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MANAJEMEN PROYEK
& INDUSTRI
Prof. Dr. Ir. Abdullah, MS
Luqman Buchori, ST, MT
Dr. I Nyoman Widiasa, ST, MT
JURUSAN TEKNIK KIMIA
FAKULTAS TEKNIK
TKK 240
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K A R I E R & SKILL
What some Chemical Engineers do for living ?
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S K I L L
Chemist
Discover that if two reactants are mixed in a certain proportion
at an elevated temperature, a product significantly more
valuable than both reactants will be obtained
How should the product be manufactured using a
process based on this reaction ?
Engineering
Problem
What some Chemical Engineers do in chemical
manufacturing process ?
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Tujuan Instruksional Umum (TIU)
Mahasiswa mampu menjelaskan prinsip
prinsip manajemen proyek dan industri
serta cara-cara memperoleh efisiensi
ekonomis dalam proses produksi.
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POKOK BAHASAN
1. Identifikasi Kegiatan Proyek
2. Pendanaan Proyek
3. Konsep Manajemen Proyek
4. Perencanaan Strategis dan Operasional Proyek
5. Teknik dan Metode Perencanaan Waktu dan Jadwal
Kerja
6. Manajemen Inventori
7. Manajemen Produksi
8. Struktur Organisasi & Manajemen SDM
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R E F E R E N S I
1. Tonchia, S. (2008). Industrial Project Management. Springer-Verlag, Berlin
2. Imam Soeharto. (1999). Manajemen Proyek, Jilid 1, Penerbit Airlangga
3. Newman, D.G. (2006). Engineering Economic Analysis. 9
th
ed. Engineering Press
Inc., California
4. Project Management Institute. (2000). A Guide to the Project Management Body
of Knowledge PMBOK, 2000 ed., Project Management Institute, Inc.,
Pennsylvania.
5. Triss Melton. (2007). Project Management Toolkit- The Basics for Project
Success., 2
nd
ed., Butterworth-Heinemann, Amsterdam.
6. Meri Williams (2008). The Principles of Project Management. 1
st
ed., SitePoint Pty.
Ltd, Australia
7. Gerard M. Hill (2008). The Complete Project Management Offce Handbook, 2
nd
ed., Auerbach Publications, Boca Raton
8. Project Management Institute. (2006). Practice Standard for Work Breakdown
Structures, 2
nd
ed., Project Management Institute, Inc., Pennsylvania.
9. Robert K. Wysocki. (2003). Effective Project Management : Traditional, Adaptive,
Extreme, 3
rd
ed., Wiley Publishing, Inc., Indianapolis, Indiana
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IDENTIFIKASI
KEGIATAN PROYEK
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Introduction
A project may be seen as an investment activity
where financial resources are expended to create
capital assets that produce benefits over
extended period of time.
Project identification is the initial phase of the
project development cycle.
It begins with the conceiving of ideas or intentions to set-
up a project.
These ideas are then transformed into a project.
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For projects to be properly conceived, the
characteristics below must be clearly defined:
Tujuan
Outputs yang diharapkan
Keuntungan yang dimaksud
Jangka waktu yang direncanakan
Dampak project yang lebih luas
Stakeholders utama
Perencanaan Financial dan Sumber Pendanaan
Essential characteristics of
projects
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There are two major approaches to project
identification
(a) Top-down approach
(b) Bottom-up approach
Approaches to project
identification
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Projects are identified based on demands from
beyond the community.
This may include directives from:
international conventions (such as Kyoto
Protocol/climate change)
international institutions or NGOs that have determined
particular priorities and thus projects
national policy makers identifying projects that pertain to
party manifestos and/or national plans.
Top-Down Approach
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In this approach community/beneficiaries are
encouraged to identify and plan the projects
themselves with or without outsiders.
Bottom-Up Approach
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The process of project identification ends with the
formulation of a problem statement.
It takes the form of:
Listing all the problems/needs in the community/area/
organization.
Prioritizing the problems and selecting 1 3 core (major)
problems.
Finding out the root causes of the problems.
Sitting the likely effects of the problems on the community.
Suggesting the probable solutions to the problems.
Identifying the (projects) from the solutions.
The problem statement
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Feasibility Study
A feasibility study is an analysis of the viability of
an idea, focuses on helping answer the essential
question of should we proceed with the proposed
project idea?
The feasibility study is an evaluation and analysis
of the potential of a proposed project which is
based on extensive investigation and research to
support the process of decision making.
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Feasibility Study
New Product
Development.
