8m

8m
8m
0.63m
16m 16m
SOURCE OF HAZARD
SUMP OR TRENCH
GROUND
32m
FREELY VENTILATED PROCESS AREA
ZONE II ZONE I
INTRODUCTION
Modern society has to live with potential
dangers

Necessity to recognize the risks of technical
world and get it in its grasp

Need to take suitable preventive measures as
each electrical equipment represents a potential
ignition source
TERMINOLOGY

HAZARDOUS ATMOSPHERE

FLAMMABLE MATERIAL

FLASH POINT

IGNITION TEMPERATURE

SOURCE OF RELEASE

AREA CLASSIFICATION
AND
ITS OBJECTIVES
JUDICIOUSLY DIVIDING PLOT PLAN AREA
INTO SUB - AREAS

TO PROVIDE GUIDELINES FOR THE CHOICE
OF APPARATUS

MINIMISE THE RISK INVOLVED AND MAKE
THE PLANT SAFE
CONDITIONS FOR AN EXPLOSION
TO OCCUR
PRESENCE OF A FLAMMABLE GAS IN
SUFFICIENT QUANTITY

MIXING OF FLAMMABLE GAS/VAPOUR WITH
AIR OR OXYGEN IN PROPORTIONS WHICH
ARE WITHIN EXPLOSIVE LIMITS

PRESENCE OF IGNITION SOURCE OR SOURCE
OF INCENDIARY ENERGY


TYPE OF HAZARDS
CLASS I : PRESENCE OF FLAMMABLE GAS OR
VAPOUR IN QUANTITY SUFFICIENT
TO FORM EXPLOSIVE MIXTURE

CLASS II : PRESENCE OF COMBUSTIBLE DUST
POSES A FIRE OR EXPLOSION HAZARD

CLASS III :PRESENCE OF EASILY IGNITABLE
FIBRES

INCENDIARY ENERGY

MAXIMUM SURFACE TEMPERATURE

TEMPERATURE CLASS

LOWER EXPLOSIVE LIMIT

UPPER EXPLOSIVE LIMIT
CLASSIFICATION OF PRODUCTS
(1) FLAMMABLE GASES
GROUP I GASES
GROUP II GASES
Gases found in coal mine
industry
(a) Group IIA (Propane)
(b) Group IIB (Ethylene)
(c) Group IIC (Hydrogen)
(2) FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS
Class A: Flash point
below 23
0
c

Class B: Flash point
between 23
0
c
and 65
0
c
Class C: Flash point
between 65
0
c
and 93
0
c

(3) LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS (LPG)
16m 16m
3m
3m
0.63m
SOURCE OF
HAZARD
GROUND
SUMP OR
TRENCH
32m 32m
PROCESS AREA WITH RESTRICTED VENTILATION
ZONE II ZONE I
8m
FLOATING
DYKE
ROOF
3m
1.6m
SUMP OR
TRENCH
FIXED
ROOF
TANK WITH FLOATING ROOF
3m
TANK
ZONE II ZONE I
CLASSIFICATION OF
HAZARDOUS AREA
AREAS HAS BEEN DIVIDED INTO THREE ZONES :
ZONE 0 : An area in which a flammable atmosphere is
present continuously

ZONE 1 : An area in which flammable atmosphere is
likely to be present during normal operating
conditions

ZONE2 : An area in which flammable atmosphere is not
likely to be present during normal operation
PROPERTIES OF
FLAMMABLE MATERIALS :
(a) RELATIVE DENSITY

(b) FLAMMABLE LIMITS

(c) FLASH POINT

(d) VOLATILITY

(e) IGNITION TEMPERATURE

(f) IGNITION ENERGY
FACTORS AFFECTING
THE EXTENT OF HAZARD
TEMPERATURE OF THE PROCESS LIQUID

VAPOUR PRESSURE OF THE FLAMMABLE
LIQUIDS

RATE OF RELEASE

QUALITY OF VENTILATON

DILUTION AND RELEASE VELOCITY OF
FLAMMABLE VAPOURS
AREA CLASSIFICATION
AND
SELECTION OF ELECTRICAL
EQUIPMENT FOR
HAZARDOUS AREAS
A PRESENTATION BY :
SUNIL KUMAR
R. SUKANYA
PRAJNA OJHA
ADEQUATELY VENTILATED

RESTRICTED RELEASE

UNRESTRICTED RELEASE

INERT GAS
TYPICAL ZONE 1 AREAS
IN A PLANT
INTERIOR OF THE PRESSURE VESSELS ANP PIPES

LPG CYLINDER FILLING AND CYLINDER
EVACUATION SYSTEM

VAPOUR SPACE ABOVE THE CLOSED PROCESS
VESSEL

INTERIOR OF THE SAMPLE RETENTION ROOM
EXAMPLES OF ZONE 2 AREAS
IMMEDIATE VICINITY OF MECHANICAL GLANDS

SEALS RELYING ON WETTING BY THE FLUID BEING
PUMPED

EXHAUST AND LIQUID OUTLETS DESIGNED TO
DISCHARGE ONLY ON PLANT MALFUNCTION