' ,

.


. ,
, ,
, , , ,
...
(charter market
practitioners). ,
:

, , (shipowners)
(charterers)
(shippers)
(operators)
(shipbrokers)
(chartering brokers)
(shipping agents)

(CHARTERING BROKER)

,
,
(commission).
"brokerage clause",
,
. ,
. ,
5:

,
(shipbroker )
(cargobroker
).

.
"" .
,
.

( )
(
).
,


.

.
,
.

, ,
.

(chartering brokers seeking cargoes)
(chartering brokers seeking ships)6.

(separate individuals, competitive brokers)

. ,

. ,

(employees of shipowners or charterers,
inhouse brokers).
, (.. )

(.. , , , ...),
,
, .
"correspondent chartering
brokers".

(shipowner's broker) (charterer's broker),
.
"competitive brokers".
( )
, "orders"
. "cable brokers",
,
(BOE CODE & NEW BOE CODE).
"freight brokers" "charter
party brokers".

. , ""

.

 ,
, ""
.
,
.
.
"correspondent chartering brokers". , o
,
,
"" .
, ,

(tanker brokers)
(dry cargo brokers). ,
(containership brokers) (gas
brokers).
(SHIPPING AGENT)
,
.
,

,
. ,
, ,
, ,
.
:

,
.
,
,
.
, , ..
, , .

(
).
,
.

, .
,
.
o.
.
,
(cash to master).

,
,
..

(BALTIC EXCHANGE):
.
' , ""
.
1744 ,

.
,
, , ... 1823,
"club", ,
.
, ,
.
- "Baltic Mercantile & Shipping Exchange" - 1903
. "Baltic"
, ,
. 300 1850
1534 1890. 1985,
, "Baltic International
Freight Futures Exchange (BIFFEX)". 1992, K
o ,
"Lloyds" . To 1994, 250
.
, ,
. ,
( )
.
,
, , ,
, ,
. ""
.
- "Our Word is Our
Bond" ( ), '
.
:

.
50% ( ) .

(magazines, newsletters and special

focus issues), ,
.

on-line 24 (Internet).

..
750 2.500 .
: "market members"
"non-market members". "market members"*

"floor". ,
(Baltic
Exchange Rules).
,
. ,
(shipowners), (charterers),
(shipbrokers) (cargo
interests).
"non-market members"*
,
K, . ,

. ,
(maritime economists),
(insurers), (bankers), (registries), (lawyers)
(maritime information providers).
(non-market /
market membership application form), ,

(subscription fee).
.
:

(ability to conduct business in a self - regulated market).
(assistance to resolve commercial disputes).
(access to a vast shipping network).
, "fax" (market
intelligence via telephone, fax, internet)
(use of building and its
facilities).
(bi-monthly magazines, newsletters and
special focus issues).

BIMCO (BALTIC & INTERNATIONAL MARITIME COUNCIL):

1905 . 1927
. "IMCO"

2.650 111 . .
"BIMCO" :

(interpretation of charter party terms).

(advice on maritime law).

(opinions on disputes).
(.. port cost estimates)
.
(charter parties and
contracts), .
"Shipping Software" (T/C estimation system,
fleet monitoring system, position system, laytime calculator, voyage estimator, port
cost estimator, charter party editor).
on-line 24 "Internet" (BIMCO on-line
round the clock and internet services).
.
, , ..
(publications, newsletters, magazines and special focus
issues).
(technical support).
(courses and seminars in various countries).

LLOYDS OF LONDON:

17 , Edward Lloyd. Edward Lloyd

,
. 18
,
,
. , "Lloyd's of London"
:

,
"Lloyds Register of Shipping". 1834

. ,
, , , ..
,
,
.
.

. , 100 1 "Lloyd's",
, .

,
"Lloyds of London",
.
,
. 6000

"Lloyds", 300 ,
(brokers). 70
, 50 -, 1300
.
,
.

POSITION LISTS:

.
CARGO ORDERS: "cargo order"

.


,

.
,

(international trade law).
.
(sale contract)
.
, ,
, , ...
,
.
, ,
.
,
.
,
,
,
.
,
.
, .
,
( )
. ,
,

 .

, .
,
,
,
, ,
. ,

.
,
.

.


.
, , , , ,
..
,

(INCOTERMS),
. ,
,
, ,
, , ...
:
1.

2.

3.

(cash in advance): ,
, / ,
.
(payment against shipping documents):

.
.
(cash
against documents), - .. (bill of
exchange) (promissory letter) -

, (on consignment),
/
.
(letter of credit):

. (letter of credit)

.
,
-, ,
. ,

 (
).

( ),
.
. ,
. ,

.
.

. ,
. ' ,
.

,
.
,
. - -
,
.
, ,
.
.
,
,
.
, . ,
( ). H

(UCP - Uniform Customs and Practice). ,
. ,
,
.
. H
' ,
.
, .
, .
4. :
50% 50%
.
40% 60%
.


(, , ,
..)

 ,
.
.


.
'
.
,
""
.
, , (
), ,
' ,
.
(freight) (hire).
,
.
.

. ,
.
,
.


.
,
. ,
.

. ,
,
,
.
,
.
, ,
.
.
,
.
(contract of sale) "CIF" (Cost Insurance Freight),

(). ,
,
. ,
.

.

10

 ,
.
,
.
, ,
.
. ,
,
.
"FOB" (Free On Board),
. ,

.

.
( ) ,
.
,
. ,
( ), ( ),
, o , .
.
,
,
. ,
(forwarding agent),

. ,
(CIF contract of sale) (FOB contract of
sale) . -

.
.
,
, , ""
.
,
.

. ,
,
. ,
,
,
,
.
,
:
, .
,

11

 .

, , , , ,
..
, ,

.

.
.
,

, ,
,
' .
,
,
"" .
.
, , ( ),
, ' ,

( ).
(freight) (hire).

, ,
.
,
:
1. (preliminary voyage):
(
) , ,
( ).
.
2. (loading operation): ,
,
.
3. (carrying voyage):
.
.
4. (unloading operation):
.
5. (delivery of cargo):
,
.

12


19 "laissez faire"
. ,
, ,
, .
, ,
"laissez faire". ,
1921 1923 "
" (International Convention for the
Unification of Certain Rules relating to Bills of Lading), "
" (HAGUE RULES).
(trading nations) A 1924.
,
"Carriage of Goods By Sea Act 1924" (COGSA 1924)3.
K
,
. , 1968,
- (HAGUE VISBY RULES). "Hague Visby"
"schedule" "Carriage f Goods By
Sea Act 1971" (COGSA 1971), 1978
"Carriage of Goods by Sea Act 1924".
, 16 1992 "Carriage of
Goods by Sea Act 1992" (COGSA 1992),
1971,
"Hague Visby", (common law)
... ,
1992
, "Bill of Lading Act 1855",
(16/09/1992).
"Hague Visby" A
1924 ,
"Hague Visby". "Hague Visby"
. ,

"Hague
Visby".
,
"HARTER ACT 1893" ,
1903 1936 .
"HARTER ACT 1893"
,
.
1924 , ....
. 1992 2107/1992
.

13

 "Hague-Visby Rules"
:
1.

2.

3.

. (b) V, "Hague Visby"

(document of title). ,
.
,
.

.
,
. ,
, ,
"Hague Visby" ,
.
, ,
"Hague Visby"*. , (b)
(non transferable bills of
lading, straight bills of lading waybills).
. ,
.

:
(contracting state),
"Hague Visby".
(contracting
state).
,
,
,
, , ,
.
. (c),

(on deck cargo). ,
(live animals).

,
. ,
,

.
,
.
"Paramount".
.

