RADIOLOGY AND

SPORTS RELATED
TBIS
BY
MATT DRERUP
TBI
TBI-TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY
CONCUSSIONS ARE A TYPE OF TBI
DIFFUSE INJURY, NO ANATOMICAL
CHANGES.
CONCUSSION
CAUSED BY A BLOW
TO THE HEAD OR
BODY THAT JARS
THE BRAIN INSIDE
THE HEAD.
3 CATEGORIES
GRADE 1, GRADE 2,
GRADE 3
http://louisvilleorthopedics.com/tag/football-concussion/
GRADE 1
ALTERATION OF MENTAL
STATUS FOR 15 MINUTES
CHARACTERISTICS:
CONFUSION, BRIEF
MEMORY LOSS,
HEADACHE, NO LOSS OF
CONSCIOUSNESS
SYMPTOMS: DIZZINESS,
NAUSEA, MOTION
SICKNESS, BLURRY
VISION, VOMITING, AND
IMPAIRED BALANCE
(INJURYINFORMATION.COM
)
http://www.buzzle.com/articles/what-do-constant-headaches-mean.html
GRADE 2
ALTERATION OF MENTAL STATUS OF
MORE THAN 15 MINUTES
CHARACTERISTICS: SAME AS GRADE 1
BUT MORE SEVERE, MAY OR MAYNOT
CAUSE UNCONSCIOUSNESS, IF
UNCONSCIOUSNESS OCCURS COULD
LAST UP TO 5 MINUTES
SYMPTOMS: BRIEF MEMORY LOSS,
HEADACHES, AND CONFUSION,
SYMPTOMS COULD LAST A FULL DAY
(INJURYINFORMATION.COM)
GRADE 3
UNCONSCIOUSNESS IS INVOLVED,
TREATMENT IS NEEDED IMMEDIATELY,
CAN SIGNAL MILD BRAIN DAMAGE OR
BRIEF COMAS
SYMPTOMS: UNCONSCIOUSNESS FOR 5
MINUTES OR LONGER, AMNESIA UP TO A
DAY, INTENSE CONFUSION, STARING
OFF IN SPACE, SLOW TO RESPOND TO
STIMULUS (INJURYINFORMATION.COM)
TREATMENT
GRADE 1- GENERALLY NO MEDICAL
TREATMENT NEEDED, REST
GRADE 2- ASPIRIN OR IBUPROFEN TO
REDUCE HEADACHE, 24 HOUR
OBSERVATION BY FAMILY MEMBER OR
MEDICAL PROFESSIONAL
GRADE 3- NEUROLOGIC AND COGNITIVE
EVALUATION, NO ACTIVITY UNTIL
SYMPTOMS SUBSIDE, CT SCAN OR MRI IF
SYMPTOMS PERSIST FOR 1 WEEK.
COUP/CONTRE-COUP
IMPACT PUSHES
HEAD AND BRAIN
BACKWARD WHERE
BRAIN IMPACTS
SKULL ANTERIORLY,
HEAD IS PUSHED
FORWARD AND
BRAIN IMPACTS
SKULL
POSTERIORLY
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9myOgFttBMg
SECOND IMPACT
SYNDROME
ONE OF THE MOST DANGEROUS AFTER
AFFECTS OF TBI.
BRAIN SWELLING OCCURS AFTER AN
ATHLETE HAS SUFFERED A SECOND
CONCUSSION BEFORE THEY HAVE FULLY
RECOVERED FROM THE FIRST
CONCUSSION
RESULTS IN THE DEATH OF BRAIN CELLS
AND LEADS TO SEVERE AND/OR
PERMANENT BRAIN DAMAGE
EXAMINATIONS
PERFORMED
CT SCAN (COMPUTED
TOMOGRAPHY)
MRI (MAGNETIC
RESONANCE IMAGING)
DTI (DIFFUSE TENSOR
IMAGING)
PET (POSITRON
EMISSION
TOMOGRAPHY)
http://onlineradiologytechnicianschools.com/what-are-the-top-employers-of-radiology-technicians/
CT SCAN OF
FOOTBALL PLAYER
WITH CONCUSSION
http://reference.medscape.com/features/slideshow/football-injuries
THE YELLOW ARROWS
SHOW A BRAIN CONTUSION

