REVIEWER IN CONFLICT OF LAWS

Cheryl M. Navarro
2007-0026
Arellano Unver!"y S#hool o$ La%
DEFINITION OF TERMS
Con&#" o$ La%!
- or 'rva"e In"erna"onal La%
- "ha" (ar" o$ "he )*n#(al la% o$ a !"a"e %h#h +re#"! "!
#o*r"! an+ a+)n!"ra"ve a,en#e!- %hen #on$ron"e+ %"h
a le,al (ro.le) nvolvn, a $ore,n ele)en"- %he"her or
no" "hey !ho*l+ a((ly $ore,n la% or $ore,n la%!.
'*.l# In"erna"onal La%
- "he .o+y o$ le,al r*le! %h#h a((ly .e"%een !overe,n
!"a"e! an+ !*#h o"her en""e! a! have .een ,ran"e+
n"erna"onal (er!onal"e!.
/ISTINCTIONS 0ETWEEN CONFLICT OF LAWS AN/ 'U0LIC
INTERNATIONAL LAW
CONFLICT OF LAW 0ASIS LAW OF NATIONS
1.2 MUNICI'AL Na"*re INTERNATIONAL
2.2 'RIVATE
IN/IVI/UALS
'er!on! Involve+ SOVEREI3N STATES
4 ENTITIES
'OSSESSE/ OF AN
INTERNATIONAL
'ERSONALIT5
'RIVATE Tran!a#"on! 3ENERALL5
AFFECTIN3 'U0LIC
INTEREST6 T7OSE
W7IC7 IN 3ENERAL
ARE OF INTEREST
TO SOVEREI3N
STATES
RESORT TO
MUNICI'AL
TRI0UNALS
Re)e+e!8
San#"on!
MA5 0E FORCI0LE
OR 'EACEFUL
Forcible:
1. !everan#e o$
+(lo)a"#
rela"on!-
2. re"or!on!-
1 | ' a , e
9. re(r!al!-
:. e).ar,o-
;. .oy#o""-
6. non-
n"er#o*r!e-
7. (a#<#
.lo#=a+e!-
>. #olle#"ve
)ea!*re! *n+er
"he UN Char"er-
an+
?. WAR
Peaceful:
1.+(lo)a"#
ne,o"a"on-
2."en+er 4 e@er#!e
o$ ,oo+ oA#e!-
9.)e+a"on-
:.nB*ry an+
#on#la"on-
;.ar."ra"on-
6.C*+#al !e""le)en"
.y "he ICD-
7.re$eren#e "o
re,onal a,en#e!-
>.re$eren#e "o "he
UN
Theory o$ Co)"y
- %e a((ly "he $ore,n la% .e#a*!e o$ "! CONVENIENCE-
an+ <nally- .e#a*!e WE WANT TO GIVE PROTECTION "o
o*r #"Een!- re!+en"! an+ "ran!en"! n o*r lan+.
Theory o$ Ve!"e+ R,h"!
- %e SEEK TO ENFORCE no" "he $ore,n la% "!el$ .*" THE
RIGHTS THAT HAVE BEEN VESTED *n+er !*#h $ore,n
la%!.
Theory o$ Lo#al La%
- We a((ly $ore,n la% no" .e#a*!e " ! $ore,n- .*"
BECASE OR O!N "A!S- .y a((lyn, !)lar r*le!-
RE#IRE S TO DO SO6
- I" ! a! $ "he $ore,n la% ha! .e#o)e PART AND PARCE"
o$ o*r o%n lo#al la%.
2 | ' a , e
Theory o$ 7ar)ony o$ La%!
- In )any #a!e! %e have "o a((ly "he $ore,n la%! !o "ha"
!HEREVER A CASE IS DECIDED- .e.- rre!(e#"ve o$ "he
$or*)- THE SO"TION SHO"D BE APPRO$IMATE"%
THE SAME
- "h*!- +en"#al or !)lar !ol*"on! any%here an+
every%here. When "he ,oal ! realEe+- "here %ll .e a
har)ony o$ la%!.
Theory o$ D*!"#e
- "he PRPOSE OF A"" "A!S- n#l*+n, Con&#" o$ La%!-
! "he DISPENSING OF &STICE'
- $ "h! #an .e a""ane+ n )any #a!e! .y a((lyn, "he
(ro(er $ore,n la%- %e )*!" +o !o.
Co)"y
- "he RECO3NITION "ha" one na"on allo%! %"hn "!
"err"ory- "o "he LE3ISLATIVE- EFECUTIVE OR DU/ICIAL
ACTS OF ANOT7ER NATION- havn, +*e re,ar+ .o"h "o
INTERNATIONAL /UT5 an+ CONVENIENCE- an+ "he RI37TS
OF ITS OWN CITIGENS- or o"her (er!on! %ho are *n+er "he
(ro"e#"on o$ "! la%!.
Chara#"erEa"on8 /OCTRINE OF HUALIFICATION
- "he (ro#e!! o$ +e"er)nn, *n+er %ha" #a"e,ory a #er"an
!e" o$ $a#"! or r*le! $all
- "he (ro#e!! o$ +e#+n, %he"her or no" "he $a#"! rela"e "o
"he =n+ o$ B*e!"on !(e#<e+ n a #on&#"! r*le.
- Al!o #alle+ "he +o#"rne o$ B*al<#a"on
- The *l")a"e (*r(o!e ! "o ena.le "he $or*) "o SE"ECT
THE PROPER "A!(
S"a"*!
- "he (la#e o$ an n+v+*al n !o#e"y- an+
- #on!!"! o$ (er!onal B*al"e! an+ rela"on!h(!- )ore or
le!! (er)anen"- %"h %h#h "he !"a"e an+ "he #o))*n"y
are #on#erne+.
- A)on, "he "hn,! %h#h )a=e *( "he !"a"*! o$ a (er!on
are "he I.J h! .en, )arre+ or *n)arre+- %+o%e+ or
+vor#e+- h! .en, a le,")a"e or an lle,")a"e #hl+ o$
h! (aren"!- h! .en, a )nor or h! havn, rea#he+ "he
a,e o$ )aCor"y6 h! #a(a#"y "o en"er n"o varo*!
"ran!a#"on!.
Ca(a#"y
9 | ' a , e
- )erely a (ar" o$ !"a"*!- an+ "he !*) "o"al o$ h! r,h"! an+
o.l,a"on!.
- The Cvl Co+e +!"n,*!he! 2 =n+! o$ #a(a#"yJ CA'ACIT5
TO ACT an+ DURI/ICAL CA'ACIT5.
- Ca(a#"y "o a#" or ACTIVE CA'ACIT5 ! "he (o%er "o +o a#"!
%"h le,al eIe#"!
- D*r+#al #a(a#"y or 'ASSIVE CA'ACIT5 ! "he <"ne!! "o .e
"he !*.Ce#" o$ le,al rela"on!
'er!onal La%
- The la% "ha" a""a#he! "o an n+v+*al- %herever he )ay
,o-
- a la% "ha" ,enerally ,overn! h! !"a"*!- h! #a(a#"y- h!
$a)ly rela"on!- an+ "he #on!eB*en#e! o$ h! a#"*a"on!.
- Th! )ay .e "he NATIONA" "A! o$ h! DOMICI"IAR%
"A! or "he "A! OF THE SITS +e(en+n, *(on "he
"heory a((le+ an+ en$or#e+ n "he $or*).
Na"onal"y Theory
- "he "heory .y vr"*e o$ %h#h "he !"a"*! an+ #a(a#"y o$ an
n+v+*al are )e*erall+ ,overne+ .y "he la% o$ h!
na"onal"y.
Na"*ralEa"on
- a C*+#al (ro#e!! o$ a#B*rn, #"Een!h( %here $or)al"e!
o$ "he la% have "o .e #o)(le+ %"h- n#l*+n, a DU/ICIAL
7EARIN3 an+ A''ROVAL OF T7E 'ETITION
- " )ay al!o )ean "he a#B*!"on o$ ano"her #"Een!h( .y
!*#h a#"! a! )arra,e "o a #"Een- an+ "he e@er#!e o$ "he
o("on "o ele#" a (ar"#*lar #"Een!h(.
/o)#lary Theory
- "he "heory "ha" n ,eneral- "he !"a"*!- #on+"on- r,h"! an+
o.l,a"on!- an+ #a(a#"y KSCROC2 o$ a (er!on !ho*l+ .e
,overne+ .y "he la% o$ h! +o)#le.
S"*! or E#le#"# Theory
- n ,eneral- "he #a(a#"y- le,al #on+"on- or !"a"*! KC.LC.S2
o$ an n+v+*al !ho*l+ .e ,overne+ .y "he la% o$ "he (la#e
%here an )(or"an" ele)en" o$ "he (ro.le) o##*r! or
!"*a"e+.
- I$ "he (ar"#(a"on o$ "he n+v+*al #on#erne+ ! a#"ve a!
%hen he +oe! "he a#" vol*n"arly- "he ,overnn, la% ! "he
la% o$ "he a#"*al !"*! o$ "he (la#e o$ "he "ran!a#"on or
even".
: | ' a , e
- I$ "he (ar"#(a"on ! (a!!ve- a! %hen "he eIe#"! o$ "he
a#" are !e" $or"h n "he la%- "he ,overnn, la% ! "he la% o$
"he le,al !"*! or "he le,al !"*! o$ an n+v+*al !
!*((o!e+ "o .e h! +o)#le.
RENVOI
- l"erally )ean! REFERRIN3 0ACL6
- "he (ro.le) ar!e! %hen "here ! +o*." a! "o %he"her a
re$eren#e "o a $ore,n la% ! a re$eren#e "o "he n"ernal la%
o$ !a+ $ore,n la%- or ! a re$eren#e "o "he %hole o$ "he
$ore,n la%- n#l*+n, "! #on&#"! r*le!.
- renvo K$ro) "he Fren#h- )eann, M!en+ .a#=M or M"o re"*rn
*no(ene+M2 ! a !*.!e" o$ "he #ho#e o$ la% r*le! an+ "
)ay .e a((le+ %henever a $or*) #o*r" ! +re#"e+ "o
#on!+er "he la% o$ ano"her !"a"e.
/OU0LE RENVOI
- o##*r! %hen "he lo#al #o*r"- n a+o("n, "he $ore,n #o*r"
"heory- +!#over! "ha" "he $ore,n #o*r" a##e("! "he renvo
- /o*.le Renvo or "he Fore,n Co*r"! /o#"rne %h#h %ll
al!o en!*re (ar"y o$ re!*l" !o lon, a! no o"her relevan"
la% ! *!n, ". In "h! !#enaro- "he $or*) #o*r" #on!+er!
"ha" " ! !""n, a! "he $ore,n #o*r" an+ %ll +e#+e "he
)a""er a! "he $ore,n #o*r" %o*l+.
Tran!)!!on
- "he (ro#e!! o$ a((lyn, "he la% o$ a $ore,n !"a"e "hro*,h
"he la% o$ a !e#on+ $ore,n !"a"e.
Marra,e a! a #on"ra#"
- ARTICLE 1 FAMIL5 CO/EJ
Marra,e ! a !(e#al #on"ra#" o$ (er)anen" *non .e"%een
a )an an+ a %o)an en"ere+ n"o n a##or+an#e %"h la%
$or "he e!"a.l!h)en" o$ #onC*,al an+ $a)ly l$e. I" ! "he
$o*n+a"on o$ "he $a)ly an+ an nvola.le !o#al n!""*"on
%ho!e na"*re- #on!eB*en#e! an+ n#+en"! are ,overne+
.y la% an+ no" !*.Ce#" "o !"(*la"on! e@#e(" "ha" )arra,e
!e""le)en"! )ay <@ "he (ro(er"y rela"on! +*rn, "he
)arra,e %"hn "he l)"! (rov+e+ .y "he Fa)ly Co+e.
- )arra,e a! any o"her #on"ra#" ha! "%o =n+! o$ reB*!"e!J
"he $or)al an+ "he e!!en"al reB*!"e!.
Marra,e a! a S"a"*!
- #arre! %"h " )(l#a"on! n "%o <el+!J
1. "he real) o$ (er!onal r,h"! an+ o.l,a"on! o$ "he
!(o*!e!6 an+
; | ' a , e
2. "he real) o$ (ro(er"y rela"on!.
Ann*l)en"
- "he re)e+y "o a vo+a.le )arra,e- .e.- a val+ )arra,e
*n"l ann*lle+.
A.!ol*"e /vor#e
- a )o+e o$ +!!olvn, "he )ar"al "e! ,ran"e+ $or #a*!e!
!*.!eB*en" "o "he )arra,e #ere)ony. There ! no /vor#e
n "he 'hl((ne!.
Le,al Se(ara"on
- or +vor#e a )en!a e" "horo
- or !e(ara"on $ro) .e+ an+ .oar+
- or rela"ve +vor#e
- +oe! no" !ever "he )arra,e .on+!
- Re#on#la"on (reven"! a !*" $or le,al !e(ara"on or
re!#n+! one alrea+y ,ran"e+.
- Can .e ,ran"e+ $or #a*!e! !*.!eB*en" "o "he #ele.ra"on
o$ "he )arra,e
- The ,ro*n+! are "ho!e ,ven .y "he na"onal la% o$ "he
(ar"e! #on#erne+ na!)*#h a! "h! ! (*rely a B*e!"on o$
!"a"*!- "he val+"y o$ "he )arra,e .en, (re!*)e+ or
a+)""e+.
So)e 3ro*n+! $or Le,al Se(ara"onJ
3ro*n+! $or le,al !e(ara"on Na"onal la% o$ "he (ar"e!
a2 A+*l"ery a2 $ o$ "he !a)e or #o))on
na"onal"y- "he #o))on
na"onal la% ,overn!
.2 Con#*.na,e .2 $ o$ +Ieren" na"onal"e!-
"he ,ro*n+! ,ven .y 0OT7
na"onal la%! !ho*l+ all .e
#on!+ere+ (ro(er ,ro*n+!
#2 a""e)(" .y one !(o*!e
a,an!" "he l$e o$ "he o"her
NOTEJ Re!+en#e reB*re)en"
$ !*" ! .ro*,h" n "he
'hl((ne!J
a2 $ #a*!e o##*rre+ n "he
'hl((ne!- NO RESI/ENCE
REHUIREMENT
.2 $ #a*!e o##*rre+ o*"!+e
"he 'hl((ne!- ONE 5EAR
RESI/ENCE ! reB*re+ n
o*r #o*n"ry
6 | ' a , e
LE3AL SE'ARATION /ISTIN3UIS7E/ FROM ANNULMENT OF
MARRIA3E
LE3AL SE'ARATION ANNULMENT
Can .e ,ran"e+ $ro) #a*!e!
ar!n, a$"er "he #ele.ra"on o$
)arra,e
Can .e ,ran"e+ $or #a*!e!
e@!"n, (ror "o or a" "he ")e
"he %e++n, "a=e! (la#e
3ro*n+! are ,ven .y "he
na"onal (ar"e! #on#erne+
3ro*n+! are ,ven .y "he le@
lo# #ele.ra"on!
're!*)e! "he val+"y o$
)arra,e
H*e!"on! "he very e@!"en#e o$
"he !"a"*!
3ROUN/S FOR LE3AL SE'ARATIONJ
1. re(ea"e+ (hy!#al volen#e or ,ro!!ly a.*!ve #on+*#"
+re#"e+ a,an!" "he (e""oner- a #o))on #hl+- or a #hl+
o$ "he (e""oner
2. (hy!#al volen#e or )oral (re!!*re "o #o)(el "he
(e""oner "o #han,e rel,o*! or (ol"#al aAla"on
9. a""e)(" o$ re!(on+en" "o #orr*(" or n+*#e "he (e""oner-
a #o))on #hl+ or a #hl+ o$ "he (e""oner - "o en,a,e n
(ro!""*"on- or #onnvan#e n !*#h #orr*("on or
n+*#e)en"
:. <nal C*+,)en" !en"en#n, "he re!(on+en" "o )(r!on)en"
or )ore "han 6 year!- even $ (ar+one+
;. +r*, a++#"on or ha."*al al#ohol!) o$ "he re!(on+en"
6. le!.an!) or ho)o!e@*al"y o$ "he re!(on+en"
7. #on"ra#"n, .y "he re!(on+en" o$ a !*.!eB*en" .,a)o*!