- , (common law).
:

14

"paramount" / .

(Common Law),

.
.
, (e)

.
,
.


,
.
;
..

, 8.

.
'
,
.
,
.
. ,
(due diligence) :

, .
,
, .
, .
/
.

,
,
. ,
, ,
.

15

, ,
,
. IV ,
(exceptions of carrier's liability) :

(perils of the seas)

/ (act of God)
(act of war)
, , (public enemies, terrorists, pirates,
riots)
, , (act of authorities, arrests,
seizures)
(quarantine)
(strikes and lockouts)
(saving life or property at
sea)
(insufficiency of packing)
(unseaworthiness)
(due diligence) .
,
(inherent vice
of cargo or latent defects not discoverable by due diligence).

, ,
:

(nautical error)
.

,
(navigation) (management)
. ,
"nautical error"
(management and handling of the cargo) "commercial error"
.
(deviation) ,
,
,
(reasonable) .
, (claims)
,
.
, "Hague Visby Rules",

.
-
.
"freight" "demurrage"
.
.

16

 "laissez faire"
1960 .

, s "United Nations
Convention on Carriage of Goods by Sea 1978",
, "HAMBURG RULES".
(improve the
position of the cargo owner) 1992.
-.
(layout) ,
.
:

.
(nautical error), ,
.

(waybills, short sea notes ..) ,
.
,

.


.
,
(general average),
(freight) ..

TO
,
.
.
, ,
(common law). , -,
,
,

.
, , '
. (frastration of the charter party)
(delay) (impossibility of
performance) ,
.
:

17

 (express & implied terms)

(express terms) ,
(rider). (implied
terms) ,
. ,

. ,
,
.
(seaworthiness),
(due dispatch) (proper route).
(representations)
(representations)

. (misrepresentation),
.
,
(repudiate the charter party).
,
,

. "representations"
( , , ..)
(, , ..)
.
(conditions)
(conditions)

(repudiate the charter party and sue for damages).
, ,

(waiver of the breach of
condition). "condition"
, ,
, ,
,
...
(warranties)
(warranties)
(sue for damages).
, ,
,
, ...
(innominate terms)

18

 (innominate terms)
"conditions" "warranties",
. "innominate" .


,
, .

(whole charter):
(full &
complete cargo).

(space charter):

(part cargo).

"slot charter".

(commercial operation),
, (demise
bareboat charter) (non demise charter)
.

(demise or bareboat charter):

.
(
, , ) (
).
.
,

(management), (navigation), (maintenance)
(insurance) . ,
.
. H (bareboat charter)
,
,
,
, .

(non demise charter):

,
()
.
"non demise charter":

19

1. (voyage charter):
,

"freight".
.
2. (consecutive voyages charter):

.
"freight",
.
.
.
3. (time charter):
, "hire",
15 .
-
:

(t/c trip).

(t/c round voyage).

(period t/c).
, ,

.
. O
.
, ,
.
,

. .
.
4. (contract of affreightment - CoA): O

, .
,
,
. , CoA
, ,
, .
, CoA (
), . ,
,
CoA. CoA
,

.
,
. "contract of

20

affreightment"
, (.. ,
...). , CoA

.
. ,


.

.
, (hybrid charters)
.
(consecutive voyages charter),
(trip time charter)
(contract of affreightment).

,
() , , .
"our word is our bond" ( " ")
"chartering".
,
,
.


.
,
. , ,
.
(liner shipping),
,
. , ,
.
, (booking note),
.
"booking note"
. ,
, (bill of lading)

.
(tramp shipping),

,
. (charter party),
, . ,
,

21

. ,
. ,
.

,
.
,
.
( ) ,
,
.
,
. ,
.
, ,
( )
. "" ""

, .
,

(agreed charter parties)
"" "BIMCO"

, ..
, ,
...

.
""
.
(adopted charter parties)
, .. "BIMC"
, , ..
,
(adopted) . ..
"BIMCO" /
. ,

, .. "INTERTANKO",
"BIMCO", .
""
, (agreed)
.

22

 (recommended charter parties)

, "BIMCO" ,
' , ..
"Gencon". ,


. "BIMCO" ,
"" .
(approved charter parties)
(agreed), (adopted)
(recommended) .
. "BIMCO",
,
" ".
,
. ,
,
. ,

,
, .
,
, ,
.

,
.
,
:

(voyage charter party)

(time charter party)

(bareboat charter party)

(contract of affreightment)

(consecutive voyages charter party)

:

23

...

(VOYAGE CHARTER)
,

,
(freight market).


. ,
(clauses):
1.
.
2.
.
3.
.
4.
.
5.
() .
6.
.
7.
.
8.
.
9.
.
10.
, /
(laytime-).
11.
"demurrage" () "despatch" ().
12.
.
13.
"Cesser clause" (lien clause).
14.
.
15.
(deviation clause).
16.
(exception clauses).
17.
"Paramount clause".
18.
(arbitration clause).
19.
(brokerage clause).
20.
(general average clause).
21.
, , ..
,
.
(COSTS)
(costs)
. , 66:

(operating costs running costs):

, ,
, ,
, (wages, social costs, sickness costs,
travel costs). , , ,

24

(costs for supplies & provisions, lubricants, spares), (insurance for hull
and machinery), (maintenance and
repairs costs)
(administrative costs).
.
(voyage costs):
,
(bunkers), (port charges),
(pilotage), (tugs), (light dues),
(anchorage dues).
(capital costs):
, .
.
(cargo handling costs):
, ,
, (loading, discharging and stowage costs),

.
.

. ,
.
"Gross Terms"
"Liner Terms", ,
o "F.I.O. Terms" *
.

,
:
DEMURRAGE ():
,
( laydays)
/ , ' ,
, "demurrage".
(demurrage)
. "demurrage"
(liquidated damages) ,
. ,
,
"demurrage", "demurrage rate" . ,
"demurrage",
"demurrage rate" .
"demurrage" "laydays".
"demurrage" 24 .
"laytime" , ,
..., "demurrage" (once on demurrage always on
demurrage), "laytime"
"on demurrage". ,

25

 "demurrage" . , ,
7 Gencon (edition 1976):
"ten running days on demurrage at the rate stated in Box 18 per day or pro rata for any part of
a day, payable day by day, to be allowed Merchants altogether at parts of loading and
discharging". , "ten running
days on" "payable day by day".
,
"demurrage". "demurrage"
(
"cesser clause") (
: "freight and all other conditions as per charter"). ,
"demurrage" (payable day by day).

"demurrage"
, ' "demurrage". ,
"payable pro rata for any part of a day", /
"demurrage", (implied
term).
(DESPATCH):

"laytime",
"despatch money" (). ,
"demurrage", .
. ,

/ "laytime"
, , "laytime"
(all time saved) /
"laytime" (all laytime
saved),
"laytime". .
(not implied
term in common law).
(reversible laytime) (average laytime)
,
.
,
.

. : "time allowed
for loading and discharging, 8 days altogether" "time allowed 8 days all purposes".
"reversible" "average",
: "3 days for loading and 5 for discharging, loading and discharging times to be
reversible", "3 days for loading and 5 for discharging. Charterers have the right to average
loading and discharging times".

26

 (reversible laytime),
,
( - ). ,
,
. ""
, (on demurrage)
.
(average laytime),
. , (demurrage) (despatch)
, ,
. , ,
"reversible laytime", "average laytime".
"laytime"
, .. "laytime for loading and laytime for discharging to be
reversible in charterer's option". ,
,
"reversible laytime", '
.
,
,
, , .

