commi t s l ur ki ng house- t r espass by ni ght , or house- br eaki ng by ni ght i n or der t o t he commi t t i ng of any of f ence puni shabl e wi t h i mpr i sonment , shal l be puni shed wi t h i mpr i sonment of ei t her descr i pt i on f or a t er mwhi ch may ext end t o f i ve year s, and shal l al so be l i abl e t o f i ne; and, i f t he of f ence i nt ended t o be commi t t ed i s t hef t , t he t er m of t he i mpr i sonment may be ext ended t o f our t een year s.
458.
Lur ki ng house- t r espass or house- br eaki ng by ni ght af t er pr epar at i on f or hur t , assaul t , or wr ongf ul r est r ai nt .
458. Lur ki ng house- t r espass or house- br eaki ng by ni ght af t er pr epar at i on f or hur t , assaul t , or wr ongf ul r est r ai nt . - - Whoever commi t s l ur ki ng house- t r espass by ni ght , or house- br eaki ng by ni ght , havi ng made pr epar at i on f or causi ng hur t t o any per son or f or assaul t i ng any per son, or f or wr ongf ul l y r est r ai ni ng any per son, or f or put t i ng any per son i n f ear of hur t , or of assaul t , or of wr ongf ul r est r ai nt , shal l be puni shed wi t h i mpr i sonment of ei t her descr i pt i on f or a t er mwhi ch may ext end t o f our t een year s, and shal l al so be l i abl e t o f i ne. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1. Subs. by Act 26 of 1955, s. 117 and Sch. , f or " t r anspor t at i on f or l i f e" . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
203
459.
Gr i evous hur t caused whi l st commi t t i ng l ur ki ng house- t r espass or house- br eaki ng.
459. Gr i evous hur t caused whi l st commi t t i ng l ur ki ng house- t r espass or house- br eaki ng. - - Whoever , whi l st commi t t i ng l ur ki ng house- t r espass or house- br eaki ng, causes gr i evous hur t t o any per son or at t empt s t o cause deat h or gr i evous hur t t o any per son, shal l be puni shed wi t h 1*[ i mpr i sonment f or l i f e] , or i mpr i sonment of ei t her descr i pt i on f or a t er m whi ch may ext end t o t en year s, and shal l al so be l i abl e t o f i ne.
460.
Al l per sons j oi nt l y concer ned i n l ur ki ng house- t r espass or house- br eaki ng by ni ght puni shabl e wher e deat h or gr i evous hur t caused by one of t hem.
460. Al l per sons j oi nt l y concer ned i n l ur ki ng house- t r espass or house- br eaki ng by ni ght puni shabl e wher e deat h or gr i evous hur t caused by one of t hem. - - I f at t he t i me of t he commi t t i ng of l ur ki ng house- t r espass by ni ght or house- br eaki ng by ni ght , any per son gui l t y of such of f ence shal l vol unt ar i l y cause or at t empt t o cause deat h or gr i evous hur t t o any per son, ever y per son j oi nt l y concer ned i n commi t t i ng such l ur kki ng house- t r espass by ni ght or house- br eaki ng by ni ght , shal l be puni shed wi t h 1*[ i mpr i sonment f or l i f e] , or wi t h i mpr i sonment of ei t her descr i pt i on f or a t er mwhi ch may ext end t o t en year s, and shal l al so be l i abl e t o f i ne.
461.
Di shonest l y br eaki ng open r ecept acl e cont ai ni ng pr oper t y.
461. Di shonest l y br eaki ng open r ecept acl e cont ai ni ng pr oper t y. - - Whoever di shonest l y or wi t h i nt ent t o commi t mi schi ef , br eaks open or unf ast ens any cl osed r ecept acl e whi ch cont ai ns or whi ch he bel i eves t o cont ai n pr oper t y, shal l be puni shed wi t h i mpr i sonment of ei t her descr i pt i on f or a t er mwhi ch may ext end t o t wo year s, or wi t h f i ne, or wi t h bot h.
462.
Puni shment f or same of f ence when commi t t ed by per son ent r ust ed wi t h cust ody.
462. Puni shment f or same of f ence when commi t t ed by per son ent r ust ed wi t h cust ody. - - Whoever , bei ng ent r ust ed wi t h any cl osed r ecept acl e whi ch cont ai ns or whi ch he bel i eves t o cont ai n pr oper t y wi t hout havi ng aut hor i t y t o open t he same, di shonest l y, or wi t h i nt ent t o commi t mi schi ef , br eaks open or unf ast ens t hat r ecept acl e, shal l be puni shed wi t h i mpr i sonment of ei t her descr i pt i on f or a t er mwhi ch may ext end t o t hr ee year s, or wi t h f i ne, or wi t h bot h.
CHAPTER XVI I I
OF OFFENCES RELATI NG TO DOCUMENTS AND TO PROPERTY MARKS
CHAPTER XVI I I
OF OFFENCES RELATI NG TO DOCUMENTS AND TO 2****PROPERTY MARKS
463.
For ger y.
463. For ger y. - - Whoever makes any f al se document or par t of a document wi t h i nt ent t o cause damage or i nj ur y, t o t he publ i c or t o any per son, or t o suppor t any cl ai mor t i t l e, or t o cause any per son t o par t wi t h pr oper t y, or t o ent er i nt o any expr ess or i mpl i ed cont r act , or wi t h i nt ent t o commi t f r aud or t hat f r aud may be commi t t ed, commi t s f or ger y.
464.
Maki ng a f al se document .
464. Maki ng a f al se document . - - A per son i s sai d t o make a f al se document -
Fi r st . - Who di shonest l y or f r audul ent l y makes, si gns, seal s or execut es a document or par t of a document , or makes any mar k denot i ng t he execut i on of a document , wi t h t he i nt ent i on of causi ng i t t o be bel i eved t hat such document or par t of a document was made, si gned, seal ed or execut ed by or by t he aut hor i t y of a per son by whomor by whose aut hor i t y he knows t hat i t was not made, si gned, seal ed or execut ed, or at a t i me at whi ch he knows t hat i t was not made, si gned, seal ed or execut ed; or
Secondl y. - Who, wi t hout l awf ul aut hor i t y, di shonest l y or f r audul ent l y, by cancel l at i on or ot her wi se, al t er s a document i n any mat er i al par t t her eof , af t er i t has been made or execut ed ei t her by hi msel f or by any ot her per son, whet her such per son be l i vi ng or dead at t he t i me of such al t er at i on; or
Thi r dl y. - Who di shonest l y or f r audul ent l y causes any per son t o si gn, seal , execut e or al t er a document , knowi ng t hat such per son by r eason of unsoundness of mi nd or i nt oxi cat i on cannot , or t hat by r eason of decept i on pr act i sed upon hi m, he does not know t he cont ent s of t he document or t he nat ur e of t he al t er at i on. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1. Subs. by Act 26 of 1955, s. 117 and Sch. , f or " t r anspor t at i on f or l i f e" . 2. The wor ds " Tr ade or " omi t t ed by Act 43 of 1958, s. 135 and Sch. ( w. e. f . 25- 11- 1959) . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
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I l l ust r at i ons
( a) A has a l et t er of cr edi t upon B f or r upees 10, 000, wr i t t en by Z. A, i n or der t o def r aud B, adds ci pher t o t he 10, 000, and makes t he sum1, 00, 000 i nt endi ng t hat i t may be bel i eved by B t hat Z so wr ot e t he l et t er . A has commi t t ed f or ger y.
( b) A wi t hout Z' s aut hor i t y, af f i xes Z' s seal t o a document pur por t i ng t o be a conveyance of an est at e f r omZ t o A, wi t h t he i nt ent i on of sel l i ng t he est at e t o B and t her eby of obt ai ni ng f r omB t he pur chase- money. A has commi t t ed f or ger y.
( c) A pi cks up a cheque on a banker si gned by B, payabl e t o bear er , but wi t hout any sumhavi ng been i nser t ed i n t he cheque. A f r audul ent l y f i l l s up t he cheque by i nser t i ng t he sumof t en t housand r upees. A commi t s f or ger y.
( d) A l eaves wi t h B, hi s agent , a cheque on a banker , si gned by A, wi t hout i nser t i ng t he sumpayabl e and aut hor i zes B t o f i l l up t he cheque by i nser t i ng a sumnot exceedi ng t en t housand r upees f or t he pur pose of maki ng cer t ai n payment s. B f r audul ent l y f i l l s up t he cheque by i nser t i ng t he sumof t went y t housand r upees. B commi t s f or ger y.
( e) A dr aws a bi l l of exchange on hi msel f i n t he name of B wi t hout B' s aut hor i t y, i nt endi ng t o di scount i t as a genui ne bi l l wi t h a banker and i nt endi ng t o t ake up t he bi l l on i t s mat ur i t y. Her e, as A dr aws t he bi l l wi t h i nt ent t o decei ve t he banker by l eadi ng hi mt o suppose t hat he had t he secur i t y of B, and t her eby t o di scount t he bi l l , A i s gui l t y of f or ger y.
( f ) Z' s wi l l cont ai ns t hese wor ds- " I di r ect t hat al l my r emai ni ng pr oper t y be equal l y di vi ded bet ween A, B and C. " A di shonest l y scr at ches out B' s name, i nt endi ng t hat i t may be bel i eved t hat t he whol e was l ef t t o hi msel f and C. A has commi t t ed f or ger y.