)arra,e- %he"her n "he R' or a.roa+
>. !e@*al n<+el"y Ka+*l"ery or #on#*.na,e2 or (erver!on
?. a""e)(" .y "he re!(on+en" a,an!" "he l$e o$ "he
(e""oner
10. a.an+on)en" o$ (e""oner .y re!(on+en" %8o
C*!"<a.le #a*!e $or )ore "han one year.
No"e!J
Mere (re(on+eran#e o$ ev+en#e %ll !*A#e "o (rove "he
e@!"en#e o$ any o$ "he ,ro*n+!- al"ho*,h n no.:- (revo*!
#r)nal #onv#"on ! e!!en"al n ve% o$ "he ne#e!!"y o$
a N<nal C*+,)en"O.
A.an+on)en" a! *!e+ heren ! !ynony)o*! "o #r)nal
+e!er"on- .e.- a h*!.an+P! or %$eP! a.an+on)en" or
%ll$*l $al*re %"ho*" C*!" #a*!e "o (rov+e $or "he #are-
7 | ' a , e
(ro"e#"on or !*((or" o$ "he !(o*!e %ho ! n ll heal"h or
ne#e!!"o*! #r#*)!"an#e!. Th! n#l*+e! .o"h "he
INTENTION "o A0AN/ON an+ "he EFTERNAL ACT .y %h#h
"he n"en"on ! #arre+ n"o eIe#".
'a"ern"y Kor )a"ern"y2
- "he #vl !"a"*! o$ "he $a"her Kor )o"her2 %"h re!(e#" "o
"he #hl+ .e,o""en .y h) Kor her2.
Fla"on
- "he !"a"*! o$ "he #hl+ n rela"on "o "he $a"her or )o"her.
'aren"al AIe#"on
- "he love o$ "he (aren"! $or "he #hl+
Flal AIe#"on
- "he love o$ "he #hl+ $or "he (aren"!
Le,")a"on
- a re)e+y or (ro#e!! .y )ean! o$ %h#h "ho!e %ho n $a#"
%ere no" .orn n %e+lo#=- an+ !ho*l+ "here$ore .e
or+narly #on!+ere+ lle,")a"e #hl+ren- are- .y <#"on
an+ *(on #o)(lan#e %"h #er"an reB*re)en"!- re,ar+e+
.y "he la% a! le,")a"e- " .en, !*((o!e+ "ha" "hey %ere
.orn %hen "her (aren"! %ere alrea+y val+ly )arre+.
- T,e re-ui.i/e. for le)i/i0a/io* are /,o.e 1re.cribe2
b+ /,e *a/io*al la3 of /,e fa/,er(
The $ollo%n, #on!""*"e "he n"ernal reB*!"e! $or "he
le,")a"on o$ an lle,")a"e #hl+J
12 The #hl+ )*!" .e #on#eve+ an+ .orn o*"!+e %e+lo#= o$
(aren"! %ho a" "he ")e o$ "he #on#e("on %ere
+!B*al<e+ .y any )(e+)en" "o )arry ea#h o"her.
22 There )*!" .e !*.!eB*en" val+ )arra,e
When %e )en"on "he rela"on!h( .e"%een "he #hl+ an+ "he
(aren"!- %e n$eren"ally n#l*+e al!o "he $ollo%n, )a""er!J
a2 (re!*)("on! o$ le,")a#y an+ lle,")a#y
.2 r,h"! an+ o.l,a"on! o$ (aren"! an+ #hl+ren
#2 (aren"al a*"hor"y
+2 re#(ro#al !*((or"
A+o("on
> | ' a , e
- "he (ro#e!! o$ )a=n, a #hl+- %he"her rela"e+ or no" "o
"he a+o("er- (o!!e!! n ,eneral "he r,h"! a##or+e+ "o a
le,")a"e #hl+.
CONFLICTS RULES ON A/O'TION
12 Whe"her or no" "he !"a"*! o$ a+o("on ha! .een #rea"e+
+e(en+! on "he na"onal la% o$ "he a+o("er.
22 I$ "he a+o("on "a=e! (la#e n "he 'hl((ne!- o*r #o*n"ryP!
(ro#e+*ral reB*!"e! )*!" .e #o)(le+ %"h n a##or+an#e
%"h "he "heory o$ le@ $or n (ro#e+*ral )a""er.
92 A+o("on #anno" .e allo%e+ %"ho*" C*+#al a((roval.
:2 The $ollo%n, are no" allo%e+ "o a+o("J
- The 3UAR/IAN WIT7 RES'ECT TO T7E WAR/ (ror "o "he
a((roval o$ "he <nal a##o*n"! ren+ere+ *(on "he
"er)na"on o$ "her ,*ar+an!h( rela"on6
- Any (er!on %ho ha! .een CONVICTE/ OF A CRIME
INVOLVIN3 MORAL TUR'ITU/E6
- An ALIEN e@#e("J
a2 a for0er Fili1i*o ci/i4e* %ho !ee=! "o a+o(" a rela"ve
.y #on!an,*n"y
.2 one %ho !ee=! "o a2o1/ /,e le)i/i0a/e c,il2 o$ h!8her
Fl(no !(o*!e6 or
#2 one %ho ! 0arrie2 /o a Fili1i*o ci/i4e* an+ !ee=! "o
a+o(" Con"ly %"h h!8her !(o*!e a rela"ve .y
#on!an,*n"y o$ "he la""er.
No"eJ
An alen %"h %ho!e ,overn)en" o$ "he R' ha! no +(lo)a"#
rela"on! )ay no" .e a+o("e+.
A+o("on o$ a $ore,ner +oe! no" ,ran" !a+ $ore,ner
'hl((ne #"Een!h(.
/o#"rne o$ I))*"a.l"y o$ S"a"*!
- "heory "ha" "he STATS OF A CHI"D5 HIS "EGITIMAC%5
IS NOT AFFECTED B% AN% SBSE#ENT CHANGE IN
THE NATIONA"IT% OF THE PARENTS.
- 7o%ever- "he na"onal la% o$ "he (aren"! %ll .e #han,e+
!ho*l+ "he (aren"! eIe#" a #han,e o$ na"onal"yJ "he
r,h"! an+ o.l,a"on! o$ (aren"! an+ #hl+ %ll no% .e
+e"er)ne+ .y "he ne% na"onal la%.
? | ' a , e
E@a)(leJ A Fl(no lle,")a"e #hl+ %ho .e#o)e! a le,")a"e+
#hl+ o$ h! Fl(no (aren"! .y vr"*e o$ re#o,n"on .y .o"h
(aren"! an+ "her !*.!eB*en" val+ )arra,e- #on"n*e! "o .e a
le,")a"e #hl+ even $ "he (aren"! !ho*l+ !*.!eB*en"ly
e).ra#e ano"her na"onal"y.
The (aren"al an+ <lal r,h"! an+ o.l,a"on! %ll no% .e
,overne+ "he NEW na"onal"y- .*" "he #hl+ ! #on!+ere+ !"ll a
le,")a"e+ #hl+- +e!("e any #on"rary r*le *n+er "he ne%
na"onal"y. Moreover- "he ne% r,h"! an+ o.l,a"on! %ll .e
eIe#"ve only $ro) "he )o)en" "he ne% na"onal"y !
e).ra#e+- no" .e$ore.
3*ar+an!h(
- "here are ,enerally 9Q =n+! o$ ,*ar+an!
1. Guar2ia*. o6er /,e Per.o*Q- appointed ,enerally
.y "he #o*r"! where the ward is domiciled. Ther
(o%er! are coextensive %"h "he a*"hor"y o$ "he
a((on"n, #o*r". 7en#e- a ,*ar+an a! !*#h- ! no"
(er)""e+ "o !*e n o"her C*r!+#"on! *nle!! h!
,*ar+an!h( ! al!o re#o,nEe+ n !*#h $ore,n
#o*r"!. 7o%ever- he may litigate in his own
individual or private capacity.
2. Guar2ia*. o6er /,e Pro1er/+Q - appointed by the
court where the property of the ward may be found6
"her (o%er! are <@e+ .y "he a((on"n, #o*r"- an+
#anno" have e@"ra"err"oral a((l#a"on.
Sho*l+ "he %ar+ have (ro(er"e! n $ore,n !"a"e!-
a*cillar+ )uar2ia*.,i1 1rocee2i*). are
)(era"ve.
3. Ge*eral Guar2ia*.7 Kover .o"h "he (er!on an+ "he
(ro(er"y o$ "he %ar+!2. Can ,enerally .e a((on"e+
only .y "he #o*r" o$ "he #o*n"ry %here "he %ar+ !
+o)#le+ an+ %here "he (ro(er"e! are lo#a"e+.
'o%er! are #oe@"en!ve %"h "ho!e o$ "he #o*r" "ha"
+e!,na"e+ "he).
4. Do0iciliar+ Guar2ia*. Ka((on"e+ .y "he #o*r"! o$
"he +o)#le o$ "he %ar+!2
5. A*cillar+ Guar2ia*. K"ho!e a((on"e+ el!e%here2
Real 'ro(er"y
10 | ' a , e
- (ar" o$ "he #o*n"ry %here " ! lo#a"e+.
- I"! ))ova.l"y )a=e! " lo,#al "ha" " !hall .e !*.Ce#" "o
"he la%! o$ "he !"a"e! %here " ! $o*n+ Kle@ !"*!8le@ re
!"ae2
'er!onal 'ro(er"y
- )ova.le (ro(er"y
- ,overne+ .y "he la% o$ "he o%ner KMO0ILIA SEHUUNTUR
'ERSONAM2
- )ay .e "an,.le or n"an,.le
- TAN3I0LES- Cho!e! n (o!!e!!on
- INTAN3I0LES- Cho!e! n a#"on K!*#h a! !hare! o$ !"o#=-
$ran#h!e!- an+ #o(yr,h"!2
REAL AN/ 'ERSONAL 'RO'ERTIES
FACTUAL SITUATION 'OINT OF CONTACT
12 Real (ro(er"y
- e@"rn!# an+ n"rn!#
val+"y o$
E@#e("on!J
a2 !*##e!!onal r,h"!
.2 #a(a#"y "o !*##ee+
#2 #on"ra#"! nvolvn, real
(ro(er"y .*" %h#h +o no"
+eal %"h "he ""le "here"o
+2 #on"ra#"! %here "he real
(ro(er"y ! ,ven a!
!e#*r"y
Le@ re !"ae KAr". 16- NCC2
- na"onal la% o$ "he
+e#e+en"
- na"onal la% o$ "he +e#e+en"
- le@ lo# vol*n"a"!8 le@ lo#
n"en"on!
- "he (rn#(al #on"ra#" K*!*.
Loan2 ! ,overne+ .y "he
(ro(er la% o$ "he #on"ra#"
Kle@ lo# vol*n"a"!8 le@ lo#
n"en"on!
no"eJ "he )or",a,e "!el$-
ho%ever- ! ,overne+ .y "he
le@ re !"ae. There ! a
(o!!.l"y "ha" "he (rn#(al
11 | ' a , e
alena"on!- *!*$r*#"-
"ran!$er!- lea!e-
)or",a,e!- ea!e)en"-
#a(a#"y o$ (ar"e!- (ol#e (o%er-
n"er(re"a"on o$
+o#*)en"!-
e)nen" +o)an-
eIe#"! o$
o%ner!h(-
"a@a"on-
#o-o%ner!h(- B*e"n, o$ ""le-
a##e!!on- re,!"ra"on an+
(re!#r("on
22 Tan,.le 'er!onal 'ro(er"y
a2 n ,eneral
EFCE'TIONSJ SAME AS T7OSE
FOR REAL 'RO'ERT5
.2 )ean! o$ "ran!(or"a"on
- ve!!el!
- o"her )ean!
#2 "hn, n "ran!"* K"he!e
"hn,! have a #han,n,
!"a"*! .e#a*!e "hey
)ove2
- lo!!- +e!"r*#"on-
+e"erora"on
- val+"y an+ eIe#" o$ "he
!eE*re o$ "he ,oo+!
- +!(o!"on o$ alena"on
o$ "he ,oo+!
92 In"an,.le (er!onal (ro(er"y
a2 re#overy o$ +e."! or
nvol*n"ary
a!!,n)en" o$ +e."!
K,arn!h)en"2
.2 vol*n"ary
a!!,n)en" o$ +e."!
#on"ra#" ! val+ .*" "he
)or",a,e ! vo+6 or " )ay .e
"he o"her %ay aro*n+. I$ "he
(rn#(al #on"ra#" ! vo+- "he
)or",a,e %o*l+ al!o .e vo+
K$or la#= o$ (ro(er #a*!e or
#on!+era"on0- al"ho*,h .y
"!el$- "he )or",a,e #o*l+ have
.een val+.
n2 LEF REI SITAE
E@#e("on!J !a)e a! "ho!e $or
real (ro(er"y e@#e(" "ha" n
e@a)(le #on#ernn, "he
)or",a,e "he !a)e )*!" .e
#han,e+ "o a 1le2)e o$
(er!onal (ro(er"y.
- la% o$ "he &a, Kor n
!o)e #a!e! o$ "he (la#e
o$ re,!"ry2
- la% o$ "he +e(o" or
re!"n, (la#e
- la% o$ "he +e!"na"on
- lo#*! re," a#"*) K%here
!eEe+2 .e#. Sa+ (la#e !
"her "e)(orary !"*!
- le@ lo# vol*n"a"!8le@ lo#
n"en"on!
a2 %here "he +e."or )ay .e
eIe#"vely !erve+ %"h
!*))on! K*!*. The
12 | ' a , e
#2 "a@a"on o$ +e."!
+2 a+)n!"ra"on o$
+e."!
e2 ne,o"a.l"y or non-
ne,o"a.l"y o$ an
n!"r*)en"
$2 val+"y o$ "ran!$er-
+elvery or
ne,o"a"on o$ "he
n!"r*)en"
,2 eIe#" on a
#or(ora"on o$ "he
!ale #or(ora"e
!hare!
h2 eIe#" .e"%een "he
(ar"e! o$ "he !ale
o$ #or(ora"e !hare!
2 "a@a"on on "he
+v+en+! o$
#or(ora"e !hare!
C2 "a@a"on on "he
n#o)e o$ "he !ale
#or(ora"e !hare!
=2 $ran#h!e!
l2 ,oo+%ll o$ a
.*!ne!! an+
"a@a"on "hereon
+o)#le2
.2 le@ lo# vol*n"a"!8 le@ lo#
n"en"on! K(ro(er la% o$
"he #on"ra#"2
o"her "heore!J
12 NATIONAL LAW OF T7E
CRE/ITOR OR /E0TOR
22 /OMICILE OF T7E
/E0TOR OR T7E
CRE/ITOR
92 LEF LOCI CELE0RATIONIS
:2 LEF LOCI SOLUTIONIS
#2 +o)#le o$ "he #re+"or
+2 le@ !"*! o$ a!!e"! o$ "he
+e."or K$or "he!e a!!e"!
#an .e hel+ la.le $or "he
(ay)en" o$ "he +e."!2
e2 "he r,h" e).o+e+ n "he
n!"r*)en"
$2 n ,eneral- !"*! o$ "he
n!"r*)en" a" "he ")e o$
"ran!$er- +elvery or
ne,o"a"on
,2 la% o$ "he (la#e o$
n#or(ora"on
h2 le@ lo# vol*n"a"!8le@ lo#
n"en"on!
2 la% o$ "he (la#e o$
n#or(ora"on
C2 la% o$ "he (la#e %here
"he !ale %a!
#on!*))a"e+
=2 la% o$ "he (la#e "ha"
,ran"e+ "he)
19 | ' a , e
)2(a"en"!- #o(yr,h"!-
"ra+e)ar=!- "ra+e
na)e!
l2 la% o$ "he (la#e %here
"he .*!ne!! ! #arre+ on
)2n "he a.!en#e o$ a
"rea"y- "hey are (ro"e#"e+
only .y "he !"a"e "ha"
,ran"e+ "he).
No"eJ $ore,ner! )ay !*e $or
n$rn,e)en" o$ "ra+e)ar=!
an+ "ra+ena)e! n "he R' only
$ Fl(no! are ,ran"e+
re#(ro#al #on#e!!on! n "he
!"a"e o$ "he $ore,ner!.
