Idle

Idle mode
operation
1

:
1. IDLE Mode tasks overview
2. IDs and ID Codes , Frequencies
3. PLMN selection
4. Cell selection and cell reselection
yC1 Algorithm
yC2 Algorithm
5. Location Area Management (as in Radio Resource Management)
yLocation Updates
yTime Periodic Location Update
6. IMSI Attach/Detach

 MS : Idle
Ms Idle :
( `Performing PLMN Selection` PLMN
( ``Cell Selection / Reselection
C1 Algorithm
C2 Algorithm
( ` ` location update
) ( New Location Area.

MS Idle .
( MS PLMN
.
MS ( BTS
) (System Information .
MS ( ) (Paging .
MS ( BTS
) BTS ( .
( MS CBCH .
4

 : PLMN
MS PLMN .

MS
.

MS PLMN .
MS
PLMN MS PLMN
.
MS .
:
PLMN NCC
BSIC SCH .
5

 : PLMN

PLMN :
( :

) MS (No Service Area PLMN
.
( :
MS
PLMN .
MS
. PLMN

)
( .
6

Idle
Mode
Operation

Camping on a Cell: Motivation

indication
manual mode to user

PLMN selection
and reselection

NAS control

radio
measurements

PLMN
selected
PLMN
available

cell selection
and reselection

registration
area changes

automatic mode

CM requests

location
registration
location
registration
response

Idle mode tasks:

PLMN selection and
reselection;
Cell selection and reselection;
Location registration.

Idle
Mode
Operation

PLMN Selection
in automatic PLMN selection operation mode

Switch on
Last registered
PLMN or
equivalent PLMN
Home PLMN
User controlled
PLMN list
Operator controlled
PLMN list
Other PLMNs with
RATs the MS8is
capable of

 9 : (ACC) ( 0 ~ 9 , 11 ~ 15 ) Not allowed access classes

0 9 11 15
.

.
9 ~ 0 15 ~ 11
.
Personalize .
9 : (PLMN) ( 0 ~ 7) PLMN Permitted
0 7
BCCH MS MS .
PLMN
PLMN.
NCC BSIC
.
9

 : PLMN
GSM :
- :
MCC: Mobile Country Code
) ( 0 ~ 999
MNC: Mobile Network Code
) ( 0 ~ 999
LAC: Location Area Code
) ( 0 ~ 65535
)MCC e.g IRAN ( 432
&
)MNC e.g TCI ( 11
- :

) BSIC: Base Station Identity Code ( 0 ~ 63

BSIC BTS MS BTS
BCC ( PLMN Identity ) NCC
.
10

BSIC = NCC + BCC

 BSIC .
BCC .

11

ID's and ID Codes

Idle
Mode
Operation

Parameter

Value

LAI (locationAreaId)
MCC (Mobile Country Code)
MNC (Mobile Network Code)
LAC (Location Area Code)

0 999
0 99
0 65535

BSIC (bsIdentityCode)
NCC (Network Colour Code)
BCC (BTS Colour Code)

07
07

CI (cell-ID)

0 65535

TSC (trainingSequenceCode)

07

CGI (Cell Global Identity)

MCC + MNC + LAC + CI

12

 ` `: Cell Selection
:
MS Idle
PLMN .
MS
)( .
.
03.22

13

GSM 05 . 08 ETSI :Ts 123122 .

Cell 1

Cell 2

1) MS Switch ON
Cell selection

2) Cell Reselection

Cell selection area

MS


Cell 3
14

 :
MS
BCCH GSM 900 DCS 1800 .
MS GSM 900
) ( 124 ( 374 ) DCS 1800 .
MS
.
:

)AV_RXLEV = 1/5(RXLEV1+RXLEV2+RXLEV5

15

Idle
Mode
Operation

Path loss Criterion C1 for Cell

Selection and Reselection

C1 = A max(B,0)
= RLA_C RXLEV_ACCESS_MIN max(MS_TXPWR_MAX_CCH P , 0)

0..63
I am
outside

I am inside,
but have not
enough power

0..31

0)
,
(B
x
ma
16

 :
MS

.
C1 C2 .
:
:
( PLMN ) ( .
(2 .
Cell_BAR_Access=NO .
( LA .
( C! > 0.

17

 : .
(a .
(b BCCH
)( .
MS ,
MS BCCH
. MS MS

) ( MS
.

