Magazine Final

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3
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4
cÖZ¨q †mb¸ß
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mvZ AvUw`b gv_vi Nv‡g cv‡qi Nv‡g GKvKvi Kivi ci GKiKgfv‡e wbwðZ n‡q †Mjvg XvKv kn‡i
e¨v‡Pji‡ì evmv fvov cvIqvi †P‡q wngvjq ce©Zgvjv gv_vq ‡Zvjv A‡bKUv †mvRv| hwÌ wi‡qj e¨v‡Pji
ej‡Z hv †evSvq Avgiv wVK Zv bvÑ GL‡bv ÷z‡W›U; m‡egvÎ B›Uvi cix¶v w`w”QÑ cix¶v †kl n‡jB †nv‡÷j
†_‡K we`vq N›Uv| `¨vbÑ dvBÛ BDi IDb I‡q| †nv‡÷j mycvi †Zv IB ch©š— e‡jB Lvjvm| ZviciÑ
Ñ‡`Lyb, Avgiv †Zv ejwQ bv Av‡iv GKeQi _vKe| cix¶vi ci wZb-Pvigvm †KvwPs- Zvici †Zv †Kvb bv
†Kvb fvwm©wU‡Z PvÝ cvw”Q| Aš—Zt †KvwPs wcwiqWUvÑ
ÑcvMj n‡qQ! †nv‡÷‡ji i“jm e‡j GKUv wRwbm Av‡Q bv| Avi, †Zvgiv hw` bv hvI dv÷© Bqv‡ii QvÎiv
hLb Avm‡e, Zv‡ì †Kv_vq _vK‡Z wè?
Ñb~Zb e¨vP Avm‡Z †Zv Av‡iv `y-gvm evwK| wVK Av‡Q; H `y-gvm Avgv‡ì _vK‡Z w`b| Iiv Avmvi Av‡MB
Avgiv P‡j hve| ZZw`‡b nq‡Zv evmv-‡gm wKQz GKUvi eë¯’v n‡q hv‡e|
ÑIme e‡j †Kvb jvf †bB| cÖwZeQi B›Uvi †k‡l Iì e¨vP P‡j hvq, `y-gvm c‡i b~Zb e¨vP Av‡m| gvSLv‡bi
`y-gvm Avgv‡ìI †W‡fjvc‡g›U IqvK©| cÖwZevi P‡j hvIqvi Av‡M †Zvgiv i“g¸‡jvi hv Ae¯’v K‡i ivLÑ
wi‡cqvi Ki‡Z Ki‡ZB Avgv‡ì Kv‡jvNvg Qz‡U hvq|
K_vevZ©v Iiv fv‡jvB cv‡i! ‡W‡fjvc‡g›U IqvK©! ÑAvgvi GL‡bv g‡b Av‡Q; cÖ_g †hw`b G †nv‡÷‡j
G†mwQjvg †Kvb jKv‡i nvZj wQj bv| LvU¸‡jv ÷¨vÛ Qvov, `y-Lvbv †Pqvi fvOv, Avi jvB‡Ui hv my¨BPÑ
GL‡bv †h †eu‡P AvwQ Zv mvZ-R‡b¥i c~Y¨dj| Zvi DciÑ K‡j‡Ri †nv‡÷j n‡jI GKUv K_v wQj| †Kvb GK
weR‡bm MÖ“‡ci AvÛv‡i e¨w³gvwjKvbvaxb GKwU †nv‡÷jÑ ZviI Avevi i“jm| Av‡i evev; †Zv‡ì †Zv eëmv
ìKvi| Ggb †Zv bv †h Avgiv DØv¯‘ wn‡m‡e Avkªq wbw”Q| mwjW †i›UÑ ìKvi n‡j GKUz †ewkB wè; †K
†evSv‡e? ÑG‡K †Zv cix¶vi †Ubkb; c‡iiUv Av‡iv †ewkÑ †Kv_vq hve? XvKv kn‡ii Ab¨‡ì ZvI `y-PviRb
bv n‡jI Aš—Zt GK-`yRb AvZ¥xq-¯^Rb Av‡Q| Avgvi fv‡M¨ ‡Quov-wk‡K| AZGeÑ Pz‡jvq hvK cix¶v;
Avev‡iv AwfhvbÑ Uz dvBÛ Uz †jU| K‡qKRb †cj, K‡qKRb †cj bv, K‡qKRb aŸs‡mi †klcÖv‡š—Ñ KvbœvKvwU
K‡i e‡j-K‡q †`Le GKevi| ï‡bB Avgvi gv_vq Av¸b
Ñ‡gi“`Û e‡j †Zvi wK †Kvb wKQz Av‡Q! wQt! ìKvi n‡j iv¯—vq _vKe| Zv I H mycv‡ii Kv‡Q †QvU nIqv
hv‡e bv|
ÑwVK K_v|
5
†jvKUv‡K mwZ¨Kvifv‡e GKRbI cQ›` K‡i bv| †`L‡Z KzrwmZ `k©bÑ †mUv mgm¨v bq| mgm¨v nj †jvKUvi
AvPiY †hb Zvi evwn¨K `k©‡bi ev¯—e cÖwZdjb| MvjvMvwj ˆbwgwËKÑ K_vq K_vq i“jm&; GLv‡b _vK‡Z n‡j
mwjW f`ª‡Q‡jÑ †bv ˆn-‰P, †bv †PuPv‡gwP; MvbevRbv, wUwf †`Lv, Zvm †LjvÑ me eÜ| ïaygvÎ †jLvcov|
_vK‡Z cvi‡j _vK&, bvn‡j †MU AvDU| A‡b‡K P‡jI wM‡qwQjÑ Aek¨ †Kvb GKRb P‡j †M‡j jvfUv I‡ì
†ewk| G‡K †Zv Avgv‡ì wekvj K‡jRÑ nvRvi Pv‡iK QvÎ| Zvi Dci wbR¯^ †Kvb †nv‡÷j †bB †mLv‡b|
†bwUf‡ì †Kvb mgm¨v †bBÑ hZ †fvMvwš— me Avgiv hviv evB‡ii cÖvYx; †Kvb cwiwPZ †bBÑ Ggb cwi‡e‡k
Af¨¯—I bB| Zvi Dci MvwW©qvbiv GgbÑ wekvj XvKv kn‡ii ey‡K ey‡Ki gvwbK‡K my‡ZvQvov Qvo‡Z Zuv‡ì
ey‡K †hb KuvUv we‡a| AZGe, GB wcÖRbÑ A‡bK i“jm&; †Q‡j Avi hvB †nvK wec‡_ hv‡e bv|
cÖwZeQi kÕLv‡bK A¨vwc−‡Kkb c‡o| GKUv P‡j †M‡j I‡ì †Zv †cvqvev‡ivÑ b~Zb QvÎ, b~Zb Bqviwj PvR©;
ZvI †bnv‡qr g›` bvÑ c‡bi nvRvi UvKv| Avnv‡i! Pwj−kRb Qv‡Îi mevB hw` Ifv‡e †ewi‡q †hZ! Zv Avi
n‡q B‡V bv| Avgiv Rbv we‡kKÑ XvKv kni ZL‡bv Avgv‡ì Kv‡Q K‡jR Avi †nv‡÷j; gvSLv‡b Ava-
wK‡jvwgUviÑ evwKUv †auvqv-‡auvqv †auvqvgq; Zvi Dci MvwW©qvb| AZGeÑ PvjvI mviw_Ñ
Ifv‡e P‡jwQj `yeQi| Gi g‡a¨ P‡j wM‡qwQj wekRb, b~Zb m‡ZiÑ mevB GK; mycv‡ii bv‡g †Z‡j-‡e¸b|
e¨vwZµg GKRbÑ IiKg meLv‡bB `yÕGKUv _v‡K; mevi wgwó fv‡jv jv‡M, Kv‡iv Avevi †Z‡Zv| Ii bvg
Acy| mycvi †hb Ii Aviva¨ †èZv| mycv‡ii mvg‡b †m Kx weMwjZ nvwm; wgbwg‡b K_vevZ©v| mycviIÑ
Ab¨‡ì mvg‡b mv¶vr AvRivBj, hgiv‡Ri AwMœ‡Zvjv †PvL| Avi Ii Kv‡Q wgbwg‡b †gwb; Kv‡jv gy‡Li
Av”Qv`‡b mv`v mv`v gy‡jvùv‡Zi †ù‡Zv nvwm
ÑcoQ! co, co| MZ cix¶vi †iRvë Kx? ÑI, dv÷© n‡qQ| wVK Av‡Q| Av‡iKUz fv‡jv Kivi †Póv Ki|
Ñbv| Avm‡j cix¶vi mgq kixi Lvivc wQj ‡Zv|
Ñ‡Kb? wbðq Awbqg| GZ K‡i ewj Avgv‡ì i“jm¸‡jv †g‡b Pj| bv gvb‡j Avgv‡ì Kx! †Zvgv‡ìB ¶wZ|
Ñi“jm †Zv †g‡b Pwj meB| Avm‡j, †cU Lvivc n‡qwQj †mevi|
Ñwbðq iv¯—vi cuPv-evwm Lvevi †L‡qwQ‡j| GZ K‡i ewjÑ
Avnv¤§K! †h †Q‡j PweŸk N›Uv Nvo-Muy‡R c‡o †m Avevi evB‡i hv‡e KLb| †mevi GKmv‡_ bqR‡bi †cU
LvivcÑ mevB wbðq iv¯—vi Lvevi Lvqwb| Avi AcyI GgbÑ gv_v bvwo‡q ¯^xKvi K‡i wbjÑ ZvB n‡e nq‡Zv|
mvg‡b †_‡K AgbUv n‡e bv Avi| ‡mB kvjv dv÷© nIqvi †P‡q †ewk fv‡jv †h Kx Ki‡eÑ IB Rv‡b Avi Rv‡b
IB mycvi|
`yÕeQi a‡i Avwg †f‡e G‡mwQjvg IB nj c„w_exi me‡P‡q wb‡e©va †kªYxi Auv‡Zj| fyjUv fvOj µvwš—j‡MœÑ
mevB hLb evmv Luy‡R nqivb; e¨vUv bv‡K †Zj w`‡q Nygv‡”Q| welqLvbv? fq¼i! `yBeQi a‡i mycvi‡K †Zwj‡q
6
†Zwj‡q †m bvwK GKUv wm‡Ui e¨ve¯’v K‡i wb‡q‡QÑ DB`vDU Gwb G·Uªv PvR©| nvq! nvq! †K e‡j wb‡e©vaÑ G
†h mycvi Kw¤úDUvi| Z‡j Z‡j GZ wKQyÑ Avwg †ek GK‡PvU wb‡q wbjvg |
ÑwQt! wQt! IB mycv‡ii Kv‡Q †QvU n‡Z †Zvi we‡e‡K GKUzI evaj bv| gvÎ `yBgvm AwZwi³ _vKvi Rb¨ `yB
eQifi GZwKQy Kiwj!
wcQ‡b Av‡iv A‡bKÑ Avgv‡ì aviYv wQj GLv‡b GK ¸ßPi Av‡Q †h mg‡q Amg‡q Avgv‡ì wewfbœ
A‰bwZK(!) Kvh©Kjv‡ci LeivLei mycvi‡K RvbvZ| IB Zvn‡j †mB| ÑwKQyB Kivi †bB GLv‡b| †Zvi wmU
wb‡q ZzB _vK; Avgiv Avgv‡ì fvM¨ Mwo|
Ae‡k‡l WvK Av‡m| mevi eë¯’v †gvUvgywUÑ Avwg A‡bK K‡ó GK eÜzi †g‡m| †klw`b mevB e¨_vZziÑ Iqvb
AvdUvi A¨vbv`vi; wi·v, f¨vbMvwo, wm. Gb. wR.Ñ †nv‡÷j Lvwj n‡Z _v‡K| †k‡l _v‡K Acy Avi Avgvi
fv‡M¨ Av‡iv GKw`bÑ †g‡mi wmU Lvwj nqwb| wK Avi KivÑ wPi AcQ›`bxq †mB †Q‡ji mv‡_ GK †nv‡÷‡j
Av‡iK ivZ| †m mvnvh¨ Ki‡Z G‡mwQjÑ e¨vM euvav, GUv-‡mUv|
Ñ_vK&! Avwg wb‡RB cvie| ZzB wM‡q Nygv|
cÖwZev` bv K‡i P‡j wM‡qwQj †m| Gj ciw`b mKv‡j| ZLb Avgvi Kgwc−U c¨vKAvc| ¸Uv‡bv †ewWs-G
†njvb w`‡q Avwg wngy cowQjvg| †m Avgvi mvg‡b †Pqvi †U‡b emj|
ÑZzB‡Zv Rvwbm, †nv‡÷‡ji BwZnv‡m cÖ_gev‡ii gZ Avwg cix¶v †kl nIqvi ciI _vKwQ|
Avwg weiw³‡Z gyL KyuP‡K _vwK| fve wbB †hb I‡K †`wLBwb|
ÑZzB ïbwQm!
Ñnu¨v| ej|
ZL‡bv Avwg eB‡qi Aš—iv‡j|
Ñ‡Kb Rvwbm?
ÑKx?
ÑAvgv‡K †Kb ivLv n‡”Q?
GBme Avw`‡L¨Zvq Avgvi Mv R¡‡j| eQifi †ZjevwR Ki‡Z wM‡q †m †h KLb cy‡iv`¯‘i GKRb †ZjevR n‡q
D‡V‡QÑ wb‡RB nq‡Zv Rv‡b bv| kvjv wK Avgv‡K mycvi †c‡q‡Q! G Avc` we‡`q n‡jB fvj| eyw× K‡i
ejjvg
ÑZzB fvj QvÎÑ cÖwZevi dv÷© †nvm| mvg‡b Av‡iv fvj KiweÑ †nv‡÷‡ji mybvg evo‡eÑ
Ñfyj! cÖwZeQiB †Kvb bv †Kvb fvj QvÎ GLv‡b _v‡K|
ÑZv, evev! GZ fwbZv bv K‡i ejbv hv ej‡Z G‡mwQm|
Ñ‡Zviv †Zv †ivR iv‡Z `ya †LwZ|
Ñnu¨v| mgm¨v †Kv_vq?
Ñ †mUv †K w`Z?
7
ÑwK cvM‡ji gZ K_v ewjm! †nv‡÷‡ji wbR¯^ Mi“i Lvgvi Av‡Q| GKRb †jvK Mi“¸‡jvi †`Lv‡kvbv K‡i|
ÑwM‡qwQm KL‡bv †mLv‡b?
ÑwfZ‡i hvBwb|
ÑZvn‡j †kvb| †Zviv P‡j hvIqvi ci IUvB n‡e Avgvi _vKvi RvqMv| †h †jvKUv †Zv‡ì †ivR iv‡Z `ya
w`‡q †hZ †m †jvKUv Avgvi evev| `y-eQi Avwg †Zv‡ì mv‡_ wd« wQjvg| Avi GLb Avwg †hLv‡b †eW †djeÑ
Zvi GKcv‡k `kLvbv Mi“Ñ mvivw`b nv¤^v-nv¤^v; Avi Ab¨cv‡k cvnvo mvB‡Ri †Mve‡ii Mv`v|
Avwg eRªvnZÑ wK e‡j Gme!
Ñ‡Mve‡i Lye `~M©Ü, Rvwbm? Z‡e Avgvi †Kvb mgm¨v †bB|
ej‡Z ej‡Z †m Avgvi Ava‡Lvjv e¨v‡Mi gvSLvb ‡_‡K cviwdD‡gi †evZjUv †U‡b wbj| wb‡Ri kv‡U©i wKbv‡i
†¯cÖ Kij GKevi| bvK byB‡q kuy‡K †`‡L wKbvivwU GwM‡q w`j Avgvi bvK eivei
Ñ‡Zvi cviwdDg| g‡b nq Lye my›ì MÜ| ku‡y K †`Lbv GKevi| wKš‘ RvwbmÑ Avwg †Kvbai‡Yi MÜB cvBbv|
Avwg wbe©vK| †m fvjfv‡eB Rv‡b Avgvi Reve †Ìqvi †kl kw³UzKI
z †m kuy‡l wb‡q‡Q|
ÑAvgvi g‡b nq Wv³vi †`Lv‡bv ìKvi| ZzB Kx ewjm?
‡KŠZzKfiv `„wó‡Z †m Avgvi w`‡K ZvKvq GKevi| Zvici D‡V ùvwo‡q ìRvi w`‡K †h‡Z ‡h‡Z e‡jÑ
ÑAek¨ gvm `y‡qK ci ZzB G‡j †`Lwe Avwg Kv‡bI Kg ïbwQ| gv_vi wfZi mvivw`b nv¤^v-nv¤^vÑ
AvK®§vr wcQb wd‡i `yóz GKUv nvwm †Ljvq gy‡L
Ñ‡`‡L hvm wKš‘|
nvwmUv wVK nvwm n‡q D‡V bvÑ †m †Pv‡Li †Kv‡Y Rj| Avwg wbwðZ; i“g †_‡K †ei n‡q kv‡U©I wKbvi w`‡q
†PvL gyQ‡e †m| nvq! nvq! cviwdDg gvLv‡bv kvU©! bvK-Kv‡bi mv‡_ mv‡_ Ii †PvL `y‡UvI hw` bó n‡q hvq!
8
Dcj gvneye
GKwU KvíwbK Mí
g‡b Ki“b, iƒcK_vi †Kvb GK †`‡k _vK‡Zv GK gywP| a‡i wbb ‡ePviv gywP Lye Mwie wQj| cÖvq w`b Av‡b w`b
Lvq gZ Ae¯’v hv‡K e‡j| iƒcK_vi M‡í GKRb ivRv _vKv cÖ‡qvRb| ivRvi wQj g¯— ivRcÖvmv`| nvwZkv‡j
nvwZ, †Nvovkv‡j †Nvov, wekvj ˆmbëvwnbx BZ¨vw` BZ¨vw`| Avi nu¨v, eive‡ii g‡ZvB ivRvi wQj GK Awb›`¨
my›ìx Kb¨v hvi we‡qi K_v wPš—v Ki‡Z Ki‡Z ivRvi †Pv‡L Nyg wQj bv|
‡hgbwU nq Avi wK? wVK ivRevwoi wcQ‡bi iv¯—vi av‡iB wQj gywPi †`vKvb| cÖwZw`b mKvj mÜ¨v †m †`vKv‡b
e‡m Ry‡Zv †mjvB Ki‡Zv Avi (wVK hv †f‡e‡Qb) ivRKb¨v A›ì gn‡ji wcQ‡bi Rvbvjvq ùvwo‡q ùvwo‡q cÖvq
w`bB gywPi KvR †`L‡Zv| ivRKb¨v‡K †`L‡Z gywPI †h KvR †d‡j ¶wYK ZvKv‡Zv bv ZvI bq| we‡kl K‡i
†m †h‡nZz iƒcK_vi M‡íi PwiÎ, Avi †K bv Rv‡b iƒcK_vq meB m¤¢e| KLbI fvMëkZ †PvLv‡PvwL n‡q
†M‡j g„`y ‡n‡m `yR‡bB ‡PvL mwi‡q wbZ| Avi gywPi g‡bi Kíbvi MvQ Wvjcvjv ‡gj‡Z ‡gj‡Z AvKvk †X‡K
†dj‡Zv|
Gici Aek¨ Kvwnbxi †gvo Ny‡i †Mj| †Kvb bvUKxq cwiYq Kvwnbxi w`‡K hvIqvi Av‡MB GK wfb‡`kx
ivRcy‡Îi mv‡_ ivRKb¨vi we‡q wVK n‡q †Mj| mvR mvR ie c‡o †Mj Pvwiw`‡K| iƒcK_vi gywP nVvr ev¯—-
eZvi †Quvqv †cj| GgbwK fvM¨‡K †g‡b wb‡q PzcPvc wb‡Ri KvR K‡i †Mj mKvj †_‡K mÜ¨v| we‡qi Av‡Mi
evwK w`b¸‡jvi Rb¨ ivRKb¨vI A›ì gn‡j Aš—ixY n‡q iB‡jb|
Gfv‡eB nq‡Zv w`b¸‡jv †K‡U ‡hZ| wKš‘ iƒcK_v e‡j K_v| nVvr GKw`b ivRvi †jv‡Kiv gywP‡K †W‡K wb‡q
‡Mj ivRcÖvmv‡`| ivRKb¨v Zv‡K Ri“ix Zje K‡i‡Qb| wK Rb¨ Zv GZ¶‡Y wbðqB ey‡S †M‡Qb| nu¨v,
ivRKb¨v Pvb Zvi we‡qi Abyôv‡b civi we‡kl Ry‡Zv†Rvov gywP evwb‡q w`K Gi Rb¨ Zv‡K h_v‡hvM¨ cvwikªwgK