Cho!e
- a "hn,- an ar"#le o$ (er!onal (ro(er"y
- a #ha""el (er!onal- an+ ! e"her IN ACTION OR IN
'OSSESSION
Cho!e n A#"on KIn"an,.le 'er!onal 'ro(er"y2
- a "hn, n a#"on
- "he r,h" o$ .rn,n, an a#"on or
- r,h" "o re#over a +e." or )oney
Cho!e n a#"on )ean! any o$ "he $ollo%n,J
89 R,h" o$ (ro#ee+n, n a #o*r" o$ la% "o 1rocure (ay)en"
o$ !*) o$ )oney- or r,h" "o reco6er a (er!onal #ha""el or
a !*) o$ )oney .y a#"on6
:9 A 1er.o*al ri),/ no" re+*#e+ n"o (o!!e!!on- .*"
reco6erable b+ a .ui/ a/ la3'
;9 A ri),/ /o 1er.o*al /,i*). o$ %h#h "he o%ner ha! "he
(o!!e!!on- .*" )erely a ri),/ of ac/io* for /,eir
1o..e..io*6
<9 In#l*+e! 1er.o*al c,a//el. 3,ic, are *o/ i*
1o..e..io*- an+ all 1ro1er/+ i* ac/io* 3,ic, 2e1e*2.
e*/irel+ o* co*/rac/. e@(re!! or )(le+6
=9 A r,h" /o recei6e or reco6er a 2eb/> 2e0a*2> or
2a0a)e. o* a cau.e of ac/io* e?5co*/rac/u or for a
/or/ or o)!!on o$ a +*"y.
Cho!e n 'o!!e!!on KTan,.le 'er!onal 'ro(er"y2
- 'er!onal "hn, o$ %h#h one ha! (o!!e!!on
1: | ' a , e
3oo+%ll
- "he PATRONAGE o$ any e!"a.l!he+ "ra+e or .*!ne!!
- "he BENEFIT a#B*re+ .y an e!"a.l!h)en" BE%OND "he
)ere val*e o$ "he #a("al !"o#=!- $*n+!- or (ro(er"y
e)(loye+ "heren IN CONSE#ENCE OF THE GENERA"
PB"IC@S PATRONAGE AND ENCORAGEMENT %h#h
" re#eve! $ro) "! #*!"o)er!.
Tra+e)ar=
- "he *a0e or .+0bol o$ )oo2. )a+e or )an*$a#"*re+.
Tra+e na)e
- "he *a0e or .+0bol o$ a ./ore or bu.i*e.. 1lace
Serv#e Mar=
- "he *a0e or .+0bol o$ .er6ice. ren+ere+.
Co(yr,h"
- "he r,h" o$ l"erary (ro(er"y a! re#o,nEe+ an+ !an#"one+
.y (o!"ve la%.
Wll
- an a#" %here.y a (er!on ! (er)""e+- %"h "he $or)al"e!
(re!#r.e+ .y la%- "o #on"rol "o a #er"an +e,ree "he
+!(o!"on o$ h! e!"a"e- "o "a=e eIe#" a$"er h! +ea"h.
S*##e!!on
- a )o+e o$ a#B*!"on .y vr"*e o$ %h#h "he (ro(er"y-
r,h"! an+ o.l,a"on!- "o "he e@"en" o$ "he val*e o$ "he
nher"an#e- o$ a (er!on are "ran!)""e+ "hro*,h h! +ea"h
"o ano"her or o"her! e"her .y h! %ll or .y o(era"on o$
la%.
Theore! on "he 'ro(er La% $or "he Tran!)!!on o$ S*##e!!onal
R,h"!
12 Un"ary or Sn,le Sy!"e)- one la% ,overn! "he
"ran!)!!on o$ .o"h real an+ (er!onal (ro(er"y
22 S(l" or S#!!on Sy!"e)- one la% ,overn! real (ro(er"y
%hle ano"her +e"er)ne! !*##e!!onal r,h"! "o (er!onal
(ro(er"y.
WILLS- SUCCESSION- AN/ A/MINISTRATION
FACTUAL SITUATION 'OINT OF CONTACT
1; | ' a , e
12 E@"rn!# Val+"y o$ Wll!
a2 )a+e .y an alen a.roa+
.2 )a+e .y a Fl(no a.roa+
#2 )a+e .y an alen n "he
R'
a2 le@ na"onal8 le@
+o)#l8 R' la%8 le@
lo# #ele.ra"on!
.2 le@ na"onal8 le@
lo# #ele.ra"on!
#2 le@ na"onal8 le@
lo# #ele.ra"on!
22 E@"rn!# val+"y o$ DOINT
WILLS K)a+e n "he !a)e
n!"r*)en"2
a2 )a+e .y Fl(no!
a.roa+
.2 )a+e .y alen!
a.roa+
#2 )a+e .y alen! n
"he 'hl((ne!
a2 le@ na"onal Kvo+
even $ val+ %here
)a+e2
.2 val+ $ a##+,. Le@
na"onal8 le@
+o)#l8 le@ lo#
#ele.ra"on!
#2 le@ lo# #ele.ra"on!
"here$ore VOI/
92 In"rn!# Val+"y o$ %ll!
Kn#l*+n, or+er o$
!*##e!!on- a)o*n" o$
!*##e!!onal r,h"!- an+
n"rn!# val+"y o$ "he
(rov!on! o$ "he %ll2
Le@ na"onal o$ "he +e#ea!e+-
re,ar+le!! o$ "he lo#a"on an+
na"*re o$ "he (ro(er"y
:2 Ca(a#"y "o !*##ee+ Le@ na"onal o$ "he +e#ea!e+
;2 Revo#a"on o$ %ll!
a2 $ +one n R'
.2$ +one o*"!+e R'
- .y a non-+o)#lary
- .y a +o)#lary
a2 le@ lo# a#"*! Ko$ "he
revo#a"on2
.2
- le@ lo# #ele.ra"on!
o$ "he WILL8 le@ lo#
+o)#l
- le@ +o)#l8 le@ lo#
a#"*! o$ REVOCATION
62 (ro.a"e o$ %ll! )a+e
a.roa+
a2 $ no" ye" (ro.a"e+
.2 $ alrea+y (ro.a"e+
a.roa+
a2 le@ $or
.2 le@ $or K)*!" al!o
.e (ro.a"e+ n "he
R'6 .*" en$or#e)en"
o$ "he $ore,n
C*+,)en" on
16 | ' a , e
(ro.a"e ! eno*,h2
72 E@e#*"or! an+
a+)n!"ra"or!
a2 %here a((on"e+
.2 (o%er!
a2 $ +o)#le+- %here
+o)#le+ a" +ea"h
$ no" +o)#le+- %here
"he a!!e"! are $o*n+
.2 #o-e@"en!ve %"h
"he B*al$yn, or "he
a((on"n, #o*r"
no"eJ "he!e r*le! al!o a((ly "o
(rn#(al- +o)#lary or
an#llary a+)n!"ra"or! an+
re#ever! even n non-
!*##e!!on #a!e!.
7olo,ra(h# Wll!
- a %ll %h#h ! en"rely %r""en- +a"e+ an+ !,ne+ .y "he
han+ o$ "he "e!"a"or h)!el$.
- S*.Ce#" "o no o"her $or) an+ nee+ no" .e %"ne!!e+.
- The +!(o!"on o$ "he "e!"a"or %r""en .elo% h! !,na"*re
)*!" .e +a"e+ an+ !,ne+ .y h) n or+er "o )a=e "he)
val+ a! "e!"a)en"ary +!(o!"on!.
/e#e+en" an+ Te!"a"or
- +e#e+en" ! "he ,eneral "er) a((le+ "o "he (er!on %ho!e
(ro(er"y ! "ran!)""e+ "hro*,h !*##e!!on- %he"her or no"
he le$" a %ll- $ he le$" a %ll- he ! al!o #alle+ a "e!"a"or.
Te!"a)en"ary Ca(a#"y
- "he #a(a#"y "o #o)(rehen+ "he na"*re o$ "ran!a#"on n
%h#h "he "e!"a"or ! en,a,e+ a" "he ")e-
- "o re#olle#" "he (ro(er"y "o .e +!(o!e+ o$ an+ "he (er!on!
%ho %o*l+ na"*rally .e !*((o!e+ "o have #la)! *(on "he
"e!"a"or- an+
- "o #o)(rehen+ "he )anner n %h#h "he n!"r*)en" %ll
+!"r.*"e h! (ro(er"y a)on, "he o.Ce#"! o$ h! .o*n"y.
A""e!"a"on Cla*!e
- "he #la*!e %heren "he %"ne!!e! #er"$y "ha" "he
n!"r*)en" ha! .een e@e#*"e+ .e$ore "he)- an+ "he
)anner o$ "he e@e#*"on o$ "he !a)e.
17 | ' a , e
E!"a"e
- "he n"ere!" %h#h a (er!on ha! n lan+!- or any o"her
!*.Ce#" o$ (ro(er"y
O.l,a"on
- a C*r+#al ne#e!!"y "o- "o +o or no" "o +o.
- A C*r+#al rela"on %here.y a (er!on K#re+"or2 )ay
+e)an+ $ro) ano"her K+e."or2 "he o.!ervan#e o$ a
+e"er)ne+ #on+*#" an+ n #a!e o$ .rea#h- )ay +e)an+
!a"!$a#"on $ro) "he a!!e"! o$ "he la""er.
Con"ra#"
- a )ee"n, o$ "he )n+! .e"%een 2 (er!on! %here.y one
.n+! h)!el$- %"h re!(e#" "o "he o"her- "o ,ve !o)e"hn,
or "o ren+er !o)e !erv#e.
- An a,ree)en" %h#h #rea"e! an o.l,a"on
- A,ree)en" *(on !*A#en" #on!+era"on- "o +o or no" "o
+o a (ar"#*lar "hn,.
- May .e e@(re!! or )(le+.
E@(re!! Con"ra#"
- "he a,ree)en" ! $or)al an+ !"a"e+ ver.ally or n %r"n,
- "he "er)! o$ "he a,ree)en" are +e#lare+ .y "he (ar"e! n
%r"n, or ver.ally a" "he ")e " ! en"ere+ n"o
I)(le+ Con"ra#"
- "he a,ree)en" n $a#" ! (re!*)e+ or n$erre+ $ro) "he
a#"! o$ "he (ar"e!
- )ay al!o ar!e $ro) )ere #on!en"
- %here one (ar"y ren+ere+ !erv#e! "o ano"her- an+ "he!e
!erv#e! %ere a##e("e+ .y "he la""er- n "he a.!en#e o$
(roo$ "ha" "he !erv#e! %ere ren+ere+ ,ra"*"o*!ly- an
o.l,a"on re!*l"! "o (ay "he rea!ona.le %or"h o$ "he
!erv#e! ren+ere+ *(on "he )(le+ #on"ra#" o$ hrn,-
*n+er "he (rn#(le o$ $a#o *" +e!- .e.- I +o "ha" yo* )ay
,ve.
Tor"
- a le,al %ron, #o))""e+ *(on ano"herP! (er!on or
(ro(er"y- n+e(en+en" o$ a #on"ra#"
Cr)e
- an a#" or o)!!on (*n!ha.le .y la%
Felony
1> | ' a , e
- "ran!,re!!on a,an!" "he Rev!e+ 'enal Co+e
OIen!e
- "ran!,re!!on a,an!" a !(e#al la%
In$ra#"on
- "ran!,re!!on a,an!" a lo#al or )*n#(al or lo#al
or+nan#e
Cor(ora"on
- an ar"<#al .en, #rea"e+ .y o(era"on o$ la%- havn, "he
r,h" o$ !*##e!!on an+ "he (o%er!- a""r.*"e!- an+
(ro(er"e! e@(re!!ly a*"horEe+ .y la% or n#+en" "o "!
e@!"en#e.
Na"*ral Moral La%
- r*le o$ h*)an #on+*#" i01la*/e2 b+ Go2 n o*r *a/ure
an+ n o*r co*.cie*ce- *r,n, *! "o +o %ha"ever ! r,h"
an+ avo+ %ha"ever ! evl.
S(e#al La%!
- re,*la"e- $or n!"an#e- "he "rea")en" o$ $ore,n n!*ran#e
#o)(ane!- "he re#(ro#al (rvle,e! n "he )a""er! o$
(a"en"!- "he reB*!"e! .e$ore an alen )ay o."an a
#o(yr,h"- "he #on+"on! *n+er %h#h alen re"al "ra+e
)ay !"ll #on"n*e- an+ "he ,ran" o$ n#en"ve! "o $ore,n
nve!"or!.
LEF SITUS
- la% o$ "he (la#e 3,ere /,e 1ro1er/+ i. .i/ua/e2
- ,overn! al)o!" every"hn, "ha" #on#ern! real 1ro1er/+J
$or)al"e! $or "her alena"on- "he #a(a#"y "o en#*).er
or o"her%!e +!(o!e o$ "he)- an+ !o $or"h.
- In "he 'hl((ne!- "h! r*le a((le! "o .o"h real an+
(er!onal (ro(er"y.
LEF LOCI CELE0RATIONIS
- la% o$ "he (la#e o$ "he #ele.ra"on or e@e#*"on
- ,overn! ,enerally all "ran!a#"on! n!o$ar a!
FORMA"ITIES OR SO"EMNITIES are #on#erne+.
- O*e i01or/a*/ e?ce1/io* /o /,i. rule i. 3,e*e6er
1ro1er/+ i. i*6ol6e2> i* 3,ic, a ca.e i/ i. /,e le?
.i/u. /,a/ .,oul2 co*/rol(
Cr)nal La% 'rn#(le o$ Terr"oral"y
1? | ' a , e
- "he (la#e or "err"ory %here a #r)e ha! .een #o))""e+
ha! C*r!+#"on "o "ry "he oIen!e "ha" ha! .een
#o))""e+.
Cr)nal La% 'rn#(le o$ 3eneral"y
- #r)nal la%! o$ a #o*n"ry .n+ .o"h "he #"Een! an+ "he
alen! %ho are n "he !a+ #o*n"ry or "err"ory.
- N'enal la%! an+ "ho!e o$ (*.l# !e#*r"y an+ !a$e"y !hall
.e o.l,a"ory *(on all %ho lve or !oCo*rn n 'hl((ne
"err"ory- !*.Ce#" "o "he (rn#(le! o$ (*.l# n"erna"onal
la% an+ "o "rea"y !"(*la"on!.O
- Alen! #o)e *n+er o*r "err"oral C*r!+#"on .e#a*!e %hle
"hey are n o*r #o*n"ry- "hey o%e !o)e !or" o$ alle,an#e-
even $ " .e "e)(orary.
DURIS/ICTION
- $ro) "he La"n NC*! +#ereO- .e.- "he r,h" "o !(ea=.
- The a*"hor"y o$ a "r.*nal "o hear an+ +e#+e a #a!e an+
al!o "he (o%er "o en$or#e any C*+,)en" " )ay ren+er
"hereon n $ore,n !"a"e!- !*.Ce#" "o "he r,h"! o$ !a+
!"a"e!.
DURIS/ICTION OVER T7E SU0DECT MATTER
- Con$erre+ .y la%6 "he #on!en" or "he !*.)!!on o$ "he
(ar"e! on "h! (on" ! o$ no #on!eB*en#e6 only "he la%
#on$er! " an+ only "he la% )ay #han,e ".
- "he a*"hor"y o$ a #o*r" "o hear an+ +e#+e #a!e! o$ "he
,eneral #la!! "o %h#h "he (ro#ee+n,! n B*e!"on .elon,
- "he alle,a"on! n "he (e""on or #o)(lan"- rea+ "o,e"her
%"h "he (ro(er C*r!+#"onal la%- %ll #on$er C*r!+#"on on
"he #o*r"
DURIS/ICTION OVER T7E 'ERSON
- "he (o%er o$ "he #o*r" "o ren+er a C*+,)en" "ha" %ll .e
bi*2i*) o* /,e 1ar/ie. i*6ol6e2J "he (lan"I an+ "he
+e$en+an"
- C*r!+#"on over "he (er!on o$ "he (lan"I ! a#B*re+ $ro)
"he )o)en" he n!""*"e! "he a#"on .y "he (ro(er
(lea+n,
- C*r!+#"on over "he (er!on o$ "he +e$en+an" ! a#B*re+
"hro*,h "he $ollo%n, )ean!J
1. 6olu*/ar+ a((earan#e
2. 1er.o*al .ub./i/u/e2 !erv#e o$ !*))on!
DURIS/ICTION OVER T7E RES
20 | ' a , e
- C*r!+#"on over "he (ar"#*lar !*.Ce#" )a""er n
#on"rover!y- RE3AR/LESS o$ (er!on! %ho )ay .e
n"ere!"e+ "heren.
