Lc s nn n

C IM LCH S NGNH SN VIT NAM

1. Gii thiu chung [1,2,3]
n (oc c t i l ct p b mt) c dn tran tr m tut oc bo v cc b mt vt
liu cn sn.
n c loi ni c xa c bin t cc vt liu tin nin sn c to cc bc tran trn nn
niu an n nm i li n n sin ot cuc sn tn ny m nn ko c c
t ii xc n c nin i cc y kon 25.000 nm.

Ai Cp bit ch to sn m thut t nm 3000 600 trc cng nguyn
Hy Lp v La M c to sn du bo va c tc dn tran tr va c tn ct bo v cc b
mt cn sn tron ti k nm 600 trc cn nuyn n nm 400 sau cn nuyn v mi n t
k 13 sau cn nuyn cc nc kc ca Cu u mi bit n cn n sn ny v n cui t k
18 mi bt u c cc n sn xut sn cuyn nip do yu cu v sn tn mn.

Cuc cc mn k tut ca t ii tc n tc y pt trin nn cn nip sn t
t k 18 nn ct ln sn bo v v tran tr vn ca cao v nuyn liu c to sn i t cc
loi du na tin nin v cc loi bt mu v c c ct ln tp

Nn cn nip sn c c t pt trin ny vt ki xut in trn t trn cc loi na
tn p to mn sn cn vi cc loi bt mu u c ct ln cao v nt l s xut in ca sn
pm bt mu trn ioxit titan (TiO2) l loi bt mu c o, pn n s pt trin ca cn nip
sn mu

Cc mc pt trin cn nip sn (c ki u t t k 20 n cui t k 20) c t c
pn n n sau:
- Nm 1923: na Nitrocellulose, alkyd
- Nm 1924: Bt mu TiO2
- Nm 1928: Na Penol tan tron du bo
- Nm 1930: Na Amino Urea Formaldeyde
- Nm 1933: Na Vinyl Clorua n trn p
- Nm 1934: Na n tn tron c du
- Nm 1936: Na Acrylic nit rn
- Nm 1937: Na Polyuretan
- Nm 1939: Na Amino melamin Formaldeyde
- Nm 1944: n c ilicone
- Nm 1947: Na Epoxy
- Nm 1950: Na PVA v Acrylic laquer
- Nm 1955: n bt tn in
- Nm 1958: n xe i c Acrylic laquer
n n c na latex
- Nm 1960: n cn nip c nc
- Nm 1962: n in di kiu Anode
- Nm 1963: n n rn bn tia EB v UV
- Nm 1971: n in di kiu catode

Tron tn lai, tc tc ca nn cn nip sn ton cu pi ii quyt bi ton quen
tuc l tm c ii pp cn bn ia mt bn l sc p v ci p ca nn ln, nuyn liu v
p n quy n lut an ton mi trn ca cn p vi mt bn l yu cu ca t trn l ct
sn pi on o vi i c tt nt. Cc tc tc ny s to ra niu c i co nn sn cn
nip t ii nin cu v trin kai cc ii pp cn n mi, nuyn liu mi v sn pm
mi cc cn cn l tc n tc cc i vi s pt trin n na ca nn cn nip ny

Vit Nam, ca n ta t n 400 nm trc bit dn sn ta t cy sn mc t nin c bin
tn sn tran tr v bo v co ct ln ca cc po tn t, cc tm on pi cu i sn
son tip vn, lp sn bo v ny ct ln u n kn tay i sau n trm nm s dn,
sn ta n nay vn c coi l nuyn liu ct ln cao dn co nn tran sn mi c a
cun c tron v noi nc oc mt s loi du bo n: du cu v du lai oc na tn t
cy tn ba l mc t nin ti Vit Nam, t lu c ni dn c bin tn du bn (clear
varnis) i nm na l quan du dn tran tr v bo v co nn l oc , ni noi tt.