†Ìqv n‡e| Ry‡Zv cQ›` bv n‡j †h gywPi M`©vb hv‡e G K_vUvI GLv‡b Ry‡o †Ìqv hvK| GiKg ivRKxq
KvR †c‡q gywP †hgb Lywk †Zgwb fxZ M`©vb hvIqvi f‡q| `kw`b, `kivZ GKUvbv †L‡U eû h‡Zœ, †m
Ae‡k‡l evbv‡bv GK †Rvov Ry‡Zv| Ac~e© Zvi Kvi“Kvh©, AmvaviY Zvi wWRvBb, Awfbe Zvi ÷vBj| †h-B
†`‡L †mB gy» n‡q ZvwK‡q _v‡K| †mB Ry‡Zv cv‡q ivRKb¨vi †mŠ›`h©I †hb wØ¸Y n‡q †Mj|
9
ivRKb¨vi ‡Zv we‡q n‡q †Mj aygav‡gi mv‡_ Avi Ry‡Zvi Kj¨v‡Y gywP ‡cj A‡Xj cvwikªwgK| †mB mv‡_
AmsL¨ bZzb Ry‡Zvi AW©vi| GB ch©v‡q Avgv‡ì MíwUI iƒcK_vi KvVv‡gv †_‡K cy‡ivcywi †ei n‡q Av‡m|
ivRKb¨v Zvi bZzb e‡ii mv‡_ wfb‡`‡k cvwo †`q Ges cybivq A›ìgnjevwmbx nq| nq‡Zvev Gevi †Kvb
ZuvwZi Kv‡R bZzb †cÖiYvI ms‡hvRb K‡i| wKš‘ Gw`‡K Avgv‡ì †mB `wi`ª gywP Zvi GKwU ivRKxq Ry‡Zv
evbvevi my‡hvM Kv‡R jvwM‡q ax‡i ax‡i RbwcÖq n‡Z jvM‡jv| GKch©v‡q †jvK jvwM‡q Ry‡Zv evbv‡bv ïi“
Ki‡jv| GgbwK wKQyw`‡bi g‡a¨ wb‡Ri UvKvq GKUv Ry‡Zvi d¨v±ix evwb‡q `~i `~iv‡š— Ry‡Zv ißvwb ïi“
Ki‡jv! gywP bvg NuywP‡q †m nj wewkó ewbK| Zvi eëmvi DbœwZi mv‡_ mv‡_ †`‡kiI Av_©mvgvwRK Dbœqb nj,
†eKvi mgm¨v jvNe nj| †mB mv‡_ KvVv‡gvMZ DbœwZ nj- GK K_vq bZzb hy‡Mi m~Pbv nj|
Avi iƒcK_vi †mB ivRv-wZwb wb‡Ri Ki †c‡jB Lywk| Avgiv a‡i wbjvg iƒcK_vi ivRKb¨vi we‡qi ci wZwb
mKj wPš—v †Q‡o wb‡Ri ¯¿x‡ì wb‡q Av‡q‡k iB‡jb|
GLv‡bB Avgv‡ì KvíwbK M‡íi BwZ Ges ev¯—eZvi ïi“!
10
dzqv` web bv‡mi
AvBRvK wbDUb: gy`ªvi D‡ëv wcV
wbDUb gvbyl wn‡m‡e Lye GKUv mywe‡ai wQ‡jb bv| wK, Avgvi cÖ_g jvBb c‡o Pg‡K DV‡jb ? hviv ï×
weÁv‡bi cyRvix Zuviv †Zv wbðqB Avgv‡K jvwV wb‡q Zvov Ki‡eb| Avi wjL‡Z e‡mI Avwg GLwb Zuv‡ì gyL
wb:m„Z wb‡f©Rvj evsjv Mvwji m¤¢v‡ii wKQzUv Abygvb Ki‡Z cviwQ| me‡P‡q f`ª‡jv‡Kiv Aš—Z ej‡eb, Ó Av‡i
e¨vUv †Zvi ¯úa©v‡Zv Kg bq, ZzB wbDU‡bi mgv‡jvPbv KiwQm, huvi K‡o AvOy‡ji †hvM¨ nIqvi ¶gZvI †Zvi
†PvÏcyi“‡li †bB| Ó Av‡i evev †mUv wK Avi Avwg Rvwb bv ... Z‡e Avgv‡K Aš—Z Avgvi K_vUv †kl Ki‡Z
w`b| Avgvi G †jLvi cÖ_g evK¨wU Avgvi wb‡Ri evYx bq, eiÂ GB K_vwU Ggb GKRb bgm¨ e¨w³‡Z¡i eywj
whwb AvR‡Ki hy‡M wbDU‡bi KvQvKvwQ m¤§vb Av`vq K‡i †bevi †hvM¨Zv iv‡Lb| GB †jvKwUi bvg wó‡db
nwKs| Gevi Avkv Kwi Avcbv‡ì wKQzUv Pg‡K w`‡Z †c‡iwQ| Avcbviv nq‡Zv fve‡Qb GZw`b‡Zv †Kej
ivRbxwZwe`‡ì‡KB Kv`v †QuvovQuywo Ki‡Z †`‡LwQ, wKš‘ Ggb weL¨vZ weÁvbmvaK‡ì G Avevi †Kgb Af¨vm!
n¨v, Avm‡jB w÷‡db nwKs wbDUb m¤ú‡K© Ggb K_v e‡jwQ‡jb| mwZ¨ ej‡Z Kx, Zuvi cy‡iv K_vwU wQj
A‡bKUv Ggb Ó wbDUb gvbyl wn‡m‡e Lye GKUv mywe‡ai wQ‡jb bv| Ab¨vb¨ weÁvbx‡ì mv‡_ Zuvi m¤úK© wQj
LyeB wZ³| Ges Zuvi Rxe‡bi †klfvM †K‡U‡Q wewfbœ DËß weZ‡K©i gv‡S| Ó Z‡e †Kgb wQ‡jb Avm‡j m¨vi
AvBRvK wbDUb? Zuvi Rxe‡bi †mB weZK©¸‡jvB ev Kx ? Avmyb wbDU‡bi AÜKvi w`K¸‡jv Rvwb‡q AvR
Avcbv‡ì Av‡jvwKZ Kiv hvK|
wbDUb Zuvi mg‡qi †ewkifvM weÁvbxi mv‡_B weZ‡K© wjß n‡qwQ‡jb, Z‡e me‡P‡q †ewk mgv‡jvPbvi So
Zz‡jwQj †hme weZK©¸‡jv Zuvi gv‡S Ab¨Zg nj wbDUb - wjewb‡Ri K¨vjKzjvm weZK©| Avcbviv nq‡Zv
A‡b‡KB å“ KuyPKv‡eb, KviY G Avi Ggb bZzb Kx| Avm‡jB K¨vjKzjvm bvgK MwY‡Zi GB Abb¨mvaviY
kvLvwUi Avwe®‹v‡ii K…wZZ¡ wb‡q GB `yB gnvi_xi weZ‡K©i K_v Kv‡ivB ARvbv bq| Z‡e AvR‡K Avwg †mB
g~j Kvwnbxi w`‡K bv wM‡q wKQz †fZ‡ii Z_¨ Avcbv‡ì Kv‡Q †ck Kie| Avcbviv Rvb‡j AevK n‡eb †h
K¨vjKzjvm weZ‡K©i ¯’vwqZ¡Kvj wQj cÖvq evi eQi| GB ev‡iv eQi a‡i wewfbœfv‡e wewfbœ weÁvbx wbDUb ev
wjewb‡Ri c¶ wb‡q cwÎKvq ev Rvb©v‡j Zuv‡ì gZvgZ †ck K‡i †M‡Qb| ¯^fveZB wbDU‡bi c‡¶i †jLvB
wQj Zzjbvg~jKfv‡e †ewk| Z‡e Lye m¤cÖwZ GKUv gRvi Z_¨ Rvbv †M‡Q †h, †m mgq wbDU‡bi c¶ wb‡q
cÎcwÎKvq †h mg¯— †jLv cÖKvwkZ n‡qwQj Zvi †ewkifvMB Avm‡j wbDU‡bi wb‡Ri †jLv! wbDUb Zuvi
eÜzcÖwZg wewfbœ weÁvbx‡ì bvg eënvi K‡i cwÎKvq wjewb‡Ri "†auvKvevwRiÓ Kov mgv‡jvPbv K‡i wM‡q‡Qb
wjewb‡Ri g„Zy¨ ch©š—| GKmgq wjewbR GB mgv‡jvPbvi Zx‡i Ges Acgv‡bi R¡vjvq Aw¯’i n‡q Avwcj
Ki‡jb G‡Kev‡i weÁvbx‡ì nvB‡KvU© Ñ A_©vr iq¨vj †mvmvBwU‡Z| ZLbKvi iq¨vj †mvmvBwUi †cÖwm‡W›U
Av‡iK weL¨vZ c`v_©we` ievU© û‡Ki mv‡_I wbDU‡bi Ø›Ø PjwQj ZLb, ZvB wZwb Lywkg‡b GB gvgjv MÖnY
11
Ki‡jb| wKš‘ fv‡Mï wK jxjv, gvgjv GKgvm Nyi‡Z bv Nyi‡ZB ievU© ûK g„Z‚ëiY Ki‡jb| Ges Abygvb
Ki“b †Zv Gici iq¨vj †mvmvBwUi †cÖwm‡W›U †K wbe©vwPZ n‡jb ? Aek¨B †m mgqKvi †miv weÁvbx m¨vi
AvBRvK wbDUb ! wbDUb †cÖwm‡W›U c` MÖnY Kievi mv‡_ mv‡_B wjewbR‡K Pzwi Ges †auvKvevwRi `v‡q
Awfhy³ Ki‡jb| gvgjvi wi‡cv‡U© K¨vjKyjvm Avwe®‹v‡ii mg¯— ¯^Ë¡ wbDUb‡K †Ìqv nj Ges wjewbR‡K evwK
Rxe‡bi Rb¨ kvw¯— wn‡m‡e iq¨vj †mvmvBwUi cÖv½b †_‡K Kiv nj ewn®‹vi| Ges G wi‡cvU© ˆZix K‡iwQ‡jb
Ówbi‡c¶Ó Z`š— KwgwUi cÖavb m¨vi AvBRvK wbDUb ¯^qs! Kv‡RB †`L‡ZB cvi‡Qb †Kej GKv AvgivB
`ybx©wZi mv‡_ RwoZ bB| hv‡nvK G NUbvi ci fMœü`q wjewbR †ewkw`b euv‡Pb wb| Ges wjewb‡Ri g„Zzï ci
wbDUb Zuvi Nwbô eÜy m¨vi GWgÛ n¨vwji Kv‡Q gš—e¨ K‡iwQ‡jb †h wjewb‡Ri ü`q we`xY© K‡i bvwK wZwb
AZ¨waK mš‘wó jvf K‡iwQ‡jb!
wbDUb wjewbR weZK© m¤ú‡K© A‡b‡K Rvb‡jI wbDUb Ñ d¬¨vgw÷W weZK© A‡b‡KiB ARvbv| Rb d¬¨vgw÷W
wQ‡jb ZrKvjxb weªwUk iv‡Ri cÖavb ‡R¨vwZwe©` Ges iq¨vj AeRvi‡fUixi cÖavb| wbDUb hLb Zuvi gnvKl©
ZË¡ wb‡q M‡elYv KiwQ‡jb ZLb d¬¨vgw÷W Zuv‡K wewfbœ Z_¨ Ges Zuvi wb‡Ri M‡elYvjä DcvË w`‡q mvnvh¨
K‡ib| wKš‘ wbDUb hLb Zuvi gnvKl© ZË¡ cÖKvk K‡ib ZLb wZwb †mLv‡b GKev‡ii RbÏ d¬¨vgw÷‡Wi bvg
D‡j−L K‡ib wb| G‡Z ¯^fveZB d¬¨vgw÷W AcgvwbZ‡eva K‡ib Ges c‡iievi hLb wbDUb Avev‡iv Zuvi Kv‡Q
mvnv‡hï Rb¨ Av‡mb ZLb wZwb Z_¨ w`‡Z A¯^xK…wZ Rvbvb| Gevi wbDUb AcgvwbZ‡eva Ki‡jb| Z‡e
d¬¨vgw÷‡Wi g‡Zv wZwb e¨vcviUv nRg K‡i wb‡jb bv, wZwb GK wbôyi cÖwZ‡kv‡ai Av‡qvRb Ki‡jb| wbDUb
ZLb iq¨vj ‡mvmvBwUi †cÖwm‡W›U, ZvB G ¶gZv eënvi K‡i wZwb miKv‡ii Kv‡Q Av‡e`b cvVv‡jb ‡h wZwb
iq¨vj A¨v‡÷ªvbwgKvj †mvmvBwUi fviI wb‡Ri Kuv‡a Zz‡j wb‡Z Pvb| miKvi Ggb my‡hvM wK Avi nvZQvov
n‡Z †`b, mv‡_ mv‡_ wbDU‡bi Av‡e`b gÄyi Kiv nj| wbDUb G c‡` Awfwl³ n‡qB cÖ_g †h c`‡¶cUv
wb‡jb Zv nj, Rb d¬¨vgw÷‡Wi AvRxeb M‡elYvjä mKj M‡elYvcÎ ev‡Rqvß K‡i d¬¨vgw÷‡Wi me‡P‡q eo
cÖwZØ›Øx Ges wbDU‡bi eÜz GWgÛ n¨vwj‡K ‡m¸‡jv n¯—vš—i Kiv| d¬¨vgw÷W Ges Zuvi QvÎ w÷dvb †MÖ A‡bK
eQi †Kv‡U© †`Šov‡`Šwo Kievi ci †m M‡elYvcÎ¸‡jvi AwaKvi cybivq wd‡i cvb| wbDUb c‡i Zuvi wcÖwÝwcqv
g¨v_‡gwUKvi cieZ©x mKj msKjb †_‡K d¬¨vgw÷‡Wi D‡j−L mg~‡j DrcvwUZ K‡ib| Ges d¬¨vgw÷‡Wi wkl¨
w÷dvb †MÖI wbDU‡bi †Kvcvbj †_‡K †invB cvb wb| w÷dvb †MÖ ZLb weªwUk iv‡Ri wØZxq gvbgw›`‡i Kg©iZ
wQ‡jb Ges †mB gvbgw›`‡ii cÖavb wQ‡jb Rb †KvUm, wbDU‡bi Av‡iK Kv‡Qi eÜz| wbDU‡bi K_vq †KvUm
‡Mvc‡b w÷dvb †MÖi ˆZix Kiv †Uwj‡¯‹v‡ci cÖ‡R± m¨v‡evUvR K‡i †`b| †MÖ h_vh_ mg‡q Zuvi KvR †kl
Ki‡Z bv cvivq PvKixP~¨Z nb Ges M‡elYvi KvR ev` w`‡q Zuv‡K wd‡i †h‡Z nq Zuvi evevi Kvco is Kievi
eëmvq|
K¬vwmKvj †gKvwb·, MwZi wZb myÎ, gnvKl© ZË¡, wØc`x Dccv`¨ ... bv fq cv‡eb bv, Gme wb‡q †Kvb weZ‡K©i
AeKvk †bB Ges nq‡Zv wbDUb hw` bv Avm‡Zb Z‡e G¸‡jvi bvg †kvbvI n‡Zv bv Avgv‡ì| G ‡jLvi
wk‡ivbvg wQj AvBRvK wbDUb: gy`ªvi D‡ëv wcV| Z‡e fy‡j †M‡j Pj‡e bv †h GKUv ¯^Y©gy`ªvi GwcU Iwc‡V
hv-B _vKzK bv †Kb ¯^Y©gy`ªvi g~j¨ KL‡bvB Kg‡e bv| Kv‡RB Avgvi ‡jLv c‡o fv‡jv jv¸K ev bv jv¸K, Avkv
Kwi me©Kv‡ji †miv weÁvbx †K G e¨vcv‡i Avcbv‡ì gZvgZ GL‡bv AcwiewZ©Z _vK‡e|
12
iv‡k` ‡PŠayix
AwbqwgZ fvebv
PÆMÖvg bvgK †h kniwU i‡q‡Q evsjv‡`‡ki `w¶Y c~‡e© Zv‡K a‡i †bIqv nq AmsL¨ msMÖv‡gi Drm¯’j
wn‡m‡e| e›`bMix PÆMÖvg wn‡m‡e mgMÖ †`‡k †hgb G AÂjwUi ¸i“Z¡ Abyfe Kiv hvq mn‡RB, †Zgwb msMÖvg
I wec−‡e| MZ K‡qK kZ‡K PÆMÖv‡g R‡b¥‡Qb AmsL¨ wec−ex m~h©mš—v‡biv hv‡ì AvZ¥Z¨vM I msMÖv‡gi BwZnvm
Avgv‡ì K‡i‡Q Mwe©Z GKBmv‡_ AbycÖvwYZ| PÆMÖv‡gB n‡q‡Q wewUªk we‡ivax mk¯¿ wec−e| AvZ¥vûwZ w`‡q‡Qb
m~h©‡mb, cÖxwZjZv| GLbI PÆMÖv‡g RxweZ i‡q‡Qb m~h‡© m‡bi mn‡hvMx wec−exiv, nqZ Abv`‡i, †jvKP¶zi Aš—
iv‡j| wKš‘ e‡q P‡j‡Qb †mB wec−ex ¯§„wZ, †mB †cÖiYv|
hLb †Kv_vI ïwb ev †`wL PÆMÖvg †_‡KB hvÎv ïi“ ¯^vaxb evsjv †eZvi †K‡›`ªi, ZLb †h †Kvb PÆMÖvgevmx
Me© Abyfe Ki‡ZB cv‡i| PÆMÖvg evmxi cÖwZ‡iv‡ai d‡jB cvwK¯—vb †bŠevwnbxi A¯¿evnx RvnvR aŸsm nq|
nqZ hvi gva¨‡g wÎk j¶ knx‡ì mv‡_ hy³ n‡Z cviZ AviI K‡qK j¶| Avgiv ZeyI fyj‡Z cvwibv
GKvË‡i mvwK©U nvDm bvgK †mB ¯’vbwUi K_v| †mLv‡b B‡jKwUªK †Pqv‡i wbh©vwZZ n‡q‡Qb AmsL¨ evOvjx
†bZv, eyw×Rxwe m‡e©vcwi gyw³‡hv×viv| GZ Av‡›`vjb, GZ ¯§„wZ Kx fv‡e Gov‡Z cv‡i PÆMÖvgevmxiv| A_P
†mB PÆMÖv‡gB ‡`ŠivZ¥¨ AvRI hy× Acivax‡ì, Zv‡ì QvÎ msMV‡bi| Avgiv hviv R‡b¥wQ gyw³hy‡×i cÖvq †ò
hyM c‡i, Zviv nqZ †`wLwb wKQzB| ZeyI Abyfe K‡i PÆMÖvgevmxi †mB wec−e, †mB †PZbv, KviY †mB wec−ex
†hv×vi i³ †Zv AvRI e‡q P‡j‡Q Avgv‡ì kix‡i| Avgv‡ì gv‡qiv ïay iƒcK_vi Mí †kvbvbwb GKB mv‡_
ïwb‡q‡Qb gyw³hy‡×i Mí, ïwb‡q‡Qb cvwK¯—vb evwnbxi ZvÛ‡ei K_v, ivRvKvi‡ì N„Y¨ K‡g©i K_v| ZvB Avgiv
AvRI i‡³i †fZ‡i Abyfe Kwi knx`‡ì cÖwZ kª×v I fv‡jvevmv, Avi hy‡× weZwK©Z f~wgKv cvjbKvix‡ì
cÖwZ N„Yv| ¯^fveZB ev‡iv AvDwjqvi †`k wn‡m‡e PÆMÖvgevmxi g‡b i‡q‡Q Zxeª ag©vbyfw~ Z| GB my‡hvM‡K Kv‡R
jvwM‡q GK`j gvbyl M‡o Zz‡j‡Q Zv‡ì gReyZ wfwË| wk¶v-cÖwZôvb ¸‡jv‡K K‡i‡Q i“×, wewea AÂ‡j
Qwo‡q‡Q msL¨vjNy‡ì Dci AZ¨vPvi|
A_P GgbwU nIqvi K_v wQj bv| gyw³‡hv×v‡ì A‡b‡K GLbI PÆMÖv‡g RxweZ GLb Zv‡ì gv‡S e‡q P‡j‡Q
msMÖvgx †PZbv, GLbI Zi“Y cÖR‡b¥i g‡a¨ e‡q P‡j Zxeª N„Yv †mB me my‡hvMmÜvbx weZwK©Z gvbyl¸‡jvi cÖwZ|
GLbI A‡bK MYKei, ea¨f~wg, ¯^v¶i enb K‡i P‡j‡Q bxi‡e †mB me w`‡bi ¯§„wZ| Avgiv nqZ meUzKz cÖvY
w`‡Z cvwiwb knx`‡ì cÖwZ kª×v Rvbv‡Z| ZeyI GLbI i‡q‡Q Avgv‡ì cÖwZ‡iv‡ai, gv_v DuPz K‡i knx`‡ì
ejv ÒAvgiv †Zvgv‡ì GLbI fywjwbÓ|
13
Asif Jahangir
Power generation in Bangladesh:Problems and remedies