.
, ,
(carrying voyage).
,
:

(freight payable on delivery):

,

, ,

("cannot withhold payment until delivery of the whole parcel", Mller v. Young
/ The Fort Kipp). ,

. ,
,
(Dakin v. Oxley). ,

, (Cargo ex Galam).
,

(Krall v. Burnett).
(full & short freight): ,
,
(
"excepted perils")
(Dakin v. Oxley).

27

, -
"short delivery", (The Olympic
Brilliance). ,
. , ' ,
"quantum meruit",
.
(advance freight):
. ,
,
(De Silvale v. Kendall / The
Karin Vatis). (advance freight)
, .
,
"advance freight". O

(seaworthiness, deviation, reasonable despatch)
. ,

(tramp market), (liner market).
"advance freight" "advance of freight",

.
. ,
,
.
' ' (lump sum freight): '
.

. , '
.
"lump sum freight", ,
.
, .
(dead freight):
(full and complete cargo),
" " (dead
freight). "dead freight" ,
, . "dead
freight"
, ,
,
. , " "

(Mc Lean & Hope v. Fleming / The Ionian Skipper).
(back freight):

(.. ),
(.. , ,
, )

28

, .
,
"back freight" (Cargo ex Argos).
' (pro rata freight):
, (distance freight)
. ,
,

(Hill v. Wilson).
,

(pro rata freight). '
, ,

(full freight),
. ,
,
(Mitchell v. Darthez / Christy v. Row).
' (ad valorem freight):
.

, . : "freight
earned and payable upon shipment, ship and cargo lost or not lost",
,

. ,
.
. ,
: "freight earned upon shipment",
: "freight payable before commencement of discharging" "before
breaking bulk (discharging)".
(COSTS)

. ,
, ,
.
, ,
.
"FIO" (Free In and Out),
.
(TIME CHARTER)


, (hire).

29

 , -
, :
(trip t/c), (round voyage t/c)
(period t/c).
, ,
.
,
. - ,

.
,
.
, ..
... .
,
(commercial employment)
(voyage cost) , , ...,
. , (operation
and management) (running operating cost)
(capital cost) .
, (options)
, ..
,
.

,
, "BIMCO",
"Documentary Committee of the Chamber of Shipping in the United Kingdom" ..
(delivery of the vessel)

, ..
"...she being in every way fitted for ordinary dry cargo service with cargo holds well
swept, cleaned and ready to receive cargo before delivery under this charter".
.

.

. ,
, .. "vessel
to be delivered and redelivered in the Mediterranean". ,
,
.
,
, .. "vessel to be delivered on
arrival first pilot station at Rotterdam".
-
.

30

 (during
working days and office hours),
.
,
"laydays" .

,
(The Lily Prima).
,
, .. "charterers at port of deliveryto take
over and pay for al fuel and diesel oil remaining in vessel's bunkers at current price at that
port" (Baltime 1939, edition 2001, clause 5).
(.. , , )
,
(joint on-hire survey) ,
. (on-hire
survey reports and damage reports) ,
.

.
,
. , '
,

(employment and agency),
. , ,
(ship management and operation)
(navigation) .
(seaworthiness & maintenance)
, : "The owners let and the
charterers hire the vessel. The vessel shall be in every way fitted for ordinary cargo service"
(Baltime 1939, edition 2001, clause 1). ,

129. ,
.
(reasonable diligence)
(The Democritos / United States of America v. The Marilena P.),
.
,
:

(technical seaworthiness)
, ,
.
(cargoworthiness).
(seaworthiness
for the intended voyages).

31

 ,
, :

(Hong Kong Fir Shipping Co

Ltd v. Kawasaki Kisen Kaisha Ltd).
To
(The Madeleine).
, "certificate of class",
"certificate of approval", "certificate of competency", "certificate of clearance",
"certificate of disinfection".

.
,
.

, "unseaworthy"
,
, .
,
, (in the
same good order and condition) .
"The owners shall maintain her in a thoroughly efficient
state, in hull and machinery during service" (Baltime 1939, edition 2001, clause 3) ,
, ,
(implied warranty)

.
,

,
(Tynedale Steam Shipping Co v. Anglo-Soviet Shipping Co Ltd).
,
,
, . ,
, ,
(Hong Kong Fir v. Kawasaki Kisen Kaisha).
(costs)
:

(operating running costs):

, , ,
(Sanko SS Co Ltd v. Fearnley and Eger
A/S), , , , (Tropwood AG v.
Jade Enterprises Ltd), (Hong Kong Fir
Shipping Co Ltd v. Kawasaki Kisen Kaisha Ltd), .

.

32

(capital costs):
, .
.

(Mammoth Bulk Carriers Ltd v.
Holland Bulk Transport BV / Harmony Shipping Co SA v. Saudi-Europe Line Ltd).

(period of charter)

, , .
: "The owners let and the charterers hire the vessel for a
period of the number of calendar months indicated in Box 14 from the time (not a Sunday or a
legal holiday unless taken over) the vessel is delivered and placed at the disposal of the
charterers between 9 am and 6 pm or between 9 am and 2 pm if on Saturday at the port stated
in Box 15" (Baltime 1939, edition 2001, clause 1).

(trip time charter), "one time charter
voyage with loading 1 or 2 ports in...and discharging 1 or 2 ports in... Redelivery on dropping
outward pilot at last discharging port. Total period estimated to 30 days".

,
.
, ,
(underlap)
(overlap). ,
(flat period)
"about"*.
"15 days more or less in
charterers' option" (Empresa Cubana de Fletes v. Aviation and Shipping Co
Ltd / The Didymi / The Leon).
,
(liner trade)
.
,

. ,
.
.
(the market rate goes down),
. ,
.
(the market rate goes up),
. ,

33

 , .
,
,
,
.
,
, .. "period of 6 months, 20 days more or less"
"minimum 11 / maximum 13 months", ""
(time is of the essence of the contract). ,

, "breach of contract" (The Dione
/ The Johnny / The Aspa Maria). ,
, .. "a six month period",

4-5% ( 2 ).
(payment of hire)
,
(hire)* ,
.
, , , ,
.
: "The charterers shall pay as hire the rate
stated in Box 19 per 30 days commencing in accordance with clause 1 until her redelivery to
the owners. Payment of hire shall be made in cash, in the currency stated in box 20 without
discount, every 30 days, in advance" (Baltime 1939, edition 2001, clause 6.
(costs)
,
:

(voyage costs):
,
(bunkers)*, (port charges),
(canal dues), (light dues), (pilotage),
(tugs), (mooring / anchorage dues) ...

(cargo handling costs):

, ,
, (loading, discharging &
stowage costs).
, .
(compulsory
expenses) ,
. ,
,
.
(watchmen), (garbage)

34

 (agency fees).

, .