Tuy nin, vic s dn sn ni trn c man tn ct t pt t nu cu i sn tn ny,
n nm 1913 - 1914 Vit Nam mi xut in mt xn sn du Hi Pn do ni Pp m
man nn iu TETUDO , tip sau vi nm n sn Vit Nam u tin Cn ty sn Nuyn
n H c tn lp v tip teo c cc n sn H Ni l Tn Lon, Gecko. Tron cn
c l loi sn REITANCO ca n sn Nuyn n H rt c ni tiu dn tron v noi
nc a cun, y c t ni l n sn u tin ln nt ti Vit Nam lc y v cn li iu n
lc s ti ny nay l Cn ty c pn sn Hi Pn pt trin t mn t man tn X nip sn
P H (u du sau ny ca n Nuyn n H). V vy c t ni rn: n Nuyn n H cn
l n t nn sn Vit Nam
2. Lch s pht trin ngnh sn Vit Nam
Nn cn nip sn Vit Nam c t ly im ki u pt trin l nm 1914 -1920 vi s xut
in ca mt s xn sn du ti Vit Nam, tron ni bt nt l cn ty sn ca n Nuyn n
H n t nn sn Vit Nam.
Tuy nin do bi cn lc s x i Vit Nam mi n nm 1975 mi tc s l mt quc ia c lp
v tn nt ln t v c y iu kin pt trin kin t x i v tn bc pt trin nn
sn Vit Nam c t cia tn cc iai on sau:

2.1. Giai on 1914 1954: c 3 n sn ln ca ni Vit Nam ti 3 ku vc tn p ln l:

H Ni: Cn ty sn Ti Bn Cu Din, H Ni (sau ny Cn ty Ha ct sn H Ni v in
nay l Cn ty c pn Ha ct n H Ni)

Hi Pn: Cn ty n Nuyn n H sau ny i tn l Cn ty n P H (u du ca n
Nuyn n H) v in nay l Cn ty c pn sn Hi Pn.

i Gn (sau ny l Tn p H C Min): Cn ty sn Bc Tuyt do n Bi Duy Cn (mt
cn tc vin ca n Nuyn n H) vo Nam sn lp, in nay l Cn ty c pn sn Bc
Tuyt.

Giai on ny, sn pm c yu l sn du, sn alkyd c dun mi vi cn n n in, ct
ln sn kn cao c yu pc v co yu cu sn tran tr xy dn, cc loi sn cn nip
ct ln cao u np ku.

Noi ra tron vn t do ti kn cin cn Pp cn c c s sn xut sn ca Vit Nam
nn sn pm c yu l sn du t nuyn liu tin nin sn c Vit Nam n: na tn,
du cu

2.2. Giai on 1954 1975: Bi cn lc s t nc tm ti cia ct 2 min Bc Nam vi c
cn tr kc nau v do iu kin pt trin kin t (tron bao m c pt trin nn sn)
kc nau, c t l:

a Min Bc: c 3 n my sn N nc quy m sn xut cn nip l:
- N my n Tn Hp H Ni (mi tn lp) do Tn cc a ct qun l
- N my Ha ct n H Ni (trc y l Cn ty n Ti Bn Cu Din) do s cn nip
H Ni qun l.
- N my n Hi Pn (trc y l x nip sn P H) do Cn nip Hi Pn qun l.

n pm cn l sn du na tin nin tron nc sn Alkyd (np cn nuyn liu na alkyd)
n dn c yu co cn nip dn dn v tran tr, ct ln ca cao, cn n lc u, s
ln sn xut cn tp kn p n yu cu (do n c np ku nuyn liu v nun noi
t kn p n)

b- Min Nam: C 16 hn sn ln n sn xut cc loi sn tn sn ln # 7.000 tn/nm (teo
s liu ca Tn Cc Ha Ct 28/4/1976)

Cc nuyn liu sn xut pn ln u np ku c ct ln cao, cn n in i teo ti im
1960, c t k cc n my ln v cc sn pm tiu biu:

- N my sn Bc Tuyt v Hu Pt (nay l Cn ty sn Bc Tuyt): sn pm c yu l sn
alkyd dn co nn xy dn v 1 ln kn ln sn Epoxy.
- N my sn n, Cu, Vit iu, Vn Pt: au nm 1975, cc n my ny c cn ty sn
ct do Tn cc Ha ct qun l st np li i l X nip sn n v in nay l Cn ty
c pn n n, sn pm c yu l sn du, sn alkyd v sn nc co nn sn tran tr xy
dn.

