Bai Giang Arcgis

I HC QUC GIA H NI
TRNG I HC KHOA HC T NHIN

TRN QUC BNH
BI GING
ESRI
ArcGIS 8.1
(Dng cho sinh vin ngnh a l - a chnh )
H NI - 2004
Mc lc
PHN I. CC KIN THC C BN
BI 1. Gii thiu v phn mm ArcGIS 8.1 1
BI 2. Qun l d liu bng ArcCatalog 8
BI 3. Gii thiu chung v ArcMap 13
BI 4. To d liu 17
BI 5. Cc phng php hin th d liu 25
BI 6. Trnh by bn (layout a map) 32
PHN II. MT S KIN THC NNG CAO
BI 7. Chuyn i gia cc nh dng d liu 39
BI 8. Lnh truy vn hi - p (queries) 44
BI 9. Tm kim khng gian 47
BI 10. Geoprocessing wizards 52
BI 11. 3D Analyst 56
BI 12. Spatial Analyst 62
1
Bi ging ArcGIS 8x. 2004. Trn Quc Bnh
Bi 1. Gii thiu v phn mm ArcGIS 8.1
Trong bi ny chng ta s hc v:
Giao din ngi dng (ArcCatalogue, ArcMap, ArcToolbox)
File bn (c ui l *.mxd)
Lp thng tin (Data layers) v cc i tng (data features)
Cc chc nng c bn v bn
Cc bng thuc tnh (Attribute Tables)
Cc chc nng c bn lm vic vi cc bng
Cc trang v cc nhm thng tin (Layouts/data frames)
Kin thc nn:
Phn mm ArcView bao gm 3 ng dng (application) chnh sau:
ArcMap xy dng, hin th, x l v phn tch cc bn
ArcCatalog qun l, theo di cc d liu c hoc to mi v m t
cc d liu mi
ArcToolbox cung cp cc cng c x l, xut - nhp d liu t
ArcView sang cc nh dng khc nh MapInfo, MicroStation, AutoCAD,
...
ArcMap l ng dng dng to ra cc bn . Mi mt bn trong ArcMap
c gi l Map document, mt bn c th c mt hay nhiu data frames.
Data Frame l mt nhm cc lp (Data layer) cng c hin th trong mt h
qui chiu. Thng thng, mt bn n gin ch c 1 Data Frame v bn cn
s dng nhiu Data Frame khi cn in thm mt s bn ph trn 1 mnh bn
chnh (xem bi hin th d liu). Bn (Map document) c ghi trong file c
ui l .mxd.
Data
Frames
Data
Layers
Data
View
TOC
Help Text
line
Coordinates display
View control
tools
Scale
Select
tools
Data / Layout
View switch
2
Trong hnh v trn, mt bn c tn l "Exercise.mxd" c 2 data frame l
"Layers" v "New Data Frame". V phn mnh "New Data Frame" gm 3 lp
(layer) l "Grid", "81.pgn" v "awscntry". Tt c cc thng tin trn ta nhn thy
trong pha bn tri mn hnh, c gi l TOC (table of contents - mc lc).
Bn thn ni dung bn c hin th trong ln bn phi, ty theo ch m
c gi l Data View hay Layout View.
Mi mt lp c th tt hoc bt trn mn hnh bng cch nh du vo vung
nh (checkbox) bn phi tn ca n trong TOC. Trong hnh v trn c 3 lp ca
"New Data Frame" u c bt.
V tr v kch thc hin th ca bn c th c thay i bng cc cng c
phng to, thu nh (Zooming) v dch chuyn (Panning). T l ca bn (trong
hnh v trn l 1:557902) c hin th trong gia pha trn mn hnh.
Nhiu chc nng thng dng c th c tm thy thng qua context menus
(thc n nhanh, hin th thng qua cch bm chut phi vo i tng quan
tm).
Cn ch l cc i tng trong bn c 2 loi: Feature c lu tr trong c
s d liu v Graphic element khng c lu tr trong CSDL. Graphic
Element thng l cc i tng dng trnh by bn nh khung, thc t
l, ch gii,... chn Feature ta dng cng c "Select Feature", cn chn
Graphic Element ta dng "Select Element" trn thanh cng c Tools (bn phi
mn hnh). Mt Feature c th c chn (select) nu n nm trong lp c tnh
cht l "Selectable Layer". tt bt tnh cht ny c th vo thc n
Selection Set Selectable Layer.
Thng tin thuc tnh ca cc i tng (feature) c lu tr trong cc bng
thuc tnh gi l attribute table. Mi feature class hay shapefile c 1 (v ch 1)
bng thuc tnh. Mt bng c to bi cc dng (record) v cc ct hay trng
(column hay field). Mi mt feature c 1 v ch 1 record trong attribute table.
xem attribute table ca mt layer no ta bm chut phi vo tn ca n
trong TOC ri chn Open Attribute table.
ArcMap c 2 ch hin th: Data View v Layout View. Trong Data View ch
hin th cc feature, tc l ni dung chnh ca bn . Layout View hin th bn
trong ch nh chng ta s in ra trn giy, trong ngoi cc feature cn
c cc Graphic element l cc yu t trang tr bn nh khung, li ta , ch
gii,... Trong Data View bn ch c th lm vic c vi 1 Data Frame 1 thi
im, cn trong Layout View bn c th lm vic ng thi vi nhiu Data Frame
(xem bi hin th d liu) Cc bn ch c th c chnh sa trong ch
Data View. chuyn gia cc ch hin th vo thc n View.
Bi tp
Bc 1. M mt bn c
Khi ng ArcMap t nt Start Programs ArcGIS ArcMap
Chn thc n File Open
Trong hp thoi hin ra tm th mc c:\ArcGIS_course\ ri m file Bai_1.mxd
Bm OK, bn s c m.
Bc 2. Nghin cu bn , thay i t l v dch chuyn ca s
Cc cng c hin th bn gm:
- Phng to (Zoom in) v thu nh (Zoom out)
- Phng to / thu nh theo tm ca mn hnh (Centered zoom)
- Phng to ht c (Full extent) v dch chuyn (Pan).
C th s dng cng c phng to (Zoom in) theo 2 cch khc nhau:
- Bm chut vo ch bt k, Data View s phng to thm 25%,
- Bm chut vo mt im bt k, khng nh chut ra ko n i
ch khc to thnh 1 hnh ch nht ri nh chut ra. Ton b
ni dung bn gii hn bi hnh ch nht s c phng to ht
c cho kn mn hnh.
3
Zoom in Zoom out
Zoom in/out to the
center of the map
Go to
previous/next
extent
Pan Zoom to full extent
of the map
a chut vo thanh cng c Tools (hnh v trn) ri nghin cu cc dng tr
gip (tool tip) m t tng cng c.
Bm vo cng c Zoom In. Kim tra 2 ch lm vic ca cng c ny (bm
vo 1 im hay to 1 hnh ch nht trn bn ). S dng cng c ny hin
th ton b lnh th Vit Nam. T l lc ny l bao nhiu ?
Bm vo cng c Pan ri dch chuyn bn nhn thy Thi Lan ri tr
li cu hi:
Ta a l ca thnh ph Bng Cc l bao nhiu:
Kinh : ......... E V : ......... N
Bc 3. Tt / bt cc lp (layer), cng c Zoom to layer
Trong TOC (Mc lc - Table of Contents) tm lp c tn l "Cities". Hy th tt
lp ny bng cch bm vo vung nh bn cnh n.
Bm chut phi vo lp Populated Places (khu dn c) hin th context
menu:
Chn Zoom to layer ri theo di thay i trn mn hnh.
Tn ca khu dn c gia pha trn mn hnh l g ?
Tn l: .
Bc 4. Xem thng tin v cc i tng
Mi mt lp (layer) u c mt bng thuc tnh i km m t cc i
tng (feature) ca lp . xem thng tin thuc tnh ca mt i tng
no ta c th m bng Attribute Table hay dng cng c Identify.
Bm vo cng c Identify
Bm chut vo chm trn biu th th trn Sn Ho:
Ca s Identify results s hin ra:
4
Ca s ny hin th tt c cc thng tin v i tng lp trn cng (<top-most-layer>)
m ta va bm chut vo.
Bm vo nt c mi tn bn tri ch <top-most-layer>:
Trong danh sch hin ra chn <Visible layers>
Bm vo th trn Sn Ha trn bn mt ln na, ca s Identify results s
hin th nhiu layer hn. Hy tr li xem tn ca cc layer (lp) l g:

; . ; ;
.
Bc 5. Chn i tng (Select a feature)
Trc khi lm vic vi mt hay mt nhm i tng no ta cn phi chn
chng. chn i tng ta c th s dng cng c Select Feature (hay bng
cc hi p - query s c nghin cu trong bi sau). Lu rng ch c cc
i tng trong cc Selectable layer mi c th c chn.
Vo thc n Selection Set Selectable Layers
Ca s Set Selectable Layers s hin ra:
Bm nt Clear All Tt c cc layer s tr v trng thi khng phi l
selectable.
Bm vo bn cnh lp Populated places v Roads ri ng ca s li. Cc lp
ny s tr thnh selectable (c th chn c).
Bm vo cng c Select Feature:
Trn bn bm vo vng trn hin th th trn Son Hoa. i tng (th trn) s
c nh du bng mt chm ln mu xanh.
Bm vo mt ng mu en no bn cnh Son Hoa. ng s c
chn (chuyn sang mu xanh) thay cho th trn Sn Ha.
Hy th bm vo mt i tng no khng phi l ng hay khu dn c ri
tr li xem c s kin g xy ra khng?
Ty theo ch chn c t trong thc n Selection Interactive
Selection Method, khi ta bm vo mt i tng no th n c th: 1) c
5
thm vo danh sch cc i tng c chn, 2) loi khi danh sch
hay 3) tr thnh i tng c chn duy nht.
Trong thc n Selection Interactive selection method chn Add to current
selection
Trn bn bm chut vo vi ng v khu dn c. Cc i tng c
chn c vn tip tc c chn nh c khng ?
Trong thc n Selection chn Clear selected features .
Ta thy cc i tng c chn s tr v trng thi khng c chn na.
Hy th th nghim vi 3 ch cn li trong Selection Interactive selection
method.
Bc 6. M bng thuc tnh (Attribute table)
Nh trn ni, mi mt lp (chnh xc hn l 1 feature class) c mt bng
thuc tnh lin kt vi n m t cc i tng trong lp . Hy m bng
thuc tnh ca lp Cities nh sau:
Bt lp Cities bng cch nh du vung nh cnh n trong TOC.
Bm chut phi vo lp Cities trong TOC
Trong thc n hin ra chn Open Attribute Table
Bng thuc tnh s c m:
Bc 7. Thm trng (add field) v thay i gi tr trong bng thuc
tnh
Cu trc v ni dung bng thuc tnh c th c thay i trong trong phin
bin tp ca ArcMap (edit session, s c ni n trong cc bi sau). Ngoi
ra cc thng tin thuc tnh cn c th c sa cha ngoi Edit section, tuy
nhin trong trng hp ny ta khng th dng lnh Undo ( hy cc thay
i a vo bng thuc tnh) nh trong Edit section c.
Trong ca s Attributes of Cities bm nt Options ri chn Add field (xem hnh
trn).
Trong hp thoi hin ra Name g My_field, trong danh sch Type chn Text
(trng dng ch), ri trong Length g 30 l s ch ti a ca trng ny
6
Bm OK
Ko bng thuc tnh dch sang 1 bn nhn r bn . S dng cng c Zoom
hin th trn bn mt vi thnh ph (k hiu bng vng trn nh mu ).
Vo thc n Selection Set Selectable Layers ri cho php cc i tng ca
lp Citites c th c chn.
