Workbook: Variable-Length Subnet Mask

1010100
10001111100
1011100101011100
101100011101001
1011110100011010
00001010010110010
1001010101100111
1111010101000101
1101001101010011
001010010101010
1010101000110010
010101001011000
110101100011010
11010100001011
001010100110
1001010010
01.0
1
7
2
.
1
6
.
1
.
0
192.168.10.0
0
1
0
10.250.1.0
172.31.15.0
192.168.10.96
192.168.10.126
Version 1.0
VLSM
Workbook
Variable-Length Subnet Mask
Version 1.0
IP Address Classes
Class A 1 127 (Network 127 is reserved for loopback and internal testing)
Leading bit pattern 0 00000000.00000000.00000000.00000000
Class B 128 191 Leading bit pattern 10 10000000.00000000.00000000.00000000
Class C 192 223 Leading bit pattern 110 11000000.00000000.00000000.00000000
Class D 224 239 (Reserved for multicast)
Class E 240 255 (Reserved for experimental, used for research)
Private Address Space
Class A 10.0.0.0 to 10.255.255.255
Class B 172.16.0.0 to 172.31.255.255
Class C 192.168.0.0 to 192.168.255.255
Default Subnet Masks
Class A 255.0.0.0
Class B 255.255.0.0
Class C 255.255.255.0
Network . Host . Host . Host
Network . Network . Host . Host
Network . Network . Network . Host
Inside Cover
This workbook assumes you already have a background in subnetting. If you dont you may
want to consider completing the IP Addressing and Subnetting Workbook.
Produced by: Robb J ones
jonesr@careertech.net
Frederick County Career & Technology Center
Cisco Networking Academy
Frederick County Public Schools
Frederick, Maryland, USA
Special Thanks to Melvin Baker and J im Dorsch
for taking the time to check this workbook for errors.
0
255
/24
255.255.255.0
256 Hosts
1 Subnet
What is VLSM
Variable Length Subnet Masks allow you a much tighter control over
your addressing scheme. If you use a class C address with a default subnet
mask you end up with one subnet containing 256 addresses. By using VLSM
you can adjust the number of subnets and number of addresses depending
on the specific needs of your network. The same rules apply to a class A or
B addresses.
VLSM is supported by Cisco, OSPF, Dual IS-IS, BGP-4, and EIGRP.
You need to configure your router for Variable Length Subnet Masking by
setting up one of these protocols. Then configure the subnet masks of the
various interfaces in the IP address interface sub-command. To use
supernet you must also configure IP classless routes.
The Box Method
The box method is the simplest way to visualize the breakdown of a
range of addresses into smaller different sized subnets.
1
Start with a square. The whole square
is a single subnet comprised of 256
addresses.
0
255 127
128
0
255 127
128
63
64 192
191
0
255 127
128
63
64 192
191
32
31
95
96
159
223
224
160
/25
255.255.255.128
128 Hosts
2 Subnets
/26
255.255.255.192
64 Hosts
4 Subnets
/27
255.255.255.224
32 Hosts
8 Subnets
2
Split the box in half and you get two
subnets with 128 addresses,
Divide the box into quarters and you
get four subnets with 64 addresses,
Split each individual square and you
get eight subnets with 32 addresses,
3
0
255 127
128
63
64 192
191
32
31
95
96
159
223
224
160
15
16 48
47
79 111
80 112
0 128 32 160
15 47
143 175
176 144
240 208
239 207
39 175 167 135 143 7
11 43 35 171 163 131 139 3
27 59 51 187 179 147 155 19
31 63 55 191 183 151 159 23
75 107 99 235 227 195 203 67
79 111 103 239 321 199 207 71
91 123 115 251 243 211 219 83
95 127 119 255 247 215 223 87
40 8 136 168
4 132 36 164 44 12 140 172
16 144 48 176 56 24 152 184
20 148 52 180 60 28 156 188
64 192 96 224 104 72 200 232
68 196 100 228 108 76 204 236
80 208 112 240 120 88 216 248
84 212 116 244 124 92 220 252
0 128 32 160
15 47 39 175 167 135 143 7
31 63 55 191 183 151 159 23
79 111 103 239 321 199 207 71
95 127 119 255 247 215 223 87
40 8 136 168
16 144 48 176 56 24 152 184
64 192 96 224 104 72 200 232
80 208 112 240 120 88 216 248
/30
255.255.255.252
4 Hosts
64 Subnets
/29
255.255.255.248
8 Hosts
32 Subnets
/28
255.255.255.240
16 Hosts
16 Subnets
Split the boxes in half again and you
get sixteen subnets with sixteen
addresses,
The next split gives you thirty two
subnets with eight addresses,
The last split gives sixty four subnets
with four addresses each,
You can use these squares in any
combination to fit your addressing
needs.