Mt s n my sn kc cuyn sn xut cc loi sn cn nip ct ln cao l sn k
nan c N/C (nitrocellose), sn tn tran xe i, sn tu bintron cc n sn ny cn mt n
sn tuy n nn vn cn tn ti n nay l Cn ty sn T Tn, cn li t sau 1980 cc n sn
n c tin tm v sn n: Lapale`ne, Durico, Tn Cn Hn u ii t.

2.3. Giai on 1976 1989
c im pt trin ca nn sn iai on ny man du n k kn cun ca nn kin t sau
cin tran tn nt t nc. l ti k kin t bao cp, mc du n nm 1986 nn kin t
bt u ki n pt trin vi mc t p i mi nn nn cn nip sn vn cn pt
trin tr tr mi n nm 1989.

n pm sn tiu t tron nc c c sn du, on ton kn c sn nc, n ca v cn
trn xy dn c c tran tr bn qut nc vi mu.
Cc loi sn na tn p c ct ln cao v tt dn co nn cn nip c Alkyd,
Epoxyc c sn xut s ln t teo n mc noi t np ku nuyn liu.
Cc loi sn c du na tin nin c ct ln tp c sn xut vi s ln niu n sn
na tn p v nun cun cp na to mn c sn tron nc k di do v r tin n: na
tn, cai cc.Tuy nin sn ln sn sn xut ra cn b n c v kn p n s nuyn
liu quan trn kc ca nn sn n dun mi, bt mucn np ku bn noi t.

Tm li c im pt trin ca cn nip sn tron iai on ny l:
- Tn sn ln sn c t mc di 10.000 tn/nm cun kn cu, nn loi sn c ct
ln tt u pn pi teo c tiu v i bao cp do N nc qun l, nn loi sn c ct
ln kn cao (kiu sn du) cn c pn pi ni rn n, nn nin v c c n
cn xin v co vi c n sn xut v ni tiu dn t c quan qun l v pn pi ca N
nc.
- ln cn ty, x nip sn xut sn u tuc quyn s u N nc: min Bc vn c 3
cn ty sn (2 H Ni v 1 Hi Pn) n iai on 1954 1975, c tm 1 xn n sn xut
sn ca i qun; min Trun c mt x nip sn n ca Cn ty k tut a ct Nn
tuc Tn Cc Ha Ct; min Nam c mt Cn ty sn n Nai (ci to t n sn t nn
Hn Pt lp t u nm 1975 ca kp sn xut) do cn nip n Nai s u.

+ Bn x nip sn ln tuc s u N nc l Cn ty n ct do: n, Vn Pt, Vit
iu (sau ny st np li ly tn cun l N my sn n)
+ Mt x nip sn ln v c tn iu uy tn nt i Gn v Tp. H C Min sau ny l Bc
Tuyt tuc s u Cn Nip Tp.H C Min
+ X nip sn n ca Cn ty k tut a ct Tp. H C Min tuc Tn Cc Ha Ct (man
tn Nam n t trc nm 1975 sau 1990 l tn iu Likso)

Tn cn iai on 1976 -1990 ton quc c 12 cn ty x nip sn xut sn ln n tuc s
u n nc. Cc n my c cn sut ln c sn xut cm cn do kn nuyn liu (p
tuc np ku pn ln ia cn co B vt t n nc teo ct ln cam kt, teo pn nuyn
liu c pn pi, sn pm iao co ni tiu dn teo ln pn pi ca B vt t. Tron ki
vi s ny cm ca mt s ni ko xoay s tron t trn sn lc ny n lot t p v
c s t nn sn xut sn ra i p n u n tt c cc loi sn du ct ln tp co ni
tiu dn, v p li ni tiu dn sn sn mua xi, bt cp ct ln ti u v ki sn
xon pi mt 3 -6 tn sau mi bit r tt xu.