FORUM-S7O''IN3
- "he (ra#"#e o$ loo=n, over "he #o*r"! o$ "he %orl+ $or
(o!!.le a+van"a,e! o*,h" "o .e #*r.e+
'U0LIC 'OLIC5
- "he )an$e!" %ll o$ "he !"a"e
- "ha" %h#h " +e!re! on a##o*n" o$ "! o%n $*n+a)en"al
(rn#(le! o$ C*!"#e- "! o%n (er#e("on o$ )oral!- an+ "!
+ee(-roo"e+ "ra+"on! $or "he #o))on %eal.
COMIT5 0ASE/ ON RECI'ROCIT5
- $ "he la%! an+ C*+,)en"! o$ "he $or*) are re#o,nEe+ n a
$ore,n !"a"e- "he $or*) n "*rn %ll re#o,nEe "he la%! an+
C*+,)en"! e)ana"n, $ro) !a+ $ore,n !"a"e.
RECO3NITION OF A FOREI3N DU/3MENT
- o*r #o*r"! %ll allo% !a+ FOREIGN &DGMENT TO BE
PRESENTED AS A DEFENSE TO A "OCA" "ITIGATION
- nvolve! )erely "he !en!e o$ C*!"#e
- +oe! no" reB*re e"her a#"on or a !(e#al (ro#ee+n,
- )ay e@!" %"ho*" en$or#e)en"
ENFORCEMENT OF FOREI3N DU/3MENTS
- a (lan"I %an"! "he #o*r"! "o POSITIVE"% CARR% OT
AND MAKE EFFECTIVE IN THE PHI"IPPINES A
FOREIGN &DGMENT
- vr"*ally )(le! a +re#" a#" o$ !overe,n"y
- ne#e!!"a"e! a !e(ara"e a#"on or (ro#ee+n, .ro*,h"
(re#!ely "o )a=e "he $ore,n C*+,)en" eIe#"ve
- ne#e!!arly #arre! %"h " re#o,n"on
E@"rn!# Fra*+
- $ra*+ .a!e+ on $a#"! no" #on"rover"e+ or re!olve+ n "he
#a!e %here "he C*+,)en" %a! ren+ere+.
In"rn!# Fra*+
- $ra*+ %h#h ,oe! "o "he very e@!"en#e o$ "he #a*!e o$
a#"on.
'UREL5 INTERNAL RULE
- 3overn! a (*rely +o)e!"# (ro.le)- one %"ho*" any
$ore,n ele)en"
21 | ' a , e
- /re#"ly an!%er! a ,ven (ro.le)
CONFLICTS RULE
- a((le! %hen "he $a#"*al !"*a"on nvolve! a $ore,n
ele)en"
- )erely n+re#"ly re!(on+! .y n+#a"n, %he"her n"ernal
or $ore,n la% ! "o .e a((le+.
FACTUAL SITUATION
- !e" o$ $a#"! (re!en"n, a #on&#"! (ro.le)
- +e<ne! "! o.Ce#" R#er"an o(era"ve! $a#"!
- ra!e! a le,al B*e!"on
'OINT OF CONTACT OR T7E CONNECTIN3 FACTOR
- "he la% o$ "he #o*n"ry %"h %h#h "he $a#"*al !"*a"on !
)o!" n")a"ely #onne#"e+.
CA'ACIT5 TO SUCCEE/
- The $a#"*al !"*a"on n+#a"n, "ha" a (er!on ! +ea+- an+
!o)eone alle,e! a r,h" or #a(a#"y "o nher" $ro) "he
$or)er.
TOTALIT5 A''ROAC7
- ,e""n, "he la% n"en+e+ .y "he (ar"e! "o ,overn "he
#on"ra#" "hen a((lyn, "he n"en+e+ la% n "! "o"al"y
n#l*+n, "! (ero+! o$ (re!#r("on an+ "! !"a"*"e o$
$ra*+!.
LEF FORI T7EOR5
- "he $or*) #on!+er! "! o%n #on#e("! "! o%n
#hara#"erEa"on- o"her%!e "here %ll .e a vr"*al
!*rren+er o$ !overe,n"y r,h" n "he $or*)P! o%n ho)e.
LEF CAUSAE T7EOR5
- "he e@a#" o((o!"e o$ "he le@ !"*! "heory
- "he la% +en"<e+ n "he #ho#e-o$-la% !"a,e o$ "he #on&#"
(ro#e!! a! "he one "o .e a((le+ "o +e"er)ne "he #a!e
- "he #hara#"erEa"on o$ "he $ore,n !"a"e- %h#h ! "he
(rn#(al (on" o$ #on"a#"- ! !*((o!e+ "o .e $ollo%e+.
UNIVERSAL ANAL5TICAL T7EOR58 COM'ARATIVE A''ROAC7
T7EOR5
- #o))on $a#"or! .o"h n "he "E$ FORI an+ "he "E$
CASAE are "a=en n"o #on!+era"on n or+er "o avo+
*nC*!" re!*l"!
22 | ' a , e
- Chara#"erEa"on #o)e! only a$"er a )e*eral
co01ara/i6e a*al+/ical ./u2+ of /,e Auri.1ru2e*ce o$
all "he !"a"e! nvolve+.
/UAL T7EOR5 OF LEF FORI AN/ LEF CAUSAE
- S)lar "o "he Co)(ara"ve A((roa#h Theory- e@#e(" "ha"
n!"ea+ o$ #on!+ern, %orl+%+e #on#e("on!- ON"% T!O
CONCEPTS ENTER INTO THE PICTRE: THE
CHARACTERIBATION OF THE "E$ FORI AND THAT OF
THE "E$ CASAE(
AUTONOMOUS T7EOR5 K)ay .e rela"e+ "o TRANSMISSION2
- The $or*) !ho*l+ #on!+er "he #hara#"erEa"on o$ "he
#o*n"ry re$erre+ "o n "he #on&#"! r*le o$ "he le@ #a*!ae
- 7en#e- $ "he #hara#"erEa"on n "he $or*) S"a"e A (on"!
"o S"a"e 0 a! "he le@ #a*!ae- an+ "he #on&#"! r*le n S"a"e
0 re$er! "o S"a"e C a! "he (ro(er (on" o$ #on"a#"- " ! "he
#hara#"erEa"on n S"a"e C %h#h )*!" .e *!e+ .y S"a"e A.
NATURAL-0ORN CITIGENS
- "ho!e %ho are #"Een! o$ "he 'hl((ne! $ro) .r"h %"ho*"
havn, "o (er$or) any a#" "o a#B*re or (er$e#" "her
'hl((ne #"Een!h(.
NATURALIGE/ CITIGENS
- #"Een! %ho are no" na"*ral-.orn #"Een! an+ "ho!e %ho
.e#o)e #"Een! "hro*,h C*+#al (ro#ee+n,!
CITIGENS 05 ELECTION
- C"Een! %ho- .y vr"*e o$ #er"an le,al (rov!on!- .e#o)e
!*#h .y #hoo!n, or ele#"n, 'hl((ne #"Een!h( a" "he
a,e o$ 21 or %"hn a rea!ona.le ")e herea$"er.
EFFECTIVE NATIONALIT5 T7EOR5
- $ "he +e#ea!e+ ! no" a #"Een o$ "he $or*)- %e )*!" ,e"
"he la% o$ "he na"on o$ %h#h he %a! .o"h a na"onal an+
a +o)#lary
/OMICILE
- "he (la#e %here a (er!on ha! #er"an !e""le+- <@e+- le,al
rela"on! .e#a*!e " ! a!!,ne+ "o h) .y "he la% a" "he
)o)en" o$ .r"h KDOMICI"E OF ORIGIN2
- "he (la#e a!!,ne+ "o h) .y la% a$"er .r"h on a##o*n" o$
a le,al +!a.l"y #a*!e+ $or n!"an#e .y )nor"y- n!an"y-
or )arra,e n "he #a!e o$ a %o)an or .e#a*!e he ha!
29 | ' a , e
ho)e "here KCONSTRCTIVE DOMICI"ECDOMICI"E B%
OPERATION OF "A!2
- "ha" "o %h#h- %henever he ! a.!en"- he n"en+! "o re"*rn
KDOMICI"E OF CHOICE9
/OMICILE OF ORI3IN K/OMICILIUM ORI3INS2
- a#B*re+ a" .r"h
- a((le! only "o n$an"!
- never #han,e! $or a (er!on ! .orn only on#e.
CONSTRUCTIVE /OMICILE K/OMICILIUM NECESSARIUM2
- ,ven a$"er .r"h
- all "ho!e %ho la#= #a(a#"y "o #hoo!e "her o%n +o)#le
Kn$an"!- )arre+ %o)en- +o"! an+ n!ane2
- Le,al +!a.l"e! (reven" "her )a=n, a #ho#e
- May #han,e $ro) ")e "o ")e- +e(en+n, *(on
#r#*)!"an#e!
/OMICILE OF C7OICE
- a re!*l" o$ "he vol*n"ary %ll an+ a#"on o$ "he (er!on
#on#erne+
'RINCI'LE OF ONL5 ONE /OMICILE
- No na"*ral (er!on #an have )ore "han one +o)#le a" a
")e %hle a (er!on )ay have )ore "han one re!+en#e-
"he Cvl Co+e re#o,nEe! only one +o)#leJ "he (la#e o$
ha."*al re!+en#e.
RESI/ENCE
- a )ore or le!! "e)(orary (la#e o$ a.o+e %h#h )ay .e
lo#a"e+ n !everal (la#e!
FOREI3N COURT T7EOR5
- In"erna"onal 'IN3'ON38 In"erna"onal Foo".all8 Revolvn,
/oor!8 ne@"r#a.le #r#le
- The R' #o*r"- n +e#+n, "he #a!e- %ll (*" "!el$ n "he
(o!"on o$ "he $ore,n #o*r" an+ %ha"ever "he $ore,n
#o*r" %ll +o re!(e#"n, "he #a!e- "he R' #o*r" %ll l=e%!e
+o.
T7EOR5 OF /ESISTMENT
- "he R' #o*r" 2e.i./. or refrai*. $ro) a((lyn, a $ore,n
la% .e#a*!e o$ "! i*a2e-uac+ .en, $o*n+e+ on a
+Ieren" .a!!. 7en#e- "he R' #o*r" a((le! "! n"ernal la%.
Or+nary Chl+ren
2: | ' a , e
- %"h an n"ra-*"erne l$e o$ a" lea!" 7 )on"h!.
- Mere .r"h ! !*A#en"
E@"raor+nary Chl+ren
- $ "he n"ra-*"erne l$e .e le!! "han 7 )on"h!
- "he #hl+ )*!" have lve+ $or a" lea!" 2: hr!. a$"er "!
#o)(le"e +elvery $ro) "he )a"ernal %o).
NCC Ar"#le :0. 0r"h +e"er)ne! (er!onal"y6 .*" "he #on#eve+
#hl+ !hall .e #on!+ere+ .orn $or all (*r(o!e! "ha" are $avora.le
"o "- (rov+e+ " .e .orn la"er %"h "he #on+"on! !(e#<e+ n
"he $ollo%n, ar"#le.
NCC Ar"#le :1. For #vl (*r(o!e!- "he $e"*! ! #on!+ere+ .orn $
"! ! alve a" "he ")e " ! #o)(le"ely +elvere+ $ro) "he
)o"herP! %o).. 7o%ever- $ "he $e"*! ha+ an n"ra-*"erne l$e o$
le!! "han 7 )on"h!- " ! no" +ee)e+ .orn $ " +e! %"hn 2: hr!.
a$"er "! #o)(le"e +elvery $ro) "he )a"ernal %o)..
're!*)("ve 'er!onal"y
- 'er!onal"y +oe! no" .e,n a" .r"h- " .e,n! a" #on#e("on.
I" ! e!!en"al "ha" .r"h !ho*l+ o##*r la"er- o"her%!e "he
$e"*! %ll .e #on!+ere+ a! never havn, (o!!e!!e+ le,al
(er!onal"y.
E)an#(a"on
- "a=e! (la#e .y "he a""an)en" o$ )aCor"y. Unle!!
o"her%!e (rov+e+- )aCor"y #o))en#e! a" "he a,e o$ 1>
yr!.
A.!en#e
- "he le,al !"a"*! o$ a (er!on %ho +!a((ear! $ro) h!
+o)#le- h! %herea.o*"! .en, *n=no%n
- Ar"#le 9>: o$ "he Cvl Co+eJ
2 year! havn, ela(!e+ %"ho*" any ne%! a.o*" "he
a.!en"ee or !n#e "he re#e(" o$ "he la!" ne%!- an+ ; year! n
#a!e "he a.!en"ee ha! le$" a (er!on n #har,e o$ "he
a+)n!"ra"on o$ h! (ro(er"y- h! ABSENCE )ay .e
+e#lare+.
- Ar"#le 9>6 o$ "he Cvl Co+eJ
The C*+#al +e#lara"on o$ a.!en#e !hall no" "a=e eIe#"
*n"l !@ )on"h! a$"er "! (*.l#a"on n a ne%!(a(er o$
,eneral #r#*la"on.
2; | ' a , e
'RESUM'TION OF /EAT7
Ar"#le 9?0. DORDINAR% ABSENCEE A$"er "he a.!en#e o$ 7
year!- " .en, *n=no%n %he"her or no" "he a.!en"ee !"ll lve!-
he !hall .e (re!*)e+ +ea+ $or all (*r(o!e!- e@#e(" "ho!e o$
!*##e!!on.
The a.!en"ee !hall no" .e (re!*)e+ DEAD for /,e 1ur1o.e of
o1e*i*) ,i. .ucce..io* "ll a$"er an a.!en#e o$ 8F +ear..
I$ he +!a((eare+ a$"er "he a,e o$ 7; year!- an a.!en#e o$ ;
year! !hall .e !*A#en" n or+er "ha" h! !*##e!!on )ay .e
o(ene+.
In or+nary a.!en#e- +ea"h ! (re!*)e+ "o have o##*rre+ on "he
la!" +ay o$ "he (ero+
In e@"raor+nary 8 B*al<e+ a.!en#e- +ea"h ! (re!*)e+ "o have
o##*rre+ a" "he .e,nnn, o$ "he (ero+.
SURVIVORS7I'
The r*le! on !*rvvor!h( are $o*n+ n Ar"#le :9 o$ "he Cvl
Co+e an+ n R*le 191 o$ "he R*le! o$ Co*r"J
Ar"#le :9 CC. I$ "here ! +o*."- a! .e"%een : or 0ore 1er.o*.
%ho are calle2 /o .uccee2 eac, o/,er- a! "o 3,ic, of /,e0
2ie2 Gr./- %hoever alle,e! "he +ea"h o$ one (ror "o "he o"her-
!hall (rove "he !a)e6
IN THE ABSENCE OF PROOF- " ! 1re.u0e2 "ha" THE% DIED
AT THE SAME TIME AND THERE SHA"" BE NO
TRANSMISSION OF RIGHTS FROM ONE TO THE OTHER.
R*le 191- Se#. 9 KCC2 R*le! o$ Co*r"J
When 2 or )ore (er!on! (er!h n "he !a)e #ala)"y- !*#h a!
%re#=- .a""le- or #on&a,ra"on- an+ " ! no" !ho%n %ho +e+
<r!"- an+ "here are no (ar"#*lar #r#*)!"an#e! $ro) %h#h "
#an .e n$erre+- "he !*rvvor!h( ! (re!*)e+ $ro) "he
(ro.a.l"e! re!*l"n, $ro) "he STRENGTH AND AGE OF THE
SE$ES- a##or+n, "o "he $ollo%n, r*le!J
1. $ .o"h %ere *n+er "he a,e o$ 1;- "he ol+er ! (re!*)e+ "o
have !*rvve+6
26 | ' a , e
2. $ .o"h %ere a.ove "he a,e o$ 60- "he yo*n,er ! (re!*)e+
"o have !*rvve+6
9. $ one ! *n+er 1; an+ "he o"her a.ove 60- "he $or)er !
(re!*)e+ "o have !*rvve+6
:. $ .o"h .e over 1; an+ *n+er 60- an+ "he !e@e! .e
+Ieren"- "he )ale ! (re!*)e+ "o have !*rvve+6 $ "he
!e@e! .e "he !a)e- "hen "he ol+er6
;. $ one .e *n+er 1; or over 60- an+ "he o"her .e"%een
"ho!e a,e!- "he la""er ! (re!*)e+ "o have !*rvve+.