( g) A endor ses a Gover nment pr omi ssor y not e and makes i t payabl e t o Z< f or hi s or der by wr i t i ng on t he bi l l t he wor ds " Pay t o Z or hi s or der " and si gni ng t he endor sement . B di shonest l y er ases t he wor ds " Pay t o Z or hi s or der " , and t her eby conver t s t he speci al endor sement i nt o a bl ank endor sement . B commi t s f or ger y.
( h) A sel l s and conveys an est at e t o Z. A af t er war ds, i n or der t o def r aud Z of hi s est at e, execut es a conveyance of t he same est at e t o B, dat ed si x mont hs ear l i er t han t he dat e of t he conveyance t o Z, i nt endi ng i t t o be bel i eved t hat he had conveyed t he est at e t o B bef or e he conveyed i t t o Z. A has commi t t ed f or ger y.
( i ) Z di ct at es hi s wi l l t o A. A i nt ent i onal l y wr i t es down a di f f er ent l egat ee named by Z, and by r epr esent i ng t o Z t hat he has pr epar ed t he wi l l accor di ng t o hi s i nst r uct i ons, i nduces Z t o si gn t he wi l l . A has commi t t ed f or ger y.
( j ) A wr i t es a l et t er and si gns i t wi t h B' s name wi t hout B' s aut hor i t y, cer t i f yi ng t hat A i s a man of good char act er and i n di st r essed ci r cumst ances f r om unf or eseen mi sf or t une, i nt endi ng by means of such l et t er t o obt ai n al ms f r omZ and ot her per sons. Her e, as A made a f al se document i n or der t o i nduce Z t o par t wi t h pr oper t y, A has commi t t ed f or ger y.
( k) A wi t hout B' s aut hor i t y wr i t es a l et t er and si gns i t i n B' s name cer t i f yi ng t o A' s char act er , i nt endi ng t her eby t o obt ai n empl oyment under Z. A has commi t t ed f or ger y i nasmuch as he i nt ended t o decei ve Z by t he f or ged cer t i f i cat e, and t her eby t o i nduce Z t o ent er i nt o an expr ess or i mpl i ed cont r act f or ser vi ce.
205
Expl anat i on I . - A man' s si gnat ur e of hi s own name may amount t o f or ger y.
I l l ust r at i ons
( a) A si gns hi s own name t o a bi l l of exchange, i nt endi ng t hat i t may be bel i eved t hat t he bi l l was dr awn by anot her per son of t he same name. A has commi t t ed f or ger y.
( b) A wr i t es t he wor d " accept ed" on a pi ece of paper and si gns i t wi t h Z' s name, i n or der t hat B may af t er war ds wr i t e on t he paper a bi l l of exchange dr awn by B upon Z, and negot i at e t he bi l l s as t hough i t had been accept ed by Z. A i s gui l t y of f or ger y; and i f B, knowi ng t he f act , dr aws t he bi l l upon t he paper pur suant t o A' s i nt ent i on, B i s al so gui l t y of f or ger y.
( c) A pi cks up a bi l l of exchange payabl e t o t he or der of a di f f er ent per son of t he same name. A endor ses t he bi l l i n hi s own name, i nt endi ng t o cause i t t o be bel i eved t hat i t was endor sed by t he per son t o whose or der i t was payabl e; her e A has commi t t ed f or ger y.
( d) A pur chases an est at e sol d under execut i on of a decr ee agai nst B. B, af t er t he sei zur e of t he est at e, i n col l usi on wi t h Z, execut es a l ease of t he est at e t o Z at a nomi nal r ent and f or a l ong per i od and dat es t he l ease si x mont hs pr i or t o t he sei zur e, wi t h i nt ent t o def r aud A, and t o cause i t t o be bel i eved t hat t he l ease was gr ant ed bef or e t he sei zur e. B, t hough he execut es t he l ease i n hi s own name, commi t s f or ger y by ant edat i ng i t .
( e) A, a t r ader , i n ant i ci pat i on of i nsol vency, l odges ef f ect s wi t h B f or A' s benef i t , and wi t h i nt ent t o def r aud hi s cr edi t or s; and i n or der t o gi ve a col our t o t he t r ansact i on, wr i t es a pr omi ssor y not e bi ndi ng hi msel f t o pay t o B a sumf or val ue r ecei ved, and ant edat es t he not e, i nt endi ng t hat i t may be bel i eved t o have been made bef or e A was on t he poi nt of i nsol vency. A has commi t t ed f or ger y under t he f i r st head of t he def i ni t i on.
Expl anat i on 2. - The maki ng of a f al se document i n t he name of a f i ct i ous per son, i nt endi ng i t t o be bel i eved t hat t he document was made by r eal per son, or i n t he name of a deceased per son, i nt endi ng i t t o be bel i eved t hat t he document was made by t he per son i n hi s l i f et i me, may amount t o f or ger y.
I l l ust r at i on
A dr aws a bi l l of exchange upon a f i ct i ous per son, and f r audul ent l y accept s t he bi l l i n t he name of such f i ct i t i ous per son wi t h i nt ent t o negot i at e i t . A commi t s f or ger y.
465.
Puni shment f or f or ger y.
465. Puni shment f or f or ger y. - - Whoever commi t s f or ger y shal l be puni shed wi t h i mpr i sonment of ei t her descr i pt i on f or a t er mwhi ch may ext end t o t wo year s, or wi t h f i ne, or wi t h bot h.
466.
For ger y of r ecor d of Cour t or of publ i c r egi st er , et c.
466. For ger y of r ecor d of Cour t or of publ i c r egi st er , et c. - - Whoever f or ges a document , pur por t i ng t o be a r ecor d or pr oceedi ng of or i n a Cour t of J ust i ce, or a r egi st er of bi r t h, bapt i sm, mar r i age or bur i al , or a r egi st er kept by a publ i c ser vant as such, or a cer t i f i cat e or document pur por t i ng t o be made by a publ i c ser vant i n hi s of f i ci al capaci t y, or an aut hor i t y t o i nst i t ut e or def end a sui t , or t o t ake any pr oceedi ngs t her ei n, or t o conf ess j udgment , or a power of at t or ney, shal l be puni shed wi t h i mpr i sonment of ei t her descr i pt i on f or a t er mwhi ch may ext end t o seven year s, and shal l al so be l i abl e t o f i ne.
206
467.
For ger y of val uabl e secur i t y, wi l l , et c.
467. For ger y of val uabl e secur i t y, wi l l , et c. - - Whoever f or ges a document whi ch pur por t s t o be a val uabl e secur i t y or a wi l l , or an aut hor i t y t o adopt a son, or whi ch pur por t s t o gi ve aut hor i t y t o any per son t o make or t r ansf er any val uabl e secur i t y, or t o r ecei ve t he pr i nci pal , i nt er est or di vi dends t her eon, or t o r ecei ve or del i ver any money, movabl e pr oper t y, or val uabl e secur i t y, or any document pur por t i ng t o be an acqui t t ance or r ecei pt acknowl edgi ng t he payment of money, or an acqui t t ance or r ecei pt f or t he del i ver y of any movabl e pr oper t y or val uabl e secur i t y, shal l be puni shed wi t h 1 *[ i mpr i sonment f or l i f e] , or wi t h i mpr i sonment of ei t her descr i pt i on f or a t er mwhi ch may ext end t o t en year s, and shal l al so be l i abl e t o f i ne.
468.
For ger y f or pur pose of cheat i ng.
468. For ger y f or pur pose of cheat i ng. - - Whoever commi t s f or ger y, i nt endi ng t hat t he document f or ged shal l be used f or t he pur pose of cheat i ng, shal l be puni shed wi t h i mpr i sonment of ei t her descr i pt i on f or a t er mwhi ch may ext end t o seven year s, and shal l al so be l i abl e t o f i ne.
469.
For ger y f or pur pose of har mi ng r eput at i on.
469. For ger y f or pur pose of har mi ng r eput at i on. - - Whoever commi t s f or ger y, i nt endi ng t hat t he document f or ged shal l har mt he r eput at i on of any par t y, or knowi ng t hat i t i s l i kel y t o be used f or t hat pur pose, shal l be puni shed wi t h i mpr i sonment of ei t her descr i pt i on f or a t er m whi ch may ext end t o t hr ee year s, and shal l al so be l i abl e t o f i ne.
470.
For ged document .
470. For ged document . - - A f al se document made whol l y or i n par t by f or ger y i s desi gnat ed " a f or ged document " .
471.
Usi ng as genui ne a f or ged document .
471. Usi ng as genui ne a f or ged document . - - Whoever f r audul ent l y or di shonest l y uses as genui ne any document whi ch he knows or has r eason t o bel i eve t o be a f or ged document , shal l be puni shed i n t he same manner as i f he had f or ged such document .
472.
Maki ng or possessi ng count er f ei t seal , et c. , wi t h i nt ent t o commi t f or ger y puni shabl e under sect i on 467.