General Specs
F
e
a
s
i
b
l
e
Preliminary
Design
Detailed
Design
Process
Design
Process
Analysis
Prototyping
Market Test
Process
Planning
STOP
Feasibility
Analysis
R+D
Sales
Operations
Competitors
Clients/Users
Suppliers
Technical
Evaluation
Market
Research
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PENDANAAN PROYEK
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JENIS PROJECT
EPC / EPCC : Engineering Procurement
Construction - Commissioning
BOO : Build Own Operate
BOT : Build Operate Transfer
BOOT : Build Own Operate Transfer
BLT : Build Lease Transfer
DBFO : Design Build Finance Operate
DBOT : Design Build Operate Transfer
DCMF : Design Construct Manage Finance
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EPC : Engineering Procurement
Construction
In an EPC contract, the EPC contractor agrees to deliver a
fully commissioned plant to the owner for a fixed fee.
The EPC approach is gaining acceptance worldwide. It
does however need to be fully understood by both parties
if it is to work as expected.
The owner must have a clear idea as to the scope of the
project. Any changes later are likely to be costly.
The owner must then choose a reputable and
experienced EPC contractor and get the design of the
plant and associated machines inspected by in-house
experts or external consultants before proceeding.
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BOO : Build Own Operate
Dengan BOO contract, sebuah perusahaan swasta atau
BUMN ditunjuk untuk mengembangkan, membiayai,
mendesain, membangun, memiliki, mengoperasikan,
dan memelihara sebuah project.
Pihak Ketiga menguasai project sepenuhnya dan
menjaga operating revenue risk dan semua surplus
operating revenue selamanya (perpetuity).
Skema project BOO membutuhkan biaya besar dan
payback period lama.
Pendekatan kontrak BOO umum untuk sektor
pembangkit listrik (power generation).
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BOT : Build Operate Transfer
Satu bentuk kontrak antara a private company and a
governmental body atau a private company and a private
company, dimana Pihak Ketiga sepakat untuk membangun
(build), mengoperasikan (operate) fasilitas tersebut selama
periode waktu tertentu, dan mentransferkan kepemilikan
(transfer ownership) kepada Pihak Pertama.
Selama periode tersebut, Pihak Ketiga bertanggung jawab
atas biaya yang timbul dan berhak atas all revenues yang
dihasilkan dari project.
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Example : Bangun Rumah Kost
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BOOT : Build Own Operate Transfer
Financing arrangement dimana Pihak Ketiga
(1) designs and builds a complete project or facility at
little or no cost bagi Pihak Pertama,
(2) owns and operates the facility as a business for a
specified period (usually 10 to 30 years) after
which
(3) transfers it to the partner at a previously agreed-
upon or market-price.
A BOOT structure differs from BOT in that the
private entity owns the works.
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Advantages of BOOT projects
Mendorong investasi swasta
Memasukkan capital asing
Transfer technology & know-how
Menyelesaikan project sesuai time frame &
budget yang direncanakan
Membuka sumber finansial alternatif untuk
priority projects lainnya
Melepaskan beban pada public budget untuk
pembangunan infrastruktur
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BLT : Build Lease Transfer
Under BLT a private entity builds a complete project
and leases it to the government.
On this way the control over the project is transferred
from the project owner to a lessee.
In other words the ownership remains by the
shareholders but operation purposes are leased. After
the expiry of the leasing the ownership of the asset
and the operational responsibility are transferred to
the government at a previously agreed price.
For foreign investors taking into account the country
risk BLT provides good conditions because the project
company maintains the property rights while avoiding
operational risk.
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DBFO : Design Build Finance Operate
Designbuildfinanceoperate is a project delivery
method very similar to BOOT except that there is no
actual ownership transfer.
The contractor assumes the risk of financing till the
end of the contract period.
The owner then assumes the responsibility for
maintenance and operation.
This model is extensively used in specific
infrastructure projects such as toll roads.
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Toll roads projects
The private construction company is responsible for the design
and construction of a piece of infrastructure for the
government, which is the true owner.
Moreover the private entity has the responsibility to raise
finance during the construction and the exploitation period.
The cash flows serve to repay the investment and reward its
shareholders.
They end up in form of periodical payment to the government
for the use of the infrastructure.
The government has the advantage that it remains the owner
of the facility and at the same time avoids direct payment from
the users.
Additionally, the government succeeds to avoid getting into
debt and to spread out the cost for the road over the years of
exploitation.
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DBOT : Design Build Operate Transfer
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DBMF : Design Build Manage Finance
Some examples for the DCMF model are the prisons
(penjara) or the public hospitals.
A private entity is built to design, construct, manage, and
finance a facility, based on the specifications of the
government.
Project cash flows result from the governments payment
for the rent of the facility.
In the case of the hospitals, the government has the
ownership over the facility and has the price and quality
control.
This model could be interpreted as a mean to avoid new
indebtedness (hutang) of public finance.
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