MARRIA3E AS A CONTRACT
FACTUAL SITUATION 'OINT OF CONTACT
1. 2 $ #ele.ra"e+ a.roa+
Q .e"%een Fl(no!
Q .e"%een $ore,ner!
Q )@e+
1.2
LEF LOCI CELE0RATIONIS
K%"ho*" (reC*+#e "o "he
e@#e("on! *n+er .,a)o*!-
(oly,a)o*!- an+ n#e!"*o*!
)arra,e! an+ #on!*lar
)arra,e!
LEF LOCI CELE0RATIONIS
e@#e(" $ "he )arra,e !J
a2 7,hly ))oral Kl=e
.,a)o*! an+
(oly,a)o*!
)arra,e!2
.2 Unver!ally
#on!+ere+
n#e!"*o*!- e.- .e".
0ro"her! an+ !!"er!
an+ .e". A!#en+an"!
an+ +e!#en+an"!.
LEF LOCI CELE0RATIONIS
e@#e(" $ "he )arra,e !J
#2 7,hly ))oral Kl=e
.,a)o*! an+
(oly,a)o*!
)arra,e!2
+2 Unver!ally
#on!+ere+
n#e!"*o*!- e.- .e".
0ro"her! an+ !!"er!
27 | ' a , e
an+ .e". A!#en+an"!
an+ +e!#en+an"!.
- TO U'7OL/ T7E VALI/IT5 OF
T7E MARRIA3E.
I$ #ele.ra"e+ n "he 'hl((ne!
.e"%een $ore,ner!
)@e+
NATIONAL LAW (rov+e+ "he
)arra,e ! no" h,hly ))oral
or *nver!ally #on!+ere+
n#e!"*o*!
NATIONAL LAW o$ "he Fl(no
Ko"her%!e (*.l# (ol#y )ay
.e )l"a"e+ a,an!"2
Marra,e .y (ro@y K#ele.ra"e+
%here "he (ro@y a((ear!2
LEF LOCI CELE0RATIONIS K%"h
(reC*+#e "o "he $ore,on,
r*le!2
MARRIA3E AS A STATUS
FACTUAL SITUATION 'OINT OF CONTACT
12 'er!onal R,h"! an+
O.l,a"on! .e"%een "he
7*!.an+ an+ "he W$e
NATIONAL LAW OF T7E
7US0AN/
No"eJ EIe#" o$ !*.!eB*en"
#han,e o$ na"onal"y
a2 $ .o"h %ll have a ne%
#o))on na"onal"y- T7E
NEW ONE6
.2 $ only one %ll #han,e-
T7E LAST COMMON
NATIONALIT5
#2 $ "here %a! never any
#o))on na"onal"y- T7E
NATIONAL LAW OF T7E
7US0AN/ AT T7E TIME
OF T7E WE//IN3
22 'ro(er"y Rela"on! .e"%een
"he 7*!.an+ an+ "he W$e
NATIONAL LAW OF T7E
7US0AN/- %8o (reC*+#e "o Ar".
>0 o$ "he FC- "o %"J
In "he a.!en#e o$ a #on"rary
!"(*la"on n a )arra,e
!e""le)en"- "he (ro(er"y
2> | ' a , e
rela"on! o$ "he !(o*!e! !hall
.e ,overne+ .y R' la%!-
re,ar+le!! o$ "he (la#e o$ "he
#ele.ra"on o$ "he )arra,e
an+ "her re!+en#e.
Th! r*le !hall no" a((lyJ
12 Where .o"h !(o*!e! are
alen!6
22 W"h re!(e#" "o "he
e@"rn!# val+"y o$
#on"ra#"! aIe#"n,
(ro(er"y no" !"*a"e+ n
"he R' an+ e@e#*"e+ n
"he #o*n"ry %here "he
(ro(er"y ! lo#a"e+.
92 W"h re!(e#" "o "he
e@"rn!# val+"y o$
#on"ra#"! en"ere+ n"o n
"he R' .*" aIe#"n,
(ro(er"y !"*a"e+ n a
$ore,n #o*n"ry %ho!e
la%! reB*re +Ieren"
$or)al"e! $or "! e@"rn!#
val+"y.
EIe#" o$ Chan,e o$ Na"onal"y-
No EFFECT a##+,. To "he
/o#"rne o$ ))*"a.l"y n "he
)a"r)onal (ro(er"y re,)e.
Ar"#le 9?1. The $ollo%n, !hall .e (re!*)e+ +ea+ $or all
(*r(o!e!- n#l*+n, "he +v!on o$ "he e!"a"e a)on, "he her!J
1. A (er!on on .oar+ a 6e..el lo!" +*rn, a .ea 6o+a)e- or
on an air1la*e %h#h ! 0i..i*)- %ho ha! no" .een hear+
$or < +ear. !n#e "he lo!! o$ "he ve!!el or ar(lane6
2. a (er!on n "he ar0e2 force. %ho ha! "a=en (ar" n 3ar-
an+ ha! .een )!!n, $or < +ear..
2? | ' a , e
9. a (er!on %ho ha! .een i* 2a*)er of 2ea/, *n+er o/,er
circu0./a*ce. an+ h! e?i./e*ce ,a. *o/ bee*
H*o3*- $or < +ear..
D*r+#al D*r!+#"on
- a*"hor"y "o hear an+ +e"er)ne a le,al #on"rover!y.
- The C*r!+#"on o$ o*r "r.*nal! o$ C*!"#e ! ,overne+ .y
o*r o%n la% on "he )a""er.
Le,!la"ve D*r!+#"on
- "he a*"hor"y "o ena#" la%!
- "he #o)(e"en#e o$ a (er!onP! na"onal la% "o ,overn h!
!"a"*!
Co)(*l!ory R*le
- " ! IMPERATIVE $or "he (ar"e! "o $ollo% "he $or)al"e!
o$ "he P"ACE OF CE"EBRATION
O("onal R*le
- "he (ar"e! )ay $ollo% EITHER THE "E$ "OCI
CE"EBRATIONIS OR THEIR NATIONA" "A!
E##le!a!"#al R*le
- "he $or)al"e! o$ BOTH THE "E$ "OCI CE"EBRATIONIS
AND THE NATIONA" "A! o$ "he (ar"e! )*!" .e
#o)(le+ %"h
Co))on-La% Marra,e
- "he lvn,-n "o,e"her or "he #ele.ra"on o$ a )an an+ a
%o)an a! h*!.an+ an+ %$e %"ho*" ,e""n, )arre+
Marra,e .y 'ro@y
- One %here one o$ "he (ar"e! ! )erely re(re!en"e+ a" "he
#ere)ony .y a $ren+ or +ele,a"e
A.!ol*"e Co))*n"y Re,)e
- Al)o!" all "he (ro(er"e! o$ "he )arra,e are o%ne+ n
#o))on .y "he h*!.an+ an+ "he %$e
Rela"ve Co))*n"y Re,)e8Co))*n"y 'ar"ner!h( o$ 3an! or
"he 3anan#al Sy!"e)
- every"hn, earne+ +*rn, "he )arra,e .elon, "o "he
#onC*,al (ar"ner!h(
Co)(le"e Se(ara"on o$ 'ro(er"y Re,)e!
- ea#h o%n! h!8her earnn,!
90 | ' a , e
/o"al or /o%ry Sy!"e)
- "he %$e- .e$ore "he )arra,e- +elver! a +o%ry or (ro(er"y
"o "he h*!.an+ "o hel( o*" n "he )arra,e o.l,a"on!- .*"
la"er- %hen "he )arra,e ! +!!olve+- "he (ro(er"y o$ "!
val*e )*!" .e re"*rne+.
Co)(le"e A.!or("on or A+)n!"ra"on .y "he h*!.an+
- "he h*!.an+ o%n! all "he (ro(er"e! o$ "he )arra,e- .*"
he ! la.le $or all "he +e."!
Mar"al A+)n!"ra"on Sy!"e)
- ea#h !(o*!e !"ll o%n! h!8her (ro(er"y- .*" "he h*!.an+
a+)n!"er! all "he (ro(er"e!.
I))*"a.l"y o$ Ma"r)onal 'ro(er"y Re,)e /o#"rne
- REGARD"ESS OF CHANGE OF NATIONA"IT% on "he
(ar" o$ "he h*!.an+ or "he %$e or .o"h- THE ORIGINA"
PROPERT% REGIME AT THE START OF THE MARRIAGE
REMAINS(
M*"a.l"y o$ La%
- %hen "he la% o$ "he or,nal na"onal"y "!el$ #han,e!- "he
)ar"al re,)e- "he (ro(er"y rela"on!h(- ha! "o #han,e
a##or+n,ly.
- Th! #anno" .e hel(e+ $or la% ! e!!en"ally a +yna)#
"hn,6
- 7o%ever- ve!"e+ r,h"! )*!" .e +*ly (ro"e#"e+.
So#ally ,ro"e!B*e !"*a"on
- a !"*a"on %here a Fl(no %o)an ! !"ll )arre+ "o a )an
%ho ! no lon,er her h*!.an+
A.an+on)en"
- Synony)o*! "o CRIMINAL /ESERTION
- A h*!.an+P! or %$eP! 3illful failure 3i/,ou/ Au./ cau.e
"o (rov+e $or "he #are- (ro"e#"on or !*((or" o$ a !(o*!e
%ho ! !"ll n ll heal"h or ne#e!!"o*! #r#*)!"an#e!
- In#l*+e! .o"h "he n"en"on "o a.an+on an+ "he e@"ernal
a#" .y %h#h "he n"en"on ! #arre+ n"o eIe#".
0I3AM5
- #o))""e+ .y any (er!on %ho !hall #on"ra#" a !e#on+ or
!*.!eB*en" )arra,e .e$ore "he $or)er )arra,e ha! .een
le,ally +!!olve+- or
91 | ' a , e
- %ho !hall #on"ra#" a !e#on+ or !*.!eB*en" )arra,e
.e$ore "he a.!en" !(o*!e ha! .een +e#lare+
(re!*)("vely +ea+ .y )ean! o$ a C*+,)en" ren+ere+ n
"he (ro(er (ro#ee+n,!.
Se@*al In<+el"y
- Un$a"h$*lne!! n )arra,e
- A+*l"ery an+ #on#*.na,e are en#o)(a!!e+ n "he "er)
Se@*al (erver!on
- an a.nor)al"y .y a (er!on n )a""er! o$ !e@
're-)ar"al Se@
- n+*l,n, .y an *n)arre+ #o*(le n !e@*al n"er#o*r!e
(ror "o ,e""n, )arre+.
A+*l"ery
- vol*n"ary !e@*al n"er#o*r!e o$ a )arre+ (er!on o"her
"han "he oIen+erP! h*!.an+ or %$e
- #o))""e+ .y a )arre+ %o)an %ho !hall have !e@*al
n"er#o*r!e %"h a )an no" her h*!.an+6 an+ .y a )an
%ho ha! #arnal =no%le+,e o$ her- =no%n, her "o .e
)arre+- even $ "he )arra,e .e !*.!eB*en"ly +e#lare+
vo+.
O'EN AN/ NOTORIOUS A/ULTER5
- The (ar"e! )*!" re!+e "o,e"her (*.l#ly n "he $a#e o$
!o#e"y a! $ #onC*,al rela"on! e@!"e+ .e"%een "he)- an+
"her !o lvn, an+ "he $a#" "ha" "hey are no" h*!.an+ an+
%$e )*!" .e =no%n n "he #o))*n"y
Con#*.na,e
- #o))""e+ .y any h*!.an+ %ho K12!hall =ee( a )!"re!! n
"he #onC*,al +%elln, or K22have !e@*al n"er#o*r!e *n+er
!#an+alo*! #r#*)!"an#e! %"h a %o)an no" h! %$e-
K92#oha." %"h her n any o"her (la#e.
ILLICIT CO7A0ITATION
- "he lvn, "o,e"her a! )an an+ %$e o$ "%o (er!on! %ho
are no" la%$*lly )arre+ %"h "he )(l#a"on "ha" "hey
ha."*ally (ra#"#e $orn#a"on K*nla%$*l !e@*al n"er#o*r!e
.e"%een "%o *n)arre+ (er!on!2.
ATTEM'T 05 ONE S'OUSE A3AINST T7E LIFE OF T7E OT7ER
- "he a""e)(" )*!" no" .e C*!"<e+ a! n "he #a!e o$ la%$*l
!el$-+e$en!e6 nor )*!" " .e one %here "he a""e)(" %a!
92 | ' a , e
)a+e .e#a*!e "he o"her %a! #a*,h" n &a,ran"e +el#"o
%"h a lover. The a""e)(" )*!" .e one o$ a""e)("e+ or
$r*!"ra"e+ (arr#+e- no" one #a*!e+ .y ne,l,en#e $or n
"he la""er #a!e- " #anno" .e !a+ "ha" "here %a! an
a""e)(".
No"eJ
Ar". ;?. FCJ No le,al !e(ara"on )ay .e +e#ree+ *nle!! "he
Co*r" ha! "a=en !"e(! "o%ar+ "he re#on#la"on o$ "he !(o*!e!
an+ ! $*lly !a"!<e+- +e!("e !*#h eIor"!- "ha" re#on#la"on !
h,hly )(ro.a.le.
/e$en!e! n Le,al Se(ara"onJ
a2 Co*2o*a/io*- $or,vene!!- e@(re!! or )(le+. M*!" .e
$ree- vol*n"ary- an+ no" n+*#e+ .y +*re!! or $ra*+
.2 Co*.e*/- )ay .e e@(re!! or )(le+. M*!" .e *n#lo*+e+
.y $ra*+- +*re!!- or !o)e")e! even )!"a=e
c9 Co**i6a*ce
+2 Recri0i*a/io* or 0u/ual )uil/- a #har,e )a+e .y an
a##*!e+ (er!on a,an!" "he a##*!er6 n (ar"#*lar- a
#o*n"er#har,e o$ a+*l"ery or #on#*.na,e )a+e .y one
#har,e+ %"h "he !a)e oIen!e n a !*" $or le,al
!e(ara"on- a,an!" "he (er!on %ho ha! #har,e+ h) or
her.
e2 Collu.io*- Ar". 60 o$ FCJ No +e#ree o$ le,al !e(ara"on
!hall .e (ro)*l,a"e+ *(on !"(*la"on o$ $a#"! or a
#on$e!!on o$ C*+,)en". Th! ! an a,ree)en" %here.y one
(ar"y %ll (re"en+ "o have #o))""e+ "he ,ro*n+ rele+
*(on.
$2 Pre.cri1/io*- Ar". ;7- FCJ An a#"on $or le,al !e(ara"on
!hall .e <le+ %"hn ; year! $ro) "he ")e o$ "he
o##*rren#e o$ "he #a*!e. Nee+ no" .e alle,e+.
No"eJ
Ar". ;> FCJ An a#"on $or le,al !e(ara"on !hall n no #a!e .e
"re+ .e$ore 6 )on"h! !hall have ela(!e+ !n#e "he <ln, o$ "he
(e""on.
The N#ooln,-oI (ero+O K6 )on"h!2 ! "he (ero+ o$ ")e n
%h#h no a#"on )ay .e "a=en .y e"her !+e!.
'*r(o!eJ "o ena.le "he (ar"e! "o #ool-oI.
99 | ' a , e
Ar". 61 FCJ A$"er "he <ln, o$ "he (e""on $or le,al !e(ara"on-
"he !(o*!e! !hall .e en""le+ "o lve !e(ara"ely $ro) ea#h o"her.
The #o*r"- n "he a.!en#e o$ a %r""en a,ree)en" .e"%een "he
!(o*!e!- !hall +e!,na"e e"her o$ "he) or a "hr+ (er!on "o
a+)n!"er "he a.!ol*"e #o))*n"y or #onC*,al (ar"ner!h(
(ro(er"y. The a+)n!"ra"or a((on"e+ .y "he #o*r" !hall have
"he !a)e (o%er! an+ +*"e! a! "ho!e o$ a ,*ar+an *n+er "he
R*le! o$ Co*r".
No"eJ The !(o*!e!- %hle )ay .e en""le+ "o lve !e(ara"ely $ro)
ea#h o"her a$"er "he <ln, o$ "he (e""on- are no" reB*re+ "o +o
!o.