35

TYPE OF
CHARTER
LIABILITIES & COSTS

VOYAGE
CHARTER

DESCRIPTION OF THE VESSEL S

DELIVERY OF THE VESSEL

REDELIVERY OF THE VESSEL

CHARTERED & SUBSTITUTED
VESSEL

SEAWORTHINESS
S
MAINTENANCE
S
CARGOWORTHINESS
S
PRELIMINARY VOYAGE
S
REASONABLE DESPATCH
S
NO DEVIATION
S
ARRIVED SHIP
S
ACTUAL READINESS
TO LOAD & NOTICE OF READINESS
TO LOAD
S
LOADING OPERATION
(RESPONSIBILITY)
S
CARRYING VOYAGE
S
ACTUAL READINESS TO

TIME
CHARTER

BAREBOAT CONTRACT
CHARTER OF AFFREIGHTMENT

CONSECUTIVE
VOYAGES CHARTER

S
S
C

S
S
C

S
S
S
S
S

S
C
S
S

S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S

S
S
S
S
S
S
S

S/C
C

C
C

S
S

S
S

36

UNLOAD &
NOTICE OF READINESS
S
TO UNLOAD
(not compulsory)
DISCHARGING OPERATION
(RESPONSIBILITY)
S
DELIVERY OF THE CARGO
S
LIEN
S
WAREHOUSING UNCLAIMED
GOODS
S
CLAIMS AGAINST THIRD
PARTIES
S
NOMINATION OF PORTS
C
DESCRIPTION OF THE
CARGO
C
PROVISION OF THE
CARGO
C
QUANTITY & QUALITY OF
THE CARGO
C
BRINGING THE CARGO
ALONGSIDE
C
LOADING IN THE STIPULATED
TIME (LAYTIME)
C
DISCHARGING IN THE
STIPULATED TIME (LAYTIME) C
PAYMENT OF FREIGHT
C
PERIOD OF CHARTER

SAFE PORTS
C
LAWFUL MERCHANDISE
LAWFUL TRADE &
COMMERCIAL LIMITS
C
NOT TO SHIP DANGEROUS
GOODS
C

S/C

C
(not compulsory)

S
(not compulsory)

S/C
C
C

C
C
C

S
S
S

S
S
S

S
C

C
C

S
C

S
C

C
C

C
C

C
C
S/C
C

C
C

37

TRADING LIMITS
EMPLOYMENT &
INDEMNITY
PAYMENT OF HIRE
C
COMMERCIAL OPERATION
& MANAGEMENT
OF THE VESSEL
MANNING OF VESSEL
EQUIPMENT AND PROVISION
INSURANCE
STATUTORY DUTIES
NAVIGATION / SALVAGE /
TOWAGE
OPERATING COSTS
CAPITAL COSTS
VOYAGE COSTS
INSPECTION & DRY-DOCKING
COSTS
CARGO HANDLING COSTS

S
S
S
S
S

S
S
S
S
S

C
C
C
C
C

S
S
S
S
S

S
S
S
S
S

S
S
S
S

S
S
S
C

C
C
S
C

S
S
S
S

S
S
S
S

S
S/C

S
C

S/C
C

S
S/C

S
S/C

S
C

: S= Shipowner (), C= Charterer (), S/C= ,

.

38

 , ,
,
AA: Always Afloat: "
".
, .
"always afloat"
.
AAAA: Always Accessible Always Afloat:
" ".
, .
ADCOM: Address Commission: (freight)
(hire),
.
,
(rebate for the business). , "free
of address".
Advance Freight: , ,
(implied term)
, .
,
. ,
(express term), (advance freight),

.
.
Aframax: 80.000-120.000 dwt.
AFSPS: Arrival First Sea Pilot Station:
.
,
.
Agency Fee:
.

' .
ANCH: Anchored: .
APS: Arrival Pilot Station:
.
.
. . "" .

39

APT: Aft Peak Tank:

.
.
AR ARD: Arrived: .
ARVL: Arrival: .
TDNSHINC: Any Time Day or Night Sundays Holidays Included:

.
AWIWL: Always Within Institute Warranty Limits:

.
AWRI: Additional War Risk Insurance: ""
,


. ,
.
BB: Ballast Bonus: ' "bonus"
, "ballast trip" ( )

, .. .
, "ballast bonus"

. "BB"
, .
BB: Below Bridges:
.
BB: Break Bulk (cargo):
, (parcels).
(general cargo). ("to break bulk"), "
".
BB: Bulbous Bow:
,
V.
BBB: Before Breaking Bulk: " ".

, .

40

BBL: Barrel: , .
34,97261 imperial gallons 42 U.S. gallons. ,
6,29 . 0,8,
7,9 .
BC: Bulk Carrier: .
B / D: Barrels per Day: .
BCI: Baltic Capesize Index: "Baltic Exchange",

"Capesize" (bulk carriers 80.000-200.000 dwt).
BDI: Baltic Dry Index: "Baltic Exchange",

. "BFI" 1999 (
BCI, BPI, BHI).
BFI: Baltic Freight Index:
"Baltic Exchange",
1985 1999, "BDI".
,
(routes)
.
BHI : Baltic Handymax Index: "Baltic Exchange",

"Handymax" (bulk carriers 35.000-50.000 dwt).
BPI: Baltic Panamax Index: "Baltic Exchange",
"Panamax"
(bulk carriers 50.000-80.000 dwt).
BHF: Bulk Harmless Fertilizers: . .
BIFFEX: Baltic International Freight Futures Exchange: "BIFFEX"
,
, (hedge)
,
(freight futures)
. , "BIFFEX"
. , ..
,
"BIFFEX"
. ,
( "BIFFEX" )
. , ,

.

41

BL: Bale Capacity: ,

, "broken stowage",

. "bale capacity"

"grain capacity" ( ,
RO-RO ).
Box: (container).
BR: Brackish: .
BRDTH: Breadth Beam: .
Broken Stowage: .
, '
.
Brokerage Commission:
,
. "brokerage" "commission",
"address commission",
.
BWAD: Brackish Water Arrival Draft:
"brackish water" ( ).
. "brackish water" (, )
"fresh water" (1000 kgs/cubic metre) "salt water"
(1025 kgs/cubic metre). "brackish water"
"salt water" (, ) "fresh
water" ( ). . "FWAD" "SWAD".
C: Clean: .
Capacity Plan:
, ,
(.. GRT, NRT, DWT capacity ...).
Cargo Capacity:
.
, ,
(deadweight capacity), ,
(cubic capacity).
"Deadweight All Told (DWAT)"
, , , , ...,
"Deadweight Cargo Capacity (DWCC)" .

. "grain capacity"

, "broken stowage". , "bale

42

capacity"
"broken stowage",
'
. "bale capacity"
"grain capacity".
Cargo Plan or Stowage Plan: .
CBT: Clean Ballast Tanks: .
CFS: Container Freight Station: .
o
"containers".
(freight forwarders)
(container carriers container operators).
CLD: Cleared: (free pratique)
.
CONBULK: Container/Bulk:
.
CONS: Consumption: .
CONT: Container: .
COP: Custom of the Port:
. ,

.
COW: Crude Oil Washing:
.
.
CPP: Clean Petroleum Products: .
CR: Crane: .
CST: Centistokes: (viscosity) .
.
CU.FT.: Cubic Feet: .
CU. M.: Cubic Metres: .
CVS: Consecutive Voyages:
. .
CY: Container Yard: , "container
terminal".
(liner operator).

43

D: Dirty: .
DANRVAOCLONL: Discountless And Not Returnable, Vessel And/Or Cargo Lost Or Not
Lost:
(freight prepaid advance freight).
,
. , '
.
Deadfreight: " "

, ,
. , " "

,

. "broken stowage".
DELY and REDELY: Delivery and Redelivery:
.
DER: Derricks:
(gearing). "derricks".
Disbursements:
(agents) .
, , ,
, , , ...
"disbursements", 2,5 %
.
Disponent Owner:
"disponent owner", (at his
disposal) '
.
DISPORT: Discharging Port: .
Distance Freight: ,


,
"distance freight".
DLOSP: Dropping Last Outward Sea Pilot: "DOP".
,
.

44

DOP: Dropping Outward Pilot:

. ,
, .
.
DPP: Dirty Petroleum Products: ( ) .
Draught Draft: ,
.
DRI / DRIP: Direct Reduced Iron Ore / Direct Reduced Iron Ore Pellets:
.
Dunnage: (, , ...)
, ,
.
DWAT: Dead Weight All Told: .