Color in the squares used with different
shades to highlight each subnet.
VLSM Addressing
(Sample)
Problem 1
Using the network diagram and information given create an addressing
scheme which utilizes variable-length subnet masks. Show the subnet
address and subnet mask in the boxes below, color or shade the sub-subnets
used in the box. This business will be using the class C address 220.10.10.0.
Remember to start with your largest groups first.
Marketing
Department
60 Hosts
LAN Address:
220.10.10.0/26
Research
Department
28 Hosts
LAN Address:
220.10.10.64/27
0
255 127
128
63
64
95
96
4
VLSM Addressing
(Sample)
Problem 2
used in the box. This company will be using the class C address 192.168.16.0.
Washington D.C.
120 Hosts
Frederick
20 Hosts
Baltimore
60 Hosts
0
255 127
128
192
191
223
LAN Address:
192.168.16.0/25
LAN Address:
192.168.16.192/27
LAN Address:
192.168.16.128/26
WAN Address #1:
192.168.16.224/30
WAN Address #2:
192.168.16.228/30
227
239 321
224 232
228
240
shades to highlight each sub-subnet.
5
6
VLSM Addressing
Problem 3
Dallas.
60 Hosts
Ft. Worth
25 Hosts
LAN Address:
LAN Address:
WAN Address #1:
0
255 127
128
63
64
95
99
111 103
96 104
100
112
VLSM Addressing
Problem 4
Corpus Christi
25 Hosts
Waco
50 Hosts
Houston
120 Hosts
LAN Address:
LAN Address: LAN Address:
WAN Address #1:
WAN Address #2:
7
0 128 32 160
15 47 39 175 167 135 143 7
11 43 35 171 163 131 139 3
27 59 51 187 179 147 155 19
31 63 55 191 183 151 159 23
75 107 99 235 227 195 203 67
79 111 103 239 321 199 207 71
91 123 115 251 243 211 219 83
95 127 119 255 247 215 223 87
40 8 136 168
4 132 36 164 44 12 140 172
16 144 48 176 56 24 152 184
20 148 52 180 60 28 156 188
64 192 96 224 104 72 200 232
68 196 100 228 108 76 204 236
80 208 112 240 120 88 216 248
84 212 116 244 124 92 220 252
8
VLSM Addressing
Problem 5
address and subnet mask in the boxes below, color or shade the sub-
subnets used in the box. This company will be using the class C address
192.168.10.0. Remember to start with your largest groups first.
New York
115 Hosts
Fargo
23 Hosts
LAN Address:
LAN Address:
WAN Address #2:
San J ose
12 Hosts
48 Hosts
LAN Address:
LAN Address:
WAN Address #1:
0 128 32 160
15 47 39 175 167 135 143 7
11 43 35 171 163 131 139 3
27 59 51 187 179 147 155 19
31 63 55 191 183 151 159 23
75 107 99 235 227 195 203 67
79 111 103 239 321 199 207 71
91 123 115 251 243 211 219 83
95 127 119 255 247 215 223 87
40 8 136 168
4 132 36 164 44 12 140 172
16 144 48 176 56 24 152 184
20 148 52 180 60 28 156 188
64 192 96 224 104 72 200 232
68 196 100 228 108 76 204 236
80 208 112 240 120 88 216 248
84 212 116 244 124 92 220 252
VLSM Addressing
Problem 6
address and subnet mask in the boxes below, color or shade the sub-
subnets used in the box. This company will be using the class C address
222.10.150.0. Remember to start with your largest groups first.
Boston
LAN Address:
WAN Address #1:
Draw the necessary lines and color in the used squares
with different shades to highlight each sub-subnet.