EIe#"! o$ le,al !e(ara"onJ
89 S(o*!e! )ay li6e .e1ara/el+
:9 Marria)e bo*2. *o/ .e6ere2
;9 The a.!ol*"e #o))*n"y or "he #onC*,al (ar"ner!h(
!hall .e 2i..ol6e2 a*2 li-ui2a/e2
<9 The oIen+n, !(o*!e !hall have *o ri),/ /o a*+
.,are of /,e *e/ 1roG/. ear*e2 by "he a.!ol*"e
#o))*n"y or "he #onC*,al (ar"ner!h(- %h#h !hall
.e $or$e"e+ Kn a##or+an#e %"h "he (rov!on! o$ Ar".
:92
=9 The cu./o2+ of /,e 0i*or c,il2re* !hall .e
a%ar+e+ "o "he nno#en" !(o*!e- !*.Ce#" "o Ar". 219
o$ FC
I9 The oIen+n, !(o*!e !hall .e 2i.-ualiGe2 fro0
i*,eri/i*) fro0 /,e i**oce*/ .1ou.e b+
i*/e./a/e .ucce..io*.
J9 The 1ro6i.io*. i* fa6or of /,e oKe*2i*) .1ou.e
0a2e i* /,e 3ill o$ "he nno#en" one !hall .e
revo=e+ .y o(era"on o$ la%. K"he (rov!on! o$ "he
%ll .en, re$erre+ "o here are (rov!on! )a+e 'RIOR
TO an+ NOT AFTER "he +e#ree o$ le,al !e(ara"on6
o"her%!e " #anno" .e !a+ "ha" "he +e#ree revo=e!
any (rov!on- $or "he %ll ha+ no" ye" .een )a+e.2
TWO T7IN3S T7AT MA5 0E REVOLE/ 05 T7E INNOCENT
S'OUSEJ
9: | ' a , e
12 /ona"on! )a+e n $avor o$ "he oIen+n, !(o*!e K)*!" .e
.ro*,h" %"hn ; year! $ro) "he ")e "he +e#ree o$ le,al
!e(ara"on ha! .e#o)e <nal26 an+
22 /e!,na"on o$ "he oIen+n, !(o*!e a! .ene<#ary n "he
n!*ran#e #on"ra#"! o$ "he nno#en" !(o*!e.
Con+ona"on
- $or,vene!!- e@(re!! or )(le+
- "o #on!""*"e val+ +e$en!e- " )*!" .e $ree- vol*n"ary- an+
no" n+*#e+ .y +*re!! or $ra*+.
RECRIMINATION OR MUTUAL 3UILT
- a #har,e )a+e .y an a##*!e+ (er!on a,an!" "he a##*!er
- a #o*n"er #har,e o$ an a+*l"ery or #on#*.na,e )a+e .y
one #har,e+ %"h "he !a)e oIen!e n a !*" $or le,al
!e(ara"on- a,an!" "he (er!on %ho ha! #har,e+ h) or
her.
COLLUSION
- an a,ree)en" %here.y one (ar"y %ll (re"en+ "o have
#o))""e+ "he ,ro*n+ rele+ *(on.
RECONCILIATION
- a .la"eral a#"- reB*rn, #o))on #on!en"- %he"her
e@(re!! or )(le+.
- In la% o$ +o)e!"# rela"on!- re#on#la"on ! a vol*n"ary
re!*)("on o$ )ar"al rela"on! n "he $*lle!" !en!e.
- Shall have "he I. #on!eB*en#e!J
a. The le)al 1rocee2i*).> if ./ill 1e*2i*)> .,all
/,ereb+ be /er0i*a/e2 n %ha"ever !"a,e6
.. The G*al 2ecree of le)al .e1ara/io* .,all be .e/
a.i2e- .*" "he .e1ara/io* of 1ro1er/+ a*2 a*+
for forfei/ure of /,e .,are of /,e )uil/+ .1ou.e
alrea2+ eKec/e2 .,all .ub.i./- *nle!! "he !(o*!e!
a,ree "o revve "her (ro(er"y re,)e.
CONSAN3UINIT5
- =n!h(
- .loo+ rela"on!h(
- "he #onne#"on or rela"on o$ (er!on! +e!#en+e+ $ro) "he
!a)e !"o#= or #o))on an#e!"or.
AFFINIT5
- #onne#"on e@!"n, n #on!eB*en#e o$ a )arra,e-
.e"%een ea#h o$ "he )arre+ (er!on! an+ "he =n+re+ o$
"he o"her.
9; | ' a , e
Lneal Con!an,*n"y
- !*.!!"! .e"%een (er!on! o$ %ho) one ! +e!#en+e+ n a
+re#" lne $ro) "he o"her an+ !o *(%ar+! n "he +re#"
a!#en+n, lne an+ !o +o%n%ar+! n "he +re#" +e!#en+n,
lne.
COLLATERAL CONSAN3UINIT5
- S*.!!"! .e"%een (er!on! %ho have "he !a)e an#e!"or!-
.*" %ho +o no" +e!#en+ or a!#en+ one $ro) "he o"her
/IRECT AFFINIT5
- !*.!!"! .e"%een "he h*!.an+P! an+ h! %$eP! rela"on! .y
.loo+- or .e"%een "he %$e an+ "he h*!.an+P! rela"on! .y
.loo+.
SECON/AR5 AFFINIT5
- !*.!!"! .e"%een "he h*!.an+P! an+ h! %$eP! rela"on! .y
)arra,e
COLLATERAL AFFINIT5
- S*.!!"! .e"%een "he h*!.an+ an+ "he rela"on! o$ h!
%$eP! rela"on!
ENUMERATION
Ele)en"! o$ 'rva"e In"erna"onal La%J
1. Con&#" o$ la%! ! "ha" (ar" o$ "he )*n#(al la% o$ "he
S"a"e
2. The +re#"on "o Co*r"! an+ A+)n!"ra"ve a,en#e!
9. A le,al (ro.le) nvolvn, a $ore,n ele)en"
:. The a((l#a"on or non-a((l#a"on o$ $ore,n la%8$ore,n
la%!
I)(or"an#e o$ Con&#" o$ La%!
1. To a+C*!" #on&#"n, r,h"! n n"erna"onal )er#an"le an+
#or(ora"e "ran!a#"on!
96 | ' a , e
2. To !olve (er!onal- $a)ly- (ro(er"y an+ !*##e!!onal
#on"ra#"*al (ro.le)!- (o!!e!!e+ o$ $a#"! or ele)en"!
o(era"n, n "%o or )ore !"a"e!.
S#o(e o$ F*n#"on! o$ Con&#" o$ La%!
1. To 1re.cribe /,e co*2i/io*. *n+er %h#h "he #o*r" !
#o)(e"en" "o en"er"an !*#h a !*"
2. To 2e/er0i*e $or ea#h #a!e! "he 1ar/icular /erri/orial
.+./e0 of la3 .y re$eren#e "o %h#h "he r,h"! o$ "he
(ar"e! )*!" .e a!#er"ane+
9. To .1ecif+ /,e circu0./a*ce. n %h#h a $ore,n
C*+,)en" #an .e re#o,nEe+ a! a +e#!ve o$ "he B*e!"on
n +!(*"e
In o"her %or+!-
1. The +e"er)na"on o$ %h#h #o*n"ry ha! C*r!+#"on
2. The a((l#a.l"y "o a (ar"#*lar #a!e o$ e"her "he lo#al or
"he $ore,n la%
9. The +e"er)na"on o$ "he $or#e- val+"y an+ eIe#"vene!!
o$ a $ore,n C*+,)en"
Why #on&#" o$ la% ! o.!erve+S
8( S"a"e! )*!" o$ ne#e!!"y o.!erve "he !*.Ce#" .e#a*!e i/ i.
1ar/ of /,eir 0u*ici1al la3( S*rely- a ,overn)en"-
any%here an+ any")e- ! +*"y .o*n+ "o en$or#e an+
re!(e#" "! o%n )*n#(al le,!la"on
:( n+v+*al! o.!erve " .e#a*!e o$ fear of 0u*ici1al
.a*c/io*.
SOURCES OF CONFLICT OF LAWS
1. In+re#"
- Na"*ral Moral La%
- Wor= o$ Wr"er!
2. /re#"
- Con!""*"on!
- Co+<#a"on!
- S(e#al La%!
- Trea"e! an+ Conven"on!
- D*+#al /e#!on!
- In"erna"onal C*!"o)!
Ln+! o$ D*r!+#"on
97 | ' a , e
1. D*r!+#"on over "he !*.Ce#" )a""er
2. D*r!+#"on over "he (er!on
9. D*r!+#"on over "he re!
Rea!on! $or Re$*!al "o A!!*)e D*r!+#"onJ For*) Non
Convenen!
8( "he e6i2e*ce a*2 /,e 3i/*e..e. )ay *o/ be rea2il+
a6ailable
:( "he cour/ 2ocHe/. o$ "he $or*) )ay alrea+y .e clo))e26
"o (er)" a++"onal #a!e! %o*l+ nev"a.ly ,a01er "he
.1ee2+ a20i*i./ra/io* of Au./ice
;( "he evl! o$ foru0 .,o11i*)
A((l#a"on o$ "he In"ernal or /o)e!"# La%
8( %hen "he la3 of /,e foru0 e@(re!!ly .o 1ro6i2e. n "!
#on&#"! r*le!
:( %hen "he (ro(er forei)* la3 ,a. *o/ bee* 1ro1erl+
1lea2e2 a*2 1ro6e2
;( %hen "he #a!e i*6ol6e. a*+ of /,e e?ce1/io*. /o /,e
a11lica/io* o$ "he (ro(er $ore,n la%
E@#e("on! To The A((l#a"on O$ Fore,n La%
12 When "he $ore,n la%- C*+,)en" or #on"ra#" !J
- Con"rary "o al)o!" u*i6er.all+ co*ce2e2 1ri*ci1le.
of 0orali/+ K#on"ra .ono! )ore!2
- Con"rary "o a .ou*2 a*2 e./abli.,e2 1ublic 1olic+
o$ "he $or*)
- Involve! 1roce2ural 0a//er.
22 When "he #a!e nvolve!J
- Pe*al la%!- #on"ra#"! an+ C*+,)en"!
- '*rely G.cal or a20i*i./ra/i6e )a""er!
- Real or 1er.o*al 1ro1er/+ !"*a"e+ n "he $or*)
92 When "he a((l#a"on o$ "he $ore,n la%- C*+,)en"- or
#on"ra#"J
- May %or= u*2e*iable i*Au./ice "o "he #"Een! or
re!+en"! o$ "he $or*)
- May %or= a)ai*./ /,e 6i/al i*/ere./. a*2 *a/io*al
.ecuri/+ o$ "he !"a"e o$ "he $or*)
Pro6i*) of a !ri//e* Forei)* "a3
1. 0y an OFFICIA" PB"ICATION "hereo$6
9> | ' a , e
2. 0y a COP% ATTESTE/ 05 T7E OFFICER 7AVIN3 T7E LE3AL
CUSTO/5 OF T7E RECOR/- or .y h! +e(*"y- an+
a##o)(ane+ %"h a CERTIFICATE T7AT SUC7 OFFICER 7AS
CUSTO/5
Pro6i*) of a* *3ri//e* "a3
1. 0y "he ORA" TESTIMON% o$ e@(er" %"ne!!e!
2. 0y PRINTED AND PB"ISHED BOOKS OF REPORTS OF
DECISIONS o$ "he #o*n"ry nvolve+- $ (rove+ "o .e
#o))only a+)""e+ n !*#h #o*r"!
Theore! on Why "he Fore,n La% )ay n So)e Ca!e! 0e 3ven
EIe#"
1. Theory o$ Co)"y
2. Theory o$ Ve!"e+ R,h"!
9. Theory o$ Lo#al La%
:. Theory o$ 7ar)ony o$ La%!
;. Theory o$ D*!"#e
Ln+! o$ Co)"y
8( 0a!e+ on Reci1roci/+
:( 0a!e+ on "he 1er.ua.i6e*e.. o$ $ore,n C*+,)en"
Rea!on! %hy no" all $ore,n C*+,)en"! #an .e re#o,nEe+ or
en$or#e+ n o*r #o*n"ry
8( The reB*!"e 1roof "hereo$ )ay *o/ be a2e-ua/e
:( They )ay co*/ra6e*e o*r e!"a.l!he+ 1ublic 1olic+
;( They )ay co*/ra2ic/ o*e a*o/,erJ one #anno" .e
,*+e+ .y #on"ra+#"on!
<( The a20i*i./ra/io* of Au./ice 0a+ be .,ocHi*)l+
corru1/ n !o)e #o*n"re!
Con+"on! an+ ReB*!"e! 0e$ore Fore,n D*+,)en"! )ay .e
Re#o,nEe+ an+ En$or#e+ n "he 'hl((ne!
8( Proof of Forei)* &u2)0e*/ KFor re#o,n"on- "here ! no
ne#e!!"y $or a !e(ara"e a#"on or (ro#ee+n,
:( "he C*+,)en" )*!" .e on ci6il or co00ercial 0a//er
;( No lacH o$ Auri.2ic/io*- No 3a*/ of *o/ice- No
collu.io*- No frau2- No clear 0i./aHe of la3 or fac/
<( The C*+,)en" 0u./ *o/ co*/ra6e*e a .ou*2 a*2
e./abli.,e2 1ublic 1olic+ o$ "he $or*)
The ReB*!"e! $or Re! D*+#a"a
8( The C*+,)en" )*!" .e G*al
9? | ' a , e
:( The #o*r" ren+ern, "he C*+,)en" )*!" have Auri.2ic/io*
over "he !*.Ce#" )a""er an+ "he (ar"e!
;( The C*+,)en" )*!" .e o* /,e 0eri/.
<( There )*!" .e +en""y o$ (ar"e!- o$ !*.Ce#" )a""er- an+ o$
#a*!e o$ a#"on
Ln+! o$ Con&#"! R*le
1. One-S+e+ R*le8 Unla"eral R*le
2. All-!+e+ R*le8 M*l"la"eral R*le
Fa#"or! Wh#h 3ve R!e "o "he 'ro.le) o$ Chara#"erEa"on
1. /Ieren" le,al !y!"e)! a""a#h "o "he !a)e le,al "er) %"h
2iKere*/ 0ea*i*).6
2. /Ieren" le,al !y!"e)! )ay #on"an +ea! or #on#e("on!
co01le/el+ u*H*o3* "o one ano"her
9. /Ieren" le,al !y!"e)! a((ly 2iKere*/ 1ri*ci1le. $or "he
!ol*"on o$ (ro.le)! %h#h- n ,eneral "er)!- are o$
#o))on na"*re
S"e(! n Chara#"erEa"on KA##or+n, "o /ean Fal#on.r+,e2
1. Chara#"erEa"on o$ "he B*e!"on!
2. Sele#"on o$ "he (ro(er la%
9. A((l#a"on o$ "he (ro(er la%
S"e(! n Chara#"erEa"on KA##or+n, "o E+,ar+o 'ara!2
8( /e"er)na"on o$ "he fac/. nvolve+
:( C,arac/eri4a/io* o$ "he $a#"*al !"*a"on
;( /e"er)na"on o$ "he co*Lic/. rule %h#h ! "o .e a((le+
<( Chara#"erEa"on o$ "he 1oi*/ of co*/ac/ or /,e
co**ec/i*) fac/or
=( Chara#"erEa"on o$ "he (ro.le) a! 1roce2ural or
.ub./a*/i6e
I( 1lea2i*) a*2 1ro6i*) o$ "he (ro(er $ore,n la%
J( a11lica/io* o$ "he (ro(er $ore,n la% "o "he (ro.le)
Theore! n Chara#"erEa"on K/UAL LT2
1. LEF FORI
2. LEF CAUSAE
9. UNIVERSAL ANAL5TICAL
:. /UAL T7EOR5 OF LEF FORI AN/ LEF CAUSAE
;. AUTONOMOUS T7EOR5
6. TOTALIT5 T7EOR5
T%o =n+! o$ #a(a#"yJ
1. #a(a#"y "o a#"
:0 | ' a , e
2. C*r+#al #a(a#"y
Chara#"er!"#! o$ S"a"*!J KCCU'S2
8( co*ferre2 (rn#(ally .y "he S"a"e
:( a )a""er o$ 1ublic or .ocial i*/ere./
;( a #on#e(" o$ .ocial or2er
<( ca**o/ be ea.il+ /er0i*a/e2 a" "he )ere %ll or +e!re
o$ "he (ar"e! #on#erne+
=( ,enerally !*((o!e+ "o have a u*i6er.al c,arac/er
T7EORIES ON 'ERSONAL LAW OR T7E LAW T7AT S7OUL/
3OVERN STATUS AN/ CA'ACIT5 IN 3ENERAL
1. Na"onal"y Theory- 'er!onal Theory
2. /o)#lary Theory- Terr"oral Theory
9. S"*! Theory- E#le#"# Theory
9 Ln+! o$ C"Een! o$ "he 'hl((ne!
1. Na"*ral-.orn
2. Na"*ralEe+
9. C"Een .y ele#"on
2 Theore! on Whe"her 'la#e or An#e!"ry /e"er)ne! C"Een!h(
1. D*! Sol
2. D*! San,*n!
C"Een! o$ "he 'hl((ne! Un+er "he 1?>7 Con!""*"on
1. Tho!e %ho are #"Een! o$ "he 'hl((ne! a" "he ")e o$ "he
a+o("on o$ "he 1?>7 Con!""*"on
2. Tho!e %ho!e $a"her! or )o"her! are #"Een! o$ "he
'hl((ne!