At the time of partition of India in 1947, the total generating capacity of East Bengal
was a mere 21 megawatts (MW), all of it privately owned. A half-century later, in
2001, total installed capacity was an estimated 4555 MW – more than a 200-fold
increase. This is an impressive achievement. By international standards, however, per
capita consumption of electricity in Bangladesh remains extremely low. Only about
one in five Bangladeshis has access to power; among those in rural areas the ratio is
probably about one in seven.
(Power Plants The sole government authority for generation of electricity is the
POWER DEVELOPMENT BOARD (BPDB). Major agencies in distribution of electricity
include the BPDB itself and the RURAL ELECTRIFICATION BOARD (REB). There are a
few other specialized power distribution agencies such as the Dhaka Electric Supply
Authority (DESA) and Dhaka Electric Supply Company (DESCO) for Dhaka or the
Khulna Electric Supply Company (KESCO) for Khulna. The power division of the
Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources is the umbrella organization that controls
power generation, transmission and distribution. An Independent Power Project (IPP)
of the ministry is under implementation for improvement in generation and
distribution of electricity by government and private agencies.
At the time of independence, Bangladesh had only 7 power stations with 11 units
(Kaptai 2, Shahjibazar 1, Shiddhirganj 2, Khulna 1, Thakurgaon 2, Rajshahi 1, and
Bogra 2). At present, BPDB operates 22 power stations with a total installed capacity
of 3,150 mw. The new 15 stations include 2 barge-mounted plants (one at Khulna and
the other at Sikalbaha) and 13 conventional ones at Ashuganj, Sylhet, Fenchuganj,
Ghorasal, Haripur, Raozan, Baghabari, Bheramara, Saidpur, Barisal, Rangpur, Bhola,
and Chittagong.
Power stations widely vary in age, number of units, types, and installed and
generation capacity. The oldest among them is at Shiddhirganj (40 years) having 2
steam turbine units and using furnace oil. The installed capacity of the station is 60
mw but its actual generation is only about 16% of this capacity. The per unit fuel cost
at the station is Tk 2.76, which is about 4 times of that at stations using gas as fuel,
but nearly half of that at stations using high-speed diesel. All the 5 units of the station
at Kaptai are of hydro type and they operate at near full capacity of a total of 230 mw.
The first two units of Kaptai are now 37 years old and have capacity of 40 mw each,
while the latter three, each having 50 mw capacity, are of the age of 17, 12 and 11
years.
Most power plants of Bangladesh use natural gas as fuel and such plants account for
84% of the total capacity. The only coal-fired plant at Barapukuria planned to
14
generate 300 mw electricity is under construction. Smooth operation of power plants
is constrained by factors such as poor maintenance, fuel shortage and generation
losses, as well as revenue losses caused by weaknesses of the distribution network and
power theft. Power plants supply electricity to substations through a network of 230
kV, 132 kV, 66 kV and 33 kV lines and from there the power goes to industries,
business houses, offices, farms and households through lower-volt lines. The system
loss in transmission has been estimated at as high as 32%.
The government encourages industries to install their own small electricity generating
plants so that they can continue uninterrupted production during the load shedding.
Private power companies are also allowed to produce and supply power to the
national grid under agreed terms. Barge-mounted plants are the result of first such
initiatives by the private sector. The private sector power plants that have recently
started production include those at Baghabari (110 mw), Haripur (110 mw and 360
mw), Khulna (110 mw), Mymensingh (60 mw) and Meghnaghat (450 mw), all under
the IPP. The government has a plan to build a 600 mw nuclear power plant at
Rooppur, although many issues relating to cost, financing and safety are yet to be
resolved.)
The Bangladesh power sector faces several key problems:
• Load shedding and voltage variation: The state-owned Bangladesh Power