Tn n ny nu cn ko di tm t nm na cc nn cn nip sn Vit Nam s b tt dc
nim trn v ct ln sn pm cn n, s ln n sn xut sn c uy tn t trn v
v.v.. rt may tn n xu i c tron ti ian nn 1982 1986. T 1986 vi cn sc i mi
ton b c cu kin t v x i, Vit Nam c nn ci cc quan trn v pt trin kin t,
nn sn Vit Nam tc s cuyn mn pt trin mi t iai on 1990

2.4. Giai on 1990 2008 [4,5,6]
Nm 1986, kin t Vit Nam bt u bc vo ti k i mi vi c tn ca nn kin t t
trn, nn s cuyn bin tc cc ca nn kin t t trn, nn s cuyn bin tc cc ca
nn sn c bt u ki u t nm 1990 bc vo qu trn i np pt trin vi ku vc
quc t v dn dn n n pt trin lin tc ti nay (2008)

C t tm tt c im lc s pt trin ca nn sn Vit Nam tron iai on 1990 2008 n
sau:
a- Qu trnh hi nhp (1990 1993)
Mc tiu t (c yu sn tran tr) trun bn # 10.000 tn/ nm. n pm c yu do tron nc
sn xut: sn du alkyd ct ln sn pm v cn n: kn cao, kn p n c yu cu
v s ln - ct ln v cn loi sn (nt l sn tran tr c nc v sn cn nip)

Xut in tn iu ca cc n sn c tn tui tron ku vc v quc t n: ICI, Nippon,
Akzonobel, Jotun, Interpaint, Toa Ti Lan, Uraipanic

Cc tn iu Vit Nam: do 9 cn ty v x nip sn c tron iai on 1976 - 1986 (tron
im i 3 x nip sn ca cn ty sn ct do ii t v st np vo sn n)
b- Bc t ph v u t (1993 1997)
Tun li:
- GDP trun bn tn trn 8,8%/ nm
- Nn xy dn tc ia tn mn l cc yu t tc cc co nn sn pt trin.
Mc tiu t: tn vt qua cc nm:
10.000 tn 1993
25.000 tn 1996
40.000 tn 1997
- n tran tr cim t l: 80% mc tiu t
- n tu bin v bo v cim t l 20% mc tiu t
Mc u t nc noi v sn t mc kon 90 triu UD: c 20 cn ty sn nc noi lp n
my lin doan vi Vit Nam oc 100% vn nc noi, c bit l cc cn ty c tn tui ln v sn
quc t ni trn u c mt.

Mc u t ca cc n lm sn tron nc: cn t mc n kc l, noi cc n v Vit
Nam b vn teo t l lin doan vi cc cn ty sn nc noi, cc doan nip Vit Nam cn u
t s vn kon 5 triu UD lp n my mi m rn xn sn xut, lp t tran tit b mi,
sn xut sn pm mi (niu nt l sn nc), mua cn n nc noi (v d sn tu bin v bo
v)

Kt qu vi dn u t t p ny t nc noi ko teo s cuyn i mn m ca u t tron
nc, ct ln cn n sn ti Vit Nam c tay da i tt v to ra cc dn sn pm
c ct ln teo yu cu t trn. T lm c s t sc quan trn co bc pt trin ny vt
v n n co cc nm k tip nt l t nm 2000 v sau.
c- Qu trnh pht trin n nh trc thch thc (1997 1999)
- Tc tc pt trin kin t Vit Nam: kn on ti cn ku vc n Nam (1997 1999)
Vit Nam tuy t cu n n nn cn tn trn cm li qua cc c tiu pt trin kin t
ca Vit Nam tron iai on ny l:
- Mc tn GDP: (Nm 1996: 9,34%)
1997: 8,15%
1998: 5,76%
1999: 4,77%
(Nm 2000: 6,8%)
- Vn FDI (u t trc tip nc noi vo Vit Nam)
(Nm 1996: vn FDI n k : 10,164 t UD)
1997 : 5,591
1998 : 5,100
1999 : 2,565
(Nm 2000 : 2,839)
(Nun s liu: Nin im ca Tn cc Tn k Vit Nam)
- Trong bi cn nn sn Vit Nam vn t tc pt trin 15 - 20% nm v n t nm 1999,
nn sn Vit Nam i pc sc pt trin vi tc cao bt u t nm 2000 v cc nm k tip.
d- Qu trnh pht trin vi tc cao 2000 2007
- Bi cn lc s: Cc nc n Nam vt qua iai on kn on ti cn v nn kin t
bt u i pc v pt trin n n. Kin t Vit Nam t b n n ca kn on ny, tuy c
tn trn cm li nn rt n n v ny cn pt trin mn n t in qua cc c tiu
pt trin kin t sau y:

Mc tn GDP/nm: Nm 2000: 6,8%
2001: 6,9%
2002: 7,08%
2003: 7,34%
2004: 7,79%
2005: 8,44%
2006: 8,23%
2007: 8.48%

Vn FDI
Nm 2000: n k: 2,839 t UD/ Tc in: 2,44 t USD
Nm 2001: ' 3,143 ' 2,450
Nm 2002: ' 2,999 ' 2,591
Nm 2003: ' 3,191 ' 2,650
Nm 2004: ' 4,548 ' 2,853
Nm 2005: ' 6,840 ' 3,309
Nm 2006: ' 12,004 ' 4,100
Nm 2007: ' 21,348 ' 8,030
(Nun s liu: Nin im ca Tn cc Tn k Vit Nam)

BNG TNG HP MC TNG TRNG CA TH TRNG SN VIT NAM
(1995 2008)
S TH
T
LOI SN MC TIU TH NM
1995 2000 2002 2004 (Tn) 2006 2007 2008
(Tn )
(*)
(Tn)
(*)
(Tn)
(*)
(**) (Triu lt)
(***)
(Triu lt)
(***)
(Triu lt)
(***)
1
n ttran tr:
- Gc nc
- Gc dun mi
23.800 58.000 77.200 96.000 123,20 152,00 158,00
11.000 40.000 57.000 74.000 - - -
12.800 18.000 20.200 22.000 - - -
2 n tu bin v bo v 1.000 4.000 8.000 12.500 13,60 16,80 19,70
3
n cn nip:
- n
- n bt
- n coil (tm lp)
0,200 2.850 6.010 18.200 - - -
0,200 2.000 3.000 12.000 37,05 43,70 40,20
0 0 1.810 3.500 6,80 8,00 8,20
0 0,850 1.200 2.700 3,70 8,70 8,00
4
n kc:
- n can
- n t tn tran
- n plastic
- n sn
- n k tn

0,500 3.040 5.780 13.800 3,50 6,70 6,90
- 200 240 500 - - -
- 050 080 100 - - -
- 790 2.950 2.800 - - -
- - - - - - -
- - - 7.000 - - -
TNG CNG 25.500 67.890 96.990 140.500 187,85 236,00 241,00
Nun s liu:
(*) Din n sn cu ACF Tp.HCM 2003
(**) Hi n t trn sn Cu ACM Singapore 2005
(***) VPIA Hi to sn Cu ACC- Tp.HCM 2007 v 2009
Tc i: Nuyn Huy Tn
TI LIU THAM KHO
[1] Surface coatings
NXB - TAFE Education Books
Vol 1, 1983 Australia
[2] Paint and surface coatings
NXB Ellis hofwood limited 1987, England
[3] K tut sn in Vn Kin
NXB Tan nin 1999, Vit Nam
[4] Ton cn nn sn v mc in Vit Nam
Bo co ti ny i a c Tp.HCM 2005 ca VPIA
[5] Overview of Vietnam Coatings market VPIA ACC HCM 2007, 2009
[6] Vietnam Coatings & ink market
peaker: Vn Bc u ACF 2003, HCMC