9. Tho!e .orn .e$ore 17 Dan*ary 1?79- o$ Fl(no )o"her!-
%ho ele#" 'hl((ne #"Een!h( *(on rea#hn, "he a,e o$
)aCor"y
:. "ho!e %ho are na"*ralEe+ n a##or+an#e %"h la%.
H*al<#a"on! $or Na"*ralEa"on
1. AGE. The (e""oner )*!" no" .e le!! "han 21 year! ol+ on
"he +a"e o$ "he hearn, o$ "he (e""on
2. RESIDENCE. he )*!" have re!+e+ n "he 'hl((ne! $or a
#on"n*o*! (ero+ o$ no" le!! "han 10 year!.
9. MORA". 7e )*!" .e o$ ,oo+ )oral #hara#"er an+
:1 | ' a , e
:. CONSTI. 7e )*!" .eleve n "he (rn#(le! *n+erlyn, "he
'hl((ne Con!""*"on
;. CONDCT. he )*!" have #on+*#"e+ h)!el$ n a (ro(er
an+ rre(roa#ha.le )anner +*rn, "he en"re (ero+ o$ h!
re!+en#e n "he 'hl((ne! n h! rela"on %"h "he
#on!""*"e+ ,overn)en" a! %ell a! %"h "he #o))*n"y n
%h#h he ! lvn,.
6. PROPERT%. he )*!" have a real e!"a"e n "he 'hl((ne!
%or"h no" le!! "han '7';-000.00 OR )*!" have !o)e
l*#ra"ve "ra+e- (ro$e!!on- or la%$*l o##*(a"on.
7. "ANGAGE. he )*!" .e a.le "o !(ea= an %r"e En,l!h or
S(an!h an+ any one o$ "he (rn#(al 'hl((ne lan,*a,e!
>. MINORS. he )*!" have enrolle+ h! )nor #hl+ren o$
!#hool a,e n any o$ "he (*.l# !#hool!8(rva"e !#hool!
re#o,nEe+ .y "he 0*rea* o$ 'rva"e S#hool! %here R'
h!"ory- ,overn)en"- an+ #v#! are "a*,h" or (re!#r.e+ a!
(ar" o$ "he !#hool #*rr#*l*) +*rn, "he en"re (ero+ o$
"he re!+en#e reB*re+ o$ h)- (ror "o "he hearn, o$ "he
(e""on.
9 Ln+! o$ /o)#le
1. +o)#le o$ or,n
2. #on!"r*#"ve +o)#le
9. +o)#le o$ #ho#e
'ro(o!e+ Sol*"on "o "he Renvo
1. ReCe#" "he Renvo
2. A##e(" "he Renvo
9. Follo% "he Theory o$ /e!!")en"8 )*"*al +!#la)er o$
C*r!+#"on "heory- "o %"J
T7EOR5 OF /ESISTMENT
- "he R' #o*r" 2e.i./. or refrai*. $ro) a((lyn, a $ore,n
la% .e#a*!e o$ "! i*a2e-uac+ .en, $o*n+e+ on a
+Ieren" .a!!. 7en#e- "he R' #o*r" a((le! "! n"ernal la%.
:. )a=e *!e o$ "he $ore,n #o*r" "heory- "o %"J
FOREI3N COURT T7EOR5
- In"erna"onal 'IN3'ON38 In"erna"onal Foo".all8 Revolvn,
/oor!8 ne@"r#a.le #r#le
- The R' #o*r"- n +e#+n, "he #a!e- %ll (*" "!el$ n "he
(o!"on o$ "he $ore,n #o*r" an+ %ha"ever "he $ore,n
:2 | ' a , e
#o*r" %ll +o re!(e#"n, "he #a!e- "he R' #o*r" %ll l=e%!e
+o.
E)an#(a"on "a=e! (la#e .yJ
8( Marria)e o$ "he )nor
:( a""an)en" o$ "he a)e of 0aAori/+
;( 1are*/al #on#e!!on
<( Au2icial #on#e!!on
AS'ECTS OF MARRIA3E
1. A! a #on"ra#"
2. A! a *non- a !"a"*!- a le,al rela"on
S*.!"an"al or E!!en"al ReB*!"e! o$ Marra,e o$ Fl(no!
8( le)al ca1aci/+ o$ "he #on"ra#"n, (ar"e!
:( co*.e*/ o$ "he #on"ra#"n, (ar"e! $reely ,ven
;( 0arria)e lice*.e- e@#e(" n )arra,e o$ e@#e("onal
#a!e!
<( au/,ori/+ o$ "he (er!on !ole)nEn, "he )arra,e
=( )arra,e cere0o*+
'er!onal R,h"! an+ O.l,a"on! .e"%een "he h*!.an+ an+ "he
%$e
1. M*"*al <+el"y- #oha."a"on- an+ re!(e#"
2. M*"*al a!!!"an#e an+ !*((or"
9. R,h" o$ "he %$e "o *!e "he h*!.an+P! na)e
STATELESSNESS
1. /E'RIVATION o$ #"Een!h( $or any #a*!e.
2. RENUNCIATION o$ na"onal"y .y #er"an a#"!- e@(re!! or
)(le+
9. VOLUNTAR5 RELEASE $ro) h! or,nal !"a"e
:. 0ORN n a #o*n"ry %h#h re#o,nEe! only "he (rn#(le o$
C*! !an,*n! .*" %ho!e la% o$ "he (aren"! re#o,nEe! only
"he (rn#(le o$ C*! !ol.
'er!onal La% o$ !"a"ele!! n+v+*al!
The 7a,*e Con$eren#e o$ 1?2> on In"erna"onal 'rva"e La%
!*,,e!"e+ "ha" "he (er!onal la% o$ !"a"ele!! n+v+*al! !hall .eJ
:9 | ' a , e
8( "he la3 of /,e 2o0icile Kha."*al re!+en#e2
:( !e#on+arly "he la3 of /,e 1lace of /e01orar+
re.i2e*ce
RULES ON STATUS IN 3ENERAL
FACTUAL SITUATION 'OINT OF CONTACT
1. 0e,nnn, o$ (er!onal"y Na"onal la% o$ "he #hl+
2. Way! an+ eIe#"! o$
e)an#(a"on
Na"onal la%
9. A,e o$ )aCor"y Na"onal la%
:. U!e o$ na)e! an+
!*rna)e!
Na"onal la%
;. U!e o$ ""le! an+ no.l"y Na"onal la%
6. A.!en#e Na"onal la%
7. 're!*)("on! o$ +ea"h
an+ !*rvvor!h(
Le@ $or
ANNULMENT OF VOI/A0LE MARRIA3E AN/ /ECLARATION OF
NULLIT5 OF A VOI/ MARRIA3E
FACTUAL SITUATION 'OINT OF CONTACT
12 3ro*n+! $or ann*l)en" K$
"he )arra,e ! vo+a.le
)erely2
22 3ro*n+! $or +e#lara"on
o$ n*ll"y K$ )arra,e !
vo+ a. n"o2
The la% alle,e+ "o have .een
vola"e+J n o"her %or+!- " !
"he la% o$ "he (la#e o$
#ele.ra"on Kle@ lo#
#ele.ra"on!2 !*.Ce#" "o
#er"an e@#e("on! "ha" $*rn!h
"he ,ro*n+!2
ARTICLE 26. All )arra,e! !ole)nEe+ o*"!+e "he R' !
a##or+an#e %"h "he la%! n $or#e n "he #o*n"ry %here "hey
%ere !ole)nEe+- an+ val+ "here a! !*#h- !hall al!o .e val+ n
"h! #o*n"ry- e@#e(" "ho!e (roh."e+ *n+er Ar"#le! 9; K12- K:2-
K;2 an+ K62- Ar"#le! 96- 97- an+ 9>.
Ar"#le 9;J
The I. )arra,e! !hall .e vo+ $ro) "he .e,nnn,J
Q"ho!e #on"ra#"e+ .y any (ar"y belo3 8M +ear. o$ a,e even
%"h "he #on!en" o$ (aren"! or ,*ar+an!
Q"ho!e bi)a0ou. or 1ol+)a0ou. )arra,e! no" $alln, *n+er
Ar". :1
Q "ho!e .ub.e-ue*/ 0arria)e. "ha" are vo+ *n+er Ar". ;9
:: | ' a , e
Ar"#le 96J
A )arra,e #on"ra#"e+ .y any (ar"y- %ho a" "he ")e o$ "he
#ele.ra"on- %a! 1.+c,olo)icall+ i*ca1aci/a/e2 "o #o)(ly
%"h "he e!!en"al )ar"al o.l,a"on! o$ )arra,e- !hall l=e%!e
.e vo+ even o$ !*#h n#a(a#"y .e#o)e! )an$e!" only a$"er "!
!ole)nEa"on.
Ar"#le 97J
Marra,e! .e"%een "he I. are i*ce./uou. a*2 6oi2 $ro) "he
.e,nnn, %he"her "he rela"on!h( .e"%een "he (ar"e! .e
le,")a"e or lle,")a"eJ
1. .e"%een a.ce*2a*/. a*2 2e.ce*2a*/. o$ any
+e,ree
2. .e"%een bro/,er. a*2 .i./er. o$ "he $*ll or hal$
.loo+
Ar"#le 9>J
The I. )arra,e! !hall .e vo+ $ro) "he .e,nnn, $or rea!on! o$
(*.l# (ol#yJ
8( .e"%een colla/eral bloo2 rela/i6e.- %he"her le,")a"e
or lle,")a"e- *( "o "he :
"h
#vl +e,ree
:( .e"%een ./e151are*/. an+ ./e15c,il2re*
;( .e"%een 1are*/.5i*5la3 an+ c,il2re*5i*5la3
<( .e"%een "he a2o1/i*) 1are*/ an+ a2o1/e2 c,il2
=( .e"%een "he .ur6i6i*) .1ou.e of /,e a2o1/e2 #hl+
an+ "he a2o1/er
I( .e"%een an a2o1/e2 c,il2 an+ a le)i/i0a/e c,il2 o$ "he
a+o("er
J( .e"%een a2o1/e2 c,il2re* o$ "he !a)e a+o("er
M( .e"%een (ar"e! %here one- %"h "he n"en"on "o )arry
"he o"her- Hille2 /,a/ 1er.o*@. .1ou.e> or ,i. or ,er
o3* .1ou.e.
RE#IREMENTS TO PROVE A FOREIGN MARRIAGE:
8( "he e@!"en#e o$ "he (er"nen" (rov!on o$ "he forei)*
0arria)e la3
:( "he celebra/io* or 1erfor0a*ce o$ "he )arra,e n
a##or+an#e %"h !a+ la%
:; | ' a , e
Where a )arra,e .e"%een a Fl(no #"Een an+ a $ore,ner !
val+ly #ele.ra"e+ an+ a +vor#e ! "herea$"er val+ly o."ane+
a.roa+ .y "he alen !(o*!e #a(a#"a"n, h) or her "o re)arry-
"he Fl(no !(o*!e !hall l=e%!e have "he #a(a#"y "o re)arry
*n+er "he R' la%.
SIM'L5 'UTJ I$ val+ %here #ele.ra"e+- " ! al!o val+ here.
NOTESJ
In!o$ar a! "he ,ro*n+! $or ann*l)en" or n*ll"y are
#on#erne+- " ! no" "he Na"onal la% "ha" ,overn!- "
! "he LEF LOCI CELE0RATIONIS- !*.Ce#" "o #er"an
e@#e("on!.
The ,ro*n+! $or LE3AL SE'ARATION are "ho!e
n+#a"e+ n "he na"onal la% o$ "he (ar"e!
#on#erne+- an+ no" "ho!e o$ "he (la#e o$ #ele.ra"on
o$ )arra,e. Ar". 1; %ll a((ly .e#a*!e a !*" or le,al
!e(ara"on ne#e!!arly a+)"! "he val+"y o$ "he
)arra,e.
T%o Fl(no! are )arre+ .y "he 'hl((ne
A).a!!a+or "o "he US n!+e "he R' Con!*la"e n
Wa!hn,"on /.C. In US- le"P! !ay- an A).a!!a+or !
a*"horEe+ "o (er$or) )arra,e!- %ll !*#h )arra,e
.e ,ven #o,nEan#e n "he R'S An!J NO. 7avn, .een
#ele.ra"e+ n "he R' #on!*la"e n Wa!hn,"on- "he
)arra,e ! #on!+ere+ "o have .een (er$or)e+ n
"he 'hl((ne!. Un+er o*r la%- "he a).a!!a+or
#anno" (er$or) a )arra,e6 ONL5 CONSUL!-
3ENERAL- an+ VICE-CONSULS #an *n+er "he Fa)ly
Co+e.
Sn#e %e $ollo% "he NATIONALIT5 T7EOR5- o*r #o*r"!
have C*r!+#"on "o "a=e #o,nEan#e o$ ann*l)en"
an+ n*ll"y !*"! %here "he l",an"! are Fl(no!- or
%here "hey are +o)#lare! o$ "he 'hl((ne!.
Ch*r#h ann*l)en"! o$ )arra,e! an+ +e#lara"on! o$
"her n*ll"y are only $or rel,o*! (*r(o!e!- an+ are
no" .n+n, on o*r #vl la%! an+ #o*r"! o$ o*r
#o*n"ry- *nle!! a)en+)en"! "o o*r $a)ly Co+e are
)a+e.
Ar". 96 OF FCJ A )arra,e #on"ra#"e+ .y any (ar"y-
%ho a" "he ")e o$ "he #ele.ra"on- %a!
(!y#holo,#ally n#a(a#"a"e+ "o #o)(ly %"h "he
e!!en"al )ar"al o.l,a"on! o$ )arra,e- !hall
:6 | ' a , e
l=e%!e .e vo+ $ !*#h n#a(a#"y .e#o)e! )an$e!"
only a$"er "! !ole)nEa"on.
Un+er Ch*r#h la%!- e@a)(le! o$ '75C7OLO3ICAL
INCA'ACIT5 %ll n#l*+e n"er alaJ
1. A %ron, #on#e(" o$ )ar"al vo%! an+
)ar"al n<+el"y
2. Al#ohol!)
9. 3a).ln,
:. Wo)anEn,
;. A+a)an" re$*!al "o ,ve !*((or" "o a
+e,ree n#o)(a".le %"h a )a"*re
*n+er!"an+n, o$ re!(on!.le )arre+ l$e
Th! +e,ree ! o$ #o*r!e !*.Ce#" "o +e"er)na"on .y
"he #o*r"!- (ar"#*larly "he SC. An+ even $ "he!e
#a*!e! !ho*l+ )an$e!" "he)!elve! lon, a$"er "he
%e++n,- !a+ #a*!e! are #on!+ere+ "o .e
(o"en"ally e@!"n, alrea+y a" "he ")e o$ "he
#ele.ra"on o$ "he )arra,e.
A0SOLUTE /IVORCE
FACTUAL SITUATION 'OINT OF CONTACT
12 $ !o*,h" n "he R' K%he"her
.y Fl(no! or .y $ore,ner!2
12 le@ $or K"here$ore- %ll no"
.e ,ran"e+2
22 $ o."ane+ a.roa+J
a2 .e". Fl(no! a2 na"onal la% K"here$ore-
no" val+ here even $ val+
a.roa+6 an+ "h! ! "r*e
re,ar+le!! o$ "he +vor#e2
.2 .e". Fore,ner! .2 Na"onal la% K$ val+ n "he
S"a"e ,ran"n, " an+ val+
a##or+n, "o "he na"onal la% o$
"he (ar"e!- %ll al!o .e val+
here2
#2 )@e+ #2 a((ly Ka2 an+ K.2
re!(e#"vely.