Development Board (BPDB), which controls nearly three-fourths of the total
generation capacity in Bangladesh, has resorted to load shedding as a means to
reconcile demand to the available capacity. Load shedding is a significant constraint
on growth of the economy.
• Operating Inefficiency: The power sector does not fare well in terms of
operating efficiency. For example, Bangladesh requires considerably more employees
per customer served than is the case in many countries.
• System loss: System loss occurs both for technical reasons and for reasons of
inefficiency and corruption in administration. Exact figures of loss are unknown but,
at approximately 30 per cent, the net country-wide system loss is probably among the
highest in the developing world. The losses incurred differ dramatically across the
various utilities.
• Unadjusted tariff structures and ineffective billing procedures: Many

countries have been unable to establish tariff structures and billing procedures that
enable the power sector to be financially self-supporting. The resulting losses require
subsidies from government or donor agencies that divert revenue away from other
important programmes, such as education and public health. This problem has
afflicted the Bangladesh power sector entities to varying degrees.
Why do power sector problems persist in Bangladesh? What can be done to solve
them? This report assesses the barriers to accelerated electrification ¬– in particular
the barriers to rural electrification – and puts forward practical recommendations.
15
In any discussion of rural electrification, the point of departure is 1977. In that year
came creation of the Rural Electrification Board (REB). It has responsibility for
distribution in rural Bangladesh, and provides to its customers a fourth of the
country’s electricity. The REB arose from a recommendation by the National Rural
Electric Cooperative Association (NRECA), an organisation of consumer-owned
cooperatives in the United States. These cooperatives played a role in electrifying
rural regions of the United States in early decades of the 20th century. Rural electric
cooperatives – Palli Biddyut Samitees (PBSs) – are also key to the electrification
strategy of the REB.
The PBSs operating under the supervision of the REB are a positive force within the
power sector in Bangladesh. Their customers trust them, and support their efforts to
supply electricity. Since the inception of the REB, 67 PBSs have been established
covering almost 90 per cent of the area of Bangladesh. Over 34,000 of a total of about
64,000 villages have been electrified and almost 4 million connections have been
made. The REB realises markedly lower system losses for distribution than either the
BPDB or the Dhaka Electric Supply Authority (DESA), which is responsible for
distribution in metropolitan Dhaka. The REB also exhibits superior performance in
terms of bill collection.
Despite these impressive accomplishments, a great deal remains to be done. If