Bm vo 1 thnh ph no chn n (vng trn tr thnh mu xanh).
rng dng tng ng ca thnh ph trong bng thuc tnh cng c chn
(bi xanh).
Bm vo nt Selected trong bng thuc tnh ch hin th cc i tng c
chn. Trong bng thuc tnh ch cn li 1 dng:
Bm chut phi vo trng My_field va c to bc trc.
Trong thc n hin ra chn Calculate values
Trn mn hnh s hin ra hp thoi cnh bo rng lnh Undo s khng th thc
hin c. Bm nt Yes ng hp thoi ny li v tip tc.
Trong hp thoi Field calculator hin ra g Thanh pho" + [City_Name] (xem
hnh di).
Bm nt OK.
Xem gi tr trong trng My_field va mi to.
Bm nt All trong ca s bng thuc tnh hin th tt c cc dng ca bng
ny. Hy quan st cc gi tr trong trng My_field thy rng ArcMap ch thc
hin tnh ton cho cc i tng c chn.
Hy chn 2-3 thnh ph cng mt lc ri thc hin cc lnh trn mt ln na.
7
Bc 8. Xa trng trong bng thuc tnh
Sau khi nghin cu xong, trng My_Field khng cn dng na nn chng ta s
xa n i.
Trong bng thuc tnh bm chut phi vo tn ca trng My_field n ri chn
thc n Delete Field.
ArcMap s cnh bo l lnh Delete Field khng th Undo c. Bm Yes tip
tc.
Bc 9. Tm cc i tng c chn
Do mn hnh khng th hin th ht c ton b bn nn c th mt s
i tng no tuy c chn nhng b khut khng nhn thy c.
hin th chng ta dng cng c Zoom to Selected:
ng bng thuc tnh
Bm chut phi vo lp Cities trong TOC
Trong thc n hin ra chn Selection ri sau Zoom to Selected.
Bc 10. Sp xp cc dng, to Alias
Alias - tm gi l tn lng, l mt tn gi khc ca cc trng, thng dng d
nhn ra ni dung ca trng hn. V d nh trng TD c th t Alias l "Thua
dat" d hiu hn. Tn trng khng c du cch, cn Alias th c th c.
sp xp cc dng theo th t tng dn (ascending) hay gim (descending)
ca cc gi tr trong mt trng no ta lm nh sau:
M bng thuc tnh ca lp Cities
Bm nt All hin th tt c cc dng
Bm chut phi vo tn trng CITY_NAME (ta mun sp xp tn cch thnh
ph theo th t ABC)
Trong thc n hin ra (context menu) chn Sort Ascending hay Sort
Descending
Hy quan st nhng thay i hin ra.
ng bng thuc tnh li.
Bi 2. Qun l d liu bng ArcCatalog
Trong bi ny chng ta s hc v:
Kt ni vi th mc (Connecting to folders)
t cc tnh cht ca th mc
Xem xt (duyt) d liu, xc nh loi d liu (data types)
Ch Contents view
Ch xem s b d liu (Data Preview)
Ch Metadata view
Lm vic vi d liu
Khi ng cc phn mm khc ca b ArcGIS t ArcCatalog
Kin thc nn
ArcCatalog cung cp cc phng tin bn xem, qun l cc d liu a l v
cc bng d liu thuc tnh.
C 3 ch khc nhau xem d liu: Contents, Preview v Metadata view.
- Trong ch contents view tt c cc d liu m ArcView c th nhn dng
c s c hin th di dng cy th mc (catalogue tree) hay cc biu
tng (icons) ging nh chng trnh Windows Explorer.
- Bn cng c th xem s b (preview) cc d liu a l di dng bn
(geographic view) hay di dng bng (table view). Lu rng mt CSDL a l
bao gm cc i tng c xc nh bi v tr a l v thng tin thuc tnh
trong bng attribute table.
- Trong ch Metadata View bn c th xem cc d liu dng metadata, tc l
cc thng tin m t khc nhau v d liu nh h qui chiu, thi gian v phng
php thu thp,...
Cc dng d liu m ArcView c th nhn dng c bao gm cc feature data
sets: shape file, ArcInfos coverage file, Personal Geodatabase v CAD files
(*.dwg, *.dxf v *.dgn) v cc file nh raster nh *.tif, *.jpg, *.gif, *.bmp, *.png,
*.img, ...
Ty thuc vo loi d liu m ArcCatalog th hin chng di dng cc biu
tng (icon) khc nhau. Mt s loi d liu nh Shape file l mt tp hp nhiu
file khc nhau nhng ch c hin th bng 1 Icon duy nht.
Hnh v sau minh ha ch Content view trong ArcCatalog:
Polygon dataset
Line dataset
Point dataset
Navigating and
connecting to
folders
Controlling
data preview
Preview control
Launching
other
applications
Viewing contents
data types
Previewing data
as geographic or
table view
Viewing metadata
information about
a dataset
Trn hnh v sau l ch Preview, cc d liu c th hin di dng bng
thuc tnh.
9
Feature attribute NAMES
Feature attribute
VALUES
Feature IDs
Chuyn t dng Table sang dng Geography ta thy c bn sau:
Bm vo trang Metadata chuyn sang ch Metadata view ta c hnh v
nh sau:
D liu metadata c lu tr trong file c tn cng tn vi file d liu chnh
nhng c ui l *.xml, v d file_name.xml
Bi tp
Bc 11. Kt ni vi th mc
Mc ch ca vic kt ni vi th mc l c th truy nhp nhanh vo th
mc khi lm vic vi ArcView (tng t nh vic to Shortcut trong
Windows).
Bm nt Connect to folder:

Trong hp thoi hin ra tm th mc C:\ArcGIS_course ri chn n. Bm OK.
Th mc ny s c to shortcut trong cy th mc (Catalog tree) bn
tri mn hnh:
10
Bn c th ngt b cc kt ni to. V d nh th mc ( a) C:\ khng
cn thit na c th ngt i:
Bm vo "C:\" trong cy th mc ca ArcCatalog chn n.
Bm nt Disconnect from Folder ngt kt ni.
Th mc C:\ s bin mt khi cy th mc
Bc 12. Lm vic vi Contents view
Ch Contents view hin th cc ti liu c trong th mc m bn chn
cy th mc (Catalog tree). Ti liu c th l mt hay nhiu file. Contents
view hin th cc ti liu ny di 1 trong 4 dng tng t nh trong
Windows Explorer: large icons (biu tng to), list (danh sch), details (chi
tit) hay thumbnails (hnh v nh hin th s b ni dung ti liu). Bn c th
chuyn gia cc dng ny bng cc nt trn thanh cng c Contents:

Hy nghin cu cc dng hin th ny bng cch:
Chn th mc C:\ArcGIS_course\DCW
Bm vo tng nt trong s 4 nt trn ri quan st cc thay i trn mn hnh.
Ch rng Thumbnails (hnh v nh hin th ni dung ti liu mt cch s b)
ch hin ra i vi nhng ti liu c to sn thumbnail trc . Cc ti liu
khng c thumbnail th c hin th di dng Icons hay tn ca chng. Cch
to Thumbnails xem bc sau.
Bc 13. Lm vic vi Preview view
Preview view hin th ni dung ca ti liu bn chn trong cy th mc
(Catalog tree). Bn c th chn 2 dng hin th l Geography (ch p dng vi
d liu khng gian) v Table (nu bn ci 3D Analyst extention th cn c
thm ch 3D view na). chuyn i gia cc dng ny hy s dng
listbox pha di mn hnh ca ArcCatalog:
Bm vo trang Preview ri th xem mt s d liu trong th mc
C:\ArcGIS_Course\.
Khi xem d liu di dng Geography bn c th s dng cc cng c phng
to, thu nh (zoom), dch chuyn (pan) hin th v to Thumbnail ( ni
n trong bc trn).
Hy s dng cc cng c Zoom v Pan:

Trong Catalog tree chn shapefile Admin: C:\ArcGIS_course\DCW\Admin.shp
Vo trang Preview v chn ch hin th Geography.
S dng Zoom in phng to 1 phn no ca Admin.shp.
Bm nt Create Thumbnail to thumbnail cho file ny
Large icons
List
Details
Thumbnails
11
Trong Catalog tree chn th mc C:\ArcGIS_course\DCW ri bm vo trang
Contents, sau chn ch Thumbnail view (xem bc 2) xem hnh
thumbnail m bn va to.
Bc 14. Lm vic vi cc lp (layers)
Layer l t hp cp cao ca d liu. Mt layer file cha cc ni dung sau:
- ng dn ti d liu (shapefile, geodatabase...);
- Cc tham s hin th d liu nh mu sc, lc nt, k hiu,...
Nh vy vic dng layer rt tin li do chng ghi nh c cc tham s hin
th d liu (nu ch dng d liu khng th mi ln dng chng ta li phi
chnh cc tham s hin th). Cc file layer thng c ui l *.lyr. Bn c th
to v s dng layer trong c ArcMap v ArcCatalog.
Trong bc ny bn s to layer cho feature class v cc nc ng Nam .
Mi nc s c hin th bng mt mu ring bit. Trong ArcCatalog hy:
Chuyn vo th mc C:\ArcGIS_course\DCW\
Bm vo trang Preview.
Trong cy th mc, bm chut phi vo file Country.shp ri chn thc n
Create Layer.
Trong hp thoi hin ra g Cac_nuoc_DNA ri bm nt Save.
Trong cy th mc, chn layer Cac_nuoc_DNA m bn va to.
Cc bc tip theo t cc tham s hin th cho layer Cac_nuoc_DNA (tc l
cho d liu trong shapefile Countries.shp)
Bm chut phi vo layer Cac_nuoc_DNA ri chn Properties. Trn mn hnh s
hin thi ra hp thoi Layer Properties (hnh di)
Bm trang Symbology.
Bm vo Categories, trong danh sch m ra bm tip vo Unique Values
Value Field t gi tr CNTRY_NAME (trng cha tn nc ca shapefile
Country.shp)
Bm nt Add All Values a tt c cc nc vo trong danh sch
Bm nt OK ng hp thoi Properties.
Bm vo 1 file bt k trong cy th mc ri bm li vo Cac_nuoc_DNA (
ArcCatalog load li d liu), bn s thy mi nc trn bn s c t mt
mu.
Bc 15. Lm vic vi layer trong ArcCatalog v ArcMap
Bn c th dng cc thao tc ko-th (drag and drop) chuyn cc layer hay
cc feature class t ArcCatalog sang ArcMap.
Trong bc ny bn s khi ng ArcMap t ArcCatalog ri to layer bng
cch ko cc feature class t ArcCatalog.
Trong ArcCatalog bm nt Launch ArcMap trn thanh cng c, bm OK to
mt Workspace mi.
Dch chuyn ca s ArcCatalog v ArcMap sao cho chng so le nhau ta c
th ng thi lm vic vi chng:

12
Trong ArcCatalog, bm ri ko layer C:\ArcGIS_course\DCW\Cac_nuoc_DNA
sang TOC ca ArcMap
Khi cc bn ko 1 layer t ArcCatalog sang ArcMap th bn s c 2 layer
ging nhau ch khng phi l 1 layer chung. Nu bn thay i cc tham s
hin th ArcCatalog s khng nh hng n layer m bn chp sang
ArcMap.
Trong ArcMap, bm chut phi vo layer Cac_nuoc_DNA
Chn Properties, trong thc n hin ra bm vo trang Source
rng d liu cho layer ny vn l file shape file "Country" ch khng
phi l "Cac_nuoc_DNA.lyr" m bn to bc trc. Tip theo y chng
ta s hin th tt c cc nc bng cng 1 mu trong ArcMap:
Bm trang Symbology
Bm vo Features (Nh l trong phn trn chng ta bm vo Categories),
ArcMap s t ng chn phng php Single Symbol
Bm nt OK. Tt c cc features ca lp Countries s c hin th bng cng
mt mu
Quay tr v ArcCatalog, bm vo th mc C:\ArcGIS_course\DCW trong cy
th mc.