472. Maki ng or possessi ng count er f ei t seal , et c. , wi t h i nt ent t o commi t f or ger y puni shabl e under sect i on 467. - - Whoever makes or count er f ei t s any seal , pl at e or ot her i nst r ument f or maki ng an i mpr essi on, i nt endi ng t hat t he same shal l be used f or t he pur pose of commi t t i ng any f or ger y whi ch woul d be puni shabl e under sect i on 467 of t hi s Code, or , wi t h such i nt ent , has i n hi s possessi on any such seal , pl at e or ot her i nst r ument , knowi ng t he same t o be count er f ei t , shal l be puni shabl e wi t h 1*[ i mpr i sonment f or l i f e] , or wi t h i mpr i sonment of ei t her descr i pt i on f or a t er mwhi ch may ext end t o seven year s, and shal l al so be l i abl e t o f i ne.
473.
Maki ng or possessi ng count er f ei t seal , et c. , wi t h i nt ent t o commi t f or ger y puni shabl e ot her wi se.
473. Maki ng or possessi ng count er f ei t seal , et c. , wi t h i nt ent t o commi t f or ger y puni shabl e ot her wi se. - - Whoever makes or count er f ei t s any seal , pl at e or ot her i nst r ument f or maki ng an i mpr essi on, i nt endi ng t hat t he same shal l be used f or t he pur pose of commi t t i ng any f or ger y whi ch woul d be puni shabl e under any sect i on of t hi s Chapt er ot her t han sect i on 467, or , wi t h such i nt ent , has i n hi s possessi on any such seal , pl at e or ot her i nst r ument , knowi ng t he same t o be count er f ei t , shal l be puni shed wi t h i mpr i sonment of ei t her descr i pt i on f or a t er mwhi ch may ext end t o seven year s, and shal l al so be l i abl e t o f i ne.
474.
Havi ng possessi on of document descr i bed i n sect i on 466 or 467, knowi ng i t t o be f or ged and i nt endi ng t o use i t genui ne.
474. Havi ng possessi on of document descr i bed i n sect i on 466 or 467, knowi ng i t t o be f or ged and i nt endi ng t o use i t genui ne. - - Whoever has i n hi s possessi on any document , knowi ng t he same t o be f or ged, and i nt endi ng t hat t he same shal l f r audul ent l y or di shonest l y be used as genui ne, shal l , i f t he document i s one of t he descr i pt i on ment i oned i n sect i on 466 of t hi s Code, be puni shed wi t h i mpr i sonment of ei t her descr i pt i on f or a t er mwhi ch may ext end t o seven year s, and shal l al so be l i abl e t o f i ne; and i f t he document i s one of t he descr i pt i on ment i oned i n sect i on 467, shal l be puni shed wi t h 1*[ i mpr i sonment f or l i f e] , or wi t h i mpr i sonment of ei t her descr i pt i on, f or a t er m whi ch may ext end t o seven year s, and shal l al so be l i abl e t o f i ne. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1. Subs. by Act 26 of 1955. s. 117 and Sch. , f or " t r anspor t at i on f or l i f e" .
207
475.
Count er f ei t i ng devi ce or mar k used f or aut hent i cat i ng document s descr i bed i n sect i on 467, or possessi ng count er f ei t mar ked mat er i al .
475. Count er f ei t i ng devi ce or mar k used f or aut hent i cat i ng document s descr i bed i n sect i on 467, or possessi ng count er f ei t mar ked mat er i al . - - Whoever count er f ei t s upon, or i n t he subst ance of , any mat er i al , any devi ce or mar k used f or t he pur pose of aut hent i cat i ng any document descr i bed i n sect i on 467 of t hi s Code, i nt endi ng t hat such devi ce or mar k shal l be used f or t he pur pose of gi vi ng t he appear ance of aut hent i ci t y t o any document t hen f or ged or t her eaf t er t o be f or ged on such mat er i al , or who, wi t h such i nt ent , has i n hi s possessi on any mat er i al upon or i n t he subst ance of whi ch any such devi ce or mar k has been count er f ei t ed, shal l be puni shed wi t h 1 *[ i mpr i sonment f or l i f e] , or wi t h i mpr i sonment of ei t her descr i pt i on f or a t er mwhi ch may ext end t o seven year s, and shal l al so be l i abl e t o f i ne.
476.
Count er f ei t i ng devi ce or mar k used f or aut hent i cat i ng document s ot her t han t hose descr i bed i n sect i on 467, or possessi ng count er f ei t mar ked mat er i al .
476. Count er f ei t i ng devi ce or mar k used f or aut hent i cat i ng document s ot her t han t hose descr i bed i n sect i on 467, or possessi ng count er f ei t mar ked mat er i al . - - Whoever count er f ei t s upon, or i n t he subst ance of , any mat er i al , any devi ce or mar k used f or t he pur pose of aut hent i cat i ng any document ot her t han t he document s descr i bed i n sect i on 467 of t hi s Code, i nt endi ng t hat such devi ce or mar k shal l be used f or t he pur pose of gi vi ng t he appear ance of aut hent i ci t y t o any document t hen f or ged or t her eaf t er t o be f or ged on such mat er i al , or who wi t h such i nt ent , has i n hi s possessi on any mat er i al upon or i n t he subst ance of whi ch any such devi ce or mar k has been count er f ei t ed, shal l be puni shed wi t h i mpr i sonment of ei t her descr i pt i on f or a t er m whi ch may ext end t o seven year s, and shal l al so be l i abl e t o f i ne.
477.
Fr audul ent cancel l at i on, dest r uct i on, et c. , of wi l l , aut hor i t y t o adopt , or val uabl e secur i t y.
477. Fr audul ent cancel l at i on, dest r uct i on, et c. , of wi l l , aut hor i t y t o adopt , or val uabl e secur i t y. - - Whoever f r audul ent l y or di shonest l y, or wi t h i nt ent t o cause damage or i nj ur y t o t he publ i c or t o any per son, cancel s, dest r oys or def aces, or at t empt s t o cancel , dest r oy or def ace, or secr et es or at t empt s t o secr et e any document whi ch i s or pur por t s t o be a wi l l , or an aut hor i t y t o adopt a son, or any val uabl e secur i t y, or commi t s mi schi ef i n r espect of such document , shal l be puni shed wi t h 1*[ i mpr i sonment f or l i f e] , or wi t h i mpr i sonment of ei t her descr i pt i on f or a t er mwhi ch may ext end t o seven year s, and shal l al so be l i abl e t o f i ne.
477A.
Fal si f i cat i on of account s.
2*[ 477A. Fal si f i cat i on of account s. - - Whoever , bei ng a cl er k, of f i cer or ser vant , or empl oyed or act i ng i n t he capaci t y of a cl er k, of f i cer or ser vant , wi l l f ul l y, and wi t h i nt ent t o def r aud, dest r oys, al t er s, mut i l at es or f al si f i es any book, paper , wr i t i ng, val uabl e secur i t y or account whi ch bel ongs t o or i s i n t he possessi on of hi s empl oyer , or has been r ecei ved by hi m f or or on behal f of hi s empl oyer , or wi l l f ul l y, and wi t h i nt ent t o def r aud, makes or abet s t he maki ng of any f al se ent r y i n, or omi t s or al t er s or abet s t he omi ssi on or al t er at i on of any mat er i al par t i cul ar f r omor i n. any such book, paper , wr i t i ng, val uabl e secur i t y or account , shal l be puni shed wi t h i mpr i sonment of ei t her descr i pt i on f or a t er mwhi ch may ext end t o seven year s, or wi t h f i ne, or wi t h bot h.
Expl anat i on. - I t shal l be suf f i ci ent i n any char ge under t hi s sect i on t o al l ege a gener al i nt ent t o def r aud wi t hout nami ng any par t i cul ar per son i nt ended t o be def r auded or speci f yi ng any par t i cul ar sum of money i nt ended t o be t he subj ect of t he f r aud, or any par t i cul ar day on whi ch t he of f ence was commi t t ed. ]
3*[ Of 4****pr oper t y and ot her mar ks
478.
[ Repeal ed. ]
478. [ Tr ade Mar k. ] Rep. by t he Tr ade and Mer chandi se Mar ks Act , 1958 ( 43 of 1958) , s. 135 and Sch. ( w. e. f . 25- 11- 1959) . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1. Subs. by Act 26 of 1955, s. 117 and Sch. , f or " t r anspor t at i on f or l i f e" . 2. Added by Act 3 of 1895, s. 4. 3. Subs. by Act . 4 of 1889, s. 3, f or t he or i gi nal headi ng and ss. 478 t o 489. 4. The wor d " t r ade, " omi t t ed by Act 43 of 1958, s. 135 and Sch. ( w. e. f . 25- 11- 1959) . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
208
479.
Pr oper t y mar k.
1*479. Pr oper t y mar k. - - A mar k used f or denot i ng t hat movabl e pr oper t y bel ongs t o a par t i cul ar per son i s cal l ed a pr oper t y mar k.
480.
[ Repeal ed. ]
480. [ Usi ng a f al se t r ade mar k. ] Rep. by t he Tr ade and Mer chandi se Mar ks Act , 1958 ( 43 of 1958) , s. 135 and Sch. ( w. e. f . 25- 11- 1959) .
481.
Usi ng a f al se pr oper t y mar k.
