3.

044 MATERIALS PROCESSING

LECTURE 8
Radiation:
T
k =
x

_
T
4
surf
T
4
source

L
M =
k
T
3
surf
T
=
t

2
T
q = (T
4
surf
T
4
source
)
Very few analytical solutions, some charts
Date: March 5th, 2012.
1
2 LECTURE 8
CVD: Chemical Vapor Deposition
At steady state the thermocouple outputs a temperature reading T
TC
TC is heated by gas (convection)
in
..
h(T T
f
)A =
out
..
(T
4
surf
T
4
source
)A

T
TC
= T
f
(T
4
h
surf
T
4
source
)
T
TC
= T
f
T
f
1000

C, T
wall
500

C,
W
= 0.1, h = 100
m
2
K
T
TC
830

C, T 200

C
Conclusions:
1. Objects that see cold surroundings are colder than you think
2. If an object sees a hot source it can be unexpectedly hot
3. In vacuum indicates no convection radiation must be important
Topics Covered So Far:
Heat Beat Mix
heat transfer solid mechanics diusion
uid mechanics phase transition
3.044 MATERIALS PROCESSING 3
Next step is to discuss heat transfer combined

with diusion and phase transformations

Solidication: Heat transfer plus phase transition, single component solidication
What are the B.C at the solid/liquid interface?
1. T = T
m
2. heat balance:
q
in
..
k
s
T
x

s
=
qout
..
k
l
T
s

l
3. heat of fusion
Look closely:
T
q
in
= k
l
x

x=s,l
4 LECTURE 8
T
q
out
= k
s
x

x=s,s
Fusion: H
f
_
kJ
kg
_
In time t the interface moved s Volume transformed = As
_
T
k
l
x
_
A
.
T
+
_
k
s
in
.
x
_
A
. .
out
H
f

_
s
t
_
A
. .
Heat of Fusion
= 0
s
where
t
=
s
= interface velocity
t
=
k
T
s
x

s
k
l
T
x

l
H
f

k
=
T
H
f

_
x

T
x

l
_
(within factor of two)
MIT OpenCourseWare
http://ocw.mit.edu
3.044 Materials Processing
Spring 2013
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