18

: C1
LA C1
.
MS
. C1>0
C1 = (A - Max(B,0))
A = Received Level Average - p1
B = p2 - Maximum RF Output Power of the Mobile Station
p1 = rxLevelAccessMin
Min. received level at the MS required
for access to the system
p2 = msTxPowerMaxCCH Max. Tx power level an MS may use
when accessing the system
19

20

 :
C1 DL UL
. C1 UL
DL
DL
MS RACH UL .
:
) AV_RXLEV > ( RXLEV_ACCESS_MIN + MAX (0 , MS_TXPWR_MAX_CCH P

Strong Mobile : P = 2 watt P > MS_TXPWR_MAX_CCH ,

AV_RXLEV > RXLEV_ACCESS_MIN
Wake Mobile : P = 0.5 watt P < MS_TXPWR_MAX_CCH ,
AV_RXLEV > RXLEV_ACCESS_MIN + MAX (0 ,
) MS_TXPWR_MAX_CCH P
21

 (P) MS :

22

 : (RXP) (-110 ~ -47 dbm ) RXLEV_ACCess MIN

-110 dbm -47
MS Idle
.
HO Call setup
.
Overlap

) . LA ( .
GSM 900 MHZ dBm - .

23

 0 ~ 63
:

:
(L_RXLEV_HO)HO .

24

 : (TXP1 , TXP2) (5 ~ 39 dBm ) MS_TXPWR_MAX_CCH

) (5 ~ 39 dBm GSM 900 ) (0 ~ 30 dBm GSM 1800 ,
MS .
MS UL :
(a MS )(P
MS RACH
(b
.
) (Random Access Procedure
) (Cell selection .
MS
,
MS .
25

 MS GSM 05.05

26

 : (YES / NO ) Cell Barred Access

. MS Cell Barred
Yes , .
MS , Barred
, ,
. HO
.
Cell Barred
GPS-satelite

Existing Layer
Barred, No
New Microcell Layer
Barred, Yes

NMS/X 5.24

Easy to test new Microcells with NMS/X 5.24 with Nokia 2110 Mobile
27

 :(Yes / No ) Emergency Call Restricted

MS ,
MS .
Acceptable Cell ,
C1> 0.

28

 : ( 0 ~ 14 dB ) Cell Reselect Hystersis

MS Idle
LA .
Ping - Pong LU .
LA C1
, C1
.
:
:
(a

< )C1(Serving Cell)+Cell_Reselect_Hystersis(ServingCell

) C1(Suitable Neighbor Cell

LU .

(b
.
7 ~ 0 2dB
.

29

(HYS)( 0 ~ 14 dB ) Cell Reselect Hystersis

Cell 1
LAC X

Cell selection area

Cell 2
LAC Y
30

31

 :(QUA) ( Yes / No ) Cell Bar Qualify

MS ,
Cell-Bar_Qualify 0 (YES / NO) 1 ,
:
Cell_Bar_Qualify =0 Normal Priority Cell
Cell_Bar_Qualify =1 Lowp Priority Cell
MS ,
, .

32

( Low priority Cell ) umberla cell

Small
Cell

Small
Cell

( Normal priority Cell )

33

Example for Cell Selection Procedure

CBQ = 1 (Low)
C1 = 50

CBQ = 1 (Low)
C1 = 30
GSM 900

Cell A

Cell B

Moving MS

CBQ = 0 (Normal)
C1 = 10
GSM 1800

Cell A

camps
on
cell B
1800

CBQ = 0 (Normal)
C1 = 20
Cell B

34

States and State Transition for Cell Selection

Idle
Mode
Operation

go here whenever a
new PLMN is selected
no BA list stored
for PLMN

2
Normal
cell
selection

BA list stored
for PLMN

suitable cell found

no suitable
cell found
Choose
cell
Return to
idle mode
Connect
ed
mode
no suitable cell found

Stored list
cell
selection

no suitable cell found

suitable cell found

Leave
Idle mode

suitable cell found

Camped
normally

trigger
Suitable cell
re-selected

IMSI unknown
Illegal MS
PLMN not allowed

Normal
cell reselection
no suitable
cell found
2

(adopted from TS 43.022 V5.1.0 chap. 6)

35

Idle
Mode
Operation

States and State Transition for Cell Selection

go here when no SIM in MS

SIM inserted in MS
Any cell
selection

no suitable
cell found

no suitable
cell found

cell found

Choose
cell
return to
idle mode
Connected mode
(emergency call
only)

suitable cell found

leave
idle
mode

Camped
on
any cell

trigger
cell
re-selected

Any
cell reselection

cell found
on selected
PLMN
(adopted from TS 43.022 V5.1.0 chap. 6)

36

Normal Cell Selection

Search all the RF channels, take samples during
3-5 s and calculate averages. And put them in
ascending order with respect to signal level.
Then tune to the strongest RF channel.