Vo thc n View Refresh
Chn Cac_nuoc_DNA trong trang Contents ri bm vo trang Preview
rng mc d trn ta thay i cch hin th lp Countries trong
ArcMap song cch hin th " Cac_nuoc_DNA" trong ArcCatalog vn khng
thay i.
Trong TOC ca ArcMap, bm chut phi vo Cac_nuoc_DNA ri chn Save as
Layer File
Tm vo th mc C:\ArcGIS_course\DCW ri ghi li layer vo file Lower48.lyr
ng ArcMap
Trong ArcCatalog bm vo trang Contents ri chn thc n View Refresh
Chn Lower48.lyr ri bm vo trang Preview, ta s thy cc nc c hin th
ging nh trong ArcMap ban ny.
Bc 16. Lm vic vi d liu
Trong ArcCatalog bn c th to mi, di chuyn, xa cc th mc v file d
liu ging nh trong Windows Explorer bng cc lnh New, Copy, Paste,
Delete,...
Trong ArcCatalog bm vo trang Contents
Bm chut phi ri chn New Folder
i tn th mc mc nh t "New Folder" thnh "MyNewFolder"
Trong cy th mc, bm chut phi vo Cac_nuoc_DNA layer ri chn Copy
Bm 2 ln vo th mc MyNewFolder m n ra ri bm chut phi, chn
Paste, Cac_nuoc_DNA s c chp vo th mc mi to.
By gi bn hy th xa tp Cac_nuoc_DNA va mi chp vo bc trc.
13
Bi 3. Gii thiu chung v ArcMap
Trong bi ny chng ta s nghin cu v:
To mt bn
Thm d liu vo bn v data frame (data frame c hiu l nhm
cc lp c hin th vi cng mt c s ton hc, mt bn c 1 hay
nhiu data frame, 1 data frame c 1 hay nhiu lp - layer)
Thuc tnh ca cc i tng (feature attributes)
Tnh cht ca Data frame v bn
Chuyn nhanh h qui chiu (Projecting on-the-fly)
Ghi bn
Khi ng cc chng trnh khc t ArcMap
Kin thc nn
ArcView tch hp cc thng tin a l v thng tin thuc tnh trong cc lp d liu
(data layers) v hin th chng trn bn .
D liu bn trong ArcMap c th xem di 2 ch : Data View v Layout
View. Cc lp d liu (Data layers) v tham s ca chng c nhm thnh cc
Data frame v c ghi li trong file bn .
thm layer vo trong bn ta c th s dng nt "Add Data" hay dng ng
tc ko-th t ArcCatalog (xem bi 3).
Cc lp trong ArcMap c th c loi b bng cch bm chut phi vo tn ca
n trong TOC (TOC - Table Of Contents, xem bi 2) ri chn remove trong
thc n hin ra.
Nu trong bn c nhiu layer th chng s c v theo th t t di ln
trn theo danh sch trong TOC. V d nh nu 2 layer cng hin th mt vng th
layer di s b ln bi layer nm trn. thay i th t ca layer ta c
th bm chut ri ko n n v tr mi trong TOC.
ArcMap c chc nng project on-the-fly cho php thay i mt cch nhanh chng
h qui chiu ca cc layer. V d nh ta c mt bn trong h ta VN-2000
v nu ta thm vo bn mt lp (chng hn nh ng giao thng...) c
xc nh trong h HN-72 th ArcMap s t ng chuyn tm thi lp v h
VN-2000 hin th ng trn bn cng vi cc d liu khc. Bn thn cc
tp tin cha lp va thm vo th vn khng thay i, tc l vn trong h HN-72.
Mi bn c th c 1 hay nhiu data frame. Mi data frame c th c mt h
qui chiu ring. Cc data frame c hin th ring bit trong ch Data View
v c th hin th chung trong ch Layout View (xem bi hin th d liu).
Cc layer c th c to ra t nhiu ngun d liu khc nhau: shape files,
personal geodatabases, ArcInfo cover datasets, CAD drawings, SDE databases,
tables, photo hay images.
Cc d liu a l c 2 dng chnh l vector (shape, cover, CAD, geodatabase,...)
v raster (nh s, nh qut, cc file nh di dng *.jpg, *.tiff, ...)
Shape file v Geodatabase l 2 dng d liu vect chnh ca ArcViews. D liu
trong mt shape file (hay mt feature class trong geodatabase) ch c th l mt
trong s 3 dng i tng sau: point (im), line (ng) v polygon (area -
vng). Khi bn to mt shape file trong ArcCatalog th bn phi ch r n s cha
cc i tng loi no (khc vi ArcView, MapInfo cho php bn lu tr trong
mt file c 3 dng i tng trn).
Bi tp
Bc 1. t h ta cho shapefile rdline.shp
ng ArcMap nu n ang chy
Chy ArcCatalog nu n cha chy
Trong ArcCatalog tm n th mc C:\GIS_course\ArcMapDemo\shape
Bm vo trang Contents ri bm chut phi vo file rdline.shp ri chn
Properties.
Trong hp thoi hin ra chn trang Fields
Bm vo trng Shape trong danh sch Field Name:
14
Trong na di ca hp thoi s hin ra bng cc tham s Field Properties ca
trng Shape.
rng tham s Spatial Reference ca trng Shape hin ang l Unknown
(h ta cha xc nh).
Bm nt dng Spatial Reference (hnh trn)
Ca s Spatial Reference t tham s ca h qui chiu s hin ra (hnh
di).
Bm nt Select
Trong ca s Browse for Coordinate System tm Geographic Coordinate
Systems World ri chn h WGS84
Bm nt Add ng ca s li
Bm nt OK trong ca s Spatial Reference Properties ng n li.
Bm tip nt OK trong ca s Shapefile Properties
15
By gi shapefile rdline.shp c t h qui chiu cn thit.
Bc 2. Chy ArcMap v to mt bn mi
Khi ng ArcMap t nt Start hoc bng cch bm vo biu tng ArcMap
trn thanh cng c ca ArcCatalog
Trong hp thoi hin ra bm OK to mi mt bn .
Bc 3. t cc tham s cho Data frame
Trong th mc (TOC) ca bn va to c 1 data frame c tn mc nh l
Layers. Data Frame ny hin cn ang rng (hnh di).
Bm chut phi vo ri trong thc n hin ra chn Properties.
Trong hp thoi hin ra bm vo trang Coordinate System (hnh di).
Trong Select Coordinate System chn h qui chiu sau: Predefined
Geographic Coordinate Systems World WGS1984 (ging nh bc 1)
Bm nt OK ng hp thoi Data Frame Properties li.
T gi tr i bn s c hin th trong h to a l WGS-84. Nu bn
thm vo Data Frame (tc l thm vo bn ) cc d liu trong h qui chiu
khc th chng s c t ng chuyn i v h WGS-84.
i tn cho Data Frame Layers v chn n v hin th ta cho n lm
cc bc sau:
Bm chut phi vo ri trong thc n hin ra chn Properties.
Bm vo trang General
Trong Name g "WGS84" i tn ca Data Frame
Trong Display chn Degrees Minutes Seconds hin th ta di dng
- pht -giy.
trn mn hnh data frame Layers c i tn thnh WGS84. Ta
ca con tr chut cng c hin th pha di bn phi mn hnh bng -
pht - giy.
Bc 4. Thm d liu t shape file v coverage file
Bm nt Add data t thanh cng c ca ArcMap
Tm th mc C:\GIS_course\ArcMapDemo\shape ri thm c 3 file (pppoint.shp,
pppolyp.shp, rdline.shp) trong bng cch gi nt Ctrl trn bn phm ri bm
chut vo tng file mt, sau bm nt Add. D liu trong 3 shape file s c
thm vo data frame Layers v hin th ln mn hnh. Do cc shape file
pppoint.shp v pppoly.shp c t trong h quy chiu khc vi WSG-84 nn s
c hp thoi yu cu khng nh chuyn i h ta ca cc file ny v h
WSG-84 ca Data Frame WGS84. Bm nt OK chp nhn chuyn i.
Bm nt Add data mt ln na.
Tm th mc C:\GIS_course\ArcMapDemo\cover ri nhy p chut vo file
pop_areas (cc khu dn c). Cc thnh phn ca pop_areas s hin ra, bn s
thy coverage file pop_areas cha cc i tng dng ng, ch gii, vng v
im (arc, label, polygon, tic).
Bm phm Ctrl ri chn c 4 loi i tng: arc, label, polygon, tic.
16
Bm nt Add thm chng vo bn .
Chng ta c th nhn thy rng 2 layer l pop_area polygon v pppolyp cha
cc i tng ging ht nhau. pop_areas polygon ng trn pppolyp trong
mc lc (TOC) nn n s che khut cc i tng ca pppolyp.
Tt v bt lp pop_areas polygon thy rng lp pppolyp cng ging ht n
(cc vng dn c nh trn bn i mu khi tt / bt)
Bc 5. To mt data frame mi
Chn thc n Insert Data Frame
xut hin trong TOC. l cc layer ca Data
Frame WGS84 khng hin th trn mn hnh na (do trong ch Data View,
ArcMap ch hin th 1 Data Frame trong 1 thi im, l Active Data Frame -
tn ca n c vit bng ch m trong TOC).
Bm chut phi vo New Data Frame ri chn Properties, trong hp thoi hin ra
vo trang Coordinate System.
t h ta l Predefined Projected Coordinate System UTM
OtherGCS (khc vi h WGS-84 ta t
trong bc 3).
Bm nt OK ng hp thoi Properties.
Bng cch s dng nt Add data , ln lt thm cc file nh sau vo
:
Th mc File
C:\GIS_course\DCW country.shp
C:\GIS_course\ArcMapDemo\image Esrimap (file nh)
Ta s thy trn bn hin ra cc nc ng Nam v nh ca khu vc Sng
Hinh (nh rt nh so vi c nc Vit Nam).
tt New Data frame v bt WGS84, trong TOC bm chut phi vo data
frame WGS84 ri chn thc n Activate. New Data frame s tt i v trn mn
hnh s hin th ra data frame WGS84 (ch m).
Bc 6. nh hng ca vic thay i h qui chiu
Sau y chng ta s thm vo bn mt layer tn l UTM_zones cha li
kilomet trong li chiu UTM:
Bm nt Add data ri thm file layer trong th mc
C:\ArcGIS_course\ArcMapDemo\UTM_zones.
Tip theo chng ta s nghin cu nh hng ca vic thay i ta :
Trong ArcMap, bm chut phi vo UTM_zones ri chn Zoom to Layer
Hy tr li xem li ta c hnh g ?

Dng chut ko layer UTM_zones t data frame WGS-84 sang data frame New
Data Frame
Bm chut phi vo New Data Frame ri chn Activate
Bm chut phi vo UTM_zones ri chn Zoom to Layer hin th ton b
layer ny trn mn hnh.
Li ta by gi c hnh g? Bn c bit ti sao khng ?
Bc 7. Ghi bn
Trong ArcMap Chn thc n File Save as
Tm n th mc C:\GIS_course ri g tn file bn l Bai_3, bm nt Save.
ArcMap s t ng thm ui .mxd ri ghi bn vo a cng.
17
Bi 4. To d liu
Trong cc bi trc chng ta lm vic ch yu vi nh dng d liu Shape
file. Trong bi ny chng ta s lm quen vi mt nh dng d liu khc l
GeoDatabase. Cc bn s hc cch to c s d liu di dng mt
GeoDatabase trong c cc Feature Data Set, Feature Class. Ngoi ra,
cc bn cng hc cch v v chnh sa cc i tng hnh hc trong CSDL
.
