Thuyet Minh (MDD)

N H THNG C IN T
THIT K MY NG DU
LI NI U
Ngy nay vi s pht trin ca khoa hc k thut v vic t ng ho ngy cng
cao gp phn lm gim sc lao ng ca con ngi. V vy, t ng ho l vn
rt cp thit hin nay.
n mn hc h thng c in t gip sinh vin hiu r thm v ng dng vo
thc t. Sau khi c hc cc mn v iu khin t ng v vi s hng dn ca thy
gio, nhm chng em chn ti THIT K MY NG DU T NG
ng du cho sn phm trong mt dy chuyn sn xut.
Vi s hng dn tn tnh ca thy gio hng dn ng Phc Vinh v s n
lc ca chng em hon thnh ti ca mnh. V y l n ln u c m hnh c
kh v lp trnh PLC nn trong khi thit k kh trnh khi nhng sai st, mong c
s ch bo ca cc thy trong khoa chng em nm vng thm kin thc v nhng
n ln sau c tt hn.
Chng em xin chn thnh cm n!
Nng, ngy 10 thng 8 nm 2013
Nhm Sinh Vin:
Nguyn Vn Hng
Trng Thanh Hi
SVTH : Nguyn Vn Hng - Trng Thanh Hi
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N H THNG C IN T
THIT K MY NG DU
M C L C
LI NI U...............................................................................................................1
CHNG 1: C S L THUYT V KH NN........................................................4
1.1. Tng quan v h truyn ng thu lc.................................................................4
1.1.1. Kh nng ng dng ca kh nn :..................................................................4
1.1.2. Nhng u im v nhc im ca h truyn ng bng kh nn:................4
1.1.3. Nguyn l truyn ng:.................................................................................5
1.1.4. n v o cc i lng c bn:....................................................................5
1.2. My nn kh v thit b x l kh nn..................................................................6
1.2.1. My nn kh:.................................................................................................6
1.2.2. Thit b x l kh nn:...................................................................................7
1.3. H thng thit b phn phi kh nn.....................................................................8
1.3.1. Bnh trch cha kh nn:................................................................................8
1.3.2. Mng ng ng dn kh nn:.......................................................................9
1.3.3. Cc phn t trong h thng iu khin:.........................................................9
1.3.4. Van o chiu:...............................................................................................9
1.3.5. Van tit lu:.................................................................................................15
1.3.6. Van iu chnh thi gian:.............................................................................16
1.3.7. Van chn khng:..........................................................................................16
1.3.8. Cc loi van khc:.......................................................................................17
1.3.9. Cc loi van in ng dng trong mch iu khin t ng kh nn:..........17
1.4 C cu chp hnh................................................................................................20
CHNG 2 : PHN TCH CC PHNG N V CHN PHNG N
THIT K MY NG DU SN PHM T NG............................................24
2.1 a ra cc phng n thit k............................................................................24
2.1.1. Phng n 1:...............................................................................................24
2.1.2. Phng n 2:...............................................................................................25
2.2. Kt lun chn phng n...................................................................................26
2.3. Thit k s nguyn l....................................................................................27
2.4. M t hot ng ca my...................................................................................28
CHNG 3 : TNH TON THIT K CC B PHN TRONG H THNG........29
3.1. Ngun cp kh nn.............................................................................................29
3.2. Tnh chn cc phn t kh..................................................................................30
3.2.1. Chn cc phn t thu lc:..........................................................................30
3.2.2. Tnh ton cc cm pittng-xylanh to ti trng:..........................................31
3.3. Tnh v chn cng sut ca bm v cng sut ng c in dn ng bm......32
3.4 Chn ng c......................................................................................................32
3.4.1. Mt s loi ng c bc thng gp:........................................................32
3.4.2. Chn ng c:.............................................................................................35
3.5. Tnh ton thit k bng ti..................................................................................36
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N H THNG C IN T
THIT K MY NG DU
3.5.1.Tnh chiu rng tm bng (B):.....................................................................37

3.5.2.Xc nh lc ko bng ti (Wo):...................................................................37
3.5.3.Tnh chn ng c:......................................................................................37
3.5.4.Thit k b truyn ai:.................................................................................38
3.6. Cm bin quang xc nh sn phm i qua........................................................40
3.6.1. Nguyn l hot ng chung ca cm bin quang:.......................................40
3.6.2. Cu trc c bn:..........................................................................................40
3.6.3. Cm bin quang BR100-DDTP:..................................................................41
3.7.Gii thiu chung v PLC....................................................................................42
3.7.1. Gii thiu s b v PLC:.............................................................................42
3.7.2. Phn loi:....................................................................................................43
3.7.3 Phn mm tr gip:......................................................................................44
3.7.4 Cc u im khi s dng h thng iu khin vi PLC...............................46
3.7.5 Gii thiu cc ngn ng lp tnh..................................................................46
3.7.6. Chng trnh iu khin (theo m hnh):....................................................49
TI LIU THAM KHO............................................................................................53
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N H THNG C IN T
THIT K MY NG DU
CHNG 1: C S L THUYT V KH NN
1.1. Tng quan v h truyn ng thu lc
1.1.1. Kh nng ng dng ca kh nn :
a) Trong lnh vc iu khin
H thng iu khin bng kh nn c s dng rng nhiu lnh vc,
cc thit b phun sn: cc loi g kp cc chi tit nha, cht do; hoc l c s
dng cho lnh vc sn xut cc thit b in t, v iu kin v sinh mi trng rt tt
v an ton cao. Ngoi ra h thng iu khin bng kh nn c s dng trong cc dy
chuyn ra t ng; trong cc thit b vn chuyn v kim tra ca thit b l hi b m
in, ng gi, bao b v trong cng nghip ha cht.
b) H thng truyn ng
- Cc dng c, thit b my va p: cc thit b, my mc trong lnh vc khai
thc, nh khai thc than, khai thc , trong cc cng trnh xy dng, nh xy dng
hm m, ng hm
- Truyn ng quay: nhng dng c vn vt t M4 n M300: my khoan, cng
sut khong 3,5 kW; my mi, cng sut khong 2,5 kW, cng nh nhng my mi vi
cng sut nh, nhng vi s vng quay cao 100.000 vng/pht th kh nng s dng
ng c truyn ng bng kh nn l ph hp.
- Truyn ng thng: vn dng truyn ng bng p sut kh nn cho chuyn
ng thng trong cc dng c, g kp cht chi tit, trong cc thit b ng gi, trong
cc loi my gia cng g, trong cc thit b lm lnh, cng nh trong h thng phanh
hm t.
- Trong cc h thng o v kim tra: dng trong cc thit b o v kim tra cht
lng sn phm.
1.1.2. Nhng u im v nhc im ca h truyn ng bng kh nn:
a) u im:
- C kh nng truyn nng lng i xa, bi v nht ng hc ca kh nn nh
v tn tht trn ng dn nh.
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N H THNG C IN T
THIT K MY NG DU
- Do kh nng chu nn (n hi) ln ca khng kh, nn c th tch cha kh

nn rt thun li. V vy c kh nng thnh lp trm trch cha kh nn.
- H thng kh nn sch, d cho s r r khng kh nn h thng ng dn, do
khng tn ti mi e da nhim bn.
- Chi ph nh thit lp mt h thng truyn ng bng kh nn, bi v phn
ln trong cc x nghip, nh my c sn ng dn kh nn.
- H thng phng nga qu p sut gii hn c m bo, nn tnh nguy him
ca qu trnh s dng h thng truyn ng bng kh nn thp.
- Cc thnh phn vn hnh trong h thng (c cu n ng, van) c cu to
n gin v gi thnh khng t.
- Cc van kh nn ph hp mt cch l tng i vi cc chc nng vn hnh
logic, v do c s dng iu khin trnh t phc tp v cc mc phc hp.
b) Nhc im:
- Lc truyn ti trng n c cu chp hnh thp.
- Khi ti trng h thng thay i, th vn tc truyn cng thay i theo, bi v
kh nng n hi ca kh nn ln (khng th thc hin chuyn ng thng hoc 5auk
u).
- Dng kh thot ra ng dn ra gy nn ting n.
-iu khin v cp kh iu khin hn so vi thy lc
1.1.3. Nguyn l truyn ng:
Th nng ca kh nn
C nng lm chuyn
PQ
ng thng v quay
Hnh 1.1 Nguyn l truyn ng