Bangladesh is to prosper economically, an efficient power system with majority
access is a necessary component of the country’s infrastructure. To reach this
objective will require a rapid acceleration in the pace of rural electrification. Below
are some recommendations for achieving meaningful progress in rural electrification.
Recommendation One
The REB should place a high priority on major expansion of power generation
independent of the national transmission grid in off-grid areas.
One of the key factors slowing the rate of electrification in rural Bangladesh is the
low quality of the electrical service supplied by the BPDB. The extent of load
shedding and voltage irregularity complicates the task for PBSs in imposing tariff
structures adequate for cost-recovery: customers strongly resist paying higher tariffs
for an unreliable service. It also discourages applications for connections.
Starting with PBSs geographically close to the existing natural gas pipeline
distribution system, the REB might launch a strategy of investment in a large number
of small gas turbines. The electricity thereby generated would be locally distributed
independently of the national grid. In due course, as more plants are built, more
elaborate transmission facilities to more distant PBSs might be required.
In considering such a strategy, there is probably no single financial model to adopt.

The REB could invest in some additional turbines – thereby retaining ownership –
and operate them as pilot projects to discover and resolve implementation problems.
Alternatively, groups of PBSs may come together to finance pilot projects.
If this strategy is to have a major impact in increasing the proportion of rural

16
Bangladeshis with access to electricity, there is a need for significant private
investment by independent power producers (IPPs). Ideally, private firms will invest
in build-own-operate plants that in turn sell power to the REB at reasonable rates on
the basis of long-term contracts.
Power generation by the REB will indirectly aid the BPDB by lowering the demand
by REB customers on BPDB generating capacity. Another benefit from any major
expansion of the REB into power generation is that this will relieve pressure on the
Government of Bangladesh from oil and gas companies to undertake gas exports.
Such exports are not in the best long run economic interest of Bangladeshis and are
politically unpopular among the majority. Besides other considerations, institutional
reform of the power sector is a must to counter the arguments for export.
Recommendation Two
Establish a regulatory regime capable of assuring appropriate tariffs throughout the

REB/PBS network.
The critical point in expanding rural electrification hinges on the ability and
willingness of customers to pay.
Across the PBS system, the average tariff per kilowatt hour (kWh) falls short of the
cost of providing service. This situation persists despite subsidised electricity rates
from the BPDB. Electricity consumption in the higher industrial and commercial rate
categories is insufficient to balance out consumption in the lower domestic and
agricultural categories. The current state of affairs is not sustainable.
Widespread expansion of independent power generation, as described in

Recommendation One, will be difficult under the current tariff structure. Significant
private investment may not be forthcoming unless the REB can credibly assure
investors that they will be able to recover their costs over the lifetime of the projects.
If the PBSs substitute power generated by IPPs for power previously purchased from
the BPDB at preferential rates, average tariffs charged may need to be adjusted.
Raising tariffs will not be easy, but it is important that individual PBSs realise
financial self-sufficiency in the long-run.
Recommendation Three
Initiate a more sophisticated relationship between the REB and the PBSs: allow those
PBSs that are competent more autonomy and take under temporary trusteeship those
with particularly poor financial records.
Given current energy sector trends and advances in generation technology over the
past two decades that have allowed smaller generation plants to become economic, it
may well be that further decentralisation – in the sense of the REB yielding more
financial and managerial power to the mature PBSs – is now required and desirable.
17
Admittedly, some aspects of central control are necessary to the success of the
programme. The REB sets guidelines that act as a foundation for maintaining
standards and ensuring consistency in terms of the engineering, financial, human
resources, and commercial aspects of PBS management. Nor can the REB delegate its
responsibility for competent transparent auditing. Many PBSs do not currently have
the managerial strength to undertake complex negotiations – such as are required to
negotiate with IPPs.
The REB has been reluctant to give autonomy to PBSs for fear that they mismanage
it. Among some PBSs that fear may be valid; among others it is not. The financially
healthy PBSs with positive margins
are a valuable source of managerial competence in the Bangladesh power sector.

Their role could be expanded. They should be granted greater financial autonomy, and
encouraged to undertake more ambitious projects, such as contracting with IPPs,
redesigning their tariff structures so as to increase connections, and improving service
quality for customer-members.
Recommendation Four
Extend micro-credit to households for the financing of investments in electrical

access.
Although the costs of securing a residential connection are low, they may present a
substantial barrier for those living at a near-subsistence level. However, low income
does not mean an unwillingness to pay for electrical service, particularly if the service
is reliable. On the contrary, if they currently have no access to electricity, poor
families may stand to gain large benefits from incremental consumption, and would
therefore be prepared to pay according to the cost of service.
If the rural poor are willing and able to pay electricity tariffs, but are held back by an
inability to finance a connection, this represents a policy failure. Either the REB or an
existing micro-credit organisation (such as the Grameen Bank or BRAC) should
extend credit, with appropriate loan guarantees.
Recommendation Five
Consider various forms of distributed generation alongside grid extension when

electrifying a new area.
Given that the REB has followed a policy of connecting the most economically
attractive areas first, further expansion of service will be to increasingly remote areas
with weak loads. Decentralised alternatives such as diesel, biomass, solar and wind
may be cheaper than grid extension in these areas, and should be considered as part of
the planning process.
(Source –internet)
18
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20
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21
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22
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23
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24
Nadim Chowdhury
A Unique Experience of Pi.
Assume the polygon has n sides though in the figure it has 7 sides.
Lets consider a polygon having n sides each side is of the same length. The angle
produced by the n sides in the center would be 3600.
360 0
So, the angle produced by a single side would be
n
360 0
So In the diagram θ =
n
Now consider the triangle ∆ABC within
The polygon As , AB= BC
→<BAC = <BCA
Let <BAC= <BCA = α
As the summation of the angle within the triangle is equals to 1800.

Then, <BAC +<BCA +<ABC = 1800
360 0
→α+α+ = 1800
n
360 0
→ 2α = 1800 -
n
180 0
0
∴α = (90 - )
n
Now Applying the sine law of the triangle to the ∆ABC
AB AC
=
Sinα Sinθ
Let AB= r
r AC
∴ =
180 360
Sin(90 0 − ) Sin( )
r n
25
180
r sin(2 × )
Ac = n
180
Cos ( )
r
180 180
2r sin( ) Cos ( )
= n n
180
Cos ( )
r
180 180
2r sin( ) Cos ( )
AC= . n n
180
Cos ( )
r
180
AC= 2r Sin ( )
n
180
So the length of a single side = 2r sin ( )
n
180
∴ Length of r-sides = 2 rn Sin ( )
n
180
So the circumference of the r the polygon is 2rn Sin ( )
n
Now It is the ratio of the Circumference and the diameter.

Circumference
π=
Diameter
180
2nr Sin ( )
= n
2r
180
π = r Sin ( )
n
180
π = r Sin ( )
n
For longer value of r we will get more accurate Value of Pi.
26
180
When r =12 π = 12 Sin ( ) = 3.1058285
12
180
When r =123 π = 123 Sin ( ) = 3.1412510085
123
180
When r =1234 π = 1234 Sin ( ) = 3.14158926
1234
180
When r =105 π = 105 Sin ( ) = 3.141592653
10 5
180
When r =108 π = 108 Sin ( ) = 3.141592654
108
So the value of Pi gets more accurate as we put the larger value of n. The logic is
quite simple the larger value of r. The polygon tends to be a circle and for circle we
will get the accurate value of π
I have done this derivation when I was is class nine though the procedure was not
same in that time I used more geometry than trigonometry.
27
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28
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30
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31
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32
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33
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34
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With best complements

from
M/S ZAKIR HOSSAIN
96, PANCHLAISH R/A, CHITTAGONG, BANGLADESH.
36
Name: Md. Sanjib Das Name: Md. Mejbah ul Alam
Std. No.: 040607 Std. No.:0405058
Room no.: 101 Room no.: 410
Phone no.:0188009374 Phone no.: 0176725643
E-mail: sanjib_buet04@yahoo.com E-mail: urmicse@yahoo.com
Name: Md Tawfiq-ul-quader Name: Forhad Akhter

Std. No.: 0310040 Std. No.: 0410025
Room no:329 Room no.: 223
Phone no.:01716603599 Phone no.:0188118944
E-mail: tawfiq03@hotmail.com E-mail:
Name: Sheikh Mamun-ul Hoque. Name: Md. Shofiul Hasib Chy.

Std. No.:0305031 Std. No.: 0410040
Room no.:329 Room no.: 223
Phone no.: 0187714244 Phone no.:
E-mail: mamunbuet@yahoo.com E-mail: hasib_fcc04@yahoo.com
Name: Md. Nafeez Hashem Name: Md. Hafizur Rahman

Std. No.: 0310037 Std. No.: 0410101
Phone no.:0172872780 Phone no.:0191299943
E-mail: nafiz_s@yahoo.com E-mail:019299943@banglalink.net
Name: Shopan din Ahmad Hafiz Name: Md. Rais Uddin Russell
Std. No.: 0306019 Std. No.: 0404006
Phone no.:0189486438 Phone no.:
E-mail: shopan_019@yahoo.com E-mail:
Name: Sukarna Borua Name: Upal Mahbub Omee

Std. No.: 0305026 Std. No.: 0406048
Phone no.: 0172579676 Phone no.:0191779202
E-mail: smile_iff@yahoo.com E-mail: omeed@yahoo.com
Name: U Ne Thoing rosi Name: Md. Abdul Halim

Std. No.: 0305120 Std. No.: 0410090
Phone no.: 0189338152 Phone no.: 0178110800
E-mail: rosi-fcc@yahoo.com E-mailmybero_lewis@yahoo.com
Name: Rocky Chowdhury Name: Moinul Islam Mahadi

Std. No.:0304039 Std. No.: 0404132
E-mail: E-mail: goldencarbo@hotmail.com
Name: Md. Shahidul Islam Name: Sudip Chowdhury

Std. No.: 0404089 Std. No.: 0405063
Phone no.:0187097067 Phone no.: 0191131643
E-mail E-mail:sudipabc@gmail.com
37
Name: Rajib Roy Name: MD.Moinul Hossain
Std. No.: 0410005 Std. No.:0505069
Room no.: 148 Room no.:
Phone no.: Email: angeldontkill@gmail.com
E-mail Phone no.:
Name: Sourav Das Name: MD. Mohiuddin Mamun

Std. No.: 0404012 Std. No.:0510006
Phone no.:018946834 Emai. : teens_plz@yahoo.com
E-mail: Phone no.:
Name: Himesh Parash Hore Name: MD.Shoaib Bin Abdullah

Std. No.: 0410002 Std. No.:0510092
Room no.: 156 Room no:
Phone no.: 0188009375 Email: : polin_alin@yahoo.com
E-mail: Phone no.:
Name: Swagata Bhattacharjee Name: Auijit Sinha