(Plimsoll Line). , , , , ,
, , , ... ,
(loaded displacement)
(light displacement) .
DWCC: Dead Weight Cargo Capacity:
. , , ...
. "net capacity".
DWCT: Dead Weight Cargo Tonnage: "DWCC".
DWT: Dead Weight Tonnes: .
ETA: Expected or Estimated Time of Arrival:
.
ET: Expected or Estimated Time of Berthing:
() .
ETC: Expected or Estimated Time of Commencement / Completion:
(commencement) (completion)
.
ETD: Expected or Estimated Time of Departure:
.
ETS: Expected or Estimated Time of Sailing:
.
FC: Fully Containerised: .

45

FCC: Fully Cellular Containership: ( )

.

.
FCL: Full Container Load:
, .
"LCL"
-,
"container". O "FCL"
"LCL".
FEU: Forty-foot Equivalent Unit: 40 .
FFA: Forward Freight Agreement: ()
.
Flat Rate:

.
,

. ,
.
, "flat rate" "Worldscale",
.
FOW: First Open Water:
,
, "" .
FP: Free of Pratique: ,
.
FPSO: Floating Production Storage Offloading: ,
.
FPT: Fore Peak Tank:
.
.
FRT: Freight: .
FRT P.P.: Freight Prepaid: .
Fumigation: , .
FWA: Fresh Water Allowance: H
(1025 /
) (1000 / ).
,
, .

46

FWAD: Fresh Water Arrival Draft: . .

"BWAD" "SWAD".
GLESS: Gearless: ,
.
GR: Grain Capacity Grain Space Capacity:
, .
"broken stowage" ( ) ,
'
.
,
.
GRD: Geared:
.

GRT: Gross Registered Tonnage: .

100 2,831 .
.
HA: Hatches: () .
HA Dims: Dimensions of Hatches: .
Handymax: 35.000-50.000 dwt.
Handysize: 20.000-35.000 dwt.
HFO: Heavy Fuel Oil: ,
.
HHDWS: Heavy Handy Deadweight Scrap: "scrap"
... "handy"
(very light cargoes - stowage factor 90
), (very heavy cargoes - stowage factor
20 40 ). "HHDWS"
50 .
HO: Holds: .
HP: Horse Power: .
HSS: Heavy Grains, Soya Beans and Sorghums:
, ..
(wheat) (soya). ,
,
. ..

47

 44 49 , 48 52
. , (barley) (oats).
IFO: Intermediate Fuel Oil:
"HFO" "MDO".
IGS: Inert Gas System: ,
/ .
INCLOT: Including Overtime: .
ITF: International Transport Workers' Federation:
.
IWL: Institute Warranty Limits:
.
,
.
: Knot: , . .
LBP: Length Between Perpendiculars: .
LCL: Less (than a) Container Load: "FCL".
,
"container". ,
,
"break bulk cargo" "general cargo".
(carrier)
(freight forwarder). "LCL"
-
,
"container" .
"groupage". H "LCL"
"container
terminals" (CFS CY). , "LCL"
"FCL", '
(consolidation)
(stuffing) .
LD: Loading Port: .
LDT: Light Displacement Tonnage Light Weight: ()
(hull),
(machinery), (equipment) (spares) .
"light displacement"
(scrap value) , .
() ()
(loaded displacement - light displacement = deadweight tonnage).
LNG: Liquefied Natural Gas: .

48

Loaded Displacement: ()
(light displacement)
(deadweight tonnage).
LOA: Length Overall: () .
L / LO: Lift On / Lift Off: ,
.
, .
LPG: Liquefied Petroleum Gas:
.
LT: Long Ton: ,
2.240 (pounds) 1.016 .
453 .
Lumpsum Freight: ' ' ,

.
MDO: Marine Diesel Oil: ,
, (diesel
generators).
MGO: Marine Gas Oil: .
/ Min / Max : Minimun / Maximum:
.. "10000 tons min / max". ,
.
MOL: More Or Less: ,
.. "10000 tons, 5% more or less".
. :
) MOLCO: More or Less Charterer's Option: .
) MOLOO: More or Less Owner's Option: .
MPC: Multi - Purpose Cargoship: .
MT: Metric Ton: . 1.000 2.204 (pounds).
0,9842 "long ton".
NAABSA: Not Always Afloat But Safely Aground: ,
,
, .
"NAABSA" .
NDFCAPMQS: No Dead Freight for Charterers Account Provided Minimum Quantity
Supplied: " " , '
.

49

NRT: Net Registered Tonnage: .

.
OBO: Oil / Bulk / Ore: .
.
OO: Oil / Ore: .
.
OPT: Option: .
Panamax: , 50.000-80.000 dwt.

( 32,2 ).
PC: Part Cargo: .
PC: Port Charges: .
PCC PCTC: Pure Car Carrier Pure Car/Truck Carrier: "",
.
PD: Per Day: .
PDPR: Per Day Pro Rata: .
PC: Port In Charterers' Option: .
PPT: Prompt: .
PR: Pro Rata: ' , .
Pratique Free Pratique: "" .
,
"healthy ship",
,
.
PROBO: Products / Bulk / Oil: ,
, .
Prod: Product Carrier: .
Reefer: Refrigerated Cargoship: - .
ROB: Remaining On Board: ,
.

50

RO / RO: Roll On / Roll Off: .

, .
"Ro - Ro vessels".
RPM: Revolutions Per Minute: .
.
SBT: Segregated Ballast Tanks:
.
- .
SD: Short Delivery: .
.
SD SDS SDBC: Single Decker Single Deck Ship Single Decker Bulk Carrier:
.
"tweendeckers" "multi-deckers".
SD SLD: Sailed: .
SF: Stowage Factor: . - ,
.
()
.
"grain capacity" "bale capacity"

.
50 (heavy cargoes),
50
(light cargoes).
SPM: Single Point Mooring:
,
.
Sitting Aground Safely Aground:
,
, .
Sous Palan: .
"under the hook" "under ship's tackle".
,
,
, .
Spot: .
SSW: Summer Salt Water: ,
.

51

STBC / LAKER: Self Trimmer Bulk Carrier / Laker:

' .
STN: Station: .
Subject Stem: "stem"
.
,

. ,
,
,
(STEM: Subject To Existence of Merchandise).
Suezmax: 120.000-200.000 dwt.
SWAD: Salt Water Arrival Draft: . .
"BWAD" "FWAD".
SWL: Safe Working Load:
, .. .
.
Tallying:
.
T / C: Time Charter: .
D DS DBC: Tween Decker Tween Deck Ship Tween Decker Bulk Carrier:
.
.
TEU: Twenty-foot Equivalent Unit: 20 .
TIP: Taking Inward Pilot:
. ,

() . ""
, "APS",
.
, ,
"APS".
TL: Total Loss: .
Touching Soft Ground: "sitting aground".
TTL: Total Commission:
.