1.1.4. n v o cc i lng c bn:
a) p sut:
n v o c bn ca p sut theo h o lng SI l Pascal.
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N H THNG C IN T
THIT K MY NG DU
1 pascal l p sut phn b u ln b mt c din tch 1m2 vi lc tc dng

vung gc ln b mt l 1 Newton (N).
1 Pascal (Pa) = 1 N/m2
1 Pa = 1 kg.m/s2/m2 = 1 kg/ms2
Ngoi ra ta cn dng n v bar
1 bar = 105 Pa
b) Lc:
n v l Newton (N).
1 N l lc tc dng ln i trng c khi lng 1 kg vi gia tc 1 m/s2.
1 N = 1 kg.m/s2
c) Cng sut:
n v cng sut l Watt
1 Watt l cng sut trong thi gian 1 giy sinh ra nng lng 1 Joule.
1 W = 1 Nm/s
1W=1
m kg .m
. 2
s
s
1.2. My nn kh v thit b x l kh nn
1.2.1. My nn kh:
p sut kh c to ra t my nn kh, nng lng c hc ca ng c t
trong c chuyn i thnh nng lng kh nn v nhit nng.
My nn kh
kiu pittng
My nn kh kiu cnh
gt
My nn kh
kiu root
Hnh 1.2 Cc loi my nn kh

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N H THNG C IN T
THIT K MY NG DU
Nguyn tc hot ng, phn loi v phm vi ng dng my nn kh:

a) Nguyn tc hot ng:
- Nguyn l thay i th tch : khng kh c dn vo bung cha, th tch
ca bung cha s nh li. Nh vy theo nh lut Boylc-Mariotte p sut trong bung
cha s tng ln. My nn kh hot ng theo nguyn l ny, v d nh my nn kh
kiu pittong, bnh rng, cnh gt.
- Nguyn l ng nng : khng kh c dn vo bung cha, p sut kh nn
c to ra bng ng nng ca bnh dn. Nguyn tc hot ng ny to ra lu lng
v cng sut rt ln. My nn kh hot ng theo nguyn l ny, v d nh my nn kh
kiu li tm.
b) Phn loi:
- Theo p sut :
+ My nn kh p sut thp :
+ My nn kh p sut cao :
p 15 bar
p 15 bar
+ My nn kh p sut rt cao :
p 300 bar
- Theo nguyn l hot ng :

+ My nn kh theo nguyn l thay i th tch : my nn kh kiu
pittng, my nn kh kiu cnh gt, my nn kh kiu trc vt.
+ My nn kh tuabin : my nn kh li tm v my nn kh theo chiu
trc.
c) Phm vi ng dng ca cc loi my nn kh :
Thng s k thut chn my nn kh l p sut p v lu lng Q.
1.2.2. Thit b x l kh nn:
a) Yu cu v kh nn:
Kh nn c ti t my nn kh gm nhng cht bn th : nhng ht bi,
cht cn b ca du bi trn v truyn ng c kh, phn ln nhng cht bn ny c
x l trong thit b, gi l thit b lm lnh tm thi, sau khi kh nn y ra t my
nn kh. Sau kh nn c dn vo bnh lm hi nc ngng t, m ca kh
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N H THNG C IN T
THIT K MY NG DU
nn ( lng hi nc ) phn ln s c ngng t y. Giai on x l ny gi l giai

on x l th. Nu nh thit b thc hin x l kh nn giai on ny tt, hin i,
th kh nn c th c s dng, v d nhng dng c kh nn cm tay, nhng thit b,
g n gin dng kh nn.
Yu cu kh nn trong h thng iu khin v mt s thit b khc, i hi cht
lng kh cao.
b) Cc phng php x l kh nn :
+ Bnh ngng t - Lm lnh bng khng kh (bng nc): Kh nn sau khi ra khi
my nn kh s c dn vo bnh ngng t. Ti y p sut kh s c lm lnh v
phn lp lng hi nc cha trong khng kh s c ngng t v tch ra.
+ Thit b sy kh bng cht lm lnh: Kh nn t my nn kh s qua b phn trao
i nhit kh kh. Ti y dng kh nn vo s c lm lnh s b bng dng kh
nn c sy kh v x l t b phn ngng t i ln. cht bn, du bi trn cng
c tch ra.
+ Thit b sy kh bng hp th: Sy kh bng hp th c th l qu trnh vt l
hay l qu trnh ha hc.
- Van lc: Van lc c nhim v tch cc thnh phn cht bn v hi nc ra khi
kh nn c 2 nguyn l thc hin :
Chuyn ng xoy ca dng p sut kh nn trong van lc.
Phn t lc xp lm bng cc cht nh: vi dy kim loi, giy
thm t , kim loa thiu kt hay l vt liu tng hp.
1.3. H thng thit b phn phi kh nn
1.3.1. Bnh trch cha kh nn:
Bnh trch cha kh nn c nhim v l cn bng p sut kh nn t my nn kh
chuyn n, trch cha v ngng t, tch nc.
Kch thc bnh trch cha ph thuc vo cng sut ca my nn kh v cng sut tiu
th ca cc thit b my mc s dng, ngoi ra cn ph thuc vo phng php s
dng kh nn: v d s dng kh nn lin tc hay gin on.
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N H THNG C IN T
THIT K MY NG DU
Bnh trch cha kh nn lp rp trong khng gian thong, thc hin nhim v nh
va nu trn l ngng t v tch nc trong kh nn.
1.3.2. Mng ng ng dn kh nn:
Mng ng ng dn kh nn c th phn chia thnh 2 loi:
- Mng ng ng c lp rp c nh (v d mng ng ng trong nh my).
- Mng ng ng c lp rp di ng (v d mng ng ng trong dy chuyn
hoc trong my mc, thit b).
1.3.3. Cc phn t trong h thng iu khin:
- Phn t x l tn hiu : x l tn hiu nhn vo theo mt quy tc logic xc nh,
lm thay i trng thi ca phn t iu khin. V d : van o chiu, van tit lu, van
logic OR hoc AND.
- Phn t iu khin : iu khin dng nng lng (lu lng) theo yu cu, thay
i trng thi ca c cu chp hnh. V d : van o chiu, li hp
- C cu chp hnh : thay i trng thi ca i tng iu khin, l a lng ra
ca mch iu khin. V d : xi lanh, ng c.
Nhng h thng iu khin phc tp bao gm nhiu phn t, nhiu mch iu
khin khc nhau.
1.3.4. Van o chiu:
Van o chiu c nhim v iu khin dng nng lng bng cch ng, m hay
chuyn i v tr, thay i hng ca dng nng lng.
* Nguyn l hot ng ca van o chiu:
Hnh 1.3 Nguyn l hot ng ca van o chiu