Kin thc nn
C 2 nh dng ArcMap dng lu tr d liu l shape files v personal
geodatabase (gi tt l geodatabase). Shape file n gin hn GeoDatabase
song chc nng ca n li t hn.
1. Shape file lu tr c d liu khng gian ln d liu thuc tnh. Ty thuc
vo loi i tng khng gian m n lu tr, shape file s c hin th trong
ArcCatalog bng 1 trong 3 biu tng (icon) sau:
V thc cht shape file khng phi l 1 file m l 5-6 file c tn ging nhau
nhng ui khc nhau (bn c th xem chng trong Windows Explorer). 3 file
quan trng nht ca shape file l cc file c ui:
*.shp cha cc i tng khng gian (geometry)
*.dbf bng thuc tnh
*.shx ch s lin kt i tng vi bng thuc tnh
nu c file *.prj th n s xc nh h qui chiu ca shape file.
2. GeoDatabase l mt CSDL c cha trong mt file c ui l *.mdb (nh
dng ca MS Access). Khc vi Shape file, GeoDatabase cho php lu gi
topology ca cc i tng. Cu trc ca mt GeoDatabase nh sau:
GeoDatabase
Feature Dataset Feature Dataset Feature Dataset
Feature Class
Attribute Table
Feature Class Feature Class
Attribute Table Attribute Table
Trong GeoDatabase c 1 hay nhiu Feature Dataset. Feature Dataset l mt
nhm cc loi i tng c cng chung h quy chiu v h ta . Mt Feature
Dataset c th cha 1 hay nhiu Feature Class. Feature Class chnh l n v
cha cc i tng khng gian ca bn v tng ng vi 1 lp (layer)
trong ArcMap. Mi Feature Class ch cha mt dng i tng (polygon - vng,
Line - ng, point hay multipoint- im). Mt Feature Class s c gn cht
vi 1 bng thuc tnh (Attribute Table). Khi bn to Feature Class th bng thuc
tnh cng c t ng to theo. Mt v d v CSDL bn a chnh:
Feature Class Geometry
type
Attribute Description
GeoDatabase "Ban_do_dia_chinh"
Feature Dataset "Ban_do". Coord. system: VN-2000
Thua Polygon dien_tich,
so_hieu, loai_dat
Hin th tha t
Ranh_thua Line Hin th ranh gii
tha t
Tam_thua Point dien_tich,
so_hieu, loai_dat
Hin th tm tha
t
Diem_khong_ch
e
Point so_hieu, X, Y, Z Hin th im khng
ch o v
Diem_dac_trung Point Ten, mo_ta Cc im c trng
Khung_BD Line So_hieu_manh Khung ban do
...
im
Vng
ng
18
3. nhp d liu hay chnh sa chng bn phi khi ng Edit Section
(phin bin tp) trong ArcMap. ArcMap c y cc cng c bn c th v
cc i tng bn . Tt c cc cng c c b tr trong thanh Editor ToolBar,
thanh ny c th c gi ra thng qua thc n Tools Editor ToolBar hoc
View Tools Editor:
Mt c im ca ArcMap l khi v mt i tng hnh hc, bn phi s dng
cng c Sketch (bt phc ha) v phc ha. Sau khi phc ha xong i
tng bn ra lnh "End Sketch" th hnh phc ha mi tr thnh i tng tht
trong CSDL. Tuy nhin, cc i tng ny vn cha c ghi vo file ca CSDL
trn a cng. Sau khi kt thc mt phin Edit (Edit section), bn phi ra lnh
Save Edits th nhng g bn lm mi tht s c ghi vo file CSDL trn a
cng.
Bi tp
Trong bi ny bn s th to mt CSDL bn a chnh vi 2 feature class l
Thua v Ranh_thua (xem bng trn). Sau bn s v 1 mnh bn vi s
v cc s liu cho trong hnh v trn.
Bc 1. To GeoDatabase v Feature Dataset
Khi ng ArcCatalog
Vo th mc C:\ArcGIS_course\CadastralMap
Vo trang Contents ca ArcCatalog, bm chut phi vo ch trng bt k ri
chn thc n New Personal Geodatabase (hnh di)
ArcCatalog s to mt Geodatabase vi tn mc nh l "New Personal...", hy
g tn mi cho n l "DiaChinh" ri bm Enter.
Bm p chut vo DiaChinh, do hin nay CSDL cn cha c i tng no
nn n cn trng.
Bm chut phi vo ch trng bt k ri chn New Feature Dataset. Trn mn
hnh s hin th ra hp thoi Feature Dataset (hnh di).
Name hy g "UTM-48" l tn ca Feature Dataset.
19
Do h ta cha t nn trong Spatial Reference c dng Unknown
Coordinate System. t ta cho Feature Dataset va to hy bm vo nt
Edit.
Trong hp thoi hin ra bm vo nt Select chn mt h ta c sn
Trong hp thoi "Browser for Coordinate System" vo th mc Projected
Coordinate System\UTM \ WGS-84 ri tm file "WGS 1984 UTM Zone 48N.prj".
Bm nt Add.
Trong hp thoi Spatial Reference Properties bm vo trang X/Y Domain ri t
cc gi tr MinX=500000, MaxX=600000, MinY=2300000, MaxY=2400000 nh
hnh v di
Bm OK ng hp thoi Spatial Reference Properties
Bm OK ln na ng hp thoi Feature Dataset.
ArcCatalog s to 1 Feature Dataset c tn l UTM-48
Bc 2. To cc Feature Class "Thua" v "Ranh_Thua"
Nhy p vo Feature Dataset c tn l UTM-48 va to m n ra, bn s
thy hin nay trong Feature Dataset ny cha c g.
Bm chut phi vo ch trng bt k ri chn New Feature Class
Trong hp thoi hin ra (hnh di) g "Thua" Name
Bm nt Next
Trong hp thoi tip theo khng cn sa g c. Bm tip nt Next
Trong hp thoi tip theo (hnh di) lit k cc trng ca Thua. Bm vo
trng Shape, trong danh sch hin ra pha di Geometry Type chn
Polygon. Spatial Reference c sn h ta m ta t bc 1 cho
Feature Dataset WGS-84.
20
Sau y chng ta s thm trng thuc tnh "So_hieu" cho feature class "Thua".
Hy bm chut vo trng ngay di trng "Shape" ri g "So_hieu" (hnh
di), bm vo bn phi n (ct Data Type) ri chn kiu d liu l "Short
Integer".
Bm nt Finish, ArcCatalog s to Feature Class c tn l "Thua".
to Feature Class "Ranh_Thua" cng lm cc bc tng t nh i vi
"Thua" song Geometry Type l Line (ch khng phi l Polygon) v khng cn
to thm trng mi nh "So_hieu" trong bc trc.
Bc 3. Chy ArcMap v to bn mi
Hy ng ArcCatalog li v khi ng ArcMap ri to mt bn mi.
Bm nt Add Data ri tm vo C:\ArcGIS_course\CadastralMap\DiaChinh\UTM-
48\ ri m 2 feature class "Thua" v "Ranh_Thua" m ta va to bc trn.
Vo thc n Tools Editor ToolBar hin th thanh cng c Editor:
Bm vo nt Editor ri chn Start Editing bt u Edit Section (phin bin
tp).
Bm tip vo nt Editor ri chn Snap Option trong ca s hin ra nh du tt
c cc ct Vertex chn ch bt im vo nh ca cc ng v vng
(hnh di). nh du c Edit sketch vertices.
ng ca s Snapping Environment.
Trc tin chng ta s to cc ng ranh gii tha lp "Ranh_Thua". Bi
vy trong Target hy chn "Ranh_Thua".
Bc 4. V cnh ABIK
Trong Task ca thanh cng c Editor chn "Create New Features"
21
Bm vo cng c Sketch bt u v phc ha
Bm chut phi vo ch trng bt k, trong thc n hin ra chn Absolute X,Y
G ta ca im A vo ca s ta nh trong hnh v sau ri bm Enter
Bm chut phi vo ch trng bt k, trong thc n hin ra chn Absolute X,Y
G ta ca im B vo ca s ta nh trong hnh v sau ri bm Enter
ArcMap s v on AB di dng phc ha.
Do t l trn mn hnh cn rt nh nn im A v B gn nh trng nhau. Hy
dng cng c Zoom In phng to khu vc gn cc im ny.
Sau y chng ta s dng cnh BI. rng cnh BI vung gc vi AB v c
chiu di 80m.
Bm tip vo Sketch tools tip tc v phc ha
Bm chut phi vo ch trng bt k ri chn Deflection... (gc tnh t cnh AB
va to). Trong ca s nh hin ra g 90 l gc vung cn dng ri bm Enter:
ArcMap s gii hn ng mi to gc 90
0
so vi cnh AB.
Bm chut phi vo ch trng bt k gn v tr cn dng im I ri chn Length...
Trong ca s nh hin ra g 80 l chiu di cnh BI ri bm Enter
ArcMap s v on BI di dng phc ha.
dng im K ta rng s gia ta ca n so vi im I cng bng s
gia ta ca A so vi B. Do ta s s dng cng c Delta X,Y dng im
K.
Bm chut phi vo ch trng bt k ri chn Delta X,Y... ri g -100, -50. Bm
Enter:
ArcMap s v on IK di dng phc ha.
a chut v ch gn im A, con tr s t ng bt im vo A. Bm chut tri
dng nt cnh KA.
Bm chut phi ri chn Finish Sketch (hay bm phm F2). ArcMap s dng cc
i tng l ng ABIK
Bc 5. V cc cnh BCDEFGNM
rng BC l cnh ko di ca AB, tc l song song vi AB v i qua im B.
Do ta c th v BC nh sau:
Dng cng c Edit chn cnh AB
Bm vo Sketch ri snap chut vo im B, bm chut tri
a chut v 1 im bt k trn cnh AB, bm chut phi, chn thc n
Parallel. By gi on thng s dng s ni tip vi AB
Bm chut phi gn v tr d kin ca im C ri chn Length. G chiu di
120m ri bm Enter. Cnh BC s c dng phc ha.
Tip tc dng cc cnh CD, DE, EF, FG, GN, NM tng t nh i vi cnh BI
bc trn. Khi dng cnh FG nu ArcMap dng khng ng hng (chy v
pha cnh CD) th thay gc bng 270
0
hay g chiu di l -30m.
Bm phm F2 Finish Sketch. n y chng ta dng c hnh sau:
22
Bc 6. Dng IH v GH
dng IH v GH ta cn bit im H. Trn s u bi ta thy H l giao
im ca KI v NG.
Bm vo mi tn cnh Sketch (hnh di) ri chn cng c Intersection
a con tr chut v 1 im trn cnh KI, ArcMap s v 1 ng thng di chy
qua , bm chut tri.
a con tr chut v 1 im trn cnh NG, ArcMap s v 1 ng thng di
chy qua , bm chut tri. im H l giao im ca KI v NG s c dng.
Bm vo Sketch ri bt im vo im G. Bm chut tri ri phm F2. Cnh
HG s c dng.
Dng tip cnh HI ni H v I (nh bm F2 khi kt thc).
Bc 7. Dng cnh ML
im M l giao im ca ng nm di gc 135
0
vi cnh NM v ng AK.
dng im M lm cc bc sau.
Dng cng c Edit chn cnh NM
Bm vo Sketch
Snap chut vo im M ri bm chut tri
a con tr chut vo im bt k trn cnh NM ri bm chut phi, chn
Segment Deflection, g gc 135
0
vo hp thoi hin ra, bm Enter.
V 1 cnh theo hng ML c chiu di bt k. Bm F2.
Dng cng c Edit chn cnh va to
Trong Task chn Extent/Trim features
Bm vo Sketch
Snap chut vo im A ri bm chut tri
Snap chut vo im K ri bm chut tri
Bm chut phi, chn Deflection ri g gc 0
0
ko di cnh AK
Ko di ng thng cho ct qu cnh theo hng ML (dng bc trn) ri
bm chut tri (hnh di). Cnh ML s c dng.
