Chapter 5

Exercise Problems

EX5.1
1

For
0.980
0.980, 49
1 0.980
= = =

For
0.995
0.995, 199
1 0.995
= = =

So 49 199

EX5.2
3
200
120
CBO
CEO
n
BV
BV

= = or 40.5
CEO
BV V =

EX5.3
( )
( )( )
( )( )
( ) ( )( ) ( )( )
2 0.7
6.5
200
120 6.5 0.78
5 0.78 4 1.88
0.0065 0.7 0.78 1.88 1.47
BB BE
B
B
C C
CE CC C C CE
B BE C CE
V V on
I A
R
I I A I mA
V V I R or V V
P I V on I V mW

= =
= = =
= = =
= + = +


EX5.4
( )
( )( )
( )
5 0.7 2.8
or 4.62
325
80 4.615 0.369
2 5 0.369 which yields 8.13
EB BB
B B
B
C B C
EC C C
V V on V
I I A
R
I I I mA
V R R k

+


= = =
= = =
= = =


EX5.5
(a)
( )
( )( )
( )
( )( )
2 0.7
5.91
220
100 5.91 0.591
1 0.597
10 0.591 4 or 7.64
BB BE
B
B
C B
E B
CE CC C C CE
V V on
I A
R
I I A mA
I I mA
V V I R V V

= =
= =
= + =
= = =

(b)
6.5 0.7
26.4
220
B
I A

=
( )
( )
Transistor is biased in saturation mode, so
0.2
10 0.2
or 2.45
4
2.45 0.0264 2.48
CE CE
CC CE
C C
C
E C B
V V sat V
V V sat
I I mA
R
I I I mA
= =

= = =
= + = +


EX5.6
For 0 0.7 ,
I
V V < Q
n
is cutoff, 9
O
V V =
When Q
n
is biased in saturation, we have
( )( )( ) 100 0.7 4
0.2 9 5.1
200
I
I
V
V V

= =
So, for 5.1 ,
I
V V V
O
= 0.2 V

EX5.7
( )
( ) ( )( )
8 0.7
1 30 76 1.2
BB BE
B
B E
V V on
I
R R

= =
+ + +

or 60.2
B
I A =
( )( )
( )
( )( ) ( )( )
75 60.23 4.52
1 4.58
12 4.517 0.4 4.577 1.2
C B
E B
CE CC C C E E
I I A mA
I I mA
V V I R I R

= =
= + =
=
=

or 4.70
CE
V V =

EX5.8
For V
C
= 4 V and I
CQ
= 1.5 mA,
( )
10 4
4
1.5
1 101
1.5 1.515
100
C
C C
CQ
E C
V V
R R k
I
I I mA