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N H THNG C IN T
THIT K MY NG DU
Khi cha c tn hiu tc ng vo ca (12), th ca (1) b chn v ca (2) ni vi

ca (3). Khi c tn hiu tc ng vo ca (12), v d tc ng bng kh nn, nng van
s dch chuyn v pha bn phi, ca (1) ni vi ca (2) v ca (3) b chn. Trng hp
tn hiu tc ng vo ca (12) mt i, di tc ng ca lc l xo, nng van tr v v
tr ban u.
* K hiu van o chiu:
Hnh 1.4 K hiu cc ca ni ca van o chiu

* Tn hiu tc ng:
a) Tn hiu tc ng bng tay
a)
b)
c)
d)
Hnh 1.5 Cc tn hiu tc ng bng tay
a) K hiu nt n tng qut
b) Nt bm
c) Tay gt
d) Bn p
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N H THNG C IN T
THIT K MY NG DU
b) Tn hiu tc ng bng c
a)
b)
c)
d)
Hnh 1.6 Cc tn hiu tc ng bng c
f)
a) u d
b) C chn bng con ln tc ng hai chiu
c) C chn bng con ln, tv ng mt chiu
d) L xo
e) Nt n c rnh nh v
c) Tn hiu tc ng bng kh nn
a)
b)
c)
d)
Hnh 1.7 Cc tn hiu tc ng bng kh nn
f)
a)
Trc tip bng dng kh nn vo
b)
Trc tip bng dng kh nn
c)
Trc tip bng dng kh nn vo vi 2 u
nng van khc nhau
d)
Gin tip bng dng kh nn vo qua van ph
tr
e)
Gin tip bng dng kh nn ra qua van ph
tr
d) Tn hiu tc ng bng nam chm in
a)
b)
c)
Hnh 1.8 Cc tn hiu tc ng bng nam chm in
a)
b)
c)
Trc tip
Bng nam chm in v van ph tr
Tc ng theo hng c th
* Van o chiu c v tr 0: l loi van c tavs ng bng c l xo ln nng

van.
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N H THNG C IN T
THIT K MY NG DU
- Van o chiu 2/2: tn hiu tc ng bng c u d. Van c 2 ca P v R, 2 v

tr 0 v 1, v tr 0 ca P v R b chn.
Hnh 1.9 Van o chiu 2/2

Nu u d tc ng vo, t v tr 0 van s chuyn i sang v tr 1, nh vy
ca P v R s ni vi nhau. Khi u d khng tc ng na, th van s quay tr v v tr
ban u (v tr 0) bng lc nn ca l xo.
- Van o chiu 3/2: tn hiu tc ng bng c u d. Van c 3 ca P,A v R, c
2 v tr 0 v 1. V tr 0 ca P b chn. Ca A ni vi ca R, nu u d tc ng
vo, t v tr 0 van s c chuyn sang v tr 1, nh vy ca P v ca A s c
ni vi nhau, ca R b chn. Khi u d khng tc ng na, th van s quay tr v v
tr ban u (v tr 0) bng lc nn l xo.
Hnh 1.10 Van o chiu 3/2

- Tn hiu tc ng bng tay-nt n
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N H THNG C IN T
THIT K MY NG DU
Hnh 1.11 Tn hiu tc ng bng tay nt n

- Tn hiu tc ng bng nam chm qua van ph tr
Hnh 1.12 K hiu v kt cu van o chiu 3/2

tc ng bng nam chm in qua van ph tr
Ti v tr 0 ca P b chn, ca A ni vi ca R. Khi dng in vo cun dy,
pittng tr b ko ln, kh nn s theo hng P 1 , 12 tc ng ln pittng ph, pittong
ph b y xung, van s chuyn sang v tr 1, lc ny ca P ni vi ca A, ca R b
chn.
Khi dng in mt i, pittng tr b l xo ko xung v kh nn phn trn ca
pittng ph s theo ca Z thot ra ngoi.
- Van o chiu 4/2:
a)
b)
Hnh 1.13 Cc tn hiu tc ng
a) Tn hiu tc ng bng tay-bn p
b) Tn hiu tc ng trc tip bng nam chm in
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N H THNG C IN T
THIT K MY NG DU
- Van o chiu 5/2:
a)
b)
Hnh 1.14 Cc tn hiu tc ng
a) Tn hiu tc ng bng c-u d
b)Tn hiu tc ng bng kh nn
* Van o chiu khng c v tr 0: l van m sau khi tn hiu tc ng ln cui
ln nng van khng cn na, th van s gi nguyn v tr ln , chng no cha c tc
ng ln pha i din nng van. K hiu v tr tc ng l a,b,c
Tn hiu tc ng ln nng van c th l:
Tc ng bng tay, bn p.
Tn hiu tc ng bng dng kh nn iu khin i vo hay i ra t 2 pha ca
nng van.
Tn hiu tc ng trc tip bng in t hay gin tip bng dng kh nn i qua
van ph tr. Loi van ny oc gi l van o chiu xung, v v tr ca van c
thay i khi c tn hiu xung tc ng ln nng van.
- Van o chiu 3/2:
Hnh 1.15 Tn hiu tc ng bng tay

Khi v tr a, ca P ni vi ca A v ca R b chn. V tr b, ca A ni vi ca R
v ca P b chn.
- Van xoay o chiu 4/3: tn hiu tc ng bng tay.

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N H THNG C IN T
THIT K MY NG DU
Hnh 1.16 Tn hiu tc ng bng tay

Nu v tr xoay nm ti v tr a, th ca P ni vi ca A v ca B ni vi ca R. V
tr xoay nm v tr b th ca ni A,B,P,R u b chn. V tr xoay nm ti v tr c, th
ca P ni vi ca B v ca A ni vi ca R
- Van o chiu xung 4/2: tn hiu tc ng bng dng kh nn iu khin i t hai
pha nng van.
Hnh 1.17 Tn hiu tc ng bng dng kh nn

Khi x ca X, nng van s dch chuyn sang v tr b, ca P ni vi ca A v ca B
ni vi ca R.
Khi ca X ngng x kh, th v tr ca nng van vn nm v tr b cho n khi c
tn hiu x kh ca Y.
1.3.5. Van tit lu:
Van tit lu dng iu chnh lu lng dng kh
a)
b)
Hnh 1.18 Cc loi van tit lu
c)
a)Van tit lu c tit din khng thay i

b)Van tit lu c tit din thay i
c)Van tit lu mt chiu
1.3.6. Van iu chnh thi gian:
a) Rle thi gian ng chm:
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N H THNG C IN T
THIT K MY NG DU
Hnh 1.19 Rle thi gian ng chm

Kh nn qua van mt chiu, cn thi gian t 1 lm y bnh cha, sau
tc ng ln nng van o chiu, van o chiu chuyn i v tr, ca P ni vi ca A.
b) Rle tri gian ngt chm:
Hnh 1.20 Rle tri gian ngt chm

Rle thi gian ngt chm, nguyn l cu to cng tng t nh rle tri gian ng
chm, nhng van tit lu c chiu ngc li.
1.3.7. Van chn khng:
Van chn khng l c cu c nhim v ht v gi chi tit bng lc chn khng,
chn khng c to ra bng bm chn khng hay bng nguyn l ng Venturi.
Hnh 1.21 Van chn khng