A0SOLUTE /IVORCE /!"n,*!he+ $ro) ANNULMENT
A0SOLUTE /IVORCE ANNULMENT
're!*((o!e! a VA"ID"%
E$ISTING MARRIAGE
En+! a )arra,e %h#h "ho*,h
#on!+ere+ val+ n "he n"er)-
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none"hele!!- ! DEFECTIVE
3ran"e+ $or #a*!e!
SBSE#ENT "o "he )arra,e
#ere)ony
3ran"e+ $or #a*!e! AT THE
VER% TIME THE MARRIAGE
IS ENTERED INTO
LIN/S OF /IVORCEJ
12 A0SOLUTE /IVORCE K/vor#e a vn#*lo )a"r)onee2
R )ar"al "e! are +!!olve+.
22 RELATIVE /IVORCE K+vor#e a )en!a e" "horo2-
!e(ara"on $ro) .e+ an+ .oar+ or le,al !e(ara"on-
%here (ar"e! re)an )arre+- al"ho*,h "h! ")e-
"hey are allo%e+ "o lve !e(ara"ely $ro) ea#h o"her.
'ATERNIT5 AN/ FILIATION- A/O'TION- 3UAR/IANS7I'- AN/
FUNERALS
FACTUAL SITUATION 'OINT OF CONTACT
- 'a"ern"y an+ <la"on
- In#l*+n, 'aren"al
A*"hor"y an+
- Re#(ro#al !*((or"
- Le,")a#y
- Le,")a"on
- Re#o,n"on
- 're!*)("on! o$
le,")a#y
- R,h"! an+ o.l,a"on! o$
(aren"! an+ #hl+ren
- In#l*+n, (aren"al
a*"hor"y an+ re#(ro#al
!*((or"
I$ le,")a"e- NATIONAL LAW
OF T7E FAT7ER
I$ lle,")a"e- NATIONAL LAW
OF T7E MOT7ER.
I$ lle,")a"e .*" re#o,nEe+
.y "he $a"her- "he NATIONAL
LAW OF T7E FAT7ER.
/e"er)na"on o$ %he"her
le,")a"e or lle,")a"e-
NATIONAL LAW OF T7E
FAT7ER- n ,eneral.
/o#"rne o$ I))*"a.l"y o$
S"a"*!- #han,e o$ (aren"!P
na"onal"y +oe! no" aIe#" "he
!"a"*! o$ "he #hl+.
- A+o("on- #rea"on o$ "he
!"a"*! o$ a+o("on6 r,h"!
an+ o.l,a"on! o$
a+o("er an+ a+o("e+.
In ,eneral- NATIONAL LAW OF
T7E A/O'TER.
In "he 'hl((ne!- a+o("on .y
a Fl(no +oe! no" #on$er
Fl(no #"Een!h( on an
a+o("e+ alen #hl+.
- 3*ar+an!h(
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a2 Over "he (er!on
- a((on"n, #o*r"
- (o%er! o$ ,*ar+an
.2 Over "he (ro(er"y
- a((on"n, #o*r"
- (o%er! o$ ,*ar+an
#2 over "he (er!on an+ over
"he (ro(er"y K,eneral
,*ar+an2
- a((on"n, #o*r"
- (o%er! o$ ,*ar+an
- #o*r" o$ "he +o)#le o$
"he %ar+
- #oe@"en!ve %"h "ho!e o$
"he a((on"n, #o*r" Kla%
o$ "he a((on"n, !"a"e2
- #o*r" %here "he (ro(er"y
$ $o*n+ Kle@ re !"ae2
- #oe@"en!ve %"h "ho!e o$
"he a((on"n, #o*r"
- #o*r" %here "he (ro(er"y
an+ "he %ar+ are $o*n+
- #oe@"en!ve %"h "ho!e o$
"he a((on"n, #o*r"
- F*neral!- n#+en"! "hereo$ Where "he .o+y ! .*re+.
FUNERALS
- "he n#+en"! o$ $*neral! are ,overne+ .y "he la% o$ "he
#o*n"ry %here "he .o+y ! "o .e .*re+.
- The +*"y an+ "he r,h" "o )a=e arran,e)en"! $or "he
$*neral o$ a rela"ve +evolve on "he (er!on! o.l,e+ "o
!*((or" "he +e#ea!e+ %hle !"ll alve.
- Every $*neral !hall .e n =ee(n, %"h "he !o#al !"an+n,
o$ "he +e#ea!e+. The h,her "he !o#al !"an+n, o$ "he
+e#ea!e+ n l$e- "he )ore +,n<e+ an+ e@(en!ve h!
$*neral .e- a! a ,eneral r*e. 'roh."e+ ! (o)(o*! an+
ela.ora"e $*neral o$ a #r)nal on %ho) "he +ea"h (enal"y
ha! .een n&#"e+.
The M#en"er o$ ,rav"yM a((roa#h- <r!" a+o("e+ .y "he Co*r" o$
A((eal! o$ Ne% 5or=- ),h" .e #hara#"erEe+ a! a !)(l<e+
ver!on o$ "he M)o!" !,n<#an" rela"on!h(M "e!" o$ "he Se#on+
Re!"a"e)en". Th! a((roa#h a*"horEe! #o*r"! "o loo= a" all "he
e@!"n, #on"a#"! .e"%een "he varo*! (ar"e! "o a !*" an+
varo*! C*r!+#"on!. Ul")a"ely- "he #o*r" !ho*l+ #hoo!e "he la%
o$ %ha"ever C*r!+#"on ! )o!" #lo!ely "e+ "o "he #a!e.
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HOW FOREIGN LAW IS GIVEN APPLICATION IN THE PHILIPPINES:
1. By statutory direti!es "o#se#t o$ t%e State&
'. By a(ree)e#t o$ t%e *arties
+. By treaty or o#!e#tio#
,. By o#$-it o$ -a.s ru-e
In their absence --
A. Principles governing Conflict of Law Cases
1. Substance vs. Procedural Principles
A-- )atters o$ *roedure are (o!er#ed /y t%e -a. o$ t%e $oru) .%ere t%e ase is $i-ed0
.%i-e )atters o$ su/sta#e are (o!er#ed /y t%e -a. o$ t%e ou#try .%ere t%e ause o$
atio# arose.
PROBLE1: So)e -a.s )ay /e treated /y o#e ou#try as *roedura- a#d /y
a#ot%er ou#try as su/sta#ti!e "e.(. statute o$ -i)itatio#s&
SOL2TIONS:
Go!er#)e#t I#terest A#a-ysis 3 t%e -a. o$ t%e ou#try .%ose i#terest is )ost
i)*aired /y $ai-ure to a**-y its statute s%ou-d /e a**-ied
Borro.i#( Statute 3 t%e -a. o$ t%e ou#try %as a statute 4/orro.i#(5 t%e
*resri*ti!e *eriod *ro!ided i# t%e $orei(# statute6 E7CEPTION: .%e# o#trary
to *u/-i *o-iy or *ro%i/iti!e -a.s
2. Center of Gravity Doctrine (Grouping of Contacts Principle or State of te
!ost Significant "elationsip #eory$
La. o$ t%e state .%i% %as t%e )ost si(#i$ia#t re-atio#s%i* .it% t%e ourre#e a#d
.it% t%e *arties deter)i#es t%eir ri(%ts a#d -ia/i-ities i# tort or i# o#trat
%. "envoi Doctrine (#able #ennis #eory$
T%e o#$-it o$ -a. ru-e o$ t%e $oru) resorts to t%e $orei(# -a.0 .%i% i# tur# re$ers
/a8 to t%e -a. o$ t%e $oru).
RENVOI DOCTRINE APPLIED
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A9#ar !s. Garia0 G.R. No. L31:;,<0 =a#. +0 1<:+
&AC#S'
Ed.ard C%riste#se#0 .%o at %is deat% .as a 2S iti9e# /ut do)ii-ed i# t%e
P%i-i**i#es0 -e$t a .i--0 de!isi#( u#to 1aria He-e# a ertai# a)ou#t o$ )o#ey a#d
(i!i#( t%e rest o$ %is estate to 1aria Luy. He-e# o**osed t%e *artitio# o# t%e (rou#d
t%at s%e is de*ri!ed o$ %er -e(iti)e. Her o#te#tio# is t%at t%e -a. o$ Ca-i$or#ia direts
t%at t%e -a. o$ t%e do)ii-e "P%i-i**i#es& s%ou-d (o!er# t%e .i--.
(SS)*' +eter or not te national law or te do,iciliary law sould apply
-*LD'
T%e i#tri#si !a-idity o$ .i--s is (o!er#ed /y t%e #atio#a- -a. o$ t%e deede#t. I# t%e
*rese#t ase0 t%e #atio#a- -a. o$ Ed.ard is t%e -a.s o$ Ca-i$or#ia. Ho.e!er0 t%ere .ere
t.o o#$-iti#( Ca-i$or#ia -a.s re(ardi#( suessio#. O#e is e#u#iated i# I# Re
>au$)a# ".%i% does #ot *ro!ide $or -e(iti)es& a#d a#ot%er is Art. <,: o$ t%e
Ca-i$or#ia Ci!i- Code ".%i% *ro!ides t%at t%e -a. o$ t%e do)ii-e a**-ies&. SC %e-d
t%at t%e #atio#a- -a. is Art. <,:0 .%i% is t%e o#$-it o$ -a.s ru-e o$ Ca-i$or#ia. T%e
reaso# is t%at I# Re >au$)a# a**-ies o#-y to reside#ts .%i-e Art. <,: is s*ei$i to #o#3
reside#ts. T%us0 si#e Art. <,: o#tai#s a re$er3/a8 to P%i-i**i#e -a.s "t%e -a. o$ t%e
do)ii-e&0 t%e# 1aria He-e# is e#tit-ed to %er -e(iti)e.
.. Le/ &ori
T%e -a. o$ t%e $oru) (o!er#s a-- )atters *ertai#i#( to *roedura- or re)edia- ri(%ts.
0. Applicability of &oreign Laws and its */ceptions
WHEN FOREIGN LAW0 EVEN THO2GH APPLICABLE0 1A? NOT BE GIVEN
APPLICATION:
1. Forei(# -a. o#tra!e#es *ro%i/iti!e -a. or *u/-i *o-iy o$ t%e $oru)
'. Re-atio#s%i* o$ t%e *arties a$$ets *u/-i i#terest
+. Rea- *ro*erty is i#!o-!ed "a**-y -e@ rei sitae&
,. Forei(# -a.0 Aud()e#t or o#trat is o#trary to a sou#d a#d esta/-is%ed *u/-i
*o-iy o$ t%e $oru)
B. Forei(# -a. is *roedura- i# #ature "-e@ $ori (o!er#s *roedura- )atters&
:. Forei(# -a. is *e#a- i# #ature
EXCEPTION: CONTRARY TO SOUND PUBLIC POLICY
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Ba#8 o$ A)eria0 NT !s. A)eria# Rea-ty Cor*oratio#0 .G.R No. 1++C;:0 De. '<0
1<<<
&AC#S'
Ba#8 o$ A)eria0 du-y -ie#sed to do /usi#ess i# t%e P%i-i**i#es a#d e@isti#( u#der t%e
-a.s o$ Ca-i$or#ia0 2SA0 (ra#ted 2S Do--ar -oa#s to ertai# $orei(# or*orate
/orro.ers. T%ese -oa#s .ere seured /y t.o rea- estate )ort(a(es /y A)eria# Rea-ty0
a do)esti or*oratio#. W%e# t%e /orro.ers de$au-ted0 Ba#8 o$ A)eria sued t%e)
/e$ore E#(-is% ourts. W%i-e t%ese ases .ere *e#di#(0 Ba#8 o$ A)eria -i8e.ise
Audiia--y $ore-osed t%e rea- estate )ort(a(es i# t%e P%i-i**i#es. T%us0 A)eria#
Rea-ty sued $or da)a(es a(ai#st Ba#8 o$ A)eria.
(SS)*' +eter or not 0an1 of A,erica can 2udicially foreclose te real estate
,ortgages despite pendency of te civil suits before *nglis courts
-*LD'
E#(-is% -a. *ur*orted-y a--o.s t%e $i-i#( o$ Audiia- $ore-osure o$ )ort(a(e des*ite
*e#de#y o$ i!i- suit $or o--etio#. But E#(-is% -a. .as #e!er *ro*er-y i)*-eaded
a#d *ro!e#. T%us0 t%e dotri#e o$ *roessua- *resu)*tio# a**-ies.
SC $urt%er %e-d t%at e!e# assu)i#( ar(ue#do t%at E#(-is% -a.s .ere *ro!e#0 said
$orei(# -a. .ou-d sti-- #o $i#d a**-ia/i-ity. W%e# t%e $orei(# -a.0 Aud()e#t or
o#trat is o#trary to a sou#d a#d esta/-is%ed *u/-i *o-iy o$ t%e $oru)0 t%e said
$orei(# -a.0 Aud()e#t or order s%a-- #ot /e a**-ied.
Additio#a--y0 *ro%i/iti!e -a.s o#er#i#( *erso#s0 t%eir ats or *ro*erty0 a#d t%ose
.%i% %a!e $or t%eir o/Aet *u/-i order0 *u/-i *o-iy a#d (ood usto)s s%a-- #ot /e
re#dered i#e$$eti!e / -a.s or Aud()e#ts *ro)u-(ated0 or /y deter)i#atio#s or
o#!e#tio#s a(reed u*o# i# a $orei(# ou#try. T%e *u/-i *o-iy sou(%t to /e *roteted
i# t%e i#sta#t ase is t%e *ri#i*-e i)/edded i# our Aurisditio# *rosri/i#( t%e s*-itti#(
o$ a si#(-e ause o$ atio#.
1oreo!er0 t%e $orei(# -a. s%ou-d #ot /e a**-ied .%e# its a**-iatio# .ou-d .or8
u#de#ia/-e i#Austie to t%e iti9e#s or reside#ts o$ t%e $oru).
C. Autentication3 *lectronic *vidence and 4udicial Cogni5ance of &oreign
4udg,ents
**T be rec!ni"e# b$ Phi%i&&ine c'rts( )rei!n %a*s an# +'#!,ents ,'st be a%%e!e#
an# &r-e#.
HOW FOREIGN P2BLIC DOC21ENTS ARE PROVED:
1. O$$iia- *u/-iatio#
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'. Certi$ied true o*y or o#e attested /y t%e o$$ier %a!i#( t%e -e(a- ustody o$ t%e
reord0 or /y %is de*uty0 a#d ao)*a#ied .it% a erti$iate t%at su% o$$ier %as
ustody
T%e erti$iate )ust /e )ade /y a seretary o$ t%e e)/assy or -e(atio#0 o#su-
(e#era-0 o#su-0 !ie o#su-0 or o#su-ar a(e#t or /y a#y o$$ier i# t%e $orei(#
ser!ie o$ t%e P%i-i**i#es statio#ed i# t%e $orei(# ou#try i# .%i% t%e reord is
8e*t
Aut%e#tiated /y %is sea- o$ o$$ie
**I) the )rei!n %a* r +'#!,ent #es nt c,&%$ *ith the ab-e re/'ire,ents( it *i%%
nt be rec!ni"e# an# the Dctrine ) Prcess'a% Pres',&tin *i%% a&&%$ 0Phi%i&&ine
c'rts *i%% ass',e the )rei!n %a* is the sa,e as Phi%i&&ine %a*s1.
GENERAL R2LE: P%i-i**i#e ourts are #ot aut%ori9ed to ta8e Audiia- #otie
o$ $orei(# -a.s.
E7CEPTIONS:
W%ere t%ere are e@e*tio#a- iru)sta#es .%e# t%e $orei(# -a.s are a-ready
.it%i# t%e atua- 8#o.-ed(e o$ t%e ourt "(e#era--y 8#o.# or atua--y ru-ed
u*o# i# a *rior ase&
W%ere t%e ourts are $a)i-iar .it% t%e s*ei$i $orei(# -a.s "e.(. S*a#is% i!i-
-a.&
W%ere t%e ad!erse *arty did #ot dis*ute t%e a**-iatio# o$ $orei(# -a.
W%ere t%e tri/u#a- is a Euasi3Audiia- /ody .%i% is #ot /ou#d /y strit ru-es o$
te%#ia-ity
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