+

= = =
+
= = =




( )
( )
also
0.7 10
Then 6.14
1.515
BE
E
E
E E
V on V
I
R
R R k

=

= =


EX5.9
( )
3 0.7
0.25
9.2 k
75
0.25 0.2467 mA
76
0.7 3 0
3 0.7 2
6.89 k
0.2467
EQ
E
E
CQ
CEQ CQ C
C C
I
R
R
I
V I R
R R

= =
=

= =


+ + =
+
= =


EX5.10
( ) 5 on 2
E E EB B B
I R V I R = + +
(a)
180
5 2 0.7 2 0.9859 mA
41
0.962 mA
E E
C
I I
I

+ = + =


=

(b)
180
6.3 2 1.2725 mA
61
1.25 mA
E E
C
I I
I

= + =


=

(c)
180
6.3 2 1.6657 mA
101
1.64 mA
E E
C
I I
I

= + =


=

(d)
180
6.3 2 1.97365 mA
151
1.94 mA
E E
C
I I
I

= + =


=


EX5.11
( ) 4 0.7
1.0
BB EB
E E
E
V V on
I R
R

= =
or 3.3
E
R k =
( )( )
( )( )
0.992 1 0.992
1.0 0.992 or 8
0.992 1 5
C E
B E C B
CB C C CC
I I mA
I I I I A
V I R V

= = =
= = =
= =

or 4.01
CB
V V =

EX5.12
( ) ( ) ( ) 5 1.5 0.2
15
CE
C
V V V sat
R
I

+
+
+
= =
or 220 R =
( )
15
1
15
5 0.7
4.3
1
B
I BE
B
B
I mA
v V on
R k
I
= =

= = =

( )( ) ( )( )
( )
1 0.7 15 0.2 3.7
B BE C CE
P I V on I V
mW
= +
= + =


EX5.13
(a) For V
1
= V
2
= 0, All currents are zero and V
O
= 5 V.
(b) For V
1
= 5 V, V
2
= 0; I
B2
= I
C2
= 0,
1
1 1
5 0.7
4.53
0.95
5 0.2
8
0.6
0.2
B
C C R
O
I mA
I I I mA
V V

= =

= = =
=

(c) For V
1
= V
2
= 5 V, I
B1
= I
B2
= 4.53 mA; I
R
= 8 mA, I
C1
= I
C2
= I
R
/2 = 4 mA, V
O
= 0.2 V

EX5.14
5 5
O C C B C
O B C
v i R i R
v i R

= =
=

( )
BB I BE
B
B
I
B
B
V v V on
i
R
v
i
R
+
=

=

Then
O C
I B
v R
v R

=

Let 100, 5 , 100
C B
R k R k = = =
So
( )( ) 100 5
5
100
o
I
v
v

= =

Want Q-point to be ( ) ( ) ( ) 2.5 5 100 5
o BQ
v Q pt I = =
Then
0.7
0.005 , 0.005
100
BB
BQ BQ
V
I mA I

= = =
so 1.2
BB
V V =
( )( ) Also, 100 0.005 0.5
CQ BQ
I I mA = = =

EX5.15
2.5 5
CEQ CQ C
V I R = =
5 2.5
or 10
0.25
C
R k

= =
0.25
0.002083
120
CQ
BQ
I
I mA

= = =
5 0.7
Then 2.06
0.002083
B B
R R M

= =

EX5.16
(a)
( )
1 2
2
1 2
9 2.25 1.8
2.25
5
9 2.25
TH
TH CC
R R R k
R
V V
R R
= = =


= =

+ +



or 1.0
TH
V V =
(b)
( )
( ) ( )( )
1 0.7
1 1.8 151 0.2
TH BE
BQ
TH E
V V on
I
R R

= =
+ + +

( )( )
or 9.375
150 9.375
BQ
CQ BQ
I A
I I A

=
= =

( )
( )( ) ( )( )
or 1.41
1 1.42
5
5 1.41 1 1.42 0.2
or 3.31
CQ
EQ BQ EQ
CEQ CQ C EQ E
CEQ
I mA
I I I mA
V I R I R
V V

=
= + =
=
=
=

(c) For 75 =
( )( )
( )( )
1 0.7
17.6
1.8 76 0.2
75 17.6
BQ
CQ BQ
I A
I I A

= =
+
= =

( ) ( )( )
or 1.32
1 76 17.6
CQ
EQ BQ
I mA
I I A
=
= + =

( ) ( ) ( )( )
or 1.34
5 1.32 1 1.34 0.2
EQ
CEQ
I mA
V
=
=

or 3.41
CEQ
V V =

EX5.17
( )
( ) or 2.5 5 1 0.2
which yields
CEQ CC CQ C E
CQ
V V I R R
I
+
+
( )( ) ( )( )( )
2.08 ,
2.08
0.0139
150
0.1 1 0.1 151 0.2
CQ
CQ
BQ
TH E
I mA
I
I mA
R R

=
= = =
= + =

( ) ( )
2
1 2 1
1
or 3.02
1
Now
1
so 3.02 5
TH
TH CC TH CC
TH
R k
R
V V R V
R R R
V
R
=

= =

+

=

We can write ( ) ( ) 1
TH BQ TH BE BQ E
V I R V on I R = + + +
or ( )( ) ( ) ( ) ( )( )( )
1
1
3.02 5 0.0139 3.02 0.7 151 0.0139 0.2
R
= + +
We obtain
1
13 R k = and then
2
3.93 R k =

