Negative angles

sin() = sin
cos() = cos
tan() = tan
Special angle triangles
These values are useful when we need to solve a problem involving trigonometric
functions without using a calculator. Remember that the lengths of the sides of a right-
angled triangle obey the theorem of Pythagoras.
30

60

3
2
45

45

1
1

2
0

30

45

60

90

cos 1

3
2
1

2
1
2
0
sin 0
1
2
1

3
2
1
tan 0
1

3
1

3 undef
Trigonometric identities
Quotient identity:
tan =
sin
cos
(cos = 0)
Square identity:
sin
2
+ cos
2
= 1
It also follows that:
sin
2
= 1 cos
2

cos
2
= 1 sin
2

sin =

1 cos
2

cos =

1 sin
2

All these relationships and identities are very useful for simplifying trigonometric ex-
pressions.
140 4.1. Revision