481. Usi ng a f al se pr oper t y mar k. - - Whoever mar ks any movabl e pr oper t y or goods or any case, package or ot her r ecept acl e cont ai ni ng movabl e pr oper t y or goods, or uses any case, package or ot her r ecept acl e havi ng any mar k t her eon, i n a manner r easonabl y cal cul at ed t o cause i t t o be bel i eved t hat t he pr oper t y or goods so mar ked, or any pr oper t y or goods cont ai ned i n any such r ecept acl e so mar ked, bel ong t o a per son t o whomt hey do not bel ong, i s sai d t o use a f al se pr oper t y mar k.
482.
Puni shment f or usi ng a f al se pr oper t y mar k.
482. Puni shment f or usi ng a f al se pr oper t y mar k. - - Whoever uses 1***any f al se pr oper t y mar k shal l , unl ess he pr oves t hat he act ed wi t hout i nt ent t o def r aud, be puni shed wi t h i mpr i sonment of ei t her descr i pt i on f or a t er mwhi ch may ext end t o one year , or wi t h f i ne, or wi t h bot h.
483.
Count er f ei t i ng a pr oper t y mar k used by anot her .
483. Count er f ei t i ng a pr oper t y mar k used by anot her . - - Whoever count er f ei t s any 3****pr oper t y mar k used by any ot her per son shal l be puni shed wi t h i mpr i sonment of ei t her descr i pt i on f or a t er mwhi ch may ext end t o t wo year s, or wi t h f i ne, or wi t h bot h.
484.
Count er f ei t i ng a mar k used by a publ i c ser vant .
484. Count er f ei t i ng a mar k used by a publ i c ser vant . - - Whoever count er f ei t s any pr oper t y mar k used by a publ i c ser vant , or any mar k used by a publ i c ser vant t o denot e t hat any pr oper t y has been manuf act ur ed by a par t i cul ar per son or at a par t i cul ar t i me or pl ace, or t hat t he pr oper t y i s of a par t i cul ar qual i t y or has passed t hr ough a par t i cul ar of f i ce, or t hat i t i s ent i t l ed t o any exempt i on, or uses as genui ne any such mar k knowi ng t he same t o be count er f ei t , shal l be puni shed wi t h i mpr i sonment of ei t her descr i pt i on f or a t er mwhi ch may ext end t o t hr ee year s, and shal l al so be l i abl e t o f i ne.
485.
Maki ng or possessi on of any i nst r ument f or count er f ei t i ng a pr oper t y mar k.
4*[ 485. Maki ng or possessi on of any i nst r ument f or count er f ei t i ng a pr oper t y mar k. - - Whoever makes or has i n hi s possessi on any di e, pl at e or ot her i nst r ument f or t he pur pose of count er f ei t i ng a pr oper mar k, or has i n hi s possessi on a pr oper t y mar k f or t he pur pose of denot i ng t hat any goods bel ong t o a per son t o whom t hey do not bel ong, shal l be puni shed wi t h i mpr i sonment of ei t her descr i pt i on f or a t er mwhi ch may ext end t o t hr ee year s, or wi t h f i ne, or wi t h bot h. ]
486.
Sel l i ng goods mar ked wi t h a count er f ei t pr oper t y mar k.
486. Sel l i ng goods mar ked wi t h a count er f ei t pr oper t y mar k. - - 5*[ Whoever sel l s, or exposes, or has i n possessi on f or sal e, any goods or t hi ngs wi t h a count er f ei t pr oper t y mar k] af f i xed t o or i mpr essed upon t he same or t o or upon any case, package or ot her r ecept acl e i n whi ch such goods ar e cont ai ned, shal l , unl ess he pr oves- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1. Ss. 147 t o 489 wer e subs. by Act 4 of 1889, f or t he or i gi nal sect i ons. 2. The wor ds " any f al se t r ade mar k or " omi t t ed by Act 43 of 1958, s. 135 and Sch. ( w. e. f . 25- 11- 1959) . 3. The wor ds " t r ade mar k or " omi t t ed by s. 135 and Sch. , i bi d. ( w. e. f . 25- 11- 1959) . 4. Subs. by s. 135 and Sch. , i bi d. , f or t he f or mer sect i on ( w. e. f 25- 11- 1959) . 5. Subs. by s. 135 and Sch. , i bi d. , f or cer t ai n wor ds ( w. e. f . 25- 11- 1959) . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
209
( a) t hat , havi ng t aken al l r easonabl e pr ecaut i ons agai nst commi t t i ng an of f ence agai nst t hi s sect i on, he had at t he t i me of t he commi ssi on of t he al l eged of f ence no r eason t o suspect t he genui neness of t he mar k, and
( b) t hat , on demand made by or on behal f of t he pr osecut or , he gave al l t he i nf or mat i on i n hi s power wi t h r espect t o t he per sons f r omwhomhe obt ai ned such goods or t hi ngs, or
( c) t hat ot her wi se he had act ed i nnocent l y,
be puni shed wi t h i mpr i sonment of ei t her descr i pt i on f or a t er mwhi ch may ext end t o one year , or wi t h f i ne, or wi t h bot h.
487.
Maki ng a f al se mar k upon any r ecept acl e cont ai ni ng goods.
487. Maki ng a f al se mar k upon any r ecept acl e cont ai ni ng goods. - - Whoever makes any f al se mar k upon any case, package or ot her r ecept acl e cont ai ni ng goods, i n a manner r easonabl y cal cul at ed t o cause any publ i c ser vant or any ot her per son t o bel i eve t hat such r ecept acl e cont ai ns goods whi ch i t does not cont ai n or t hat i t does not cont ai n goods whi ch i t does cont ai n, or t hat t he goods cont ai ned i n such r ecept acl e ar e of a nat ur e or qual i t y di f f er ent f r omt he r eal nat ur e or qual i t y t her eof , shal l , unl ess he pr oves t hat he act ed wi t hout i nt ent t o def r aud, be puni shed wi t h i mpr i sonment of ei t her descr i pt i on f or a t er mwhi ch may ext end t o t hr ee year s, or wi t h f i ne, or wi t h bot h.
488.
Puni shment f or maki ng use of any such f al se mar k.
488. Puni shment f or maki ng use of any such f al se mar k. - - Whoever makes use of any such f al se mar k i n any manner pr ohi bi t ed by t he l ast f or egoi ng sect i on shal l , unl ess he pr oves t hat he act ed wi t hout i nt ent t o def r aud, be puni shed as i f he had commi t t ed an of f ence agai nst t hat sect i on.
489.
Tamper i ng wi t h pr oper t y mar k wi t h i nt ent t o cause i nj ur y.
489. Tamper i ng wi t h pr oper t y mar k wi t h i nt ent t o cause i nj ur y. - - Whoever r emoves, dest r oys, def aces or adds t o any pr oper t y mar k, i nt endi ng or knowi ng i t t o be l i kel y t hat he may t her eby cause i nj ur y t o any per son, shal l be puni shed wi t h i mpr i sonment of ei t her descr i pt i on f or a t er mwhi ch may ext end t o one year , or wi t h f i ne, or wi t h bot h. ]
1*[ Of cur r ency- not es and bank- not es
489A.
Count er f ei t i ng cur r ency- not es or bank- not es.
489A. Count er f ei t i ng cur r ency- not es or bank- not es. - - Whoever count er f ei t s, or knowi ngl y per f or ms any par t of t he pr ocess of count er f ei t i ng, any cur r ency- not e or bank- not e, shal l be puni shed wi t h 2*[ i mpr i sonment f or l i f e] , or wi t h i mpr i sonment of ei t her descr i pt i on f or a t er m whi ch may ext end t o t en year s, and shal l al so be l i abl e t o f i ne.
Expl anat i on. - For t he pur poses of t hi s sect i on and of sect i ons 489B, 3*[ 489C, 489D and 489E] , t he expr essi on " bank- not e" means a pr omi ssor y not e or engagement f or t he payment of money t o bear er on demand i ssued by any per son car r yi ng on t he busi ness of banki ng i n any par t of t he wor l d, or i ssued by or under t he aut hor i t y of any St at e or Sover ei gn Power , and i nt ended t o be used as equi val ent t o, or as a subst i t ut e f or money.
489B.
Usi ng as genui ne, f or ged or count er f ei t cur r ency- not es or bank- not es.
489B. Usi ng as genui ne, f or ged or count er f ei t cur r ency- not es or bank- not es. - - Whoever sel l s t o, or buys or r ecei ves f r om, any ot her per son, or ot her wi se t r af f i cs i n or uses as genui ne, any f or ged or count er f ei t cur r ency- not e or bank- not e, knowi ng or havi ng r eason t o bel i eve t he same t o be f or ged or count er f ei t , shal l be puni shed wi t h 2 *[ i mpr i sonment f or l i f e] , or wi t h i mpr i sonment of ei t her descr i pt i on f or a t er mwhi ch may ext end t o t en year s, and shal l al so be l i abl e t o f i ne. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1. Ss. 489A t o 489D wer e i ns. by Act 12 of 1899, s. 2
2. Subs. by Act 26 of 1955, s. 117 and Sch. , f or " t r anspor t at i on f or l i f e" .
3. Subs. by Act 35 of 1950, s. 3 and Sch. , I I , f or " 489C and 489D" .
210
489C.
Possessi on of f or ged or count er f ei t cur r ency- not es or bank- not e.