EX5.18
( ) ( )
( )
1 2
150, ||
5 0
5
1
5
0.0333
150
5
1
TH
CQ
CQ
BQ
TH BE
BQ
TH E
R R R
I mA
I
I mA
V V on
I
R R

= =

= =
= = =

=
+ +

( )( ) Set 0.1 1
TH E
R R = +
( )
( )
( )( ) ( )
2
1 2
2
1 2
2
1 2
We have 10 5
10 0.7
Then 0.0333
1.1 151 0.2
which yields 0.1806
TH
BQ
R
V
R R
R
R R
I
R
R R

=

+

+

= =

=

+


( )( )( )
( )
1 2
1 2
1
Now 0.1 151 0.2 3.02
so 0.1806 3.02
TH
R R
R k
R R
R k

= = =

+

=

We obtain
1
16.7 R k = and
2
3.69 R k =

EX5.19
( ) 5 5 5
4.5 0.5
ECQ
CQ
C E
V V V
I
R R
+

=
+ +

so 1 , and
CQ
I mA =
1
0.00833
120
CQ
BQ
I
I mA

= = =
( )( ) ( )( )( ) 0.1 1 0.1 121 0.5
TH E
R R = + =
or 6.05
TH
R k =
We can write ( ) on
EQ E EB BQ TH TH
V I R V I R V
+
= + + +
We have ( )
1
1
10 5
TH TH
V R
R
= and if we let 1 ,
EQ CQ
I I mA =
then we have ( )( ) ( )( ) ( )( )
1
1
5 1 0.5 0.7 0.00833 6.05 6.05 10 5
R
= + + +
which yields
1
6.91 R k = and
2
48.6 R k =

EX5.20
( )
( ) ( )
1
1
1
1
2 2
1 0.25 1 0.2625
40
0 0 0.7 5
0.2625
or 16.38
Q
BE
I I mA
V on V
R
I
R k

= + = + =




= =
=

For 3 , then 2.3
CEO CO
V V V V = =
( )
40
0.25 0.2439
1 41
5 2.3
11.07
0.2439
CO Q
CO
C
CO
I I mA
V V
R k
I

+


= = =

+



= = =


EX5.21
50 || 100 33.3
TH
R k =
( )
( )
( )( )
1
1 1
50
10 5 1.67
50 100
1.67 0.7 5
11.2
33.3 101 2
1.12 , 1.13
TH TH
B
C E
V V V
I A
I mA I mA

= = =

+


=
+
= =

( )( )
1 1 1
1 1
5 1.13 2 5 2.74
3.25 0.51
E E E
CE C
V I R V
V V V V
= = =
= =

2
Now 0.51 0.7 1.21
E
V V = + =
( )
2 2
2
1 1 2
1
2 2 2 2
2
5 1.21
1.90 18.8
2
1.88
1.12 0.0188 1.10
5 0.51
4.08
1.10
2.5
1.21 2.5 1.29
1.29 5
1.97
1.88
E B
C
R C B
C
EC C E EC
C
I mA I A
I mA
I I I mA
R k
V V V V
V
R k

= = =
=
= = =

= =
= =
= =

= =


EX5.22
1 2 3
12
We find 240
0.05
k R R R = = + +
( )( )
1
3
Then 0.5 2 0.7 1.7
1.7
34
0.05
B
V V
R k
= + =
= =

( )( )
2
2
2
Also 0.5 2 4 0.7 5.7
5.7 1.7 4
4
so 80
0.05
B
R
V V
V V
R k
= + + =
= =
= =

1
2
and 240 80 34 126
1 4 4 9
C
R k
V V
= =
= + + =

2
12 9
Then 6
0.5
C
C
CQ
V V
R k
I
+

= = =

Test Your Understanding Exercises
TYU5.1
1

=
+

For
75
75, 0.9868
76
= = =
For
125
125, 0.9921
126
= = =

TYU5.2
( ) 1
E B
I I = +
so
0.780
1 81.25
0.00960
E
B
I
I
+ = = = then 80.3 =
Now
80.25
0.9877
1 81.25

= = =
+

( )( ) 0.9877 0.78 0.770
C E
I I mA = = =

TYU5.3
0.990
99
1 1 0.990

= = =


Now
2.15
21.5
1 100
E
B
I
I A

= =
+
and ( )( ) 0.990 2.15 2.13
C E
I I mA = = =

TYU5.4
150
A
o
C C
V
r
I I
= =
For 0.1 1.5
C o
I mA r M = =
For 1.0 150
C o
I mA r k = =
For 10 15
C o
I mA r k = =