Ta c lc ht chn khng:
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N H THNG C IN T
F
THIT K MY NG DU
.D 2
.p ( p =p0 pu)
4
Trong :
F Lc ht chn khng (N)
D ng knh a ht (m)
p0 p sut khng kh iu kin tiu chun (N/m2)
pu p sut chn khng tai ca U (N/m2)
Lc F ph thuc vo D v pu.
1.3.8. Cc loi van khc:
a)
b)
c)
Hnh 1.22 Cc loi van khc
d)
a) Van 1 chiu
b) Van logic OR
c) Van logic AND
d) Van x kh nhanh
1.3.9. Cc loi van in ng dng trong mch iu khin t ng kh nn:
a) Phn loi:
- Van Solenoid
- Van t l v van Servo
b) Cng dng:
- Van Solenoid: dng ng m (nh van phn phi thng thng), iu khin bng
nam chm in. c dng trong mch iu khin logic.
- Van t l v van Servo: l loi van phi hp gia hai loi van l van phn phi v
van tit lu (gi l van ng m lin tip), c th iu khin c v cp lu lng
qua van. c dng trong cc mch iu khin t ng.
c) Van Solenoid:
Trang 17
N H THNG C IN T
THIT K MY NG DU
Cu to ca van Solenoid gm cc b phn chnh sau:

- Loi iu khin trc tip gm: thn van, con trt v hai nam chm
in
- Loi iu khin gin tip gm: van s cp 1, cu to van s cp ging
van iu khin trc tip v van th cp 2 iu khin con trt bng kh nn, nh tc
dng ca van s cp.
Con trt ca van s hot ng 2 hay 3 v tr tu theo tc ng ca nam chm. C th
gi van Solenoid l van iu khin c cp.
Hnh 1.23 Kt cu v k hiu van Solenoid

d) Van t l:
Cu to ca van t l gm c 3 b phn chnh l : thn van, con trt,
nam chm in. thay i tit din ca van, tc l thay i hnh trnh ca con trt
bng cch thay i dng in iu khin ca nam chm. C th iu khin con trt
v tr bt k trong phm vi iu chnh nn van t l c th coi l van iu khin v cp.
Trang 18
N H THNG C IN T
THIT K MY NG DU
Hnh 1.24 Kt cu v k hiu ca van t l

e) Van Servo:
K hiu v kt cu ca mt loi van Servo in hnh
- K hiu:
Hnh 1.25 K hiu van Servo
Trang 19
N H THNG C IN T
THIT K MY NG DU
- Kt cu:
Hnh 1.26 Kt cu van Servo

1.4 C cu chp hnh
C cu chp hnh c nhim v bin i nng lng kh nn thnh nng lng c
hc.
C cu chp hnh c th thc hin chuyn ng thng (xylanh) hoc chuyn ng
quay (ng c kh nn).
trng thi lm vi n nh, th kh nng truyn nng lng c phng php tnh
ton ging thu lc.
V d:
Cng sut: N = p.Q
Vn tc :
N
Ft
(kh nn)
(c cu chp hnh)
Trang 20
N H THNG C IN T
THIT K MY NG DU
Hnh 1.27 Xylanh

C th :
p. A F1x Ft p
v
F1x Ft
A
Q
A
Mt s xylanh, ng c kh nn thng gp
a)Xylanh tc dng n (tc dng mt chiu):
p lc tc ng vo xylanh n ch mt pha, pha ngc li do l xo tc ng hay do
ngoi lc tc ng.
FZ A. pe FR FF
Trong :
FZ [daN] :
A
Lc tc ng ln pittng
D 2 .
cm 2 :
4
Din tch pittng
D [cm] :
ng kh pittng
pe [bar] :
p sut kh nn trong xylanh
FR :
Lc ma st, ph thuc vo cht lng b mt
gia pittng v xylanh, vn tc chuyn ng pittng, loi vng m. Lc ma st FR

0,15.A.p
FF : Lc l xo
Xylanh tc dng n c s dng cho thit b, g kp chi tit
Trang 21
N H THNG C IN T
THIT K MY NG DU
a)
b)
Hnh 1.28 K hiu xylanh tc dng n
a) Chiu tc ng ngc li do ngoi lc tc ng
b) Chiu tc ng ngc li do lc l xo tc ng
b)Xylanh tc dng hai chiu (tc dng kp):
Nguyn l hot ng ca xylanh tc dng 2 chiu (tc dng kp) l p sut kh nn
c dn vo c 2 pha ca xylanh
Hnh 1.29 K hiu xylanh tc dng 2 chiu

Tnh ton xylanh tc dng 2 chiu
- Lc tc ng ln cn pittng
+ Lc t ng khi cn pittng i ra:
FA A1 . pe 2 .
FA [daN] :
Lc tc ng khi c pittng i ra
A1 [cm2] :
Din tch mt y pittng, A1=.D2/4
D [cm] :
ng knh mt y pittng
pe2 [bar] :
Hiu sut xylanh, thng ly =0,8
+ Lc tc ng khi cn pittng i vo:

FE A2 . p e 2 .
FE [daN] :
Lc tc ng khi c pittng i vo
A2 [cm2] :
Din tch vng gng pittng. A2=.(D2-d2)/4
D [cm] :
ng knh mt y pittng
d [cm] :
ng knh cn pittng
pe2 [bar] :
Hiu sut xylanh, thng ly =0,8
c) Xylanh quay bng thanh rng:
Trang 22
N H THNG C IN T
THIT K MY NG DU
Hnh 1.30 Xylanh quay bng thanh rng

d) ng c kh nn 1 chiu, 2 chiu:
a)
b)
Hnh 1.31 Xylanh quay bng thanh rng
a)ng c kh nn 1 chiu
b) ng c kh nn 2 chiu
Trang 23
N H THNG C IN T
THIT K MY NG DU
CHNG 2 : PHN TCH CC PHNG N V CHN PHNG N

THIT K MY NG DU SN PHM T NG
2.1 a ra cc phng n thit k

Sn phm cn ng du l cc bao c ph, vic kim nh cht lng sn phm
con du in dng ch kim nh cht lng
thc hin vic ng du ln sn phm th cn phi c 2 chuyn ng chnh v
mt chuyn ng ph.
- Chuyn ng chnh th nht: l tnh tin kh hi ca cm mang u
ng du.
- Chuyn ng chnh th hai: l tnh tin kh hi ca u ng du
- Chuyn ng ph: l chuyn ng tnh tin kh hi ca b phn mang
sn phm cn ng du.
T ta c th a ra 2 phng n thit k nh sau:
2.1.1. Phng n 1:
Phng n ny s dng thun ty c kh
S dng b truyn bnh rng thanh rng thc hin chuyn ng
chnh th nht, ngun pht ng t ng c. Chuyn ng chnh th hai to ra bi c
cu Vtme-ai c, ngun pht ng t ng c th hai. Chuyn ng ph s dng cm
Robo Xilanh.
Trang 24
N H THNG C IN T
THIT K MY NG DU
6
5
3
2
1
Hnh 2.1 S nguyn l truyn ng ca phng n 1

ng c
6. Cm mang u ng du
Khp ni
7. ng c, hp gim tc
Hp gim tc
8. Vitme ai c
Bnh rng
9. u ng du
Thanh rng
Nguyn l hot ng :
T ng c quay truyn chuyn ng qua cc khp ni, hp gim tc n b
truyn bnh rng-thanh rng c tc dng lm cm mang u ng du chuyn ng
tnh tin t v tr ly mc ng du n v tr sn phm c c ng du. Lc ny
Trang 25
N H THNG C IN T
THIT K MY NG DU
ng c th hai hot ng truyn chuyn ng qua hp gim tc lm quay vtme, vt

me c mang u ng du s thc hin tc v ng du ln sn phm.
2.1.2. Phng n 2:
S dng h thng truyn ng bng kh nn
Hai chuyn ng chnh s c thc hin nh hai pittng-xylanh kh nn
tc ng kp. Trong khi chuyn ng ph l chuyn ng ca bng ti
2
Hnh 2.2 S nguyn l truyn ng ca phng n 2