489C. Possessi on of f or ged or count er f ei t cur r ency- not es or bank- not es. - Whoever has i n hi s possessi on any f or ged or count er f ei t cur r ency- not e or bank- not e, knowi ng or havi ng r eason t o bel i eve t he same t o be f or ged or count er f ei t and i nt endi ng t o use t he same as genui ne or t hat i t may be used as genui ne, shal l be puni shed wi t h i mpr i sonment of ei t her descr i pt i on f or a t er mwhi ch may ext end t o seven year s, or wi t h f i ne, or wi t h bot h.
489D.
Maki ng or possessi ng i nst r ument s or mat er i al s f or f or gi ng or count er f ei t i ng cur r ency not es or bank- not es.
489D. Maki ng or possessi ng i nst r ument s or mat er i al s f or f or gi ng or count er f ei t i ng cur r ency not es or bank- not es. - - Whoever makes, or per f or ms any par t of t he pr ocess of maki ng, or buys of sel l s or di sposes of , or has i n hi s possessi on, any machi ner y, i nst r ument of mat er i al f or t he pur pose of bei ng used, or knowi ng or havi ng r eason t o bel i eve t hat i t i s i nt ended t o be used, f or f or gi ng or count er f ei t i ng any cur r ency- not e or bank- not e, shal l be puni shed wi t h 1 *[ i mpr i sonment f or l i f e] , or wi t h i mpr i sonment of ei t her descr i pt i on f or a t er mwhi ch may ext end t o t en year s, and shal l al so be l i abl e t o f i ne. ]
489E.
Maki ng or usi ng document s r esembl i ng cur r ency- not es or bank- not es.
2*[ 489E. Maki ng or usi ng document s r esembl i ng cur r ency- not es or bank- not es. - - ( 1) Whoever makes, or causes t o be made, or uses f or any pur pose what soever , or del i ver s t o any per son, any document pur por t i ng t o be, or i n any way r esembl i ng, or so near l y r esembl i ng as t o be cal cul at ed t o decei ve, any cur r ency- not e or bank- not e shal l be puni shed wi t h f i ne whi ch may ext end t o one hundr ed r upees.
( 2) I f any per son, whose name appear s on a document t he maki ng of whi ch i s an of f ence under sub- sect i on ( 1) , r ef uses, wi t hout l awf ul excuse, t o di scl ose t o a pol i ce- of f i cer on bei ng so r equi r ed t he name and addr ess of t he per son by whomi t was pr i nt ed or ot her wi se made, he shal l be puni shed wi t h f i ne whi ch may ext end t o t wo hundr ed r upees.
( 3) Wher e t he name of any per son appear s on any document i n r espect of whi ch any per son i s char ged wi t h an of f ence under sub- sect i on ( 1) or on any ot her document used or di st r i but ed i n connect i on wi t h t hat document i t may, unt i l t he cont r ar y i s pr oved, be pr esumed t hat t hat per son caused t he document t o be made. ]
CHAPTER XI X
OF THE CRI MI NAL BREACH OF CONTRACTS OF SERVI CE
CHAPTER XI X
OF THE CRI MI NAL BREACH OF CONTRACTS OF SERVI CE
490.
490. [ Pr each of cont r act of ser vi ce dur i ng voyage or j our ney. ] Rep. by t he Wor kmen' s Br each of Cont r act ( Repeal i ng) Act , 1925 ( 3 of 1925) , s. 2 and Sch.
491.
Br each of cont r act t o at t end on and suppl y want s of hel pl ess per son.
491. Br each of cont r act t o at t end on and suppl y want s of hel pl ess per son. - - Whoever , bei ng bound by a l awf ul cont r act t o at t end on or t o suppl y t he want s of any per son who, by r eason of yout h, or of unsoundness of mi nd, or of a di sease or bodi l y weakness, i s hel pl ess or i ncapabl e of pr ovi di ng f or hi s own saf et y or of suppl yi ng hi s own want s, vol unt ar i l y omi t s so t o do, shal l be puni shed wi t h i mpr i sonment of ei t her descr i pt i on f or a t er mwhi ch may ext end t o t hr ee mont hs, or wi t h f i ne whi ch may ext end t o t wo hundr ed r upees, or wi t h bot h.
492.
492. [ Br each of cont r act t o ser ve at di st ant pl ace t o whi ch ser vant i s conveyed at mast er ' s expense. ] Rep. by t he Wor kmen' s Br each of Cont r act ( Repeal i ng) Act , 1925 ( 3 of 1925) , s. 2 and Sch. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1. Subs. by Act 26 of 1955, s. 117 and Sch. , f or " t r anspor t at i on f or l i f e" .
2. S. 489E was i ns. by Act 6 of 1943, s. 2.
211
CHAPTER XX
OF OFFENCES RELATI NG TO MARRI AGE
CHAPTER XX
OF OFFENCES RELATI NG TO MARRI AGE
493.
Cohabi t at i on caused by a man decei t f ul l y i nduci ng a bel i ef of l awf ul mar r i age.
493. Cohabi t at i on caused by a man decei t f ul l y i nduci ng a bel i ef of l awf ul mar r i age. - - Ever y man who by decei t causes any woman who i s not l awf ul l y mar r i ed t o hi mt o bel i eve t hat she i s l awf ul l y mar r i ed t o hi mand t o cohabi t or have sexual i nt er cour se wi t h hi mi n t hat bel i ef , shal l be puni shed wi t h i mpr i sonment of ei t her descr i pt i on f or a t er m whi ch may ext end t o t en year s, and shal l al so be l i abl e t o f i ne.
494.
Mar r yi ng agai n dur i ng l i f et i me of husband or wi f e.
494. Mar r yi ng agai n dur i ng l i f et i me of husband or wi f e. - - Whoever , havi ng a husband or wi f e l i vi ng, mar r i es i n any case i n whi ch such mar r i age i s voi d by r eason of i t s t aki ng pl ace dur i ng t he l i f e of such husband or wi f e, shal l be puni shed wi t h i mpr i sonment of ei t her descr i pt i on f or a t er mwhi ch may ext end t o seven year s, and shal l al so be l i abl e t o f i ne.
Except i on. - Thi s sect i on does not ext end t o any per son whose mar r i age wi t h such husband or wi f e has been decl ar ed voi d by a Cour t of compet ent j ur i sdi ct i on,
nor t o any per son who cont r act s a mar r i age dur i ng t he l i f e of a f or mer husband or wi f e, i f such husband or wi f e, at t he t i me of t he subsequent mar r i age, shal l have been cont i nual l y absent f r om such per son f or t he space of seven year s, and shal l not have been hear d of by such per son as bei ng al i ve wi t hi n t hat t i me pr ovi ded t he per son cont r act i ng such subsequent mar r i age shal l , bef or e such mar r i age t akes pl ace, i nf or m t he per son wi t h whomsuch mar r i age i s cont r act ed of t he r eal st at e of f act s so f ar as t he same ar e wi t hi n hi s or her knowl edge.
495.
Same of f ence wi t h conceal ment of f or mer mar r i age f r omper son wi t h whom subsequent mar r i age i s cont r act ed.
495. Same of f ence wi t h conceal ment of f or mer mar r i age f r omper son wi t h whom subsequent mar r i age i s cont r act ed. - - Whoever commi t s t he of f ence def i ned i n t he l ast pr ecedi ng sect i on havi ng conceal ed f r om t he per son wi t h whom t he subsequent mar r i age i s cont r act ed, t he f act of t he f or mer mar r i age, shal l be puni shed wi t h i mpr i sonment of ei t her descr i pt i on f or a t er m whi ch may ext end t o t en year s, and shal l al so be l i abl e t o f i ne.
496.
Mar r i age cer emony f r audul ent l y gone t hr ough wi t hout l awf ul mar r i age.
496. Mar r i age cer emony f r audul ent l y gone t hr ough wi t hout l awf ul mar r i age. - - Whoever , di shonest l y or wi t h a f r audul ent i nt ent i on, goes t hr ough t he cer emony of bei ng mar r i ed, knowi ng t hat he i s not t her eby l awf ul l y mar r i ed, shal l be puni shed wi t h i mpr i sonment of ei t her descr i pt i on f or a t er mwhi ch may ext end t o seven year s, and shal l al so be l i abl e t o f i ne.
497.
Adul t er y.
497. Adul t er y. - - Whoever has sexual i nt er cour se wi t h a per son who i s and whomhe knows or has r eason t o bel i eve t o be t he wi f e of anot her man, wi t hout t he consent or conni vance of t hat man, such sexual i nt er cour se not amount i ng t o t he of f ence of r ape, i s gui l t y of t he of f ence of adul t er y, and shal l be puni shed wi t h i mpr i sonment of ei t her descr i pt i on f or a t er mwhi ch may ext end t o f i ve year s, or wi t h f i ne, or wi t h bot h. I n such case t he wi f e shal l not be puni shabl e as an abet t or .
498.
Ent i ci ng or t aki ng away or det ai ni ng wi t h cr i mi nal i nt ent a mar r i ed woman.