52

 (brokerage)
,
(address commission).
TTL / CGO: Total Cargo: .
ULCC: Ultra Large Crude Carrier:
. , 320.000 dwt
550.000 dwt.
VLCC: Very Large Crude Carrier:
200.000 dwt 320.000 dwt.
VLOO: Very Large Ore Oiler: ,
200.000 dwt.
VLPC: Very Large Product Carrier:
, 100.000 dwt.
VSL: Vessel: .
WS: Worldscale:
. 1 1989
"New Tanker Nominal Freight Scale",
. , ,
"Worldscale". "Worldscale"
, () -
70.000 (routes),
.
, , ...
"Worldscale"

70.000 . -
75.000 ,
14,5 fuel oil 55
USD 12.000.
W100 , "flat rate"
( ),

(route). "Worldscale
Association of New York and London",
.
"Worldscale" ,
$ 6,00
W60
, 60% $ 6,00
, $ 3,60 . ,
"Worldscale"
. ,
,

53

 "Worldscale",

.
WSHTC WHTC: Worldscale Hours Terms and Conditions:
,
"Worldscale".
WWReady: When and Where Ready:
.
YAR: York - Antwerp Rules: -
.
13.2
"LAYTIME"2

"laytime". ""
"", '
"laytime", "Voylayrules 93".
"BIMCO", "CMI" (Comit Maritime International),
"FONASBA" "INTERCARGO"
"laytime".
, ,
,
.
Berth: ,
. "berth",
, . :

SA SB: Safe Anchorage Safe Berth: ,

,
, , ,

. ,
,
, .
Demurrage:
,
"laytime".
. "demurrage"
"laytime". ' : "once on demurrage, always on
demurrage".
Despatch Dispatch Despatch Money:
,
"laytime". "".
"demurrage" "despatch"
:

54

DFD: Demurrage / Free Despatch:

"demurrage" , "despatch"
. ,
(.. Ro - Ro).
DHD: Demurrage / Half Despatch: o
, ,
"demurrage".
DDO: Despatch Discharge Only:
, .
DLO: Despatch Loading Only:
, .
FD: Free of Despatch:
.
Despatch on All Time Saved (ATS):
,

"laytime",
"laytime".
Despatch on All Working Time Saved (WTS) on All Laytime Saved:
,

"laytime",
"laytime".

ATSBENDS ATSBE: All Time Saved Both Ends:

(despatch money), "DBEATS".
( / ),

. ,

"laytime". "laytime"
(. "AWTSBENDS").
ATSDO: All Time Saved Discharging Only:
(despatch money).

.
"laytime",
"laytime".
ATSLO: All Time Saved Loading Only:
(despatch money).

.
"laytime",
"laytime".
WTSBENDS AWTSBE ALTSBENDS ALTSBE: All Working Time Saved
Both Ends All Laytime Saved Both Ends:
(despatch money), "DBELTS".

55

( / )
"laytime"
.

"laytime". "laytime"
(. "ATSBENDS").
AWTSDO ALTSDO: All Working Time Saved Discharging Only All Laytime
Saved Discharging Only:
(despatch money).
"laytime"
.
"laytime".
"laytime"
.
AWTSLO ALTSLO: All Working Time Saved Loading Only All Laytime Saved
Loading Only: (despatch money).

"laytime" .

"laytime". "laytime"
.
DBEATS: Despatch payable at Both Ends on All Time Saved:
( / )

. "ATSBENDS".
DBELTS: Despatch payable at Both Ends on Lay Time Saved:
( / )
"laytime"
. "AWTSBENDS".

Excepted Excluded: ,
"excepted" "excluded", "laytime",
.
:

ATUTC: All Time Used To Count: "unless used".

EIU: Even If Used:
, .. ,
"laytime", ' .
FHEX: Fridays Holidays Excluded:
"laytime".
FHINC: Fridays Holidays Included:
"laytime".
SATPMSHEX: Saturdays Post Meridiem Sundays Holidays Excluded:
, "laytime".
SHEX: Sundays Holidays Excluded:
"laytime".
SHINC: Sundays Holidays Included:
"laytime".

56

Unless Sooner Commenced: "laytime" ,

,
"laytime".
UU: Unless Used: "laytime"
,
"laytime".

L/C: Lay / Can: Laydays / Cancelling:

.
"Laydays 1st September / Cancelling 15th September".
,
. ,
.
Laydays: "laytime". ,

.
"laydays" :

Clear Day Clear Days: ()

.
(notice time). "clear"
.
, ,
""
. , "7 clear
days' notice of expected date of readiness at port of loading",
,

7 . .. 15 , 7
16 00:00 22 24:00
23 .

DAP: Days All Purposes: "reversible laytime".

Day: 24 ,
(00:00 hrs - 24:00 hrs),
.
"laydays", "laytime" .
"laytime", (pro rata).

Holiday: .
, . ,
,
,
.

Running Days (RD) Consecutive Days (CD):

, .
"days".
, (.. SHEX)
"laytime".

WD: Working Day:

"laytime". ,
.

57

(working days).
,
"laytime" ( SHEX). "working day" 24
.
WWD: Weather Working Day Weather Working Day of 24 Hours Weather
Working Day of 24 Consecutive Hours: 24
,
,
.
, ,
, "laytime". .
"weather permitting".
WP: Weather Permitting: .

, "laytime". "laytime"
.
"weather working day".
PDWP: Per Day Weather Permitting: .

Laytime:
, .
, , "laytime".

Average Laytime:
"laytime" . ,
(time saved) , .. ,
(excess time)
, .. .

Reversible laytime: "laytime",

,
, . "average laytime"
,
"reversible laytime" (.
16, 7). "reversible laytime"
, . ,
,
.
Loading/ Discharging Rate: / .
/
"laytime", :

CD CQD: Customary Despatch Customary Quick Despatch:

/
,
.
.
FAC: Fast As Can As Fast As the Vessel Can Receive / Deliver:
"laytime"

58

. ,
,
.
Per Hatch Per Day: "laytime"
,
/ (hatch) .
:
Total Quantity of Cargo
Laytime =
= Days
Daily Rate of Loading or Discharging per
Hatch Number of Hatches

(twin hatches)
. ,
, .

WHD: Per Working Hatch Per Day Per Workable Hatch Per Day:
"laytime"
(hold) ,
/
(working workable hatch)
. :
Largest Quantity in one Hold
Laytime =
= Days
Daily Rate of Loading or Discharging per Working or
Workable Hatch x Number of Hatches Serving that Hold
(twin hatches)
. ,
, .
NOR: Notice of Readiness:
, , ,
,
( "port charterparty" "berth charterparty") /
.

In Writing: (NOR)
.
, .
Port: ,
(.. , ...). ,
,
.
"port" ,
.

SP: Safe Port: , ,

, , ,
,

59


. "" (safe port),

(unsafe).
Reachable on Arrival Always Accessible: ,
, '
, .
Strike: ,

. ,

, . ""
, ..
.
Time Lost Waiting for Berth to Count as Loading / Discharging Time as Laytime:
(NOR)
,
"laytime", "demurrage"
"laytime" . "laytime" ,
"demurrage",
. "laytime"
, . ,
"laytime" "demurrage",
"demurrage".
, "laytime" "demurrage"

, . , "laytime" "demurrage"
, . A
(notice time) , "laytime"
. "on
demurrage", "demurrage" N.O.R.,
"notice time" .
WCCON: Whether Customs Cleared Or Not Vessel Having Been Entered at the Custom
House Or Not:
(R). ,
, "laytime"
"demurrage".
WIBON: Whether In Berth Or Not Berth Or No Berth:
,
(NOR)
. "laytime"
. "laytime" "demurrage"
,
.
.

60

 . (.. ,
...), .
WIFPON: Whether In Free Pratique Or Not Vessel Being In Free Pratique Or Not:

(NOR). ,
, "laytime"
"demurrage".
WIPON: Whether In Port Or Not Port Or No Port: ,

"laytime". "laytime",

(NOR). "WIBON", "WIPON"
.

,

. ' ,
() (). ' "INCOTERMS
2000", - .