Trong Task chn Create New Feature ri dng tip cnh KL. Bm F2.
Bc 8. Dng cc cnh DT, TP, PQ, NP, MQ
Cnh DT dng tng t cnh BC.
Cnh TP v PQ dng tng t cnh CD vi chiu di tng ng l 50+30=80m
v 100m.
23
Cnh NP dng bng cch ni N vi P.
Cnh MQ dng bng cch ni M vi Q.
Bc 9. Dng ng USR
Cnh US song song vi CD v cch n 20m, tng t cnh RS song song vi
QP v cch n 20m.
Trc tin ta phi ct ng gp khc BCDEF c th tch ra on CD ( c
th copy parallel).
Dng cng c Edit chn ng gp khc BCDEF
Bm vo cng c Split trn thanh cng c Editor:
Snap ri bm chut tri vo im C, ng gp khc BCDEF s b ct thnh 2
on C.
Dng cng c Edit chn ng gp khc CDEF
Bm vo cng c Split trn thanh cng c Editor:
Snap ri bm chut tri vo im D, ng gp khc CDEF s b ct thnh 2
on D v ta c on CD cn c.
Dng cng c Edit chn cnh CD
Bm nt Editor ri chn Copy Parallel, trong hp thoi hin ra g -20 vo
Distance (du "-" copy ng hng)
Bm nt OK, im U v mt phn ca ng US s c dng
Lm tng t nh trn ta s c im R v mt phn ca ng RS
Trong Task chn Extent/Trim features ri dng im S tng t nh cch
dng im L bc trn. Hoc bn c th dng cng c Intersection dng
im S tng t nh im G.
Trong cc bc trn ta v xong lp ranh gii tha. Trong cc bc tip
theo ta s v cc tha t. v cc tha t (l i tng vng trong
ArcMap) ta c nhiu phng php khc nhau. Bn c th s dng cng c
sketch v vng bng cc phng php tng t nh trn ta dng v
ranh gii tha. Tuy nhin trong bi ny chng ta v ton b ranh gii tha
nn y ta s tn dng chng v cc tha t.
Nguyn tc chung khi v cc i tng dng vng trong ArcMap l ta phi v
phc ha c ng bao ca chng. Trong cc bc tip theo chng ta s s
dng cng c Trace "chy" theo cc ng ranh gii tha nhm to ra
ng bao . Chng ta cng s s dng cng c Autocomplete Polygon
nng cao hiu sut v tng chnh xc. u im ca cng c Autocomplete
Polygon l khi c cc tha t k nhau (cng chung ranh gii) v ta v
mt s tha th khi v cc tha bn cnh khng cn phi v li ng ranh
gii chung na.
Do cc tha t nm trong Feature Class "Thua" nn trong cc bc tip theo
ta phi chuyn Target layer v "Thua".
Bc 10. Dng tha ABIK bng cng c Trace
Trong Target thanh cng c Editor chn "Thua", Task chn Create New
Feature (hnh di).
Dng cng c Edit chn ng ABIK
Bm vo mi tn cnh cng c Sketch ri chn cng c Trace
Bm chut vo im A (khng cn chnh xc)
a chut chy chm vng quanh ng ABIK (hy ng mu en rt
mnh chy theo con tr chut), khi quay v im A th bm chut tri ln na.
24
Bm F2 Finish sketch. Tha ABIK s c to ra v c t mu (hnh
di).
Ch : thay v cng c Trace bn c th chn cng c Sketch ri bt im vo A,
B, I, K
Bc 11. Dng tha BCDEFGHI bng cng c Auto Complete Polygon
Trong Task chn Auto Complete Polygon.
Chn cng c Sketch
Bt im ri bm vo B, tip tc bt im ri bm vo C, D, E, F, G, H, I
Bm F2 Finish sketch. Tha BCDEFGHI s c dng.
Ch : do ta dng cng c Auto Complete Polygon nn cnh IB chung vi tha
ABIK ( c t bc trc) khng cn v li.
Bc 12. Dng cc tha cn li
Bng cng c Auto Complete Polygon tng t nh i vi tha
BCDEFGHI bc trn. Trong qu trnh dng bn c th kt hp s dng
cng c Trace.
Bc 13. nh s tha
Vo bng thuc tnh ca lp "Thua". trong bng c 2 trng l
Shape_Length (chu vi) v Shape_Area (din tch) c t ng tnh.
Ln lt chn tng tha (trong bng thuc tnh hoc trn bn ) ri g s hiu
tha vo trng So_hieu nh sau: ABIK s 1, BCDEFGHI s 2, DTPNGFE s 3,
PNMQ s 4, NGHIKLM s 5.
ng bng thuc tnh
Bc 14. Kt thc phin Edit
Bm vo nt Editor trn thanh cng c Editor ri chn Save Edits ghi cc kt
qu vo CSDL.
Bm vo nt Editor trn thanh cng c Editor ri chn Stop Editing. Nu bn
khng lm bc trc (Save Edits) th khi Stop Editing, ArcMap s hi bn c
mun ghi li nhng g lm khng. Khi bn c th chn Yes hoc No.
Ghi li bn vo file C:\ArcGIS_course\BandoDC.mxd.
25
Bi 5. Cc phng php hin th d liu
Trong bi ny chng ta s lm quen vi cc phng php hin th d liu
nhm nng cao tnh trc quan ca chng. Chng ta cng s hc cch to
nhn (label) cho cc i tng trn bn . Ngoi ra bn cn th thay i
mt s k hiu c sn to ra nhng k hiu mi.
Kin thc nn
D liu c th c hin th trn bn bng nhiu phng php khc
nhau. Mi phng php c c trng bi k hiu, mu sc, lc nt,
ng bao... Ty theo loi d liu v mc ch s dng m ngi ta chn
cch hin th cho ph hp. Cn ch rng tt c cc i tng trn cng
mt lp th u phi hin th theo cng mt phng php. ArcMap h tr cc
phng php hin th sau:
1. Single Symbol: Tt c cc i tng u c hin th theo cng 1 kiu.
Phng php ny c dng hin th cc d liu n gin hay dng
nghin cu mt phn b ca cc i tng dng im.
2. Categories: Cc i tng c hin th bng mu sc hay k hiu khc
nhau da trn gi tr ca mt (hay nhiu) thuc tnh no . Thuc tnh c
s dng lm c s hin th c gi tr ri rc vi s lng khng qu 20-30 gi
tr, chng hn nh 1, 2, 3, ... hay "Hanoi", "Haiphong",... C 3 ch hin th
bng Categories l 1. Unique values; 2. Unique values, may fields; 3. Match
to symbols in style. Trong Unique values l hay c s dng nht,
chng hn nh hin th cc loi hnh s dng t bng cc mu sc khc
nhau, hay trn bn hnh chnh cc a phng c t mu khc nhau.
Match to symbols in style dng hin th bng cc style t trc (c th
lm vic vi cc style t thc n Tools Style Manager).
3. Quantities: Cc i tng c hin th bng mu sc hay k hiu khc
nhau da trn gi tr ca mt (hay nhiu) thuc tnh no . Khc vi
phng php Categories, thuc tnh c s dng lm c s hin th c gi
tr lin tc hay ri rc vi s lng gi tr ln. Chng hn nh khi th hin m
hnh s cao hay th hin mt dn c 1 khu vc no . ArcMap s
chia cc gi tr c th c thnh tng khong ri t cho mi khong gi tr
mt loi k hiu. Bn c th thay i s lng cng nh ranh gii ca cc
khong. Cc loi k hiu c th s dng i vi phng php Quantities l:
- Graduated color: Cc khong gi tr c hin th bng mu sc khc
nhau.
- Graduated symbols: Cc khong gi tr c hin th bng k hiu c
kch thc khc nhau.
- Proportional symbol: mi gi tr c hin th bng k hiu c kch thc
t l vi gi tr . Nh vy Proportional symbol s hin th chnh xc hn
Graduated symbols song n c tnh khi qut ha km hn v khng thch
hp khi thuc tnh c rt nhiu gi tr (lm ri mt).
- Dot Density: Thuc tnh c th hin bng cc im c mt khc
nhau. Gi tr cc cao th mt cng ln.
4. Chart: gi tr ca mt tp hp cc thuc tnh dng s c th hin bng
biu . V d nh c cu s dng t ca tng khu vc c th c hin
th bng phng php ny.
5. Multiple Attributes: Ging nh phng php Quantities Graduated color
song p dng cho mt tp hp cc thuc tnh.
Bn c th t cc phng php hin th m t trn cho tng layer (lp)
bng cch bm chut phi vo tn ca layer trong TOC (table of contents,
bn tri mn hnh, xem bi 1) ri chn thc n Properties. Trong hp
thoi hin ra chn trang Symbology.
Ngoi cc phng php hin th d liu bng k hiu (Symbology) trn,
bn cn c th to nhn (label) bng ch cho cc i tng theo 1 hay nhiu
thuc tnh ca chng. V d nh vit tn ca cch a danh hay hin th
din tch ca chng... to label cho mt layer no hy chut phi vo
tn ca layer trong TOC ri chn thc n Properties. Trong hp thoi
hin ra chn trang Labels.
Bi tp
Trong bi tp ny chng ta s thc tp cch hin th mt bn hnh chnh
khu vc ng Nam . Tt c cc d liu c cho trong th mc
C:\ArcGIS_course\SouthEastAsia.
Bc 1. To bn v thm d liu
Chy ArcMap ri to mt bn mi.
Bm nt Add Data ri thm tt c 6 shapefile thc mc
C:\GIS_course\SouthEastAsia
26
i tn ca Data Frame t "Layer1" thnh "Single Symbol" bng cch: bm
chut 2 ln chm (bm chm ch khng bm nhanh) ri g "Single Symbol",
bm Enter.
Sp xp th t cc layer trong TOC theo th t t trn xung di nh sau:
Cities, Admin_line, Rivers, Water_polys, Admin_polys, Countries.
Bc 2. To thm mt Data Frame v chuyn lp Admin_polys vo
Vo thc n Insert Data Frame thm mt Data Frame mi.
i tn Data Frame mi thnh "Graduated Color"
Dng chut ko layer "Admin_polys" trong TOC xung pha di Data Frame
"Graduated Color", lp ny s c chuyn v Data Frame "Graduated Color"
Tip sau y chng ta s t ch hin th cho cc lp Data Frame
"Single Symbol". thi im ny trn mn hnh ch hin th Data Frame
"Graduated Color" vi lp duy nht l "Admin_polys" (do n ang l Active
Data Frame). chuyn sang Data Frame "Single Symbol", hy bm chut
phi vo n trong TOC ri chn thc n Activate.
Bc 3. t ch hin th (Symbology) cho layer "Cities"
Bm chut phi vo "Cities" trong TOC ri chn Properties, trong hp thoi hin
ra vo trang Symbology.
Trong Show chn Features ri chn phng php hin th l Single Symbol
(xem hnh di).
Bm vo nt Symbol
Trn mn hnh s hin ra hp thoi Symbol Selector (hnh di). Chn kiu k
hiu c sn l "Circle 2".
Bm vo nt Color t mu cho k hiu l mu vng (c tn l Autunite
Yellow).
t Size l 8 pixel cho kch thc ca k hiu
Bm nt OK, bn s quay v hp thoi Layer Properties, bm tip nt OK ln
na ng hp thoi ny.
Hy xem cch hin th cc thnh ph trong ca s ArcMap v k hiu di
dng "Cities" trong TOC.
27
Bc 4. t ch hin th cho lp Admin_line.