498. Ent i ci ng or t aki ng away or det ai ni ng wi t h cr i mi nal i nt ent a mar r i ed woman. - - Whoever t akes or ent i ces away any woman who i s and whomhe knows or has r eason t o bel i eve t o be t he wi f e of any ot her man, f r om t hat man, or f r om any per son havi ng t he car e of her on behal f of t hat man, wi t h i nt ent t hat she may have i l l i ci t i nt er cour se wi t h any per son, or conceal s or det ai ns wi t h t hat i nt ent any such woman, shal l be puni shed wi t h i mpr i sonment of ei t her descr i pt i on f or a t er mwhi ch may ext end t o t wo year s, or wi t h f i ne, or wi t h bot h.
CHAPTER XXA
OF CRUELTY BY HUSBAND OR RELATI VES OF HUSBAND
1*[ CHAPTER XXA
OF CRUELTY BY HUSBAND OR RELATI VES OF HUSBAND
498A.
Husband or r el at i ve of husband of a woman subj ect i ng her t o cr uel t y.
498A. Husband or r el at i ve of husband of a woman subj ect i ng her t o cr uel t y. - - Whoever , bei ng t he husband or t he r el at i ve of t he husband of a woman, subj ect s such woman t o cr uel t y shal l be puni shed wi t h i mpr i sonment f or a t er mwhi ch may ext end t o t hr ee year s and shal l al so be l i abl e t o f i ne. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1. Chapt er XXA i nser t ed by Act 46 of 1983, s. 2.
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Expl anat i on. - For t he pur poses of t hi s sect i on, " cr uel t y" means-
( a) any wi l f ul conduct whi ch i s of such a nat ur e as i s l i kel y t o dr i ve t he woman t o commi t sui ci de or t o cause gr ave i nj ur y or danger t o l i f e, l i mb or heal t h ( whet her ment al or physi cal ) of t he woman; or
( b) har assment of t he woman wher e such har assment i s wi t h a vi ew t o coer ci ng her or any per son r el at ed t o her t o meet any unl awf ul demand f or any pr oper t y or val uabl e secur i t y or i s on account of f ai l ur e by her or any per son r el at ed t o her t o meet such demand. ]
CHAPTER XXI
OF DEFAMATI ON
CHAPTER XXI
OF DEFAMATI ON
499.
Def amat i on.
499. Def amat i on. - - Whoever by wor ds ei t her spoken or i nt ended t o be r ead, or by si gns or by vi si bl e r epr esent at i ons, makes or publ i shes any i mput at i on concer ni ng any per son i nt endi ng t o har m, or knowi ng or havi ng r eason t o bel i eve t hat such i mput at i on wi l l har m, t he r eput at i on of such per son, i s sai d, except i n t he cases her ei naf t er except ed, t o def ame t hat per son.
Expl anat i on 1. - I t may amount t o def amat i on t o i mput e anyt hi ng t o a deceased per son, i f t he i mput at i on woul d har mt he r eput at i on of t hat per son i f l i vi ng, and i s i nt ended t o be hur t f ul t o t he f el l i ngs of hi s f ami l y or ot her near r el at i ves.
Expl anat i on 2. - I t may amount t o def amat i on t o make an i mput at i on concer ni ng a company or an associ at i on or col l ect i on of per sons as such.
Expl anat i on 3. - An i mput at i on i n t he f or m of an al t er nat i ve or expr essed i r oni cal l y, may amount t o def amat i on.
Expl anat i on 4. - No i mput at i on i s sai d t o har m a per son' s r eput at i on, unl ess t hat i mput at i on di r ect l y or i ndi r ect l y, i n t he est i mat i on of ot her s, l ower s t he mor al or i nt el l ect ual char act er of t hat per son, or l ower s t he char act er of t hat per son i n r espect of hi s cast e or of hi s cal l i ng, or l ower s t he cr edi t of t hat per son, or causes i t t o be bel i eved t hat t he body of t hat per son i s i n a l ot hsome st at e, or i n a st at e gener al l y consi der ed as di sgr acef ul .
I l l ust r at i ons
( a) A says- " Z i s an honest man; he never st ol e B' s wat ch" , i nt endi ng t o cause i t t o be bel i eved t hat Z di d st eal B' s wat ch. Thi s i s def amat i on, unl ess i t f al l wi t hi n one of t he except i ons.
( b) A i s asked who st ol e B' s wat ch. A poi nt s t o Z, i nt endi ng t o cause i t t o be bel i eved t hat Z st ol e B' s wat ch. Thi s i s def amat i on, unl ess i t f al l wi t hi n one of t he except i ons.
( c) A dr aws a pi ct ur e of Z r unni ng away wi t h B' s wat ch, i nt endi ng i t t o be bel i eved t hat Z st ol e B' s wat ch. Thi s i s def amat i on, unl ess i t f al l wi t hi n one of t he except i ons.
Fi r st Except i on. - I mput at i on of t r ut h whi ch publ i c good r equi r es t o be made or publ i shed. - I t i s not def amat i on t o i mput e anyt hi ng whi ch i s t r ue concer ni ng any per son, i f i t be f or t he publ i c good t hat t he i mput at i on shoul d be made or publ i shed. Whet her or not i t i s f or t he publ i c good i s a quest i on of f act .
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Second Except i on. - Publ i c conduct of publ i c ser vant s. - I t i s not def amat i on t o expr ess i n good f ai t h any opi ni on what ever r espect i ng t he conduct of a publ i c ser vant i n t he di schar ge of hi s publ i c f unct i ons, or r espect i ng hi s char act er , so f ar as hi s char act er appear s i n t hat conduct , and no f ur t her .
Thi r d Except i on. - Conduct of any per son t ouchi ng any publ i c quest i on. - I t i s not def amat i on t o expr ess i n good f ai t h any opi ni on what ever r espect i ng t he conduct of any per son t ouchi ng any publ i c quest i on, and r espect i ng hi s char act er , so f ar as hi s char act er appear s i n t hat conduct , and no f ur t her .
I l l ust r at i on
I t i s not def amat i on i n A t o expr ess i n good f ai t h any opi ni on what ever r esept i ng Z' s conduct i n pet i t i oni ng Gover nment on a publ i c quest i on, i n si gni ng a r equi si t i on f or a meet i ng on a publ i c quest i on, i n pr esi di ng or at t endi ng at such meet i ng, i n f or mi ng or j oi ni ng any soci et y whi ch i nvi t es t he publ i c suppor t , i n vot i ng or canvassi ng f or a par t i cul ar candi dat e f or any si t uat i on i n t he ef f i ci ent di schar ge of t he dut i es of whi ch t he publ i c i s i nt er est ed.
Four t h Except i on. - Publ i cat i on of r epor t s of pr oceedi ngs of cour t s- I t i s not def amat i on t o publ i sh a subst ant i al l y t r ue r epor t of t he pr oceedi ngs of a Cour t of J ust i ce, or of t he r esul t of any such pr oceedi ngs.
Expl anat i on. - A J ust i ce of t he Peace or ot her of f i cer hol di ng an enqui r y i n open Cour t pr el i mi nar y t o a t r i al i n a Cour t of J ust i ce, i s a Cour t wi t hi n t he meani ng of t he above sect i on.
Fi f t h Except i on. - Mer i t s of case deci ded i n Cour t or conduct of wi t nesses and ot her s concer ned. I t i s not def amat i on t o expr ess i n good f ai t h any opi ni on what ever r espect i ng t he mer i t s of any case, ci vi l or cr i mi nal , whi ch has been deci ded by a Cour t of J ust i ce, or r espect i ng t he conduct of any per son as a par t y, wi t ness or agent , i n any such case, or r espect i ng t he char act er of such per son, as f ar as hi s char act er appear s i n t hat conduct , and no f ur t her .
I l l ust r at i ons
( a) A says- " I t hi nk Z' s evi dence on t hat t r i al i s so cont r adi ct or y t hat he must be st upi d or di shonest . " A i s wi t hi n t hi s except i on i f he says t hi s i n good f ai t h, i nasmuch as t he opi ni on whi ch he expr esses r espect s Z' s char act er as i t appear s i n Z' s conduct as a wi t ness, and no f ar t her .
( b) But i f A says- " I do not bel i eve what Z asser t ed at t hat t r i al because I know hi mt o be a man wi t hout ver aci t y" ; A i s not wi t hi n t hi s except i on, i nasmuch as t he opi ni on whi ch expr esses of Z' s char act er , i s an opi ni on not f ounded on Z' s conduct as a wi t ness.
Si xt h Except i on. - Mer i t s of publ i c per f or mance. - I t i s not def amat i on t o expr ess i n good f ai t h any opi ni on r espect i ng t he mer i t s of any per f or mance whi ch i t s aut hor has submi t t ed t o t he j udgment of t he publ i c, or r espect i ng t he char act er of t he aut hor so f ar as hi s char act er appear s i n such per f or mance, and no f ar t her .
Expl anat i on. - A per f or mance may be submi t t ed t o t he j udgment of t he publ i c expr essl y or by act s on t he par t of t he aut hor whi ch i mpl y such submi ssi on t o t he j udgment of t he publ i c.
I l l ust r at i ons
( a) A per son who publ i shes a book, submi t s t hat book t o t he j udgment of t he publ i c.
( b) A per son who makes a speech i n publ i c, submi t s t hat speech t o t he j udgment of t he publ i c.
( c) An act or or si nger who appear s on a publ i c st age, submi t s hi s act i ng or si ngi ng t o t he j udgment of t he publ i c.