.. , , ,
, .. ,
"INCOTERMS 2000" ,
,
, ,
, , ..
,
"INCOTERMS 2000". "INCOTERMS 2000"
(International Chamber of Commerce)
,
*. "INCOTERMS 2000" 13 4
,
. , "Ex Works"
(ExW), ' "E group". "F terms",
"Free Carrier" (FCA), "Free Alongside Ship" (FAS) "Free on Board" (FOB).
"C terms", "Cost and Freight" (CFR), "Cost Insurance Freight"
(CIF), "Carriage Paid To" (CPT) "Carriage and Insurance Paid To" (CIP). ,
"D terms", "Delivered at Frontier" (DAF), "Delivered Ex
Ship" (DES), "Delivered Ex Quay" (DEQ), "Delivered Duty Unpaid" (DDU) "Delivered
Duty Paid" (DDP).
. ,
"E term"
"D term".

61


, .
"FAS", "FOB", "CFR", "CIF", "DES" "DEQ"
. , "EXW", "FCA", "CIP", "CPT", "DAF", "DDU"
"DDP" .
,

. "INCOTERMS 2000",
,
.
CFR C & F: Cost and Freight: "INCOTERM 2000".
,
,
.
,
(seller delivers when the goods pass
the ships rail in the port of shipment).
CIF: Cost Insurance Freight: "INCOTERM 2000". ,
,
,
. "CFR" "CIF",
- . "CIF"
- .

. , .
C & I: Cost and Insurance: "INCOTERM 2000".
. , ,
.
CIP: Carriage and Insurance Paid To: "INCOTERM 2000".
"CPT",
.
C.P.D.: Charterers Pay Dues: .
. "V.P.D.".
CPT: Carriage Paid To: "INCOTERM 2000". "CFR",
.
,

. .
DAF: Delivered At Frontier: "INCOTERM 2000".
.
(frontier).
( ),
. .

62

 , ,
( ).
, ( "D
term" "DDP").
DDP: Delivered Duty Paid: "INCOTERM 2000". X
.
,
.
( ,
). ,
.
DDU: Delivered Duty Unpaid: "INCOTERM 2000". X
.
.
( ).
, ,
.
.
DEQ: Delivered Ex Quay: "INCOTERM 2000"
.
. "DES",
,
.
DES: Delivered Ex Ship: "INCOTERM 2000"
. ,
. ,
, .
EXW: Ex Works: "INCOTERM 1990". .
,
.
,
.
FA FAS FAQ: Free Alongside Free Alongside Ship Free Alongside Quay:
"INCOTERM 2000". ,
, .


. ,
, ,
. "F term" ,
. "FAS"
.
FCA: Free Carrier: "INCOTERM 2000".
, '

63

 .
.

, "FOB"
.
.
FD: Free Delivery:
, , .
.
FI: Free In: .
(). .
FILO: Free In Liner Out: .
(),
.
FILTD: Free In / Liner Terms Discharge: ,
"FILO".
FIO: Free In and Out: .
/ /
. .
FIOS: Free In, Out and Stowed: . ,
. ,
.
FIOST: Free, In, Out, Stowed and Trimmed: . ,
, ()
. ,
.
, , . ,
, "free in, out,
lashed, secured and unlashed",
.
FIOT: Free, In, Out and Trimmed: . ,
.
.
FIOSPT: Free, In, Out and Spout - Trimmed: .
, ,
, .. .
,
.

64

FO: Free Out: .

,
() .
FOB: Free On Board: "INCOTERM 2000".
(deilvery when goods pass the ships rail), ,
.

. .
FOQ FOW: Free On Quay Free On Wharf: "INCOTERM 2000".
,
. "Free
Alongside Ship".
LIFO: Liner In Free Out: .
,
.
LTBENDS: Liner Terms Both Ends: .
.
"terms":
Gross terms: . ,

. , ,
, , (tallying), ,
. , "gross terms"
.
"f.i.o", "f.i.o.t", "f.i.o.s.t." ... , "gross terms" "f.i.o terms",
.
Liner terms: "gross terms". ,

. , ,
, ,
, . "liner terms"
(liner trades), "gross terms"
(bulk cargo and tramp trades).
Net terms: . ,
. ,
. "gross
terms". .
Berth terms: :
1.
"liner terms", .
,
,

65

 . , , ,
, ,
.
2.
,
,
. ,
.. ,
. , ,
.. "4000 t. gross / 2000 t. free".
4.000
. , 2.000
.
V.P.D.: Vessel Pays Dues: .
. "C.P.D.".
A

.
"" "",
BIMCO "Time Charter - Place of Delivery/ Redelivery:
Definitions of Geographical Ranges".
AG: Arabian Gulf: "Persian Gulf".
A/H: Antwerp to Hamburg:
.
A.R.A.: Amsterdam - Rotterdam - Antwerp: .
Austa: Australasia: .
B.A.: Buenos Aires: .
Baltic: .
B/H: Bordeaux to Hamburg, inclusive:
, .
Bl Sea: Black Sea: .
B/R: Bordeaux or Rouen: . .
.
C Am: Central America: .
C.B. & H.: Continent between Bordeaux and Hamburg:
,
.

66

C.H. & H.: Continent between Havre and Hamburg:

.
Car Caribs: Caribbean Sea:
( , , , , ...)(.8).
Col / Snake: Columbia / Snake River system.
Continent: ,
,
(.1,.2).
E Af: East Africa: .
East Med.: East Mediterranean:
. , Passero
Misurata , .
, (.1).
East Coast Africa:
Guardafui Maputo (.5).
East Coast India:
Comorin. (.5).
EC: East Coast: .
ECCA: East Coast Central America: Belize, ,
, , , ,
.
.
ECCAN: East Coast Canada: .
ECCP: East Coast Coal Port:
.
ECI: East Coast of Ireland: .
ECNA: East Coast North America:
.
ECSA: East Coast South America:
Georgetown Punta Dungeness (.2).
ECUK: East Coast United Kingdom: .
ECUS: East Coast United States of America:
.

67

Eur: Europe: .
Euromed: Mediterranean Europe: .
FE: Far East: :
, Burma Vostochny
. , ,
, , , , Brunei,
Papua New Guinea.
GIB: Gibraltar: .
GL: Great Lakes: ...
G.S.S.L.: Genova, Savone, Spezia, Leghorn: .
H / H: Havre to Hamburg: ,
.
H.A.D.: Havre / Antwerp / Dunkirk: . ,
.
Haw: Hawaian Islands: .
HR: Hampton Roads:
... . "Roads".
In Geographical Rotation:
,
( )
.
Ind Sub: Indian Subcontinent: .
ndo: Indonesia: .
LAT: Latitude: .
LONG: Longitude: .
L.H.A.R.: London, Hull, Antwerp and/or Rotterdam:
, .
: Middle East: .
MED: Mediterranean:
, .
, .

68

MEG: Middle East Gulf: , ()

.
iss: Mississippi River: .
N Af: North Africa: .
N At: North Atlantic islands: .
N Pac: North Pacific islands: .
n.E.: not East of: ...
n.N.: not North of: ...
n.S.: not South of: ...
n.W.: not West of: ...
NCA: North Coast North America: .
NCSA: North Coast South America:
, Turbo Georgetown .
NEOBIG: Not East Of But Including Greece: ,
.
NEWCI: Not East of West Coast Italy: .
Northern Range: U.S ports of Norfolk, Newport News, Philadelphia, Baltimore, New York,
Boston, Portland: ..,
.
NWE: Northwest Europe: .
PG: Persian Gulf Arabian Gulf: ()
. Basrah ,
Bandar Abbas Musandam,
.
Roads: U.S ports of Hampton Roads - Norfolk, Newport News, Sewells Point:
.., "Hampton Roads",
.
RS R Sea: Red Sea: ,
, Bab el Mandeb .
S Af: South Africa: .
S At: South Atlantic islands: .

69

S Pac: South Pacific islands: .