Trong lp Admin_line c ng ranh gii hnh chnh bao gm cc loi:
ng b bin (Coastline), ranh gii quc gia (International Boundary),
ng bao quanh cc o (reef), ranh gii vng v li ta . Loi ng
c cho trong thuc tnh BND_Type ca lp Admin_line. Trong bc ny
chng ta ch hin th ng b bin (Coastline) v ranh gii quc gia
(International Boundary).
Vo ca s Properties ca lp Admin_line, bm vo trang Symbology (tham
kho bc 3).
Chn phng php l Categories ri Unique Values
Chn Value Field (thuc tnh lm c s hin th) l BND_Type
Bm nt Add All Values, ArcMap s tm tt c cc gi tr ca BND_Type trong
bng thuc tnh v gn cho mi gi tr mt mu.
Do mc ch ca chng ta ch hin th ng Coastline v Int. Bnd, cc loi
ng khc khng hin th nn xa chng khi danh sch bng cch: nhn nt
Ctrl trn bn phm, ln lt bm chut vo cc kiu ng Gridline v Reef ri
bm nt Remove. Sau trng (uncheck) vung Symbol dng <All other
values> (xem hnh trn)
t k hiu cho Coastline bng cch nhy p chut vo ng k hiu ca n
(hnh trn), trong hp thoi Symbol Selector hin ra chn kiu ng l
"Coastline", mu l "Ultra Blue", Width (lc nt) l 1. Bm OK ng hp thoi
Symbol Selector.
t k hiu cho ng ranh gii quc gia (Int. Bnd) bng cch nhy p chut
vo ng k hiu ca n (hnh trn), trong hp thoi Symbol Selector hin ra
chn kiu ng l "Boundary, County". Tuy nhin kiu ng c sn ny khng
hon ton ging nh chng ta mong mun. Ta c th chnh sa n bng cc
thao tc tip sau:
Trong hp thoi Symbol Selector bm vo nt Properties, trn mn hnh s hin
ra hp thoi Symbol Property Editor cho php chng ta sa hoc to ra k hiu
mi (xem hnh di).
Trong Layers ca hp thoi Symbol Property Editor ta thy ng ca chng
ta hin nay gm 2 phn: 1 ng nt t trn v ng nn mu xm di.
Hy bm chut vo ng nt t chn n.
Trong trang Cartographic Line hy t Width (lc nt) bng 0,24
Bm vo trang Template (hnh di).
Hy dng chut ko vung nh mu xm sang pha bn phi ri bm chut
vo cc vung nh to ra c kiu ng nh trong hnh v sau (ch
phn trong hnh ellipse, mi khi bn bm chut vo vung nh n s i mu):
Bm nt OK 3 ln ln lt ng cc hp thoi Symbol Property Editor,
Symbol Selector v Layer Properties.
Hy quan st cch th hin ng ranh gii trn mn hnh v cc k hiu pha
di Layer Admin_line trong TOC.
28

Bc 5. t k hiu cho lp River
Hy lm tng t nh bc 3 v 4, chn k hiu c sn l "River"
Bc 6. t k hiu cho lp Water Polys
Lp Water Polys cha cc i tng thy vn dng vng (ch rng lp
River cha cc sng nhng dng ng). Bc ny chng ta lm tng t
nh bc 4. y chng ta cng ch hin th 3 loi i tng l Lake,
Intermittent lake (h khng c nc quanh nm) v River. Loi i tng
c cho trong thuc tnh WATER_TYPE.
M ca s Properties ca Water Polys, vo trang General, trong Layer Name
i tn n thnh Water Features.
Vo trang Symbology, chn phng php hin th l Categories Unique
Values. Chn Value Field l WATER_TYPE.
Bm nt Add All Values, sau xa tt c cc i tng Reservoir (h gi nc
nhn to) b du (uncheck) <All Other values> (tham kho thm bc 4)
t k hiu cho Intermittent lake bng cch nhy p vo k hiu ca n. Trong
hp thoi hin ra chn k hiu c sn l "10% Ordered Stipple". K hiu ny
khng hon ton ph hp nn ta li tip tc thay i n. Bm vo nt Properties,
trong hp thoi Symbol Property Editor hin ra vo trang Picture Fill (hnh di)
ri t Foreground Color l "Big Sky Blue", Scale X = 1,50, Scale Y = 1,50. Bm
vo nt Outline ri chn mu ca ng bao cng l "Big Sky Blue". Bm nt OK
2 ln ln lt ng cc hp thoi Symbol Property Editor, Symbol Selector.
t k hiu cho Lake kiu c sn "Lake"
t k hiu cho River l kiu c sn "Jade" vi mu Outline l "Delft Blue"
Bm OK ng hp thoi Layer Properties.
Bc 7. t k hiu cho lp Countries.
Lp Countries s c hin th bng mt mu duy nht khng c ng bao
(do ranh gii quc gia t trong Admin_line).
Vo Layer Properties ca lp Countries, trang Symbology.
Chn phng php hin th l Features Single Symbol, bm vo nt Symbol
ri chn mu l "Yucca Yellow", Outline Color l "No Color" (khng v ng
bao).
Bm OK nhiu ln ng cc hp thoi trn mn hnh.
Bc 8. Thm mu nn cho Data Frame "Single Symbol"
Trong TOC bm chut phi vo Data Frame "Single Symbol" ri chn thc n
Properties.
Vo trang "Frame", trong Background chn kiu l LtBlue.
29
Bm OK ng hp thoi.
Bc 9. Bc 9. To nhn (label) cho cc lp "Cities" v "Countries"
Vo hp thoi Properties ca lp Cities, trang Labels (hnh di).
nh du Label features in this layer
Trong Label Field chn "NAME" l thuc tnh cha tn ca thnh ph.
Bm vo nt Symbol ri chn ch l Arial, c 8, bm nt OK
Lm tng t i vi lp "Countries" song chn trng l CNTRY_NAME, c
ch l 10, Bold. Ngoi ra bn hy bm vo nt Label Placement Options ri
trong hp thoi hin ra chn Remove Dublicate labels (mi i tng ch to 1
nhn, nu khng th vi Philippines l nc c nhiu o s hin ra nhiu nhn).
Hy phng to khu vc ng Nam v t l 1:15.000.000 gn ging hnh v sau:
Bc 10. Phn loi v hin th cc khu vc hnh chnh theo mt dn
c
Chng ta s s dng cc thng tin v dn s v din tch c trong thuc tnh
POP_ADMIN v SQKM_ADM ca lp Admin_polys tnh mt v hin
th cc khu vc hnh chnh bng cc mu khc nhau.
Hy lm cho Data Frame "Graduated Symbol" tr thnh Active (tham kho phn
cui ca bc 2).
M bng thuc tnh ca lp Admin_Polys v nghin cu cc gi tr ca trng
POP_ADMIN (dn s), ta thy mt s vng c gi tr m (-99999), c ngha l
nhng vng khng c d liu. Sau ny chng ta s hin th nhng vng ny
bng mu xm.
ng bng thuc tnh.
Vo hp thoi Layer Properties ca lp Admin_Polys, trang Symbology (hnh
di).
t phng php l Quantities Graduated Color
Chn Value Field l POP_ADMIN
30
Chn Normalization l SQKM_ADMIN, ArcMap s tnh gi tr
(POP_ADMIN/SQKM_ADMIN) ri s dng n lm ch tiu hin th.
Trong Color Ramp chn di mu t vng (yellow) n xanh nc bin (blue)
hin th.
Do mt dn s l gi tr lin tc nn trong bc sau ta phi t cch chia
khong cho hp l (hin nay ArcMap ang t ng chia thnh 5 khong - 5
classes). Ngoi ra, ta cng phi loi b cc gi tr < 0 (khng c d liu).
Trong classes t gi tr bng 8 khong.
Bm vo nt Classify, trong hp thoi Classification hin ra bm vo nt
Exclusion (loi b)
Trong hp thoi Data Exclusion hin ra hy vo trang Query (hnh di). Hy
nhp dng iu kin sau (loi b cc vng c dn s <0, tc l khng c d
liu):
"POP_ADMIN" < 0
Bm sang trang Legend t cch hin th cc vng khng c d liu. nh
du Show Symbol for exclude data, chn mu cho Symbol l "Gray 40%",
Outline l "No Color", trong Label g "Khng co du lieu".
Bm nt OK 3 ln ng cc hp thoi trn mn hnh.

Bc 11. To nhn cho lp Admin_polys theo mt dn c
Do lp Admin_polys khng c thuc tnh "mt dn c" m ch c
"POP_ADMIN" v "SQKM_ADMIN" (xem phn trn) nn khi to nhn ta
phi dng biu thc tnh mt dn c.
Vo hp thoi Properties ca lp Cities, trang Labels (hnh di).
nh du Label features in this layer
31
Bm nt Expression, trong hp thoi Label Expression hin ra g biu thc sau
vo Expression (hnh di):
INT(([POP_ADMIN] / [SQKM_ADMIN]))
(chia POP_ADMIN cho SQKM_ADMIN ri ly phn nguyn, ch cc du
ngoc)
Bm OK ng hp thoi Label Expression.
Trong hp thoi Layer Properties bm nt Symbol ri chn ch Arial, c 6, mu
"Ultra Blue". Bm OK.
Hy quan st cc nhn va to ra trn mn hnh.
Trong cc bc tip theo ta khng cn hin th nhn cho lp Admin_polys na
nn bn hy b n i bng cch vo trang Labels ca hp thoi Layer Properties
ri b khng nh du Label features in this layer.
Bc 12. Thm mu nn cho Data Frame "Graduated Symbol"
t nn l ltBlue tng t nh bc 8,
Bc 13. Ghi bn
Hy vo thc n File ri ghi bn vi tn l "Layer Symbology.mxd" th
mc C:\ArcGIS_course\.
32
Bi 6. Trnh by bn (Layout a map)
Trong bi ny bn s hc cch trnh by mt bn in ra giy, cch hin th
nhiu Data Frame trn cng mt trang giy, to cc yu t ca bn nh li
km, thc t l, ch gii...
Kin thc nn
ArcMap c 2 ch hin th d liu: Data View v Layout View. Trong cc bi
trc chng ta u lm vic vi Data View v ch ny ph hp vi vic chnh
sa v bin tp d liu. Layout View th ph hp vi vic trnh by chun b in
ra giy thnh sn phm bn . Khc vi Data View ch cho php hin th 1 Data
Frame 1 thi im, Layout View c th hin th nhiu Data Frame cng mt lc.
chuyn sang ch Layout View hy vo thc n View Layout View.
Trong ch ny, trn mn hnh ngoi thanh cng c Tools s hin th thm 1
thanh cng c na c tn l Layout:
Thanh cng c Layout cng c cc cng c phng to - thu nh (Zoom). Bn cn
phn bit cc cng c ny vi cc cng c cng tn trn thanh cng c Tools
chng ta vn thng dng:
- Cc cng c trn thanh Layout: thay i t l ca trang giy nhng khng thay
i t l ca bn (t l bn l t l hin th ca cc d liu bn trong).
Chng hn nu lnh th Vit Nam ang lp kn khung bn th khi dng cc
cng c ny nc Vit Nam vn lp kn khung bn .
- Cc cng c trn thanh Tools: thay i t l bn nhng khng thay i t l
trang giy. Chng hn nu Vit Nam ang lp kn khung bn th khi phng to
(Zoom Out), trn trang bn ch cn li min Trung c hin th vi t l ln
hn.
Xut pht t nhng nhn xt trn, bn nn ht sc thn trong khi s dng cc
cng c Zoom thanh Tools trong ch Layout View.
chn cc i tng trong ch Layout View hy s dng cng c Select
Elements trn thanh Tools.
Bi tp
Sau y chng ta s th trnh by bn t cc d liu ca bi trc. Kt qu
cui cng s ging hnh v sau:
Bc 1. M bn Layer Symbology v ghi li vi tn khc
Chy ArcMap, m file bn Layer Symbology c to ra bi trc.