1.Xylanh 1
2.Xylanh 2
Nguyn l hot ng :
Kh c cp t ngun cho xylanh 1, y pittng ca xylanh 1 tnh tin, u
pittng c mang xylanh 2. Khi n v tr ng du th kh s c cp cho xylanh 2 y
pittng ca xylanh 2 i xung thc hin ng du, sau pittng ca xylanh 2 li v.
Tip theo , n lt pittng ca xylanh 1 li v v tr ly mc ng du. Lc ny,
pittng ca xylanh 2 i xung u ng du ly mc ch b mc, sau khi ly mc
pittng ca xylanh 2 li v. Sau , chu trnh li lp li pittng ca xylanh 1 tin ti v
tr ng du v pittng ca xylanh 2 i xung ng du. nhn bit v tr ca cc
sn phm ta s dng cc cm bin, cc cm bin ny cng l tn hiu cho php cp kh
cc pittng chuyn ng v iu khin ng c iu khin bng ti
Trang 26
N H THNG C IN T
THIT K MY NG DU
2.2. Kt lun chn phng n

Yu cu ca sn phm sau khi ng du l: du phi c ng ng ngay gia
sn phm, v du phi r rng. Qua 2 phng a ra ta nhn thy:
+ Phng n 1, vi kt cu c kh c u im l lc ng du ln p ng vic
ng du r trn sn phm, d dng thc hin c nhng chuyn ng thng hay
quay u, so vi h thng iu khin bng kh nn th t gy ra ting n hn. Tuy
nhin, n c nhc im l chi ph cao khi ch to, cc chi tit cn c ch to chnh
xc p ng yu cu ca cng vic. Ngoi ra kch c my s ln, chim nhiu
khng gian, din tch v chnh xc khng cao so vi vic s dng h truyn ng
bng kh nn.
i vi phng n 2 khc phc nhng nhc im m phng n 1 gy ra.
+ Phn tch phng n 2:
iu khin kh nn c th dng cc phng n sau:
+ iu khin kh nn kt hp vi vi iu khin cp kh v iu khin bng
ti:
-C u im l: gi thnh r, n gin
-C nhc im l: khng n nh v i hi lm mch,ngn ng lp trnh cho vi
iu khin kh
+iu khin in kh nn:
- C nhc im l: kh lp rp v gii bi ton phc tp
+iu khin plc:
-C u im l:ngn ng lp trnh n gin v n nh cao v c s dng
rng ri
-C nhc im l: gi thnh ln
Chn phng n: t cc u im v nhc im c th chn mt trong cc
phng n trn tuy nhin hin nay plc c s dng rng ri i sng v
tm hiu r hn v plc nn n ny phng n c s dng l plc
Trang 27
N H THNG C IN T
THIT K MY NG DU
2.3. Thit k s nguyn l

Vi phng n la chn ta tin hnh thit k nguyn l.
- S khi:
Hnh 2.3 S khi m t cng on ng du

2.4. M t hot ng ca my
Sn phm c a vo bng ti, nh cm bin nhn bit lm ng c dng .
thng qua cm bin lm xi lanh B i xung nhng mc i ln sau sang tri v i
xung ng du sau thng qua cm bin lm ng c cp in a sn phm v
pha bn kia, c 2 ln ng du th nhng mc 1 ln mc khng b lm.
Trang 28
N H THNG C IN T
THIT K MY NG DU
CHNG 3 : TNH TON THIT K CC B PHN TRONG

H THNG
3.1. Ngun cp kh nn
+ My nn kh:
Dng loi my nn kh hot ng theo nguyn l thay i th tch: khng kh c dn
vo bung cha, th tch ca bung cha s nh li. Theo nh lut BoyleMariotte.
P
V1
2 abs (V2 < V1
V2
P1abs
P2abs > P1abs)
Th p sut trong bung cha s tng ln

Chn loi bm cnh gt mt cp (n).
Lu lng: Q .D Z . .2.e.b.
n
(m3/s)
60
Trong :
[m] :
chiu dy cnh gt
Z:
s cnh gt
n [vng/pht] : s vng quay rto

:
hiu sut ( = 0,7 0,8)
e [m] :
lch tm
D [m]:
ng knh stato
b [m]:
chiu rng cnh gt
+ S vng quay rto: n = 1450 [vng/pht]

+ S cnh gt ti u: Z opt 3
1R
1 2
3d
lch tm tng i :
e
R
Trang 29
N H THNG C IN T
THIT K MY NG DU
hay:
Rr
R
3.2. Tnh chn cc phn t kh

S liu cho trc:
- Trng lng:
+ Sn phm c G1 = 10 KG
+ Cm mang u ng du c G2 = 5 KG.
+ u ng du G3 = 3 KG.
+ Np y b mc G4 = 0,05 KG. (lm bng m-ca).
- Lc ng du yu cu ( in mc ln sn phm):
Fddct = 0,05 N (Fddct : lc ng du cn thit)
3.2.1. Chn cc phn t thu lc:
- Van Servo.
- Lc cao p.
- ng h o p sut.
- Van trn.
- Bm kh: bm cnh gt 1 cp.
- Van cn.
A1
Trang 30
N H THNG C IN T
A2
THIT K MY NG DU
d
D
P1,Q1
P2,Q2
bnh trch cha kh
Hnh 3.1 S mch thu lc cho mt b phn cng tc

3.2.2. Tnh ton cc cm pittng-xylanh to ti trng:
a) Cm pittng-xylanh y sn phm vo- ra v tr ng du:
Hnh 3.2 Cm pittng-xylanh
Phng trnh cn bng lc:

P1.A1 P2.A2 = Ft + Fmsc + Fmsp + Fqt = Ft +f.v1+m.dv1/dt (*)
Khi n nh dv1/dt=0, b qua st;chn P2=3-5 kg/ cm 2
Ft
Tnh gn ng b qua P2 v A2
Ta c: P1.A1=Ft chn P1=120 kg/ cm 2
Trang 31
N H THNG C IN T
A1 (cm2):
THIT K MY NG DU
din tch pittng bung cng tc.

A1= Ft/P1=0.83 cm 2
A2 (cm2):
din tch pittng bung chy khng

A2=A1/2= 0,42 cm 2
Phng trnh lu lng

- Xt hnh trnh cng tc:
Q1 =A1V1+C.dp1/dt +r.P1
Khi n nh dp1/dt=0 v b qua r kh
Q1=A1.V1=0,83.300=249 cm 3 /s
- Xt hnh trnh li v:
V2=Q1/A2=592 cm/s
b)Cm pittng-xylanh y u du:
P1.A1 P2.A2 = Ft + Fmsc + Fmsp + Fqt = Ft +f.v1+m.dv1/dt (*)
Khi n nh dv1/dt=0, b qua st;chn P2=3-5 kg/ cm 2
Ta c: P1.A1=Ft chn P1=120 kg/ cm 2
A1= Ft/P1=50/120=0.42 cm 2
A2=A1/2=0.2 cm 2
- Xt hnh trnh cng tc:

Q1 =A1V1+C.dp1/dt +r.P1
Khi n nh dp1/dt=0 v b qua r kh
Q1=A1.V1=0,42.300=126 cm 3 /s
- Xt hnh trnh li v:
V2=Q1/A2=630 cm/s
3.3. Tnh v chn cng sut ca bm v cng sut ng c in dn ng bm
-Thng s k thut chn bm l p sut p v lu lng Q.
Chn P0 v Q0: P0=P1 / b =141 kg/ cm 2
b = (0,8 0,9), chn b = 0,87
Q0=Q1/ = 311 cm 3 /s
Trang 32
N H THNG C IN T
THIT K MY NG DU
= (0,8 0,9), chn b = 0,8

- Cng sut ng c in dn ng bm
B qua tn tht: N=P0.Q0=Fl.V=M0.
3.4 Chn ng c
3.4.1. Mt s loi ng c bc thng gp:
a) ng c bin t tr:
Hnh 3.3 ng c bc bin t tr

Nu motor c 3 cun dy, c ni nh trn, vi u ni chung cho tt c cc cun,
th n l ng c bc bin t tr. Khi s dng, dy ni chung (C) thng c ni
vo cc dng ca ngun v cc cun c kch theo th t lin tc. u thp l rotor
ca ng c bin t tr quay 30 mi bc. Rotor trong ng c ny c 4 rng v
stator c 6 cc, mi cun qun quanh hai cc i din. Khi cun 1 c kch in,
rng X ca rotor b ht vo cc 1. Nu dng qua cun 1 b ngt v ng dng qua cun
2, rotor s quay 30 theo chiu kim ng h v rng Y s ht vo cc 2. quay ng
c ny mt cch lin tc, chng ta ch cn cp in lin tc lun phin cho 3 cun.
Theo logic t ra, trong bng di y 1 c nghizx l c dng in i qua cc cun, v
chui iu khin sau s quay ng c theo chiu kim ng h 24 bc hoc 2 vng:
Cun 1
1001001001001001001001001
Cun 2
0100100100100100100100100
Cun 3
0010010010010010010010010
b) ng c n cc:
ng c bc n cc, c nam chm vnh cu v ng c hn hp, vi 5,6 hoc
8 dy ra thng c qun nh s
Trang 33
N H THNG C IN T
THIT K MY NG DU
Hnh 3.4 ng c bc n cc
Vi mt u ni trung tm trn cc cun. Khi dng, cc u ni trung tm thng
c ni vo cc dng ngun cp, v hai u cn li ca mi mu ln lt ni t
o chiu t trng to bi cun . Mu 1 nm trn v di ca stator, cn mu 2
nm hai cc bn phi v bn tri ng c. Rotor l mt nam chm vnh cu vi 6
cc, 3 Nam v 3 Bc, xp xen k trn vng trn.
x l gc bc mc cao hn, rotor phi c nhiu cc i xng hn.
Dng in i qua t u trung tm ca mu 1 n u a to ra cc Bc trong stator
trong khi cc cn li ca stator l cc Nam. Nu in mu 1 b ngt v kch mu
2, rotor s quay 30, hay 1 bc. quay ng c mt cch lin tc, chng ta chi p
in vo hai mu ca ng c theo dy.
Mu 1a
1000100010001000100010001 Mu 1a 1100110011001100110011001
Mu 1b
0010001000100010001000100 Mu 1b 0011001100110011001100110
Mu 2a
0100010001000100010001000 Mu 2a 0110011001100110011001100
Mu 2b
0001000100010001000100010 Mu 2b 1001100110011001100110011
thi gian
thi gian
V tr c to ra bi hai chui trn khng ging nhau; kt qu, kt hp 2 chui

trn cho php iu khin na bc, vi vic dng ng c mt cch ln lt ti nhng
v tr nu mt dy trn. Chui kt hp nh sau:
Mu 1a
11000001110000011100000111
Mu 1b
00011100000111000001110000
Mu 2a
01110000011100000111000001
Mu 2b
00000111000001110000011100
thi gian
Trang 34
N H THNG C IN T
THIT K MY NG DU
Ngoi hai loi trn cn c:

+ ng c hai cc
Hnh 3.5 ng c hai cc
+ ng c nhiu pha
Hnh 3.6 ng c nhiu pha

3.4.2. Chn ng c:
Chn loi ng c bc nam chm vnh cu quay 1,8 mi bc.
Trang 35
N H THNG C IN T
Hnh 3.7 ng c bc Size 1,8
THIT K MY NG DU
Hnh 3.8 Stator
Hnh 3.9 Trc chnh ng c
Hnh 3.10 Cc kch thc c bn ca ng c Size 1,8

Vi mi kch thc A s c nhiu loi ng c khc nhau, ta chn ng
c c s hiu l 5718L-01S c A = 78,7 mm.
Bng 3.1 Thng s k thut ca ng c 5718L-01S
Trang 36
N H THNG C IN T
I(A/1 bc)
1,40
Trong :
THIT K MY NG DU
Mx(N.m) R(/1 bc)

2,08
4,50
L(mH/1 bc)
15,30
Pqt(N)
2,60
I (A)
Cng dng in tnh cho 1 bc.
Mx (N.m)
Momen xon trn trc ng c.
R ()
in tr ca ng c tnh cho 1 bc.
L (mH)
in cm ca ng c tnh cho 1 bc.
m (kg)
Khi lng ca ng c.
S cun dy u ra.
m(kg)
2,20
S
4
3.5. Tnh ton thit k bng ti

t
Hnh 3.11 H thng bng ti ai

S liu ban u ( t chn):
+ Chiu di bng ti L = 20 (m)
+ Trng lng kin hng Gv = 10 (kg), bc b tr a = 0,5( m)

+ Trng lng 1 m bng 1,2 (kg)
+ Trng lng phn quay con ln : Gcl = 0,8 (kg)
+ Bc t con ln trn nhnh c ti:
t = 0,5 (m);
trn nhnh khng ti:
t = 0,9 (m)
+ H s cn chuyn ng ca bng trn cc con ln: c = 0, 025
+ H s cn khi bng vng qua cc tang: k = 2,2
+ Tc vn chuyn v = 1,2 (m/s)
+ Hiu sut trm dn = 0,75
3.5.1.Tnh chiu rng tm bng (B):
Chiu rng tm bng c xc nh trn c s m bo nng sut yu cu.
i vi dng vt liu ang xt l dng n chic nn chiu rng tm bng c ly ln
hn kch thc ln nht ca vt liu vt vn chuyn t 100 200 (mm).
B = 200 + 100 = 300 (mm).
Trang 37
N H THNG C IN T
THIT K MY NG DU
3.5.2.Xc nh lc ko bng ti (Wo):

Wo = k [( qvl + 2 qb+ qcl + q'cl ) cos L c + qvl L sin]
Trong :
Wo:lc ko bng ti
k : h s cn chuyn ng khi vng qua cc on cong, k = 2,2
qvl : trng lng 1 n v di vt liu trn bng, qvl = 200 (N/m)
qb : trng lng 1 n v di tm bng, qb = 12 (N/m)
qcl : trng lng phn b trn 1 n v di ca cc con ln trn nhnh c
ti, qcl = 16(kg/m)
q'cl : trng lng phn b trn 1 n v di ca cc con ln trn nhnh
khng c ti, q'cl = 8,89(N/m)
: gc nghing t bng, = 0
L : chiu di bng ti, L = 20 (m)
c : h s cn chuyn ng, c = 0,025
Wo = 2,2 [( 200 + 2 12+ 16 + 8,89 ) 20 0,025 ]
= 273,779 (N/m)
3.5.3.Tnh chn ng c:
Cng sut cn c trn bng ti:
Nt =
W0 v
273,779 1,2
= 1000 0,75 = 0,44 (kW)
1000
Hiu sut ca h thng :

=
k2 =0,94 0,992 = 0,921
Vi:
+ k = 0,99: hiu sut khp
+ = 0,94: hiu sut b truyn ai
+ Cng sut cn thit trn trc ng c:
Nct =
0,44
0,921
= 0,478 (kw)
Nh vy ta chn loi ng c khng ng b ba pha c rto on mch loi

AO2(AO2)11-4 c:
- Cng sut: N = 0,6 kW
- S vng quay: n = 1500 vg/ph
- ti trng nh mc
+ Vn tc: nm = 1350 vg/ph
+ Hiu sut: H = 72%
Trang 38
N H THNG C IN T
- T s: Mm/Mm = 1,8
THIT K MY NG DU
(Mm mmen m my)
Mmax/Mm = 2,2
(Mmax mmen ln nht)
Mmin/Mm = 1,2
(Mmin mmen nh nht)

(Mm mmen nh mc)
- Khi lng ca ng c: mc = 15 kg.