Std. No.: 0406112 Std. No.:0511019
Phone no.: Email : sinha_bd@yahoo.com
E-mail Phone no.:
Name: Sujal Bhattacharjee Name: MD.Shah Afran

Std. No.: 0410048 Std. No.:0506084
Phone no.: Email : afran2902@yahoo.com
E-mail Phone no:
Name: Partha Pratim Acharjee Name: Hasib Md Ibne Rafique

Std. No.:0406068 Std. No.:0505025
Phone no.:0176972494 Email : hasib_cse05@yahoo.com
E-mail: partha_ctg04@yahoo.com Phone no.:
Name: Lincon Barua Name: Md. Foysal Huda

Std. No.:0404028 Std. No. 0501051
Room no.: 102 Room no: 119
Phone no.: Email: lasif_arc@yahoo.com
E-mail Phone no.:
Name: Sudip Bishwas Name: Md. Nahid Parvez

Std. No.:0405082 Std. No.:0510033
Room no.: 411 Room no: 338
Phone no.:01721847430 Email: nahidpervez@gmail.com
E-mail: tanim411@yahoo.com Phone no.:
Name: Md Imam Uddin Name: Md. Iftekhar hossain

Std. No:0506099 Std. No.:0506123
Email: imam_boss@gmail.com Email: iftemithun@yahoo.com
Phone no.: Phone no:
38
Name: Md. Rejaul Karim Name: Md. Arfan Udduin
Std. No.:0511002Room no: Std. No.: 0610036
Email: Room no.: 342
Phone no: Email:
Phone no.: 01717032287
Name: Md. Kaisar Habib
Std. No. : Name: Md. Asiful Haque.
Room no.: Std. No.:0611034
Email: Room no.:339
Phone no Email:: asif-mme@yahoo.com.
Phone no.:01198096171
Name: Chapal Barua.
Std. No.:0606042 Name: Shamidul Asif.
Room no.: 121 Std. No.:0606074
Email: Room no.:318
Eamil: chapel buet@yahoo.com. Email: shamidul Asif@yahoo.com.
Phone no.:01818581487 Phone no.:01727348995
Name: Ramkisna Mishan. Name: Animesh Roy Chowdhury.

Std. No.:0606146 Std. No.:0606070
Room no.:150 Room no.:403
Email:ramkisna@mishan.com. Email: animesh7025@yahoo.com.
Phone no.:01816630502 Phone no.:01720623972
Name: Chandan Chakma. Name: Fahim Alam

Std. No.:0606169 Std. No.:0604062
Email : chandu-buet@yahoo.com. Email:
Phone no.:01912077341 Phone no.:01718402535
Name: Mithun Raha. Name: Somen Buidya

Std. No.:0610107 Std. No.:0606125
Email : mithunraha@hotmail.com. Email:
Phone no.:01819079459 Phone no.:01672561862
Name: Nadim Chowdhury. Name: Avishek Biswas

Std. No.:0606005 Std. No.:0602041
Email: Email: avi-biswas2010@yahoo.com.
Phone no.:01712869628 Phone no.:01715754951
Name: Mostakim Hossain. Name: Mishu Biswas

Std. No.:0610126 Std. No.: 0612023
Email: amlan. me@ gmail.com Email:
Phone no.:01723578004 Phone no.:01672561857
Name: Saiful Haque. Name: Shuvra Sourav Das

Std. No.:0605008 Std. No.:0605075
Email :jisan-saiful@yahoo.com. Email:
Phone no.:01722322601 Phone no.:01815563255
39
Name: Md. Mostafizur Rahman Name: Ashutosh Datta
Std. No.:0610086 Std. No.:0705049
Room no.: Room no.: 347
Email: mostafiz buet-ac@yahoo.com. Email:
Phone no.:01913295369 Phone no.: 01712198202
Name: Monjorul Haque Md Arif Uddin Name: Aniruddha Chakraborty.

Std. No.:0604167 Std. No.:0706159
Email:arif-ce06-buet@yahoo.com. Email:
Phone no.:01813128891 Phone no.: 01814075569
Name: Md. Borhan Uddin. Name: Debasish Chowdhury.

Std. No.: Std. No.:0702040
Email:borhan-buet@yahoo.com. Email:
Phone no.:01726555006 Phone no.: 01816002018
Name: Arman Walid Name: Muhammad Zaaur Rahman.

Std. No.:0606142 Std. No.:0710028
Email: mayabi alloy@ yahoo.com. Email:
Phone no.:01722431372 Phone no.: 01919824550
Name: Montasir mamun mithu. Name: Muhammad Nazmul Hasan.

Std. No.:0608008 Std. No.:0705014
Email: Email:
Phone no.:01717117363 Phone no.: 01815666339
Name: Md. Safayat Islam. Name: Md. Hasan Amin.

Std. No.:0610039 Std. No.:0710104
Room no.: 240 Room no.:332
Email: safayat-bcc@yahoo.com Email: hasan4jabir@gmail.com
Phone no.:01712795526 Phone no.:01727099248
Name: Mehedi Hasan. Name: Niloy Talukder.

Std. No.:0601030 Std. No.:0706147
Email: intracktable7429@gmail.com. Email:
Phone no.:01717734823. Phone no.:01720106714
Name: Avipriyo Chakroborty. Name: Suvra Chakraborty.

Std. No.:0704078 Std. No.:0710077
Email: Email:
Phone no.: 01671418478 Phone no.:01670451044.
Name: Sabbir Hasan. Name: Ridwan Ahmed Khan.

Std. No.:0716010 Std. No.:0705086
Email: Email:
40
Name: R.M. Asif Ullah. Name: Faisal Hasan Bhuiyan.
Std. No.:0704023 Std. No.: 0710047
Email: Email:
Phone no.:01195127323 Phone no.: 01723350387
Name: Tonmoy Dhar. Name: Joy Mojumder.

Std. No.: 0706080 Std. No.:0710006
Email: Email:
Phone no.: 01553315181 Phone no.: 01726749493
Name: Tanmay Sarkar . Name: Fuad Bin Naser.

Std. No.: 0710015 Std. No.: 0605108
Email: Email: major_fuad@yahoo.com
Phone no.: 01731916250 Phone no.:0171900760
41
Name: Md. Jasim Udiin Name: MD.Tanvir Rahman Chy.
Std. No.: 0402002 Std. No.:0504040
Phone no.: Email :
E-mail: Phone no.:01717492931
Name: Md. Ridwanul Alam Name: Imranul Haque Joy

Std. No.: 0406095 Std. No.:0511020
Phone no.:011271251 Email :
Name: Md. Imran Chowdhury Name: Fuad Zabid Mahmood

Std. No.: 0405118 Std. No.: 0510037
Phone no.: 01817123248 Email : fuad_zabid@yahoo.com
E-mail: imran_buet@yahoo.com Phone no.:01727425391
Name: Kaji Md. Hasibur Rahman

Std. No.: 0410073 Name: Sudip Borua
Room no.: 315. Std. No.:0504085
Phone no.: 01818566583 Room no.:
E-mail: Email : sudip_buet@yahoo.com
Phone no.: 01717400543
Name: H.M. Sorowar Alam Khan
Std. No.: 0305053 Name: Saifur Rahman
Room no.: 209 Std. No.:0504117
Phone no.: 01819995144 Room no.:
E-mail: Email :
Phone no.:01815507122
Name: Tareq Ahmed Robin
Std. No.: 0310060 Name: Kamrul Islam Khan
Room no.: 427 Std. No.:0504158
Phone no.:0172678244 Room no.:
E-mail: Email :
Phone no.:01917663314
Name: Md. Khalid Hasan Choudhury Name: Bijoy Mohajon

Std. No.: 0301005 Std. No.:0506126
Phone no.: 01819933851 Email :pothohara@yahoo.com
Name: Munim bin Gani Name: Jashim Uddin.

Std. No.:0506059 Std. No.: 0610095
Room no : Room no.: 403
Email : munimbingani@yahoo.com Email : jashim. me buet @ yahoo. com
Phone no.:01554352013 Phone no.: 01814330700
Name: Farhadul Osmani Riktan Name: Md. Jamil Hossain.

Std. No.:0510003 Std. No.:0610065
Room no.: Room no.: 423
Email: Email : jamil 917@ yahoo. Com.
Phone no.:01672301634 Phone no.:01717660326.
42
Name: Masum Al Rahim. Name: Quazi Mohammad Zubair Hossani
Std. No.:0606094 Std. No.: 0706115
Email : yo.masum@yahoo.com. Email : 01670429492
Phone no.:01917884432. Phone no.: 04433308244
Name: Mohammad Mokammel Hossain. Name: Mohammad Zubairul Alam

Std. No.:0616012 Std. No. : 0701007
Email :moka-buet@yahoo.com Email :
Phone no.:01813084753 Phone no.: 01911174756
Name: Md. Minhajul Anwar. Name: MD. Zakir Hossain

Std. No.:0610004 Std. No.: 0708019
Email : minhaj06me@yahoo.com. Email :
Phone no.: Phone no.: 01553411565, 01813802163
Name: Md. Monjurul Hoque Talukder. Name: Istiaque Ahmmed

Std. No.:0604157 Std. No.: 0710109
Email : Email :
Phone no.:01719574737. Phone no.: 01717026806
Name: Abu Mohammed Farhan Name: Ahmed Shibli Saleheen

Std. No.: 0710114 Std. No.: 0712018
Email : Email :01818201453
Phone no.:01717957221 Phone no.: 031652788
Name: MD. Enamul Kabir Name: Abu Hasnat Mohammad Rubaiyat

Std. No.:0708013 Std. No.: 0706039
Room no.: 201 (A) Room no.: 206
Email : Email :
Phone no.: 01722197836 Phone no.: 01722321651
Name: Abir Chowdhury Name: MD. Shahadat Hossain

Std. No.: 0706021 Std. No.: 0701047
Email : Email :
Phone no.: 01554331602 Phone no.: 01921175848
43
Name: Rshed kaiser Name: Md. Sayed Iqbal
Std. No.: 0410102 Std. No.: 0302029
Phone no.: 0176733911 Phone no.: 01819475936
E-mail : rashed_mecha@yahoo.com Email:
Name: Md. Tarek Morad Name: Md. Rishad Anmed

Std. No.: 0401041 Std No :
Phone no.: 031650190, 0177101766 Phone no.: 01554340681
E-mail: tarki@yahoo.com E-mail:Rishadahmed@yahoo.com
Name: Ataur Rahman Name: Rahul Guha

Std. No.: 0405038 Std No :
Phone no.: 01819020203 Phone no.: 01722865068
E-mail: ata_tcc2004@yahoo.com E-mail:buet_rahul@yahoo.com
Name: Sarat Das Name: Moinul Morshed Parag Chowdhury

Std. No.: 0310094 Std No :
Phone no.: 011130979 Phone no.: 01815518243
E-mail: sarat_ds@yahoo.com E-mail: porag49@yahoo.com
Name: Abijit Dasgupta Name: Mohammed Shahjahan (Raju)

Std. No.: 0310124 Std No :
Phone no.: 01819332902 Phone no.:01816268858
E-mail E-mail: . shn_rau@yahoo.com
Name: Shuva Chowdhury Name: Amlan Talukder

Std. No.: 0301008 Std No :
Phone no.: 0172991488 Phone no.:01816236018
E-mail: shuvachowdhury@yahoo.com E-mail:amlanaccount@yahoo.com
Name: Md.Shadat Hossain Name: Zubayed Arefin

Std. No.: 0304038 Std No :
Phone no.: 031657182 Phone no.: 01728640227
Email: E-mail: zubayed_buet@yahoo.com
Name: Tapas Kanty Dey Name: S.R. Jamil

Std. No.: 0310069 Std No :
Room no.: Room no.:2002
Phone no.: 0181999497 Phone no.: 01917191776
E-mail: E-mail: jamil_2343@yahoo.com
Name: Sameeul Bashir Samee Name :MD. Iftekhar Kabir

Std. No.: 0310010 Std No .:0610097
Room no.: 4012 Room No :
Email: sameeul@gmail.co Phone No :
Phone no.: 01914125345 Email :
44
Name :Md. Forhadul IslamBhuiyan Name :H.M. Mesbah Maruf.
Std No :0602046 Std. No .:0706103
Room No :411 Room No. :309
Phone No :01714-488105 Phone No .:01817-712610
Email :forhad_buet@yahoo.com Email :
Name: : Prithbey Raj Dey Name:Mohammed Mazbah-ul Hoque

Std. No. :0608024 Std. No.:0702010
Room No. :401 Room No.:1012
Phone No .:01558-620438 Email::razonraj@yahoo.com
Email :aditya2006@hotmail.com Phone No.:01723-916106
Name: :Waseq ul Azad Name:Mohammod Afsar Sujon

Std. No .:0606081 Std. No.:0704026
Room No :407 Room No.:311
Phone No : Email:
Email ::waseq_081@yahoo.com Phone No.:01717-661046
Name: :Imrul Kayes Riyad NameMd. Nur Chowdhury.