9
London
WAN Address #2:
6 Hosts
12 Hosts
LAN Address:
24 Hosts
37 Hosts
LAN Address:
LAN Address:
0
255 127
128
63
64 192
191
32
31
95
96
159
223
224
160
10
VLSM Addressing
Problem 7
Boston
LAN Address:
6 Hosts
12 Hosts
LAN Address:
LAN Address:
14 Hosts
LAN Address:
25 Hosts
0
255 127
128
63
64 192
191
VLSM Addressing
Problem 8
LAN Address:
11
London
WAN Address #1:
18 Hosts
LAN Address:
95 Hosts
12w Hosts
LAN Address:
LAN Address:
0
255
34 Hosts
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24
Class A Addressing Guide
# of Bits
Borrowed
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
Subnet
Mask
255.192.0.0
255.224.0.0
255.240.0.0
255.248.0.0
255.252.0.0
255.254.0.0
255.255.0.0
255.255.128.0
255.255.192.0
255.255.224.0
255.255.240.0
255.255.248.0
255.255.252.0
255.255.254.0
255.255.255.0
255.255.255.128
255.255.255.192
255.255.255.224
255.255.255.240
255.255.255.248
255.255.255.252
Total # of
Subnets
4
8
16
32
64
128
256
512
1,024
2,048
4,096
8,192
16,384
32,768
65,536
131,072
262,144
524,288
1,048,576
2,097,152
4,194,304
Usable # of
Subnets
2
6
14
30
62
126
254
510
1,022
2,046
4,094
8,190
16,382
32,766
65,534
131,070
262,142
524,286
1,048,574
2,097,150
4,194,302
Total # of
Hosts
4,194,304
2,097,152
1,048,576
524,288
262,144
131,072
65,536
32,768
16,384
8,192
4,096
2,048
1,024
512
256
128
64
32
16
8
4
Usable # of
Hosts
4,194,302
2,097,150
1,048,574
524,286
262,142
131,070
65,534
32,766
16,382
8,190
4,094
2,046
1,022
510
254
126
62
30
14
6
2
Class B Addressing Guide
# of Bits
Borrowed
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
Subnet
Mask
255.255.192.0
255.255.224.0
255.255.240.0
255.255.248.0
255.255.252.0
255.255.254.0
255.255.255.0
255.255.255.128
255.255.255.192
255.255.255.224
255.255.255.240
255.255.255.248
255.255.255.252
Total # of
Subnets
4
8
16
32
64
128
256
512
1,024
2,048
4,096
8,192
16,384
Usable # of
Subnets
2
6
14
30
62
126
254
510
1,022
2,046
4,094
8,190
16,382
Total # of
Hosts
16,384
8,192
4,096
2,048
1,024
512
256
128
64
32
16
8
4
Usable # of
Hosts
16,382
8,190
4,094
2,046
1,022
510
254
126
62
30
14
6
2
Class C Addressing Guide
# of Bits
Borrowed
2
3
4
5
6
Subnet
Mask
255.255.255.192
255.255.255.224
255.255.255.240
255.255.255.248
255.255.255.252
Total # of
Subnets
4
8
16
32
64
Usable # of
Subnets
2
6
14
30
62
Total # of
Hosts
64
32
16
8
4
Usable # of
Hosts
62
30
14
6
2
0-127
128-255
0-31
32-63
64-95
96-127
128-159
160-191
192-223
224-255
Inside Cover
VLSM Chart 24-30 Bits
0-3
4-7
8-11
12-15
16-19
20-23
24-27
28-31
32-35
36-39
40-43
44-47
48-51
52-55
56-59
60-63
64-67
68-71
72-75
76-79
80-83
84-87
88-91
92-95
96-99
100-103
104-107
108-111
112-115
116-119
120-123
124-127
128-131
132-135
136-139
140-143
144-147
148-151
152-155
156-159
160-163
164-167
168-171
172-175
176-179
180-183
184-187
188-191
192-195
196-199
200-203
204-207
208-211
212-215
216-219
220-223
224-227
228-231
232-235
236-239
240-243
244-247
248-251
252-255
/30
255.255.255.252
4 Hosts
/29
255.255.255.248
8 Hosts
/28
255.255.255.240
16 Hosts
/27
255.255.255.224
32 Hosts
/26
255.255.255.192
64 Hosts
/25
255.255.255.128
128 Hosts
/24
255.255.255.0
256 Hosts
0-7
8-15
16-23
24-31
32-39
40-47
48-55
56-63
64-71
72-79
80-87
88-95
96-103
104-111
112-119
120-127
128-135
136-143
144-151
152-159
16-167
168-175
176-183
184-191
192-199
200-207
208-215
216-223
224-231
232-239
240-247
248-255
0-15
16-31
32-47
48-63
64-79
80-95
96-111
112-127
128-143
144-159
160-175
176-191
192-207
208-223
224-239
240-255
0-63
64-127
128-191
192-255
0-127

Workbook: Variable-Length Subnet Mask

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