3.5.4.Thit k b truyn ai:
1.Chn loi ai
Gi thit vn tc ca ai v < 5 m/s, ta chn loi ai thang v truyn c momen
xon ln, cng sut truyn n nh, gi thnh r hn cc loi ai khc nh ai da, ai
vi
Theo bng 5-13, trang 93 sch Thit k chi tit my, Nguyn Trng Hip-Nguyn
Vn Lm, ta chn loi ai A.
Kch thc tit din ai a h, mm v din tch tit din F [mm2 ]
Theo bng 5-11, trang 92 sch Thit k chi tit my, Nguyn Trng Hip-Nguyn Vn
Lm, ta chn
Bng 3.2 Thng s ai

Cc thng s tnh ton
Loi ai
Cc s liu tnh c
A
13 8
104
a h ,(mm)
F , (mm2)
2.nh ng knh bnh ai nh D1
Theo bng 5-14 v bng 5-15, trang 93 sch Thit k chi tit my, Nguyn Trng HipNguyn Vn Lm, ta chn c
D1 = 100 (mm)
Kim nghim vn tc ca ai :
v = 7,85 (mm)
Vy tho mn iu kin v < vmax = (30 35 )m/s
3.Tnh ng knh D2 ca bnh ln
Da vo cng thc ta tnh c:
D2 = 326(mm)
Theo bng 5-15, trang 93 sch Thit k chi tit my, Nguyn Trng Hip-Nguyn Vn
Lm, ly ng knh bnh ln theo tiu chun:
D2 = 360(mm)
- Kim nghim s vng quay thc n2 ca trc b dn
Trang 39
N H THNG C IN T
THIT K MY NG DU
n2 = 448,33 vg/ph
Ta thy n2 sai lch rt t so vi yu cu (< 5%).
ndc
1500
- Tnh li t s truyn: ing ' = 448,33 3,35
n2
4.Chn s b khong cch trc A
Vn Lm, ta c
vi i =4 th A = 0,95 D2 = 342 (mm)
5.Tnh chiu di ai L theo khong cch trc A s b
Theo cng thc 5-1, trang 83 sch Thit k chi tit my, Nguyn Trng HipNguyn Vn Lm, ta c
L = 1445 (mm)
Vn Lm, ly L theo tiu chun :
L = 1500 (mm)
Kim nghim s vng chy u trong 1 giy :
u=
v
7,85
5,23
L
1,5
Ta thy u < umax =10 Tho iu kin.

6.Xc nh chnh xc khong cch trc A theo chiu di ai ly theo
tiu chun
A = 383 (mm)
Tnh khong cch nh nht cn thit mc ai:
Amin = A-0,015 L=383-0,015 1500=360,5 (mm)
Khong cch ln nht cn thit to lc cng: Amax = A + 0,03 L
=383+0,03 1500
=428 (mm)
7.Tnh gc m 1
1 = 1440
Vy ta thy gc m tho mn iu kin 1 120 0
8.Xc nh s ai Z cn thit.
Z = 3,34
Chn z = 4
9.nh cc kch thc ch yu ca bnh ai
- Chiu rng ca bnh ai B:
Theo cng thc 5-23, trang 96 sch Thit k chi tit my, Nguyn Trng HipNguyn Vn Lm, ta c
B = (z-1) t + 2 s = (4-1) 16 + 2 10=68(mm)
- ng knh ngoi ca bnh ai :
Dn1 = 107(mm)
Dn2 = 349(mm)
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10.Tnh lc cng ban u S0.

S0 = 124,8(N)
- Tnh lc tc dng ln trc R:
R = 1424,3(n)
3.6. Cm bin quang xc nh sn phm i qua
3.6.1. Nguyn l hot ng chung ca cm bin quang:
Hu ht cc cm bin quang c ch to da trn cc hiu ng quang in
( hiu ng quang in ni v hiu ng quang in ngoi), hiu ng quang in
t.
Hiu ng gii phng ht dn di tc dng ca nh sng bng hiu ng
quang in gy nn s thay i tnh cht ca vt liu. y chnh l nguyn l c
bn ca cm bin quang in.
3.6.2. Cu trc c bn:
Cu trc ca cm bin quang kh n gin, bao gm 3 thnh phn chnh:
B pht sng
Mch
x l
tn hiu ra
B thu sng
Hnh 3.12 Cu trc c bn ca cm bin quang
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THIT K MY NG DU
3.6.3. Cm bin quang BR100-DDTP:
Hnh 3.13 Cm bin quang BR100-DDTP
Hnh 3.14 Cu to bn trong v cch u dy

3.7.Gii thiu chung v PLC
3.7.1. Gii thiu s b v PLC:
L thit k mt b iu khin tha mn cc yu cu sau:
- Lp trnh d dng, ngn ng lp trnh d hiu.
- D dng sa cha, thay th.
- nh trong mi trng cng nghip.
Thit b iu khin logic kh trnh (PLC: Programmeble Logic Control), l loi thit b
cho php thc hin linh hot cc thut ton iu khin s thng qua mt ngn ng lp
trnh, thay cho vic th hin thut ton bng s.
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N H THNG C IN T
THIT K MY NG DU
Hnh 3.15 V d lp trnh PLC

Tng ng vi mch s:
Hnh 3.16 Mch s

Nh vy, vi chng trnh iu khin nh hnh, PLC tr thnh b iu khin s
nh gn, d thay i thut ton v c bit d trao i thng tin vi mi trng xung
quanh ( vi cc PLC khc nhau vi my tnh). Ton b chng trnh iu khin c
lu nh trong b nh PLC di dng cc khi chng trnh ( khi OB OF hoc FB) v
thc hin theo chu k vng qut.
Hnh 3.17 H thng iu khin s dng PLC
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3.7.2. Phn loi:

PLC c phn theo 2 cch:
-
Hng sn xut: gm cc nhn hiu nh Siemen, Omron, Misubishi,

Alenbratlay
Version.
V d: PLC Siemen c cc h S7-200, S7-300, S7-400, Logo.