Std. No. : 0606140 Std. No.:0704096
Phone No .:01717-028046 Email:
Email :i_walk_alone123@yahoo.com Phone No.:01729-817668
Name: :Jubaer Ahmed Name: Md. Masum Siraj Khan

Std. No. : Dept.: EEE
Hall : Suhrawardi Hall Std. No.: 0706136
Phone No :01552-373318 Email:
Email :jubaer_87@yahoo.com Phone No.:01195-035186
Name: :Joy Bhattacharjee Name:FAhim Tahmid

Std. No : Std. No.: 0705074
Phone No :01712-618562 Email:
Email : Phone No.: 01199-357834
Name: Imtiaz Hasnine Shaon Name:Abdullah Moinuddin

Std. No : 07041555 Std. No.: 0710110
Email :shaon-ce-buet@yahoo.com Phone No.:01717-148676
Name :Tousif Ahmed Name:Md. Tausif Salim

Std. No .: 0710054 Std. No.:0702016
Email :. Phone No.:01710-271530
Name :Moinul Hossain Rahat.
Std. No. :0706006
Room No. :307
Phone No. :01710-335866
Email :buet_rahat@yahoo.com
45
Name: Ridwan Siddique Name: Md. Touhidul Alam
Std. No.:0416025 Std. No.:0306118
Phone no.:0188703866,0177038108 Phone no.:01818712552
E-mail:ridwan_b4u@yahoo.com E-mail:
Name: Moshiur Rahman Name: Md. Didarul Alam

Std. No.:0405073 Std. No. : 0506069
Room no.:303 . Room no.: 1008
E-mail:murad0murad@yahoo.com Phone no.: 01719004997
Name: Md. Rabiul hasan Name: Shuvra Banik

Std. No.:0404152 Std. No. : 0510094
E-mail: Phone no.: 01715022676
Name: Ishan kamal Khan Name: Himel Barua

Std. No.:0410117 Std. No. : 0510044
E-mail:ishancd@yahoo.com Phone no.: 1816805676
Name: Md. Rurul kabir Name: Promod Roy Chowdhury

Std. No.: 0310109 Std. No. : 0510010
E-mail: Phone no.: 01819873759
Name: Nurul Asad Name: Md. Irfanul Mostafa

Std. No.:0305054 Std. No. : 0504178
Phone no.:615067,0188216864 Email :
E-mail:nu_asad@yahoo.com Phone no.: 01819607795
Name: S.M. Taukir Imam Name: Sheikh Md. Shahadat Kabir

Std. No.:0306106 Std. No. : 0510052
E-mail :taukir_imam@yahoo.com Phone no.:
Name: N. Md. Sanaul kabir (Isti) Name: Tonmoy Zahir

Std. No.:0310078 Std. No. : 0508026
Room no.: 112
Room no.:310. Email :
Phone no.:01716478203,031618541 Phone no.: 01717418880
E-mail:
Name: Md. Ishtiaque Aziz Zahed
Name: Parvez Mannan Std. No. : 0506113
Std. No.:0311002 Room no.: 1008
Room no.:4004. Email :
Phone no.: Phone no.: 01816910083
E-mail:
46
Name: Md. Azizul Hakim Name: Sk. Md. Golam Rabbi
Std. No. : Std. No. : 0604144
Email : Email :
Phone no.: 01716734904 Phone no.: 01727387900
Name: Syed Mahmud -Ul-Amin Name: Md. Robiul Hoque Chowdhury

Std. No. : 0604022 Std. No. : 0606138
Email : Email :
Phone no.: 01722322698 Phone no.: 01719377145
Name: Prinon Mahajon Name: Zahid Hossain

Std. No. : 0610044 Std. No. : 0605073
Email : preenon_06@yahoo.com Email :
Phone no.: 01715232200 Phone no.: 01812493264
Name: Kafil Udiin Ahmed Name: Md. Jayed Hossain

Std. No. : 0610118 Std. No. : 0610038
Email : Email :
Phone no.: 019120926478, 01719139768 Phone no.: 01717539688
Name: Khorshed Ali (Mishu) Name: Md. Raihanul Hoque

Std. No. : 0610096 Std. No. : 0616013
Email : Email :
Phone no.: 01191244999 Phone no.: 01816233972
Name: Md. Joynul Abedin Name: Abhik Barua

Std. No: 0610130 Std. No. : 0611011
Email : Email :
Phone no.: 01670457904 Phone no.: 01710203538
Name: Md. Rokib Hasan Name: Nayeem Asif

Std. No. : 0605036 Std. No. : 0601016
Email : Email :
Phone no.: 01196025153 Phone no.: 01722995295
Name: Abdullah Al Mamun Name: Md. Rafiqul Islam

Std. No. : 0606162 Std. No. : 0704003
Email : Email : n_extrovert@yahoo.com
Phone no.: 01722296003 Phone no.: 01711006705
Name: Titon barua Name: Md. Assaduzzaman Khan

Std. No. : 0610103 Std. No.:0710091
Email : Email:
Phone no.: 01558781728 Phone no.: 01814895542
47
Name: Md. Aashikur Rahman Azim Name: Munir
Std. No.: 0705078 Std. No. : 0706083
Email : aashik_azim@yahoo.com Email : munir_buet@yahoo.com
Phone no.: 01717032394 Phone no.: 01911109137
Name: Md. Masudur Rahman Name: Raisul

Std. No.:0712025 Std. No.:070107
Email : Sujon_buet@yahoo.com Email:
Phone no.: 01918791898 Phone no.: 01911433636
Name: Samapan Barua Name: Md. Rishad Un Nabi

Std. No.:0712028 Std. No.: 0704141
Email : Email :sunny_ronny142857@yahoo.com
Phone no.: 01814812661 Phone no.: 01717660268
Name: Md.Tahsin Khan: Name: Puson Dhar

Std. No.:0702009 Std. No.:0711024
Email : Email : puson_07_buet@yahoo.com
Phone no.: 01713334380 Phone no.: 01719292801
Name: Md. Fahim Faruque Chowdhury Name: Tanvir Rahman

Std. No.:07026152 Std. No.: 0710034
Email : fahim_eee170@yahoo.com Email : tanvir_me_07@yahoo.com
Phone no.:01191306464 Phone no.: 01914292483
48
Name: Tareq Md. Jannatur Rahim Name: Riad Akram
Std. No.: 0305080 Std. No.: 0405115
Phone no.:01881725890 Phone no.: 01891-530135
E-mail: tareqrahim@gmail.com E-mail:riadcse152004@yahoo.com
Name: Sanjoy Das Gupta Name: Mamun Murshed Khan

Std. No.: 0304166 Std. No.: 0512005
Room no.: 5006 Room No.: 4006
Email: . Email: mamunmksa@yahoo.com
Phone no.:812557 Phone No: 01914223912
Name: Ahmed Al Faisal Name: Prasun Kanti Dey

Std. No.:0304025 Std. No.: 0505028
Email:. Email: mukto-bouan@yahoo.com.
Phone no.:01881275909 Phone No: 01670481547
Name: Mohammed Abdul Hannan Name: Prajnaprasu Bhattacharyee

Std. No.: 0312010 Std. No.0510024
Phone no.:01751038997 Email:
E-mail:hannan_buet_name@yahoo.com Phone No: 01911053434
Name: Rokibul Hasan Name: Khan Md. Arafath Adnan

Std. No.: 0304057 Std. No.: 0502043
Email:. Email:
Phone no.:01721-636679 Phone No: 01914-091086
Name: Mahadi Naserullah Name: Bappa Chowdhury

Std. No.: 0305014 Std. No: 0510061
Phone no.:01721831112 Email:
E-mail: mahadi_bage@yahoo.com Phone No: 01816909024
Name: Md. Sadequl Islam Name: Md. Jubayer Hossain

Std. No.: 0302014 Std. No.: 0510077
Room no.: 504: Room No.: 1012
Phone no.: (031) 632630 Email:
E-mail Phone No: 01195-167954
Name: Yaseen Adnan Ahmed Name: Md. Tanvir Irfan

Std. No.: 0312004 Std. No.: 0505072
Phone no.:01761-442729 Email:
E-mail Phone No: 01914206549
Name: Syed Tarek Shahriar Name: Siam Umar Hussain

Std. No.: 0406014 Std. No.: 0506014
Phone no.: 01881-126188 Email:
E-mail: trksh2002@yahoo.com Phone No: 01912079462
49
Name: Abul Hasnat Md. Sumon Name: Akib ul hasan
Std. No.0510046 Std. No.:
Room No.: 510 Room no.: 3010
Email: Email :
Phone No: 01717463387 Phone no.: 01670394042
Name: Pranay Chakraborty Name: Md. Sayed Habib

Std. No.: 0510027 Std. No.: 0610040
Room No.: 502 Room no.:412
Email: Email :Sayed Hafiz_me@yahoo.com
Phone No: 01815-256233 Phone no.: 01710387765
Name: Priyom Morjumdar Name: Raju

Std. No.0502047 Std. No.: 0610069
Email: Email :
Phone No: 01818074889 Phone no.:
Name: Goutam Kumar Dey Name: MD. Asif Mahmood Chy.

Std. No.: 0505086 Std. No.:0606107
Email: . Email : Saikat107@gmail.com
Phone No: 01911-273426 Phone no.: 01813610776
Name: Rashedul Alam Chowdhury Name: MD Ashraful Absar

Std. No.: 0511036 Std. No.: 0610050
Email: audvut_adhar_ek@yahoo.com Email :absarfcc@gmail.com
Phone No: 01717090285 Phone no.: 01554321335
Name: Mir md. tamim Name: Kawser Ahmed

Std. No.:0604134 Std. No.: 0606056
Room no.:4011
Email : Room no.: 3011
Tamim_mirmd@yahoo.com Email :Kawser116@yahoo.com
Phone no.: 01911799154 Phone no.: 01717419157
Name: Susen das Name: Faizee

Std. No.:0604122 Std. No.: 0610105
Email :Susan_buet@yahoo.com Email :
Phone no.: 01814238216 Phone no.: 01714488188
-
Name: Md. Faisal Name: Tanvir
Std. No.:0604155 Std. No.:
Email :rckdur@yahoo.com Email :
Phone no.: 01917047581 Phone no.: 01725360617
Name: Awrongo jeb khan Name: S. M. Ekram Uddin

Std. No.: 0612021 Std. No.:0702041
Room no.: 4006 Room No.:2004
Email :awrange23@yahoo.com: Email:
Phone no.:01670456303 Phone No.:01830-099243
50
Name:Asaduzzaman. Name: Mohiuddin Ahmed Sohel.
Std. No.:0706062 Room No.:505
Room No.:5008 Email:
Email: Phone No.:01558-628482
Phone No.:01554-332163
Name: Md. Obidul Hossen
Name:Tamzid Ibn Minhaj. Std. No.: 0706077
Std. No.:0711001 Room No.:1007
Room Email:opu01723@yahoo.com
No.:5004Email:tamzid_frcs@yahoo.com. Phone No.:01723-716585
Phone No.:01710-355966
Name: Mohammed Riad Un Nabi.
Name: Md. Shihadul Kabir Std. No.: 0704167
Std. No.: 0702057 Room No.:2005
Room No.:1001 Email:
Email: Phone No.:01814-294448
Phone No.:01922-021641
Name:Hossain Md. Cyrus.
Name: MD. Itkan Hossain. Std. No.:0705060
Std. No.: 0704041 Room No.:310
Room No.:112 Email:cyruscsebuet@gmail.com
Email:itkan_hossain@yahoo.com Phone No.:01811-224777
Phone No.:01812-570333
Name:M. M. Imdad Ullah.
Std. No.: 0706173
Room No.:
Email:rimon_buet@yahoo.com
Phone No.:01911-785599

from
SAM SYNDICATE (PVT) LTD.