CONTUSIONS ASSOCIATED
WITH LOCALIZED
STRUCTURAL DAMAGE OF
THE WHITE MATTER WITHIN
THE BRAIN

OFTEN ASSOCIATED WITH
MICRO-HEMORRHAGES

MOST COMMON IN THE
FRONTAL AND TEMPORAL
LOBES
http://reference.medscape.com/features/slideshow/football-injuries
MRI OF FOOTBALL
PLAYER WITH
CONCUSSION
http://info.shields.com/?Tag=concussion
WHITE
ARROWS SHOW
MICRO-
HEMORRHAGES
MICRO-
HEMORRHAGES
ARE VERY
SMALL BLEEDS
WITHIN THE
BRAIN
CT AND
CONVENTIONAL
MRI SHOW
NEGATIVE
RESULTS FOR
CONCUSSION (
ASIF, IRFAN, HARMON,
DREZNER, OKANE)
TH
http://info.shields.com/?Tag=concussion
DIFFUSION TENSOR
IMAGE OF FOOTBALL
PLAYER WITH
CONCUSSION
http://www.princeton.edu/main/news/archive/S31/80/06C59/index.xml?section=featured
DTI SHOWS THE
NERVE FIBER
TRACKS THAT
CONNECT ONE
AREA OF THE BRAIN
TO ANOTHER
RED AND YELLOW
SHOW STRUCTURAL
CHANGES OF THE
FIBER TRACTS
MOST PROMISING
IMAGING
TECHNIQUE TO
DIAGNOSE
CONCUSSIONS
(EMILY)
http://www.princeton.edu/main/news/archive/S31/80/06C59/index.xml?section=featured
PET SCAN OF RETIRED
FOOTBALL PLAYER
imaging
http://www.technologyreview.com/news/522126/identifying-signs-of-chronic-brain-injury-in-living-football-players/
RADIO-TRACER
IS INJECTED,
THE RADIO-
TRACER
ATTACHES TO
A PROTEIN IN
THE BRAIN
CALLED TAU
PROMISING IN
THE DIAGNOSIS
OF CTE
(CHRONIC
TRAUMATIC
ENCEPHALOPAT
HY (MIT
TECHNOLOGY
REVIEW)
http://www.technologyreview.com/news/522126/identifying-signs-of-chronic-brain-injury-in-living-football-players/
CONCUSSION
STATISTICS
300,000 TMI PER YEAR
100,000 OF THE 300,000 ARE FOOTBALL RELATED
900 SPORTS RELATED TMI DEATHS PER YEAR
10% CHANCE OF LOSS OF CONSCIOUSNESS
4-6 TIMES MORE LIKELY TO SUSTAIN A
CONCUSSION IF YOU HAVE ALREADY SUFFERED
ONE
2%-4.5% OF ALL SPORTS INJURIES
VERY FEW EVER GET REPORTED (BYTOMSKI,
JEFFERY R., MOORMAN, MACAULEY, 66)
CTE
CTE-CHRONIC TRAUMATIC ENCEPHALOPATHY
CTE-UNDERSTOOD TO BE THE RESULT OF
REPEATED BLOWS TO THE HEAD, WHICH
CAUSE THE FORMATION OF THE PROTEIN TAU
TAU INITIALLY IMPAIRS BRAIN FUNCTION AND
ULTIMATELY KILLS BRAIN CELLS
SYMPTOMS MAY BE MEMORY IMPAIRMENT,
EMOTIONAL INSTABILITY, ERRATC BEHAVIOR,
DEPRESSION, AND PROBLEMS WITH IMPULSE
CONTROL (Nelson, Murry R. 287)
TRAGEDY IN THE NFL
JUNIOR SEAU
CAREER SPANNED 20 YEARS
DIED OF SELF INFLICTED GUN SHOT
WOUND TO THE CHEST
CONFIRMED PRESENCE OF CTE
2 MORE NFL PLAYERS HAVE COMMITTED
SUICIDE SINCE JUNIOR SEAUS DEATH
WORKS CITED
Medscape Log In." Medscape Log In. N.p., n.d. Web. 03 Aug. 2014. <http://reference.medscape.com/features/slideshow/football-injuries>.
"Concussion | Shields MRI Blog." Concussion | Shields MRI Blog. N.p., n.d. Web. 04 Aug. 2014. <http://info.shields.com/?Tag=concussion>.
Aronson, By Emily. "Concussion Research Aims to Help Athletes, Study of the Brain." Princeton University. Trustees of Princeton University, 17 Oct.
2011. Web. 04 Aug. 2014. <http://www.princeton.edu/main/news/archive/S31/80/06C59/index.xml?section=featured>.
"How Researchers Could Identify Signs of Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy in Living NFL Players | MIT Technology Review." MIT Technology
Review. N.p., n.d. Web. 04 Aug. 2014. <http://www.technologyreview.com/news/522126/identifying-signs-of-chronic-brain-injury-in-living-football-
players/>.
Asif, Irfan M., Kimberly G. Harmon, Jonathan A. Drezner, and John W. O'Kane. "Abstract." National Center for Biotechnology Information. U.S. National
Library of Medicine, 01 Mar. 0006. Web. 04 Aug. 2014. <http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3445056/>.
"Concussions." Injury Information.com. N.p., n.d. Web. 03 Aug. 2014. <http://www.injuryinformation.com/injuries/concussions.php>.
Bytomski, Jeffrey R., Claude T. Moorman, and Domhnall MacAuley. Oxford American Handbook of Sports Medicine. New York: Oxford UP, 2010. 66.
Print.
Nelson, Murry R. American Sports: A History of Icons, Idols, and Ideas. Santa Barbara, CA: Greenwood, 2013. 287. Print.