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( d) A says of a book publ i shed by Z- " Z' s book i s f ool i sh; Z must be a weak man. Z' s book i s i ndecent ; Z must be a man of i mpur e mi nd. " A i s wi t hi n t he except i on, i f he says t hi s i n good f ai t h, i nasmuch as t he opi ni on whi ch he expr esses of Z r espect s Z' s char act er onl y so f ar as i t appear s i n Z' s book, and no f ur t her .
( e) But i f A says- " I am not sur pr i sed t hat Z' s book i s f ool i sh and i ndecent , f or he i s a weak man and a l i ber t i ne. " A i s not wi t hi n t hi s except i on, i nasmuch as t he opi ni on whi ch he expr esses of Z' s char act er i s an opi ni on not f ounded on Z' s book.
Sevent h Except i on. - Censur e passed i n good f ai t h by per son havi ng l awf ul aut hor i t y over anot her . - I t i s not def amat i on i n a per son havi ng over anot her any aut hor i t y, ei t her conf er r ed by l aw or ar i si ng out of a l awf ul cont r act made wi t h t hat ot her , t o pass i n good f ai t h any censur e on t he conduct of t hat ot her i n mat t er s t o whi ch such l awf ul aut hor i t y r el at es.
I l l ust r at i on
A J udge censur i ng i n good f ai t h t he conduct of a wi t ness, or of an of f i cer of t he Cour t ; a head of a depar t ment censur i ng i n good f ai t h t hose who ar e under hi s or der s; a par ent censur i ng i n good f ai t h a chi l d i n t he pr esence of ot her chi l dr en; a school mast er , whose aut hor i t y i s der i ved f r oma par ent , censur i ng i n good f ai t h a pupi l i n t he pr esence of ot her pupi l s; a mast er censur i ng a ser vant i n good f ai t h f or r emi ssness i n ser vi ce; a banker censur i ng i n good f ai t h t he cashi er of hi s bank f or t he conduct of such cashi er as such cashi er - ar e wi t hi n t hi s except i on.
Ei ght h Except i on. - Accusat i on pr ef er r ed i n good f ai t h t o aut hor i sed per son. - I t i s not def amat i on t o pr ef er i n good f ai t h an accusat i on agai nst any per son t o any of t hose who have l awf ul aut hor i t y over t hat per son wi t h r espect t o t he subj ect - mat t er of accusat i on.
I l l ust r at i on
I f A i n good f ai t h accuses Z bef or e a Magi st r at e; i f A i n good f ai t h compl ai ns of t he conduct of Z, a ser vant , t o Z' s mast er ; i f A i n good f ai t h compl ai ns of t he conduct of Z, a chi l d, t o Z' s f at her - A i s wi t hi n t hi s except i on.
Ni nt h Except i on. - I mput at i on made i n good f ai t h by per son f or pr ot ect i on of hi s or ot her ' s i nt er est s. - I t i s not def amat i on t o make an i mput at i on on t he char act er of anot her pr ovi ded t hat t he i mput at i on be made i n good f ai t h f or t he pr ot ect i on of t he i nt er est of t he per son maki ng i t , or of any ot her per son, or f or t he publ i c good.
I l l ust r at i ons
( a) A, a shopkeeper , says t o B, who manages hi s busi ness- " Sel l not hi ng t o Z unl ess he pays you r eady money, f or I have no opi ni on of hi s honest y. " A i s wi t hi n t he except i on, i f he has made t hi s i mput at i on on Z i n good f ai t h f or t he pr ot ect i on of hi s own i nt er est s.
( b) A, a Magi st r at e, i n maki ng a r epor t t o hi s own super i or of f i cer , cast s an i mput at i on on t he char act er of Z. Her e, i f t he i mput at i on i s made i n good f ai t h, and f or t he publ i c good, A i s wi t hi n t he except i on.
Tent h Except i on. - Caut i on i nt ended f or good of per son t o whom conveyed or f or publ i c good. - I t i s not def amat i on t o convey a caut i on, i n good f ai t h, t o one per son agai nst anot her , pr ovi ded t hat such caut i on be i nt ended f or t he good of t he per son t o whomi t i s conveyed, or of some per son i n whomt hat per son i s i nt er est ed, or f or t he publ i c good.
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500.
Puni shment f or def amat i on.
500. Puni shment f or def amat i on. - - Whoever def ames anot her shal l be puni shed wi t h si mpl e i mpr i sonment f or a t er mwhi ch may ext end t o t wo year s, or wi t h f i ne, or wi t h bot h.
501.
Pr i nt i ng or engr avi ng mat t er known t o be def amat or y.
501. Pr i nt i ng or engr avi ng mat t er known t o be def amat or y. - - Whoever pr i nt s or engr aves any mat t er , knowi ng or havi ng good r eason t o bel i eve t hat such mat t er i s def amat or y of any per son, shal l be puni shed wi t h si mpl e i mpr i sonment f or a t er mwhi ch may ext end t o t wo year s, or wi t h f i ne, or wi t h bot h.
502.
Sal e of pr i nt ed or engr aved subst ance cont ai ni ng def amat or y mat t er .
502. Sal e of pr i nt ed or engr aved subst ance cont ai ni ng def amat or y mat t er . - - Whoever sel l s or of f er s f or sal e any pr i nt ed or engr aved subst ance cont ai ni ng def amat or y mat t er , knowi ng t hat i t cont ai ns such mat t er , shal l be puni shed wi t h si mpl e i mpr i sonment f or a t er mwhi ch may ext end t o t wo year s, or wi t h f i ne, or wi t h bot h.
CHAPTER XXI I
OF CRI MI NAL I NTI MI DATI ON, I NSULT AND ANNOYANCE
CHAPTER XXI I
OF CRI MI NAL I NTI MI DATI ON, I NSULT AND ANNOYANCE
503.
Cr i mi nal i nt i mi dat i on.
503. Cr i mi nal i nt i mi dat i on. - - Whoever t hr eat ens anot her wi t h any i nj ur y t o hi s per son, r eput at i on or pr oper t y, or t o t he per son or r eput at i on of any one i n whomt hat per son i s i nt er est ed, wi t h i nt ent t o cause al ar mt o t hat per son, or t o cause t hat per son t o do any act whi ch he i s not l egal l y bound t o do, or t o omi t t o do any act whi ch t hat per son i s l egal l y ent i t l ed t o do, as t he means of avoi di ng t he execut i on of such t hr eat , commi t s cr i mi nal i nt i mi dat i on.
Expl anat i on. - A t hr eat t o i nj ur e t he r eput at i on of any deceased per son i n whomt he per son t hr eat ened i s i nt er est ed, i s wi t hi n t hi s sect i on.
I l l ust r at i on
A, f or t he pur pose of i nduci ng B t o r esi st f r ompr osecut i ng a ci vi l sui t , t hr eat ens t o bur n B' s house. A i s gui l t y of cr i mi nal i nt i mi dat i on.
504.
I nt ent i onal i nsul t wi t h i nt ent t o pr ovoke br each of t he peace.
504. I nt ent i onal i nsul t wi t h i nt ent t o pr ovoke br each of t he peace. - - Whoever i nt ent i onal l y i nsul t s, and t her eby gi ves pr ovocat i on t o any per son, i nt endi ng or knowi ng i t t o be l i kel y t hat such pr ovocat i on wi l l cause hi mt o br eak t he publ i c peace, or t o commi t any ot her of f ence, shal l be puni shed wi t h i mpr i sonment of ei t her descr i pt i on f or a t er mwhi ch may ext end t o t wo year s, or wi t h f i ne, or wi t h bot h.
505.
St at ement s conduci ng publ i c mi schi ef .
1*[ 505. St at ement s conduci ng publ i c mi schi ef . - - 2*[ ( 1) ] Whoever makes, publ i shes or ci r cul at es any st at ement , r umour or r epor t , -
( a) wi t h i nt ent t o cause, or whi ch i s l i kel y t o cause, any of f i cer , sol di er , 3*[ sai l or or ai r man] i n t he Ar my, 4*[ Navy or Ai r For ce] 5*[ of I ndi a] t o mut i ny or ot her wi se di sr egar d or f ai l i n hi s dut y as such; or
( b) wi t h i nt ent t o cause, or whi ch i s l i kel y t o cause, f ear or al ar m t o t he publ i c, or t o any sect i on of t he publ i c wher eby any per son may be i nduced t o commi t an of f ence agai nst t he St at e or agai nst t he publ i c t r anqui l i t y; or - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1. Subs. by Act 4 of 1898, s. 6, f or t he or i gi nal sect i on.
2. Renumber ed by Act 35 of 1969, s. 3.
3. Subs. by Act 10 of 1927, s. 2 and Such. I , f or " or sai l or " .
4. Subs. by s. 2 and Sch. i . i bi d. , f or " or navy" .
5. Subs. by t he A. O. 1950, f or " of Her Maj est y or i n t he I mper i al Ser vi ce Tr oops" . The wor ds " or i n t he Royal I ndi an Mar i ne" occur r i ng af t er t he wor d " Maj est y" wer e r ep. by Act 35 of 1934.
216
( c) wi t h i nt ent t o i nci t e, or whi ch i s l i kel y t o i nci t e, any cl ass or communi t y of per sons t o commi t any of f ence agai nst any ot her cl ass or communi t y,
shal l be puni shed wi t h i mpr i sonment whi ch may ext end t o 1*[ t hr ee year s] , or wi t h f i ne, or wi t h bot h.
