Blood Chemistry

ROCHEE PARAON BENITO, RN

St. Jude College of Nursing

Areas Covered
Blood
Blood Composition
Plasma
Red Blood Cells
Hemoglobin
White Blood Cells
Blood Types
Donation/Receiving
Blood Bank
Blood
Carries oxygen
to tissues in
the body

Carries waste
products to the
lungs

Food is
processed and
delivered to
the tissues by
the blood.

Fend off
infection and
fight disease

Carries the
means for
stopping itself
from leaking
out of the body
after an injury.
Blood Composition
The normal Adult range of
blood composition should be:
Sodium 311-336 mg/dL
Potassium 13.7-21.5
mg/dL
Chloride 337-386 mg/dL
Carbon Dioxide 97-141
mg/dL
Calcium 8.5-10.3 mg/dL
Phosphorous 2.5-4.5
mg/dL

Plasma
Plasma consists
predominantly of
water and salts.

The pH of plasma
controlled by the
kidneys neutral
range of 6.8 to
7.7.

Plasma is usually
yellow in color
due to proteins
dissolved in it.

About 55 percent
of blood
composed
Red Blood Cells
Primary function is
to carry oxygen
from the lungs to
every cell in the
body.

Red blood cells are
composed of
hemoglobin

Captures oxygen
molecules as the
blood moves
through the lungs,
giving blood its red
color.

Red blood cells
make up almost 45
percent of the blood
volume.
Hemoglobin
Gives blood its
red color

Carries oxygen
from the lungs
to body cells.

After releasing
oxygen to the
body tissues,
reverses its
function and
picks up
carbon dioxide,
the waste
product of
cellular
respiration, for
transport to
the lungs,
where it is
expired.






Hemoglobin cont.
In 1996
scientists
discovered that
hemoglobin
takes up and
releases a third
gas, nitric oxide.

Controls the
expansion and
contraction of
blood vessels

Contained
entirely in the
red blood cells,

Amounting for
perhaps 35
percent of red
blood cell
weight.
Hemoglobin Cont.
A deficiency
caused by a
lack of iron in
the body leads
to anemia.

Carries 20
times its
volume of
oxygen.

Life of 120
days

White Blood Cells
Make up about
1 percent of
blood

Primary
defense
mechanism
against
invading
bacteria,
viruses, fungi,
and parasites.

Produce
antibodies,
which are
released into
the circulating
blood to target
and attach to
foreign
organisms.

Blood Types
If the red
blood cell had
only "A"
molecules on
it, that blood
was called
type A.

Same only
with a B

Mixture of both
blood
molecules is
called type AB.
Blood Types Cont.
Red blood cell
with neither
molecule, are
called type O.

If two different
blood types
are mixed
together, the
blood cells
may begin to
clump together
in the blood
vessels,
causing a
potentially
fatal situation.

Type O blood
can be given
because it
most likely to
be accepted by
all blood types.

Donating/Receiving
o A person with type A positive blood
can donate to a person with type AB
positive or type A positive blood but
can receive type A+, A-, O+ or O-
blood.

A person with type B negative blood
can donate to a person with type AB+,
AB-, B+ or B- blood but can only
receive type O-or B- blood

A person with type AB positive blood
can donate to a person with type AB+
blood only, but can receive from all
blood types.

A person with type O negative blood
can donate to all types of blood but
can receive only type O- blood.

Blood Bank
Red Cross, known as blood banks

Collect, store, and distribute blood
and blood products for
transfusions.

Tests blood it for the presence of
disease-causing organisms such as
HIV and AIDS

Generally involves giving about
400 to 500 ml (about 1 pt) of
blood, which is only about 7
percent of a persons total blood.
Conclusion
Blood
Blood Composition
Plasma
Red Blood Cells
Hemoglobin
White Blood Cells
Blood Types
Donation/Receiving
Blood Bank
Bibliography
Cellmate Wellness Systems
(199602002). Blood chemistry
definitions. Retrieved March 15,
2003 from , Web site:
http://www.carbonbased.com/cb
cblood.htm

Encyclopedia Britannica. (2003).
Blood: Path of a red blood cell.
Retrieved April 14, 2003 from Web
site:
http://search.eb.com/search?ct=
vastvideo&query=blood&submit.x
=
13&submit.y=8

Hemoglobin," Microsoft
Encarta Encyclopedia 2000. _
1993-1999 Microsoft Corporation.
All rights reserved.