TYU5.5
1
CE
C O
A
V
I I
V

= +



At 1 , 1
CE C
V V I mA = =
(a) For 75 ,
A
V V =
1
1 1 0.9868
75
C O O
I I I mA

= = + =



Then, at 10
CE
V V =
( )
10
0.9868 1 1.12
75
C
I mA

= + =



(b) For 150 ,
A
V V =
1
1 1 0.9934
150
C O O
I I I mA

= = + =



At 10 ,
CE
V V = ( )
10
0.9934 1 1.06
150
C
I mA

= + =




TYU5.6
CBO
CEO
BV
BV
n
= so ( )
3
100 30 139
CBO
BV V = =

TYU5.7
(a) For ( ) 0.2 0,
I BE B C
V V V on I I = < = = 5 and 0
O
V V P = =
(b) For 3.6 ,
I
V V = transistor is driven into saturation, so
( ) 3.6 0.7
4.53
0.64
I BE
B
B
V V on
I mA
R

= = = and
( ) 5 0.2
10.9
0.440
CE
C
C
V V sat
I mA
R
+

= = =
Note that
10.9
2.41
4.53
C
B
I
I
= = < which shows that the transistor is indeed driven into saturation. Now,
( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) 4.53 0.7 10.9 0.2 5.35
B BE C CE
P I V on I V sat
mW
= +
= + =


TYU5.8
For 0 0.7
BC O
V V V = =
Then
5 0.7
9.77
0.44
C
I mA

= = and
9.77
0.195
50
C
B
I
I mA

= = =
Now ( ) ( )( ) 0.195 0.64 0.7
I B B BE
V I R V on = + = + or 0.825
I
V V =
( )
( )( ) ( )( )
Also
0.195 0.7 9.77 0.7 6.98
B BE C CE
P I V on I V
mW
= +
= + =


TYU5.9
10 6.34
0.915
4
C
C
C
V V
I mA
R
+

= = =
And
( ) ( ) 0.7 10
10
BE
E
E
V on V
I
R

= = or I
E
= 0.930
Now
0.915
0.9839
0.930
C
E
I
I
= = = and
0.9839
61
1 1 0.9839

= = =


Also 0.930 0.915 15
B E C
I I I A = = and ( ) 6.34 0.7 7.04
CE C E
V V V V = = =

TYU5.10
( )( )
( )( )
( )( )
( )
10 0.7
1.16 mA
8
1.1625
22.8 A
51
50 22.8 A 1.14 mA
10 1.1625 8 0.7 V
10 1.1397 4 10 5.44
0.7 5.44
6.14 V
E
B
C
E E E
C C C
EC
EC
I
I
I
V V I R
V I R
V
V

= =
= =
= =
= = =
= = =
=
=


TYU5.11
( )
BB B B BE E E
V I R V on I R = + +
or ( ) ( ) 1
BB B B BE B E
V I R V on I R = + + +
Then
( )
( ) ( )( )
2 0.7
1 10 76 1
BB BE
B
B E
V V on
I
R R

= =
+ + +

or 15.1
B
I A =
Also ( )( ) 75 15.1 1.13
C
I A mA = = and ( ) ( ) 76 15.1 1.15
E
I A mA = =
( ) ( ) ( )( )
Now
8 2 1.13 2.5 1.15 1 6.03
CE CC BB C C E E
V V V I R I R
V
= +
= + =


TYU5.12
2 5 2 5
CE E E E
V . V V . V I R = = =
We have ( )
BB B B BE E
V I R V on V = + +
so
( ) 5 0 7 2 5
10
BB BE E
B
B
V V on V
. .
I
R


= =
or 0 18
B
I . mA =
Then ( )( ) 101 0 18 18 2
E
I . . mA = =
And
2 5
0 138 138
18 18
E
.
R . k
.
= =

TYU5.13
( )
BB E E EB B B
V I R V on I R = + +
2.2
2.2 0.0431
51
E B
I mA I mA = = =
and ( )
50
2.2 2.16
1 51
C E
I I mA