PLC Misubishi c cc h Fx, Fxo, Fxon
Hnh 3.18 Cc module ca h S7-200

3.7.3 Phn mm tr gip:
V4.0,v5.0..STEP7MICROWIN v chng trnh m phng S7-200SIMULARTOR
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THIT K MY NG DU
Hnh 3.19 Phn mm V4.0 STEP7MICROWIN
Hnh 3.20 Phn mm m phng

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3.7.4 Cc u im khi s dng h thng iu khin vi PLC

- Khng cn u dy cho s iu khin logic nh kiu rle.
- C mm do s dng rt cao, nu mn ch cn thay i chng trnh iu khin
( phn mm).
- Chim v tr khng gian nh trong h thng.
- Nhiu chc nng iu khin.
- Tc cao.
- Cng sut tiu th nh.
- Khng cn quan tm nhiu v vn lp rp.
- C kh nng m rng s lng u vo/ra khi ni thm cc khi vo/ra chc nng.
- To kh nng m ra cc lnh vc p dng mi.
Chnh nh nhng u th , PLC hin nay c s dng rng ri trong cc h thng
iu khin t ng, cho php nng cao nng sut sn xut, cht lng v s ng b
sn phm, tng hiu sut, gim nng lng tiu tn, tng mc an ton, tin nghe v
thoi mi trong lao ng. ng thi cho php nng cao tnh th trng ca sn phm.
3.7.5 Gii thiu cc ngn ng lp tnh
Cc loi PLC ni chung thng c nhiu ngn ng lp trnh nhm phc v cc i
tng s dng khc nhau. PLC S7-300 c 5 ngn ng lp trnh c bn. l:
-
Ngn ng hnh thang, k hiu l LAD ( Ladder logic);
Hnh 3.21 Ngn ng LAD

y l ngn ng ha thch hp vi nhng ngi quen thit k mch logic.
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THIT K MY NG DU
- Ngn ng lit k lnh k hiu STL (Statement list).
Hnh 3.22 Ngn ng STL

y l dng ngn ng lp trnh thng thng ca my tnh. Mt chng trnh c
ghp gi nhiu cu lnh theo mt thut ton nht nh, mi lnh chim mt hng v
u c cu trc chung l
tn lnh + ton hng
- Ngn ng hnh khi, k hiu l FBD ( Function Block Diagram).
Hnh 3.23 Ngn ng FBD

y cng l ngn ng ha thch hp vi nhng ngi quen thi k mch iu khin
s.
- Ngn ng GRAPH.
y l ngn ng lp trnh cp cao dng ha. Cu trc chng trnh r rng, chng
trnh ngn gn. Thch hp ho ngi trong ngnh c kh vn quen vi gin Grafcet
ca kh nn.
-Ngn ng High GRAPH.
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Hnh 3.24 Ngn ng High GRAPH

L dng ngn ng lp trnh pht trin t ngn ng lp trnh GRAPH
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3.7.6. Chng trnh iu khin (theo m hnh):
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TI LIU THAM KHO

[1] PGS.TS Trn Xun Ty - H thng truyn dn thy lc kh nn, i hc bch
khoa-i hc Nng.
[2] Nguyn Ngc Phng - H thng iu khin bng kh nn, Nh xut bn gio dc,
nm 1999.
[3] Nguyn Trng Hip, Nguyn Vn Lm - Thit k chi tit my, Nh xut bn gio
dc nm 1998.
Trong bo co ny cn s dng mt s ngun ti liu trn mng:
Mt s trang Web v iu khin ng c bc
http://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BB%99ng_c%C6%A1_b
%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Bc (29/07/2013).
http://giaoan.violet.vn/present/show?entry_id=876027 (07/08/2013).
http://bientan.wordpress.com/2012/03/30/gioi-thieu-ve-cam-bien-quang/#more-2945
(07/08/2013)
http://www.hungphu.com.vn/images/sp/lon/11V3871BP0W0WY9.jpg (07/08/2013).
Trang 53

Thuyet Minh (MDD)

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Thuyet Minh (MDD)

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N H THNG C IN T

SVTH : Nguyn Vn Hng - Trng Thanh Hi

3.5.1.Tnh chiu rng tm bng (B):.....................................................................37

SVTH : Nguyn Vn Hng - Trng Thanh Hi

SVTH : Nguyn Vn Hng - Trng Thanh Hi

- Do kh nng chu nn (n hi) ln ca khng kh, nn c th tch cha kh

Hnh 1.1 Nguyn l truyn ng

SVTH : Nguyn Vn Hng - Trng Thanh Hi

1 pascal l p sut phn b u ln b mt c din tch 1m2 vi lc tc dng

Hnh 1.2 Cc loi my nn kh

Nguyn tc hot ng, phn loi v phm vi ng dng my nn kh:

- Theo nguyn l hot ng :

SVTH : Nguyn Vn Hng - Trng Thanh Hi

nn ( lng hi nc ) phn ln s c ngng t y. Giai on x l ny gi l giai

SVTH : Nguyn Vn Hng - Trng Thanh Hi

Hnh 1.3 Nguyn l hot ng ca van o chiu

Khi cha c tn hiu tc ng vo ca (12), th ca (1) b chn v ca (2) ni vi

Hnh 1.4 K hiu cc ca ni ca van o chiu

SVTH : Nguyn Vn Hng - Trng Thanh Hi

* Van o chiu c v tr 0: l loi van c tavs ng bng c l xo ln nng

- Van o chiu 2/2: tn hiu tc ng bng c u d. Van c 2 ca P v R, 2 v

Hnh 1.9 Van o chiu 2/2

Hnh 1.10 Van o chiu 3/2

SVTH : Nguyn Vn Hng - Trng Thanh Hi

Hnh 1.11 Tn hiu tc ng bng tay nt n

Hnh 1.12 K hiu v kt cu van o chiu 3/2

SVTH : Nguyn Vn Hng - Trng Thanh Hi

- Van o chiu 5/2:

Hnh 1.15 Tn hiu tc ng bng tay

- Van xoay o chiu 4/3: tn hiu tc ng bng tay.

Hnh 1.16 Tn hiu tc ng bng tay

Hnh 1.17 Tn hiu tc ng bng dng kh nn

a)Van tit lu c tit din khng thay i

Hnh 1.19 Rle thi gian ng chm

Hnh 1.20 Rle tri gian ngt chm

Hnh 1.21 Van chn khng

SVTH : Nguyn Vn Hng - Trng Thanh Hi

Cu to ca van Solenoid gm cc b phn chnh sau:

Hnh 1.23 Kt cu v k hiu van Solenoid

SVTH : Nguyn Vn Hng - Trng Thanh Hi

Hnh 1.24 Kt cu v k hiu ca van t l

Hnh 1.25 K hiu van Servo

SVTH : Nguyn Vn Hng - Trng Thanh Hi

Hnh 1.26 Kt cu van Servo

SVTH : Nguyn Vn Hng - Trng Thanh Hi

Hnh 1.27 Xylanh

Din tch pittng

p sut kh nn trong xylanh

Lc ma st, ph thuc vo cht lng b mt

gia pittng v xylanh, vn tc chuyn ng pittng, loi vng m. Lc ma st FR

SVTH : Nguyn Vn Hng - Trng Thanh Hi

Hnh 1.29 K hiu xylanh tc dng 2 chiu

Din tch mt y pittng, A1=.D2/4

p sut kh nn trong xylanh

Hiu sut xylanh, thng ly =0,8

+ Lc tc ng khi cn pittng i vo:

Din tch vng gng pittng. A2=.(D2-d2)/4

p sut kh nn trong xylanh

Hiu sut xylanh, thng ly =0,8

c) Xylanh quay bng thanh rng:

SVTH : Nguyn Vn Hng - Trng Thanh Hi

Hnh 1.30 Xylanh quay bng thanh rng

SVTH : Nguyn Vn Hng - Trng Thanh Hi

CHNG 2 : PHN TCH CC PHNG N V CHN PHNG N