Vo thc n File Save As ri ghi li vi tn l "Make Map".
Bc 2. t kch thc ca khung bn
Vo thc n View Layout View, ArcMap s chuyn sang ch Layout View
v trn mn hnh hin ra trang giy vi 2 Data Frame m ta to bi trc l
Single Symbol v Graduated Color.
Thay i kch thc v v tr ca cc Data Frame sao cho gn ging hnh v trn.
thay i kch thc ca 1 Data Frame bn hy thc hin cc bc sau:
33
Chn cng c Select Elements trn thanh cng c Tools.
Bm chut tri vo mt ch bt k bn trong Data Frame chn n. Xung
quanh Data Frame c chn s xut hin mt khung bao vi 8 hnh vung nh
mp (hnh di). rng khi mt Data Frame c chn trong ch
Layout View th n t ng tr thnh Active (tn c vit m trong TOC).
thay i kch thc: a chut ra ch 1 trong 8 hnh vung nh v khi con tr
chut thnh hnh mi tn 2 chiu th bm chut tri, khng nh ra, ko v kch
thc cn thay i ri nh nt chut.
thay i v tr: bm chut tri vo ch bt k trong Data Frame c chn,
khng nh ra, ko v v tr cn thit ri nh nt chut.
Bc 3. t t l bn
Hy chn Data Frame "Single Symbol" (cch chn xem bc trn)
Dng cng c Zoom In / Out trn thanh cng c Tools hay g vo t l trn
thanh cng c chnh t l 1:20 000 000.
Dng cng c Pan trn thanh cng c Tools a lnh th Vit Nam v
gia bn nh 2 hnh v trn.
Lm tng t vi Data Frame "Graduated Symbol" song t t l l 1:50000000.
Ch : trong qu trnh thc hin cc bc tip theo t l bn c th thay i
i cht. Khi hy g li chnh xc t l t l .
Bc 4. To khung v li km cho Data Frame "Single Symbol"
Hy chn Data Frame "Single Symbol"
Bm chut phi ri chn Properties, vo trang Frame ri chn kiu Border l
"Double, Graded" (hnh di)
Bm sang trang Grid. Trong trang ny bm vo nt New Grid to li km
mi. Trn mn hnh s hin th ra hp thoi sau:
Chn loi li l Graticule: divides map by meridians and parallels (li kinh - v
). t tn cho li l My Grid. Bm nt Next.
Trong hp thoi tip sau (hnh di) chn Graticule and labels (li v nhn),
chn Intervals theo c kinh v v l 50. Bm nt Style ri t mu cho li l
Yogo Blue. Bm nt OK ri nt Next.
34
Trong hp thoi tip theo (hnh di) b du cc Major v Minor division
ticks. Bm nt Font ri t phng ch cho nhn l Arial, c 8. Bm nt Next.
Trong hp thoi tip theo gi nguyn ch mc inh nh hnh v sau:
Bm nt Finish kt thc to li.
Bm nt OK ng hp thoi Data Frame Properties. Trn bn s hin th
ra li ta mu xanh.
Bc 5. To thc t l v dng t l cho Data Frame "Single Symbol"
Hy chn Data Frame "Single Symbol" hoc Activate n trong TOC.
Vo thc n Insert Scale Bar
Trong hp thoi Scale Bar Selector hin ra chn kiu thc t l c sn l
"Alternating Scale Bar 1".
Bm nt Properties. Trn mn hnh s hin th ra hp thoi Scale Bar (hnh di)
Chn Number of Division v Number of SubDivision (cc khong chia) bng 5,
Division Units (n v o) l km, Label (nhn) l "km".
35
Bm nt OK ng hp thoi Scale Bar
Bm tip OK ln na ng hp thoi Scale Bar Selector. Trn mn hnh s
hin th ra 1 thc t l.
Dch chuyn thc t l v v tr gn ging nh hnh v u bi (trc bc
1), cch dch chuyn tng t nh i vi Data Frame (xem bc 2).
Thay i kch thc ca thc t l mt cht ta c th thu c khong chia
chn (0, 200, 400, ...km).
to dng t l hy vo thc n Insert Scale Text, trong hp thoi hin ra
chn kiu c sn l "Absolute Scale". Bm nt OK.
Trn bn s hin ra dng t l "1:20.000.000". Dch chuyn dng t l ny v
v tr ging nh hnh v u bi.
Bc 6. To mi tn phng Bc
Vo thc n Insert North Arrow, trn mn hnh s hin ra hp thoi North
Arrow Selector.
Chn kiu c sn l ESRI North3, bm OK, trn bn s xut hin mi tn
phng Bc.
Dch chuyn mi tn ny v pha trn bn phi nh hnh v u bi
Ch : Ta khng th thay ch "N" (North) thnh ch "B" (Bc) c. Mun to
c ch "B" phi t to mt k hiu mi hoc vit ch B ln ch N.
Bc 7. To bng ch gii (legend) cho Data Frame "Single Symbol"
Vo thc n Insert Legend, trn mn hnh s hin ra hp thoi Legend
Wizard (hnh di). Trong danh sch Legend Items lit k nhng layer c trong
ch gii.
Chn Countries trong danh sch Legend Items ri bm vo nt loi layer
ny ra khi bng ch gii.
t number of column bng 2 (bng ch gii s chia thnh 2 ct).
Bm nt Next.
Trong hp thoi tip theo (hnh di) g "Ch gii" vo Legend Title, chn c
ch l 12, cn l gia. Nu bn dng font ch Unicode th chn font l "Arial".
Nu bn dng b g ting Vit ABC th s t font ch trong bc sau.
36
Bm nt Next
Trong hp thoi tip theo (hnh di) chn Border l "1.0 point", Background l
"White".
Bm nt Next.
Trong hp thoi hin ra bm nt Next (khng cn thay i tham s mc nh).
Trong hp thoi hin ra bm nt Finish (khng cn thay i tham s mc nh).
Trn bn s hin ra bng ch gii. a n v v tr pha di bn tri bn
nh hnh v u bi.
Phng to khu vc bng ch gii ta thy n cha t yu cu v cc ch ch gii
vn bng ting Anh.
i ch v ting Vit bn hy vo TOC, bm chut chm 2 ln vo tng k
hiu ca cc layer ri g li chng thnh ting Vit (hnh di)
Sau khi bn chuyn cc ch trong TOC v ting Vit, bng ch gii cng t
ng thay i theo.
Bc 8. t font ch ting Vit ABC cho legend (b qua bc ny nu
bn dng font ch Unicode)
Nu bn dng b g ting Vit ABC th phi t font ch ".vn". Khi bn to
legend bc trc th thy rng khng th chn c cc font ch ny. Sau
khi to legend th bn c th t c font ch ABC dng ".vn" bng cc
thao tc sau:
37
Bm chut phi vo bng ch gii, chn Properties, trong hp thoi hin ra vo
trang Legend (hnh di).
Bm vo nt Symbol, trong hp thoi Symbol Selector hin ra bm vo nt
Properties.
Trong hp thoi tip theo bm vo nt Font ri chn font ch ".VnArial". Bm OK
3 ln ng cc hp thoi v quay tr v hp thoi Legend Properties.
Bm sang trang Items (hnh di)
Chn Cities trong danh sch Legend Items ri bm nt Style. Trn mn hnh s
hin ra hp thoi Legend Item Selector (hnh di)
Bm vo nt Properties. Trong hp thoi Legend Item (hnh di) bm vo nt
Label Symbol
Trong hp thoi Symbol Selector hin ra bm vo nt Properties.
Trong hp thoi tip theo bm vo nt Font ri chn font ch ".VnArial". Bm OK
4 ln ng cc hp thoi v quay tr v hp thoi Legend Properties.
38
Lm tng t nh lp Cities trn i vi cc lp cn li l Admin_line, Rivers
v Water_polys.
Bc 9. To dng tt bn v mt s ch ch gii
Vo thc n Insert Title, trn bn s hin ra mt i tng ch vi ch
"Make" mc nh, hy xa ch v g ch "ng Nam " ri bm Enter.
Bm chut phi vo dng ch va to, chn thc n Properties.
Nu bn dung font ch Unicode th trong hp thoi hin ra (hnh di) bm vo
nt Change Symbol ri chn ch Arial, 24, Bold. Bm OK 2 ln ng cc hp
thoi li.
Nu bn dng font ch ting Vit ABC th hy t font ".vn" theo phng php
tng t nh bc 8.
Dch chuyn dng title v pha trn gia bn nh hnh v u bi.
to dng ch "Bin tp ti trng H KHTN, 2004" pha di bn tri bn
(hnh di), vo thc n Insert Text ri lm tng t nh trn song chn
font ch l Arial, 8, Italic.
Bc 10. In bn
in bn hy vo thc n File Print. Trong hp thoi hin ra bm vo nt
Setup ri t cc tham s in cn thit.
Bc 11. Ghi bn bng cch vo thc n File Save.
39
Bi 7. Chuyn i gia cc nh dng d liu
Trong bi ny chng ta s hc cch s dng ArcToolBox chuyn i gia cc
nh dng d liu khc nhau. y l mt vn thng gp trong thc t do cc
d liu c xut x t nhiu ngun khc nhau, mi ngun c mt nh dng ring
v chng ta phi a chng v mt nh dng thng nht hin th ln bn .
Chng ta s hc cch chuyn i gia 2 nh dng chnh ca ArcGIS l Shape
file v GeoDatabase vi cc nh dng d liu sau:
Cc nh dng CAD: *.dwg, *.dfx ca AutoCAD, *.dgn ca Microstation.
nh dng *.tab ca MapInfo
File text cha ta X, Y ca cc i tng dng im.
Kin thc nn
Nh chng ta bit, mi shapefile hay feature class trong ArcGIS ch c th
cha cc i tng cng loi (im, ng, vng hoc m t - anotation). Trong
khi cc file ha CAD hay bng ca MapInfo li thng cha nhiu loi i
tng cng mt lc. Do , khi chuyn d liu t cc file loi ny sang nh dng
ca ArcGIS bn phi chuyn ln lt tng loi i tng vo ring tng
shapefile hay feature class. V d nh chuyn ht d liu t 1 file CAD bn
cn 4 shapefile u ra cha cc loi i tng sau:
Nu bn nhp (Import) d liu vo mt feature class trong geodatabase th do h
ta c t sn nn cc i tng c import s t ng nm trong h
ta . Nu bn import d liu vo shapefile th sau khi thc hin cn t h
ta cho cc shapefile ny (bng ArcCatalog).
Bi tp
Trong bi tp ny chng ta s th xy dng mt bn a hnh t l 1:10000
khu vc huyn Tin Hi (tnh Thi Bnh) t cc ngun d liu sau:
- Cc lp thy h, a danh, im c trng, ghi ch cao c cho trong
nh dng MapInfo Interchange Format *.MIF. im c trng v ghi ch
cao c cho trong cng 1 file.
- Lp ng (gm ng bao, ng bnh , ng ranh gii) c cho
trong nh dng AutoCAD *.dfx.
- Mt s im c trng cn thiu (v d nh tr s UBND x Nam Chnh,
Nam Thng). Chng ta s b sung cc im ny bng 1 file text cha ta
X, Y ca chng.
Bc 1. Chuyn lp ng t nh dng CAD (*.dfx)
Khi ng ArcToolBox nu n cha chy
Trong ca s ArcToolBox (hnh di) nhy p vo Conversion Tools m n
ra.
Nhy p vo Export from CAD m n ra.
Nhy p vo CAD to Geodatabase chy cng c chuyn i
40
Trong hp thoi hin ra (hnh di), bm vo nt ca Input CAD file ri
m file C:\ArcGIS_course\Import_Export\CAD\Duong.dxf (y l file nh dng
*.dfx cha cc i tng dng tuyn v ng bnh ca bn ).