= = =

+



Then ( )( ) ( ) ( ) 2.2 1 0.7 0.0431 50
BB
V = + +
or V
BB
= 5.06 V
Now ( )( ) 5 5 2.2 1 2.8
EC E E
V I R V = = =

TYU5.14
(a) For 0,
I
v = 0, 12 , 0
B C O
i i v V P = = = =
(b) For 12 ,
I
v V =
( ) 12 0.7
47.1
0.24
I BE
B
B
v V on
i mA
R

= = =
( ) 12 0.1
2.38
5
CC CE
C
C
V V sat
i A
R

= = =
0.1
O
v V =
and
( ) ( )
( )( ) ( ) ( ) 0.0471 0.7 2.38 0.1 0.271
B BE C CE
P i V on i V sat
W
= +
= + =


TYU5.15
(a) For 2.5 ,
CEQ
V V =
5 2.5
1.25
2
CQ
I mA

= =
1.25
12.5
100
CQ
BQ BQ
I
I I A

= = =
Then
5 0.7
344
0.0125
B
R k

= =
(b) I
BQ
is independent of .
For
5 1
1 , 2
2
CEQ C
V V I mA

= = =
2
160
0.0125
C
B
I
I
= = =
For
5 4
4 , 0.5
2
CEQ C
V V I mA

= = =
0.5
40
0.0125
C
B
I
I
= = =
So 40 160

TYU5.16
5 0.7
0.005375
800
BQ
I mA

= =
For ( )( ) 75, 75 0.005375
CQ BQ
I I = = =
Or 0.403
CQ
I mA =
For ( ) ( ) 150, 150 0.005375
CQ
I = =
Or 0.806
CQ
I mA =
Largest Smallest
CQ CEQ
I V
For
5 1
150, 4.96
0.806
C
R k

= = =
For
5 4
75, 2.48
0.403
C
R k

= = =
For a nominal 0.604
CQ
I mA = and
5 2.5
2.5 , 4.14
0.604
CEQ C
V V R k

= = =
Now for 0.403 ,
CQ
I mA = ( )( ) 5 0.403 4.14 3.33
CEQ
V V = =
For 0.806 ,
CQ
I mA = ( )( ) 5 0.806 4.14 1.66
CEQ
V V = =
So, for 4.14 ,
C
R k = 1.66 3.33
CEQ
V V

TYU5.17
(a)
( )
100
1 0.99
1 101
1
9.90
1 101
CQ EQ
EQ
BQ
I I mA
I
I A

= = =

+


= =
+

( )( ) 0.0099 50
or 0.495
B BQ B
B
V I R
V V
= =
=

( )
3
14
0.99 10
ln 0.026 ln
3 10
or 0.630
CQ
BE T
S
BE
I
V V
I
V V

= =

=

( )( )
( )
Then 0.495 0.630 1.13
10 0.99 5 5.05
Then 5.05 1.13 6.18
E B BE
C
CEQ C E
V V V V
V V
V V V V
= = =
= =
= = =

(b)
( )( )
( )
( )
( )( )
( )
3
14
1
1 , 0.0196
1 51
0.0196 50 0.98
50
1 0.98
1 51
0.98 10
0.026 ln 0.629
3 10
0.98 0.629 1.61
10 0.98 5 5.1
5.1 1.61 6.71
EQ
EQ BQ
B
CQ EQ
BE
E
C
CEQ C E
I
I mA I mA
V V
I I mA
V V
V V
V V
V V V V

= = = =
+
= =


= = =

+



= =

= =
= =
= = =


TYU5.18
1 121
Q Q
B
I I
I

= =
+

and
( ) ( )
( )
( )
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
20 0.165
121
0.165 0.7
120
0.992
1 121
5 0.992 4 5
3.97 5
0.165 0.7 3.97 5
3.805 5.7
Q
B Q
E Q
CQ EQ Q Q
C CQ C Q
Q
ECQ E C
Q Q
Q
I
V I
V I
I I I I
V I R I
I
V V V
I I
I

= =


= +


= = =

+


= =
=
=
= +

= +

Then 3 5.7 3.805
Q
I =
which yields 0.710
Q
I mA =