Scandinavia: , ,
, .
SEA: Southeast Asia: .
Singapore / Japan:
,
. , ,
, , , Brunei,
.
SP range Skaw / Cape Passero: ,
Skaw,
Passero, .
, Skaw ,
, , ,
.
Southern Africa: ,
Maputo Lderitz , .
UK: United Kingdom: , ,
.
UKC: United Kingdom and / or Continent: /
.
UKHH: United Kingdom or Havre or Hamburg:
.
UK / Cont. (B.H.): United Kingdom and / or Continent (Bordeaux - Hamburg range):
/ -
.
UK / Cont. (G.H.): United Kingdom and / or Continent (Gibraltar - Hamburg range):
/ -
.
UK / Cont. (H.H.): United Kingdom and / or Continent (Havre - Hamburg range):
/ -
.
USAC: United States Atlantic Coast: "USEC".
USEC: United States East Coast:
.., Miami , Calais ,
Chesapeake bay, Delaware bay, Delaware river Philadelphia Hudson river
Albany. USAC: United States Atlantic Coast.

70

USGC: U.S. Gulf Coast: ..

, Key West , Brownsville .
Baton Rouge.
U.S.N.H: United States North of Cape Hatteras: ..,
Hatteras. Hatteras , Calais
. , Chesapeake bay, Delaware bay,
Delaware Philadelphia, Hudson Albany.
USNOPAC: United States North Pacific Coast: ..
, Seattle
Brookings . Columbia Willamette,
Puget Sound.
USPAC: United States Pacific Coast: ..
. Seattle San Diego
. San Francisco, Columbia
Willamette Puget Sound.
U.S.S.H: United States South of Cape Hatteras: ..,
Hatteras.
USWC: United States West Coast:
...
W.C.: West Coast: .
WCCA: West Coast Central America:

, , , , , .
.
WCNA: West Coast North America: .
WCSA: West Coast South America:
, Turbo , Punta Arenas
.
West Coast Africa: ,
Dakar , Douala .
West Coast India: , Kandla
, Comorin .
West Indies: ,
Great Inagua, Turks and Caicos.
.

71

West Med: West Mediterranean: ,

, Passero () .
Ceuta,
Passero Misurata (). ,
.
X
BS: American Bureau of Shipping: .
BT: About: .
ACCT: Account (for): ...
AD.VAL: Ad Valorem: ' . (..
).
FMT: After Fixing Main Terms: .
AGW: All Going Well: ' .
AOH: After Office Hours: .
ASA: As Soon As: , .
ASAP: As Soon As Possible: .
ASBA: Association of Shipbrokers and Agents USA:
...
4: Before: .
B4HAND: Beforehand: .
Baltic Exchange: ,
.
DI: Both Days Included: .
BIBI: Bye-bye: ().
BIMCO: Baltic and International Maritime Council Conference:
. ,
, , , "P&I Clubs"
.
B/L: Bill of Lading: .

72

ona Fide: " ".

, , .
RGDS: Best Regards: . "telex
"fax".
BSS: Basis: .
BST: Best: .
BV: Bureau Veritas: .
CBL: Cable: .
CHABE: Charterers Agents Both Ends:
( / ).
CMI: Comit Maritime International:
.
, .. "Charterparty Laytime Definitions 1993"
.
CNR: Charterer Not Reported: .
CHOP: Charterers' Option: .
C / O: Care Of: / ...

, .
COA: Contract of Affreigtment: .
COB: Closing of Business: .
COGSA: Carriage of Goods by Sea Act:
.
"Hague" "Hague-Visby Rules"

"Paramount".
"U.K. Carriage of Goods by Sea Act" 1971 "Carriage of
Goods by Sea Act of the United States" 1936.
COMPL: Completing: .
C/P: Charterparty: .
C/Vs Consecs: .
Ditto: .
DV: Det Norske Veritas: .

73

DTD: Dated: ...

E&OE: Errors and Omissions Excepted: .
,
/
.
Firm for Reply Firm for Immediate Reply:

.
( )
.
Firm Offer:
,
.
, , ,
"counter offer", , .
Firm Order:
,
, .
Fixture: "" .
.
FOLL: Following, Follows: .
FONASBA: Federation of National Associations of Shipbrokers and Agents:
1969 ( )
. "chartering"
.
Force Majeure: .
.
FPA: Free of Particular Average: .
G/A: General Average: .
GD: Good: .
GL: Germanischer Lloyd: .
GMT: Greenwich Mean Time: Greenwich.
ILO: International Labour Office or Organisation: .

74

I.L.O: In Lieu Of: . , .. ILOHC: In

Lieu Of Hold Cleaning: .
: International Maritime Organisation:
, ,

. IMO "chartering"

.
INCL: Including: .
ITF: International Transport Federation: .
.
LMAA: London Maritime Association of Arbitrators:
.
LOC: Letter of Credit: .
LOG: Letter of Guarantee: .
LOH: Loss of Hire: .
LOI: Letter of Indemnity: .
,
. ,
(original) ,

. ,
, .


.
LR: Lloyds Register of Shipping: .
MIC: Man in Charge: .
MSG: Message: .
MT: Metric Ton: .
: Nippon Kaiji Kyokai: .
R: Number: .
OA: Overaged: , .

75

OABE: Owners Agents Both Ends:

( / ). "CHABE".
OCIMF: Oil Companies International Marine Forum:
.
OECD: Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development:
().
OPEC: Organisation of Petroleum Exporting Countries:
.
PANDI: Protection and Indemnity Club:
(P&I).
PCT: Per Cent: .
PIC: Person in Charge: .
PLT: Per Long Ton: "long ton". "long ton"
1.016 .
PMT: Per Metric Ton: 1.000 .
POA: Payment on Account:
.
, .
,
.
PPT: Prompt: .
PR: Pro Rata: ' , .
P/STN: Pilot Station: .
PT: Per Ton: .
RE: Regarding - Related to: .../ ...
RECAP Telex: Recapitulation Telex:
.
RESP: Respectively: .
ROC: Regarding our Cable: .
ROT: Regarding our Telex: .
RNR: Rate Not Reported: .

76

RS: Register of Shipping of Russia: .

RYC: Regarding your Cable: .
RYT: Regarding your Telex: .
SOF: Statement of Fact: .
SOL: Shipowners' Liability: .
S&P: Sale and Purchase: .
Subject details:
. ,
, "subject details"
.
Subject Managers' approval Subject Board's approval:
"Management" .
Subject open Subject free: ,
,
. ,

,
.
Subject Owners' approval of Charterers:
"Management" .
"subject Board's approval".

.
Subject Receivers' approval:
.
Subject Shippers' approval:
.
Subject to contract:
.
(provisional agreement)
.
Subject to Government approval:

.
.
Subject to signing charterparty: "subject to contract".

77

T/C: Time Charter: .

TBL: To Be Lifted: () , .
TBN: To Be Nominated: ()

.
TBR: To Be Renamed: () ...
THERE4: Therefore: , .
TKS: Thanks: .
TLX: Telex: .
TPC: Tons Per Centimetre Immersion: .
,
.
TPI: Tons Per Inch Immersion: .
,
.
TS: Time Sheet: (..
"laytime").
UCAE: Unforeseen Circumstances Always Excepted:
.
UWRS: Underwriters: .
Waiver: "waiver of his rights"
. "waiver", .
, (express waiver) (implied waiver).
Wear and Tear: ,
/ .
Without Prejudice to my rights: .
,
.
"waiver of his rights",
.
W/O: Without: .

78

WOG: Without Guarantee:

, ..
.
W/WO: With / Without: / .
YAR: York-Antwerp Rules: -
.

79