Signals & Systems FEEE, HCMUT

Ch-1: C bn v tn hiu v h thng

Lecture-2
1.2. C bn v h thng
Signals & Systems FEEE, HCMUT
1.2. C bn v h thng
1.2.1. H thng lin tc v h thng ri rc
1.2.2. V d n gin v h thng
1.2.3. Kt ni bn trong h thng
1.2.4. Cc tnh cht c bn ca h thng
Signals & Systems FEEE, HCMUT
1.2.1. H thng lin tc v h thng ri rc
nh ngha: h thng x l cc tn hiu vo v to cc tn
hiu u ra
System
Tn hiu vo
Tn hiu ra
Hardware
(electrical,
mechanical,
hydraulic,)
Software
(Algorithms)
H thng lin tc: Tn hiu vo lin tc tn hiu ra lin tc
H thng ri rc: Tn hiu vo ri rc tn hiu ra ri rc
M hnh ton: Mi h thng u c m t bi 1 phong trnh
ton m t quan h gia ng ra vi ng vo
Signals & Systems FEEE, HCMUT
1.2.2. V d n gin v h thng
V d 1: mch in
e(t)
R
C
+
-
u
c
(t)
i(t)
e(t) u
c
(t)
c
du (t)
c dt
RC u (t)=e(t)
V d 2: c hc
x(t) y(t)
2
2
d y(t) dy(t) dx(t)
m +b +ky(t)=b +kx(t)
dt dt dt
Signals & Systems FEEE, HCMUT
1.2.2. V d n gin v h thng
V d 2: H thng tnh s d trong ti khon ngn hng hng thng
f(n) y(n)
y(n)=1.01y(n 1)+f(n)
f(n): tng tin np vo ti khon trong thng th n
y(n): s d ti khon thng th n
li sut tit kim l 1% hng thng
Signals & Systems FEEE, HCMUT
1.2.3. Kt ni bn trong h thng
Cc h thng trn thc t c to thnh t cc h thng con thng
qua cc dng kt ni nh sau:
Ghp lin tng:
Ghp song song:
Input System 1 System 2 Output
Input
System 1
System 2
Output
+
Signals & Systems FEEE, HCMUT
1.2.3. Kt ni bn trong h thng
Ghp hi tip:
Input System 1
System 2
Output
+
Signals & Systems FEEE, HCMUT
1.2.4. Cc tnh cht c bn ca h thng
a) Tnh c nh
b) Tnh kh nghch
c) Tnh nhn qu
d) Tnh n nh
e) Tnh bt bin
f) Tnh tuyn tnh
Signals & Systems FEEE, HCMUT
a) Tnh c nh
H thng khng nh: ng ra khng ph thuc vo ng vo trong
qu kh (ng vo trc thi im hin ti ang xt). V d, mch
thun tr:
H thng c nh: Ng ra ph thuc vo ng vo trong qu kh.
V d, mch in c phn t L, C:
u(t)=Ri(t)
t
1
C C C
-
u (t)= i (t)dt
t
1
L L L
-
i (t)= u (t)dt
Signals & Systems FEEE, HCMUT
b) Tnh kh nghch
H thng kh nghch: ng vo phn bit ng ra phn bit. Khi
tn ti mt h thng nghch o khi ghp lin tng hai h
thng thun v nghch to thnh h thng n v. V d:
H thng khng kh nghch: khng phi l h thng kh nghch.
V d:
y(t)=2f(t)
2
y(t)=f (t)
1
2
w(t)= y(t)
f(t)
y(t)
w(t)=f(t)
Signals & Systems FEEE, HCMUT
c) Tnh nhn qu
H thng nhn qu: ng ra khng ph thuc vo ng vo trong
tng lai (ng vo sau thi im hin ti ang xt). V d:
H thng khng nhn qu: ng ra ph thuc vo ng vo tng
lai. V d:
y(t)=f(t)+f(t 2)
y(t)=f(t+2)+f(t 2)
f(t)
1
t
1
y(t)
-2 -1
t
1
2 3 1
( 2) y t
0 1
t
1
4 5
2
3
?
Nu chp nhn
tr c th thc
hin c!!!
Signals & Systems FEEE, HCMUT
d) Tnh n nh
H thng n nh: ng vo b chn ng ra b chn (BIBO).
V d:
H thng khng n nh: ng vo b chn ng ra khng b chn
V d:
f(t)
y(t)=e
y(t)=tf(t)
Gi s: |f(t)| B
B
|y(t)| e HT n nh
|f(t)| B Gi s: |y(t)| | tf(t) | B| t |
HT khng n nh
|y(t )|
Signals & Systems FEEE, HCMUT
e) Tnh bt bin
H thng bt bin:
H thng thay i theo thi gian: khng phi l h thng bt bin
y(t)=f(2t)
system
f(t)
y(t)
system
f(t-t
0
) y(t-t
0
)
For all t
0

t
f(t)
t
y(t)
t
f(t-t
0
)
t
0
t
y(t-t
0
)
t
0
V d: y(t)=sin(|f(t)|)
V d:
0 0
y(t t )=sin(|f(t t )|)
1 0
f (t)=f(t t )
1 0 0
y (t)=sin(|f(t t )|)=y(t t )
HT BB
0 0 0
y(t t )=f(2(t t ))=f(2t 2t )
1 0
f (t)=f(t t )
1 0 0
y (t)=f(2t t ) y(t t ) HT T
Signals & Systems FEEE, HCMUT
f) Tnh tuyn tnh
H thng tuyn tnh:
system
f
1
(t) y
1
(t)
system
f
2
(t) y
2
(t)
system
k
1
f
1
(t)+k
2
f
2
(t) k
1
y
1
(t)+k
2
y
2
(t)
V d:
(a) y(t)=tf(t)
1 1
2 2
y (t)=tf (t)
y (t)=tf (t)
1 1 2 2
f(t)=k f (t)+k f (t)
1 1 2 2 1 1 2 2
y(t)=k tf (t)+k tf (t)=k y (t)+k y (t)
HT tuyn tnh
Signals & Systems FEEE, HCMUT
f) Tnh tuyn tnh
dy(t)
(b) +3y(t)=f(t)
dt
Th:
1
1 1
2
2 2
dy (t)
+3y (t)=f (t)
dt
dy (t)
+3y (t)=f (t)
dt
1 1 2 2
1 1 2 2 1 1 2 2
d[k y (t)+k y (t)]
3[k y (t)+k y (t)] [k f (t)+k f (t)]
dt
1 1 2 2
f(t) k f (t)+k f (t)
1 1 2 2
y(t) k y (t)+k y (t)
HT tuyn tnh
Signals & Systems FEEE, HCMUT
f) Tnh tuyn tnh
H thng phi tuyn: khng phi l h thng tuyn tnh
V d:
2
y(t)=f (t)
2
1 1
2
2 2
y (t)=f (t)
y (t)=f (t)
1 1 2 2
f(t)=k f (t)+k f (t)
Th:
2
1 1 2 2
y(t)= k f (t)+k f (t)
1 1 2 2
y(t) k y (t)+k y (t) HT phi tuyn