2*[ ( 2) St at ement s cr eat i ng or pr omot i ng enmi t y, hat r ed or i l l - wi l l bet ween cl asses. - - Whoever makes, publ i shes or ci r cul at es any st at ement or r epor t cont ai ni ng r umour or al ar mi ng news wi t h i nt ent t o cr eat e or pr omot e, or whi ch i s l i kel y t o cr eat e or pr omot e, on gr ounds of r el i gi on, r ace, pl ace of bi r t h, r esi dence, l anguage, cast e or communi t y or any ot her gr ound what soever , f eel i ngs of enmi t y, hat r ed or i l l - wi l l bet ween di f f er ent r el i gi ous, r aci al , l anguage or r egi onal gr oups or cast es or communi t i es, shal l be puni shed wi t h i mpr i sonment whi ch may ext end t o t hr ee year s, or wi t h f i ne, or wi t h bot h.
( 3) Of f ence under sub- sect i on ( 2) commi t t ed i n pl ace of wor shi p, et c. - - Whoever commi t s an of f ence speci f i ed i n sub- sect i on ( 2) i n any pl ace of wor shi p or i n any assembl y engaged i n t he per f or mance of r el i gi ous wor shi p or r el i gi ous cer emoni es, shal l be puni shed wi t h i mpr i sonment whi ch may ext end t o f i ve year s and shal l al so be l i abl e t o f i ne. ]
Except i on. - I t does not amount t o an of f ence, wi t hi n t he meani ng of t hi s sect i on, when t he per son maki ng, publ i shi ng or ci r cul at i ng any such st at ement , r umour or r epor t , has r easonabl e gr ounds f or bel i evi ng t hat such st at ement , r umour or r epor t i s t r ue and makes, publ i shes or ci r cul at es i t 2[ i n good f ai t h and] wi t hout any such i nt ent as af or esai d. ]
506.
Puni shment f or cr i mi nal i nt i mi dat i on.
506. Puni shment f or cr i mi nal i nt i mi dat i on. - - Whoever commi t s t he of f ence of cr i mi nal i nt i mi dat i on shal l be puni shed wi t h i mpr i sonment of ei t her descr i pt i on f or a t er m whi ch may ext end t o t wo year s, or wi t h f i ne, or wi t h bot h;
I f t hr eat be t o cause deat h or gr i evous hur t , et c.
I f t hr eat be t o cause deat h or gr i evous hur t , et c. - - and i f t he t hr eat be t o cause deat h or gr i evous hur t , or t o cause t he dest r uct i on of any pr oper t y by f i r e, or t o cause an of f ence puni shabl e wi t h deat h or 3*[ i mpr i sonment f or l i f e] , of wi t h i mpr i sonment f or a t er mwhi ch may ext end t o seven year s, or t o i mput e unchast i t y t o a woman, shal l be puni shed wi t h i mpr i sonment of ei t her descr i pt i on f or a t er mwhi ch may ext end t o seven year s, or wi t h f i ne, or wi t h bot h.
507.
Cr i mi nal i nt i mi dat i on by an anonymous communi cat i on.
507. Cr i mi nal i nt i mi dat i on by an anonymous communi cat i on. - - Whoever commi t s t he of f ence of cr i mi nal i nt i mi dat i on by an anonymous communi cat i on, or havi ng t aken pr ecaut i on t o conceal t he name or abode of t he per son f r om whomt he t hr eat comes, shal l be puni shed wi t h i mpr i sonment of ei t her descr i pt i on f or a t er mwhi ch may ext end t o t wo year s, i n addi t i on t o t he puni shment pr ovi ded f or t he of f ence by t he l ast pr ecedi ng sect i on.
508.
Act caused by i nduci ng per son t o bel i eve t hat he wi l l be r ender ed an obj ect of t he Di vi ne di spl easur e.
508. Act caused by i nduci ng per son t o bel i eve t hat he wi l l be r ender ed an obj ect of t he Di vi ne di spl easur e. - - Whoever vol unt ar i l y causes or at t empt s t o cause any per son t o do anyt hi ng whi ch t hat per son i s not l egal l y bound t o do, or t o omi t t o do anyt hi ng whi ch he i s l egal l y ent i t l ed t o do, by i nduci ng or at t empt i ng t o i nduce t hat per son t o bel i eve t hat he or any per son i n whomhe i s i nt er est ed wi l l become or wi l l be r ender ed by some act of t he of f ender an obj ect of Di vi ne di spl easur e i f he does not do t he t hi ng whi ch i t i s t he obj ect of t he of f ender t o cause hi mt o do, or i f he does t he t hi ng whi ch i t i s t he obj ect of t he of f ender t o cause hi mt o omi t , shal l be puni shed wi t h i mpr i sonment of ei t her descr i pt i on f or a t er mwhi ch may ext end t o one year , or wi t h f i ne, or wi t h bot h. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1. Subs. by Act 41 of 1961, s. 4, f or " t wo year s" .
2. I ns. by Act 35 of 1969, s. 3.
3. Subs. by Act 26 of 1955, s. 117 and Sch. , f or " t r anspor t at i on" .
217
I l l ust r at i ons
( a) A si t s dhur na at Z' s door wi t h t he i nt ent i on of causi ng i t t o be bel i eved t hat , by so si t t i ng, he r ender s Z an obj ect of Di vi ne di spl easur e. A has commi t t ed t he of f ence def i ned i n t hi s sect i on.
( b) A t hr eat ens Z t hat , unl ess Z per f or ms a cer t ai n act , A wi l l ki l l one of A' s own chi l dr en, under such ci r cumst ances t hat t he ki l l i ng woul d be bel i eved t o r ender Z an obj ect of Di vi ne di spl easur e. A has commi t t ed t he of f ence def i ned i n t hi s sect i on.
509.
Wor d, gest ur e or act i nt ended t o i nsul t t he modest y of a woman.
509. Wor d, gest ur e or act i nt ended t o i nsul t t he modest y of a woman. - - Whoever , i nt endi ng t o i nsul t t he modest y of any woman, ut t er s any wor d, makes any sound or gest ur e, or exhi bi t s any obj ect , i nt endi ng t hat such wor d or sound shal l be hear d, or t hat such gest ur e or obj ect shal l be seen, by such woman, or i nt r udes upon t he pr i vacy of such woman, shal l be puni shed wi t h si mpl e i mpr i sonment f or a t er m whi ch may ext end t o one year , or wi t h f i ne, or wi t h bot h.
510.
Mi sconduct i n publ i c by a dr unken per son.
510. Mi sconduct i n publ i c by a dr unken per son. - - Whoever , i n a st at e of i nt oxi cat i on, appear s i n any publ i c pl ace, or i n any pl ace whi ch i t i s a t r espass i n hi mt o ent er , and t her e conduct s hi msel f i n such a manner as t o cause annoyance t o any per son, shal l be puni shed wi t h si mpl e i mpr i sonment f or a t er m whi ch may ext end t o t went y- f our hour s, or wi t h f i ne whi ch may ext end t o t en r upees, or wi t h bot h.
CHAPTER XXI I I
OF ATTEMPTS TO COMMI T OFFENCES
CHAPTER XXI I I
OF ATTEMPTS TO COMMI T OFFENCES
511.
Puni shment f or at t empt i ng t o commi t of f ences puni shabl e wi t h i mpr i sonment f or l i f e or ot her i mpr i sonment .
511. Puni shment f or at t empt i ng t o commi t of f ences puni shabl e wi t h i mpr i sonment f or l i f e or ot her i mpr i sonment . - - Whoever at t empt s t o commi t an of f ence puni shabl e by t hi s Code wi t h 1*[ i mpr i sonment f or l i f e] or i mpr i sonment , or t o cause such an of f ence t o be commi t t ed, and i n such at t empt does any act t owar ds t he commi ssi on of t he of f ence, shal l , wher e no expr ess pr ovi si on i s made by t hi s Code f or t he puni shment of such at t empt , be puni shed wi t h 2*[ i mpr i sonment o f any descr i pt i on pr ovi ded f or t he of f ence, f or a t er mwhi ch may ext end t o one- hal f of t he i mpr i sonment f or l i f e or , as t he case may be, one- hal f of t he l ongest t er mof i mpr i sonment pr ovi ded f or t hat of f ence] , or wi t h such f i ne as i s pr ovi ded f or t he of f ence, or wi t h bot h.
I l l ust r at i ons
( a) A makes an at t empt t o st eal some j ewel s by br eaki ng open a box, and f i nds af t er so openi ng t he box, t hat t her e i s no j ewel i n i t . He has done an act t owar ds t he commi ssi on of t hef t , and t her ef or e i s gui l t y under t hi s sect i on.
( b) A makes an at t empt t o pi ck t he pocket of Z by t hr ust i ng hi s hand i nt o Z' s pocket . A f ai l s i n t he at t empt i n consequence of Z' s havi ng not hi ng i n hi s pocket . A i s gui l t y under t hi s sect i on. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1. Subs. by Act 26 of 1955, s. 117 and Sch. , f or " t r anspor t at i on" . 2. Subs. by s. 117 and Sch. , i bi d. , f or cer t ai n wor ds.