DHAKA OFFICE: 59, NAYA PALTAN, 2ND FLOOR, DHAKA.
PHONE: 029345450, MOBILE# 01711762072, 01711850486, 01711395591
51
Name: Ashrafuzzaman bulbul Name: Sheik Md.Saeed Tanveer
Std. No.:0306040 Std. No.:0502003
Phone no.: Phone no.: 01554340571
E-mail:noman_040@yahoo.com E-mail: Tanveer_003@yahoo.com
Name: Mr. Kamrul Islam Rizvi Name: Imrul Kayes

Std. No.: 0304120 Std. No.:0506070
Phone no.: 9015577,01716133918 Phone no.:
E-mail:its_rizvi@yahoo.com E-mail:
Name: Fahimul Hasani Name: Asif

Std. No.: 0404150 Std. No.:
E-mail: E-mail:
Name: Arup Chakraborty Name: Ashique Ahmed

Std. No.: 0404057 Std. No.:0504014
Phone no.: Phone no.:01717119099
E-mail: E-mail:
Name: Md. Muntasir Name: Syed Bahauddin Alam

Std. No.: 0415013 Std. No.:0506127
Phone no.:01718548246 Phone no.:01917618872
E-mail:mayeen_3016@yahoo.com E-mail:
Name: Shushanta Kumar Dey Name: Shakawat Hossain Tanim

Std. No.: 0404171 Std. No.:0515006
Phone no.: Phone no.:
E-mail: E-mail: Shtanim@gmail.com
Name: Debabrta Das Name: Ashraful Arefeen

Std. No.:0410070 Std. No.:0505104
Phone no.:8614640,Ex-7433-0178062593 Phone no.:01913241739
E-mail: E-mail: ashrafularefeen@yahoo.com
Name: Md.Farhadur Rahman Name: Md. Sazzadur rahman

Std. No.: 0405043 Std. No.:0510105
E-mail: E-mail: Styne-sim@yahoomail.com
Name: Asif MD.Mostofa Tanbin Name: Saimun Hossain

Std. No.:0501048 Std. No.:0504175
Phone no.:01722484649 Phone no.:01719005474
E-mail: E-mail:
52
Name: Mahfuz Ali Shuvra Name: Kollol
Std. No.:0506101 Std. No.:0604126
E-mail ::mshuvro@yahoo.com E-mail:
Name: Margub Name: S.M.Rakib Al Hasan

Std. No.:0611009 Std. No.:0704181
E-mail: Margub10@yahoo.com Phone no.:01814270588
Phone no.:01726423483 E-mail:
Name: Jimmy Name: Niaz Bahar Chy.

Std. No.:0610099 Std. No.:0702028
E-mail: Bdlucifer23@yahoo.com Phone no.:01715241627
Phone no.:01717027645 E-mail: Buet_nbc_che@yahoo.com
Name: Asif Name: Md. Salim Qurashi

Std. No.: Std. No.:0710107
Phone no.:01727239425 Phone no.:01553316966
E-mail: E-mail: salimqurashi@yahoo.com
Name: Shaker Name: Mamun Rabbani

Std. No.:0610043 Std. No.:0706104
Phone no.:01554309145 Phone no.:01914894262
E-mail: Shaker043@yahoo.com E-mail:
Name: Photon Name: Md.Ali Azam

Std. No.:0610027 Std. No.:0706048
Phone no.:01830017478 Phone no.:016711265300
E-mail: E-mail:
Name: Munna Name: S.M.Robinur Moshsin Chy

Std. No.: Std. No.:0704043
Phone no.:01717538725 Phone no.:01818194494
E-mail: E-mail: lonelyrobin07@yahoo.com
Name: Shahed Name: Tawsif Ahmed SiddIque

Std. No.:0602031 Std. No.:0711028
Room no.:2002: Room no.:1000
Phone no:01670770206 Phone no.:01191270587
E-mail :Happy-manush@yahoo.com E-mail: lonelyrobin07@yahoo.com
53
Name: Umma Hani Name: Rowshan Ara rima
Std. No.: 0305038 Std. No. :0410081
Room no. : 230 Room no.:203
E-mail E-mail:
Name: Tamanna Name: Farzana Khatun

Std. No.: 0302002 Std. No. : 0415014
Room no.:204 Room no. : 313
E-mail: E-mail:
Name: Samsaunnhar Sahkila Name: Rahnuma Shahrin

Std. No.: 0306025 Std. No.: 0404023
Room no. :230 Room no. :209
E-mail: E-mail:
Name: Rifat Hasan Name: Rubaiyet Abedin

Std. No.:0302030 Std. No.: 0402023
Room no.: Room no. :209
E-mail: E-mail:
Name: Nabila Sumaia Hossain Name: Syeda Tanzima Sultana

Std. No.: 0304048 Std. No. : 0404088
Room no.: Room no. :213
E-mail: E-mail:
Name: Farzana Yasmin Name: Lutmilla Ahmed

Std. No.: 0304052 Std. No.: 0410087
Room no. : 312 Room no. :206
Email: Phone no.:
Phone no.: E-mail:
E-mail:
Name : Saima Musharrat
Name: Nazifa Zabeed Std No. : 0501008
Std. No.:0401003 Room No : 218
Room no. :236 Phone no : 01717687436
Phone no.: E-mail :
E-mail:
Name : Fahmida Shamsuddin
Name: Archi Biswas Std. No. : 0501025
Std. No.:0415011 Room No : 335
Room no. :205 Email:
Phone no.: Phone no : 01819624520
E-mail:
Name : Sifat Afroj
Name: Boishkhi Brua Student No. : 0706157
Std. No. : 0408029 Room No : 227
Room no. : 2030 Email:
Phone no.: Phone no :
E-mail:
54
Name : Umma Salma Rashid Name : Salwa zaman
Std. No. : 0504081 Std. No. : 0604087
Room No : 231 Room No :
Email: Email:
Phone no : 01714652172 Phone no :
Name : Tanjila Binte Minhaz Name : Tasmia Ahmed

Std. No. : 0512027 Std. No. : 0604085
Room No : 305 Room No :
Email: Email:
Phone no : 01671469579 Phone no : N/A
Name : Priyanka Name : Saima Sultana

Std. No. : 0504146 Std. No. : 0605005
Room No : 310 Room No : 205
Email: Email:
Name : Priyan Biswas Name : Nadia Jannath NIshu

Std. No. : 0505023 Std. No. : 0604014
Email: Email:
Phone no : Phone no :
Name : Sifat Sharmin Muin Name : Kaniz Fatema

Std. No. : 0504106 Std. No. : 0612006
Room No : Room No : 330
Email: Email:
Name : Adrita Wadaded Name : Tazrin Zahan

Std. No. : 0504142 Std. No. : 0605090
Email: Email:
Name : Fauria Sabrin Name : Shegufta Newaz

Std. No. : 0510028 Std. No. : 0601021
Email: Email:
Name : Sayma Jahan Name : Tusha Devjani Barman

Std. No. : 0501026 Std. No. : 0616009
Email: Email:
Name : Fatema – Tuj - Jahara Name : Saolin Zaman

Std No. : 0604113 Std. No. : 0605018
Email: Email:
55
Name : Sadiyah Sabah Chy Name : Karishma Niloy
Student No. : 0710003 Std. No. : 0704037
Email: Phone no :
Phone no : Email:
Name : Nusrat Jannat

Std. No. : 0701015
Room No : 116 Name : Nuzhath Fatema
Email: Std. No. : 0704037
Phone no : Room No : 108
Email:
Name : Rejuana Islam Shama Phone no :
Std. No. : 0701009
Room No : 116 Name : Tania Alam
Email: Std. No. : 0701039
Email:
Name : Priyanka Banik Phone no :
Std. No. : 0705040
Room No : 227 Name : Urmi Devi.
Email: Student No. : 0704170
Email:
Phone no :
56
Compliments From
ABC STEEL & ENGINEERING WORKS
On The Occasion Of
Freshers’ Reciption And Re-union `08
Of
CHITTAGONG STUDENTS UNION,
BUET
Proprietor: MD. HUMAYUN KABIR

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nvmcvZv‡ji myweav mg~n we‡klÁ Wv³v‡ii ‡P¤^vi

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• beRvZK • ü`‡ivM
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from
M/s. Ayub & Company
AN ENTERPRISE OF THE MODERN BUILDERS, ENGINEERS, CONTRACTOR & GENERAL ORDER
SUPPLIERS.
CARRYING CONTRACTOR ALL OVER BANGLADESH RIVER & HIGHWAY & COMMISION
AGENTS.

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Power generation in Bangladesh:Problems and remedies

The Bangladesh power sector faces several key problems:

• Load shedding and voltage variation: The state-owned Bangladesh Power

• Unadjusted tariff structures and ineffective billing procedures: Many

Despite these impressive accomplishments, a great deal remains to be done. If

In considering such a strategy, there is probably no single financial model to adopt.

If this strategy is to have a major impact in increasing the proportion of rural

Establish a regulatory regime capable of assuring appropriate tariffs throughout the

Widespread expansion of independent power generation, as described in

standards and ensuring consistency in terms of the engineering, financial, human

are a valuable source of managerial competence in the Bangladesh power sector.

Extend micro-credit to households for the financing of investments in electrical

Consider various forms of distributed generation alongside grid extension when

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A Unique Experience of Pi.

As the summation of the angle within the triangle is equals to 1800.

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With best complements

Name: Md Tawfiq-ul-quader Name: Forhad Akhter

Name: Sheikh Mamun-ul Hoque. Name: Md. Shofiul Hasib Chy.

Name: Md. Nafeez Hashem Name: Md. Hafizur Rahman

Name: Sukarna Borua Name: Upal Mahbub Omee

Name: U Ne Thoing rosi Name: Md. Abdul Halim

Name: Rocky Chowdhury Name: Moinul Islam Mahadi

Name: Md. Shahidul Islam Name: Sudip Chowdhury

Name: Sourav Das Name: MD. Mohiuddin Mamun

Name: Himesh Parash Hore Name: MD.Shoaib Bin Abdullah

Name: Swagata Bhattacharjee Name: Auijit Sinha

Name: Sujal Bhattacharjee Name: MD.Shah Afran

Name: Partha Pratim Acharjee Name: Hasib Md Ibne Rafique

Name: Lincon Barua Name: Md. Foysal Huda

Name: Sudip Bishwas Name: Md. Nahid Parvez

Name: Md Imam Uddin Name: Md. Iftekhar hossain

Name: Ramkisna Mishan. Name: Animesh Roy Chowdhury.

Name: Chandan Chakma. Name: Fahim Alam

Name: Mithun Raha. Name: Somen Buidya

Name: Nadim Chowdhury. Name: Avishek Biswas

Name: Mostakim Hossain. Name: Mishu Biswas

Name: Saiful Haque. Name: Shuvra Sourav Das

Name: Monjorul Haque Md Arif Uddin Name: Aniruddha Chakraborty.