Search for the frequency correction burst in that

carrier in order to verify if it is a BCCH carrier

Idle
Mode
Operation

Tune to the next highest

RF channel which is not
tried before

No

Is it a BCCH
carrier?
Yes

Try to synchronize to the carrier and read

the BCCH data

No

Is it a correct
PLMN ?
Yes

Yes

Is the cell barred?

No

No

Is C1>0
Yes
Camp on the cell

37

 ) ( BCCH

BCCH

BCCH

PLMN

:
C1> 0 , Not Barred ,
Home PLMN ,

BCCH alocation
38

Cell selection for phase 1 MS - no BCCH info is stored

 ) ( BCCH

PLMN

BCCH

BCCH alocation

BCCH

:
C1> 0 , Not Barred ,
Home PLMN ,

39

Cell selection for phase 2 MS - no BCCH info is stored

 ` : `Cell Reselection
MS Idle ,
.
) ( Cell Reselection .
:
, MS :
(a Downlink
(b BCCH BCCH
MS .
(c ) (AV_RXLEV

(d BCCH
(e BCCH
40

 : DL
Detection of Downlink Signaling Failure :
MS ( Downlink Signaling Counter) DSC
) (Paging .
) (OFSET DSCo, MS
:
) DSCo =ROUND ( 90 / BS_PA_MFRMS
DSCo BCCH MS .

, :
Successful decoding :
DSCnew = DSCold+1 if DSCnew+1 > DSCo DSCnew = DSCold
Un Successful decoding :
DSCnew = DSCold - 4
: DSCnew < 0 , DL
.
41

DSC
DSCo

DSCnew = DSCold
DSCnew = DSCold - 4
DSCnew = DSCold +1
DSCnew = DSCold - 4

Successful
paging

Un Successful
paging

DSCnew = DSCold 4
&
DSCnew < 0
DL
42

 GSM :
Location area , :
C1 ( Serving Cell ) < C1 ( Suitable Neighbor Cell ) for 5 sec.
LA , :
) C1 ( Serving Cell ) + Cell_Reselect_Hystersis < C1 ( Suitable Neighbor Cell
for 5 sec.
C1
C1 .

43

44

 GSM :
MS , C2
) ( ,
MS MS
. C2 Camping .
, C2
. ) ( cell Selection Area
.

45

Fast movment

Start of penalty timer

Stop of penalty timer

Macro cell
Cell 1

Slow movment

Cell 2

Cell 3

Cell 4

Micro
cell

Micro
cell

Micro
cell

Stop of penalty timer

Start of penalty timer
46

 (PI) : (Yes / No ) Cell_Reselect_PAR_IND

BCCH MS
C2 .
(QUA) : (Yes / No ) Cell_BAR_Qualify
.
C2 :
(PET) : (0 ~ 31 / 20 ... 640 s ) Penalty time
Step ,
) ( . MS
MS ,
, ,
Reset .

47

 (TEO) : (0 ~ 70 dB ) Temporary_ ofset

Step 10 dB ,
, ,
.
:(REO) ( 0 ~ 126 dB ) Cell_Reselect_ ofset
Step 2 dB ,
,
C2 .

48

Parameter for Cell Re-Selection Procedure

Parameters affecting Cell Re-Selection (dual band) (for phase 2 MS)
C2 criterion
C2 = C1 + CRESOFF - TEMPOFF

for T < PENTIME

C2 = C1 + CRESOFF

for T > PENTIME

C2 = C1 - CRESOFF

for PENTIME = 31

C1 = (RXLEV - RXLEV_ACCESS_MIN) - max(0, MS_TXPWR_CCH - P)

CRESOFF (0-63)
TEMPOFF (0-7)
PENTIME (0-31)

Defines an offset to encourage or discourage a mobile to

select a cell while it is camping on another cell (Step=2dB)
Temporary offset (step=10dB)
PENALTY_TIME = 20 sec + PENTIME 20 sec

49

Parameter for Cell Re-Selection Procedure

Timer expired
Timer starts

To encourage dual band MS to preferably reselect GSM1800 cells

set CRESOFF(GSM1800 cells) >> CRESOFF(GSM900 cells)
(e.g. CRESOFF(GSM1800 cells) = 30 dB CRESOFF(GSM900 cells) = 0 dB)
or, alternatively set for GSM900 cells PENTIME = 31
-> C2 = C1 - CRESOFF
50

Example for Cell Re-Selection Procedure

C1 = 40
CRO = 0
TMPO = 0
C2 = 40

C1 = 40
CRO = 0
TMPO = 0
C2 = 40

GSM 900
Cell A

Cell B

Moving MS
Camped
on A1800

C1 = 15
CRO = 50
TMPO = 0
C2 = 65

GSM 1800
Cell A

C1 = 10
CRO = 50
TMPO = 0
C2 = 60

Cell B

51