Trong danh sch Select an existing CAD feature class chn Polyline (do ta ch
cn chuyn i cc ng trong file Duong.dfx, cc i tng dng Polygon,
Point v Annotation khng cn quan tm).
Bm vo nt ca Output Geodatabase ri m file
C:\ArcGIS_course\Import_Export\Imported\ImPex.mdb
Trong danh sch Select an existing feature dataset ... chn BanDo l feature
dataset s cha feature class ca cc i tng chuyn i.
Trong Enter the name of the new feature class nguyn tn mc nh
Duong_Polyline.
Bm nt OK. ArcToolBox s t ng chuyn i cc i tng dng tuyn t file
Duong.dfx vo feature class Duong_Polyline trong BanDo ca CSDL imPex.mdb
Bc 2. Chuyn lp thy h t nh dng *.MIF ca MapInfo
Trong ArcToolBox tm n cng c Conversion Tools Import to Shapefile
MIF to Shapefile, sau nhy p vo n (hnh di).
Trong hp thoi hin ra (hnh di) bm vo nt Input MIF file ri m
file: C:\ArcGIS_course\Import_Export\MapInfo\Thuy_van.MIF.
Trong danh sch Feature chn Line.
Bm vo nt Output ri trong hp thoi hin ra tm n th mc
C:\ArcGIS_course\Import_Export\Imported. G tn ca shapefile u ra l
Thuy_van, bm nt Save ng hp thoi Specify an output shape file.
Bm nt OK, ArcToolBox s t ng chuyn i cc i tng dng vng t lp
thy vn.
41
Bc 3. Chuyn cc lp a danh, im c trng, ghi ch cao t
nh dng *.MIF ca MapInfo
Lm tng t nh bc 2 vi cc s liu cho trong bng sau:
Lp Input MIF file Feature Output
a danh Dia_danh.mif Text Dia_danh.shp
im c trng Diem_dac_trung.mif Point Diem_dac_trung.shp
Ghi ch cao Diem_dac_trung.mif Text Diem_do_cao.shp
* Cc file *.mif nm th mc C:\ArcGIS_course\Import_Export\MapInfo, cc
shapefile u ra t th mc C:\ArcGIS_course\Import_Export\Imported.
* im c trng v ghi ch cao c cho trong cng 1 file l Diem_dac_trung.mif
Bc 4. t h ta cho cc shapefile va nhp vo
Trong qu trnh chuyn i bc 1 t CAD sang Geodatabase, ArcToolBox
t ng gn h ta nh sn trong feature dataset BanDo cho feature
class va to. l h UTM - WGS 84, mi 48N.
Trong qu trnh chuyn i cc bc 2-3 t MIF sang shapefile,
ArcToolBox khng t t h ta cho cc file u ra nn trong bc ny ta
s phi t h ta cho chng ging nh h ca feature dataset BanDo.
ng ArcToolBox v chy ArcCatalog nu n cha chy
Vo th mc C:\ ArcGIS_course\Import_Export\Imported ri bm vo trang
Contents
Bm chut phi vo shapefile Thuy_van.shp ri chn thc n Properties.
Trong hp thoi Properties hin ra bm vo trang Field (hnh di).
Bm chut vo trng Shape, sau bm vo nt dng Spatial
Reference trong khung Field Properties ( pha di).
Trong hp thoi Spatial Reference Properties hin ra bm vo nt Import (hnh
di).
42
Trong hp thoi tip theo tm n feature dataset BanDo trong Geodatabase c
tn l C:\ArcGIS_course\Import_Export\Imported\ImPex.mdb ri bm nt Add
Bm nt OK 2 ln ng cc hp thoi li. ArcCatalog s t h ta cho
shapefile Thuy_van.shp ging nh feature dataset BanDo, tc l UTM Zone 48N
WGS-84.
Lp li cc thao tc trn vi cc shapefile cn li l Dia_danh.shp,
Diem_dac_trung.shp v Diem_do_cao.shp t h ta cho chng.
Bc 5. Hin th d liu
ng ArcCatalog. Chy ArcMap nu n cha chy.
To mt bn mi.
Dng nt Add data thm 4 shapefile va mi nhp th mc
C:\ArcGIS_course\Import_Export\Imported\ v feature class Duong_Polyline
trong feature dataset BanDo ca geodatabase
C:\ArcGIS_course\Import_Export\Imported\ImPex.mdb
t Symbology cho lp Duong_Polyline vi cc tham s nh sau:
- Phng php Unique values
- Value field: Color (bm nt Add All values bn s thy c 4 gi tr 1, 4, 7)
- i vi ng c Color =1 (ng bnh ): chn mu nu Nubuck Tan
- i vi ng c Color =4 (thy h): chn mu xanh Big Sky Blue
- i vi ng c Color =7 (ng ranh gii): chn mu en Black
Cch t Symbology xem bi 5.
t mu cho lp Thuy_van l Fill: Sodalite Blue, Outline color: none.
t Symbology cho lp Diem_dac_trung (dng point) l Circle 1, Color: Rose
Dust, Size: 4.
Lp Dia_danh ch cha thng tin c ch di dng ch nn ta ch cn hin th
chng m khng cn hin th cc i tng dng im c trong lp ny. Hy
lm nh sau:
t Symbology l Circle 1, Color: No Color ( khng hin th trn bn ).
Vo hp thoi Properties, trang Label (hnh di), nh du Label features in
this layer, chn Label field l MIF_TEXT.
43
Bm vo nt Symbol.
Trong hp thoi Symbol Selector hin ra bm vo nt Properties
Trong hp thoi Editor hin ra (hnh di) bm vo nt Font ri chn font ch l
.vnArial, c 8 (ta phi lm nh vy mi chn c font ch ting Vit v trong
hp thoi Symbol Selector khng hin th cc font ch ).
Bm nt OK 3 ln ng cc hp thoi li.
Tng t nh i vi lp Dia_danh, hy to nhn cho lp Diem_do_cao, song
chn font ch l Arial, 6, Italic. Ta s c bn nh sau:
44
Bi 8. Lnh truy vn hi-p (Queries)
Trong bi ny chng ta s hc v cc phng php:
Dng lnh truy vn khai thc d liu t cc bng.
Hin th kt qu truy vn
To lin kt (hyperlink)
Tnh ton s liu thng k t cc bng
Kin thc nn
Bn trong ArcGIS cha ng mt khi lng ln thng tin. Tuy nhin, bn
khng tr nn qu phc tp kh s dng, khng phi tt c cc thng tin ny
c th hin trc quan trn bn , nhiu thng tin khc tuy nm trong c s
d liu nhng khng c hin th nh cc thuc tnh khng phi l trng tm
ca cc i tng, mi lin h logic gia cc i tng,... ArcGIS c mt s
cng c khai thc cc thng tin : cng c Identify tr li cu hi " l ci
g?", cng c Query tm cc i tng tha mn mt hay nhiu iu kin no
hay phn tch d liu.
Trong bi ny chng ta s s dng query lm vic vi cc bng thuc tnh.
Cn vic s dng chng pht hin cc mi lin kt khng gian v phn tch
khng gian s c nghin cu trong cc bi sau.
Mt lnh truy vn n gin bao gm tn trng, ton t v gi tr. Cc lnh truy
vn n gin c th kt hp vi nhau to thnh cc lnh phc tp.
V d v lnh truy vn (query) c vit bng ngn ng SQL:
SELECT *
FROM CITIES
WHERE "POP" > 100000
(c ngha l: chn tt c cc thnh ph c s dn c (trng POP) ln hn
100000 t bng CITIES).
Ty thuc vo nh dng ca d liu m bn nh khai thc bng lnh truy vn,
cch vit tn ca cc trng (field) s khc nhau. i vi ArcInfo coverages,
shapefiles, INFO table hay dBase table tn ca cc trng phi c a vo
du ngoc kp, v d nh: "POP", cn i vi Geodatabase th phi a vo du
ngoc vung: [POP]. i vi shared database th ch cn vit n gin l POP.
Cc d liu dng ch (text, string) th cn phi a vo du ngoc n, v d
nh: "City_Name"='Hanoi'. Cc d liu dng ch phn bit ch hoa v ch
thng (case sensitive). Khi bn khng chc lm v ni dng d liu dng ch
th c th dng lnh LIKE, v d: "City_Name" LIKE 'hanoi'.
tm mt gi tr c th bn hy s dng ton t ' = '. so snh cc gi tr hy
dng cc ton t < , >, <=, >= v <>. V d nh lnh sau s chn tt c cc vng
c din tch ln hn hoc bng 1500m
2
: AREA >= 1500
Bn c th thc hin cc php tnh ton trong cc biu thc. Cc php ton bao
gm + - * v /. V d tm cc nc c mt dn c nh hn 25 ngi /m
2
bn c th s dng lnh sau: POP2000 / Area <= 25
Khi vit cc biu thc phc tp cn ch n th t ca cc php ton. V d
biu thc sau nhn PRICE vi AREA ri cng vi TAX, sau so snh vi
NETVALUE:
NETVALUE > TAX + PRICE * "AREA"
kim sot th t ca cc php ton bn c th s dng cc du ngoc, v d
nh:
NETVALUE > (TAX + PRICE) * AREA
tm nhiu dng hay nhiu gi tr hy s dng lnh IN:
CNTRY_NAME IN (Vietnam, India, Thailand, China)
ra cc iu kin phc tp hy s dng cc lnh AND, OR v NOT, v d:
CITY_NAME = Hanoi AND WARD_POP < 10000
HIEN_TRANG = 60 OR DIEN_TICH >= 200
CITY_NAME = Hanoi AND NOT DISTRICT_NAME" = ThanhXuan
Ngoi phng php chn i tng bng lnh truy vn Query, bn c th s
dng phng php chn bng tay. Hy chn cng c Select Features ri bm
vo cc i tng cn chn. C 4 ch chn i tng khi bn s dng
phng php ny. m t tng ch hy hnh dung bn chn 2 i tng
l A v B, khi :
- Create new selection: nu bm vo C th C s c chn, A v B khng c
chn na.
- Add to current selection: nu bm vo C th c A, B v C s c chn.
- Remove from current selection: Nu bn bm vo A th ch c B tip tc c
chn.
- Select from current selection: Nu bn bm vo A th ch c A tip tc c
chn.
45
Cc i tng c chn s c mu xanh da tri. Bn c th thay i mu mc
nh ny trong thc n Selection Option.
Nu mun, bn c th ghi cc i tng c chn thnh mt layer mi hay
xut d liu (export) thnh mt Shapefile khc.
Trong bng thuc tnh bn c th ch hin th cc i tng c chn. lm
c iu hy bm vo nt Selected nh hnh v di y:
Bi tp
Bc 1. To mi bn v thm d liu
To mi mt bn
Thm cc lp Admin, Countries v Cities t th mc C:\ArcGIS_course\DCW\
Thay i th t ca cc lp Cities hin th ln trn cc lp khc
Bc 2. To mt lnh truy vn n gin tm thnh ph H Ni
Bn s to mt lnh truy vn n gin chn i tng m t thnh ph H
Ni trong lp Cities.
M bng thuc tnh ca lp Cities
Bm vo nt Options
Chn Select by Attributes, hp thoi Select by Attributes s hin ra (hnh di).
Trong danh sch cc trng (Fields) tm CITY_NAME ri bm vo .
rng ArcMap s t ng to ra danh sch Unique Sample Values ( pha bn
phi hp thoi) theo cc s liu c trong trng CITY_NAME
Nhy p vo CITY_NAME a trng ny vo trong lnh truy vn.
Bm vo nt c du ' = ' n hin th sau t CITY_NAME
Trong danh sch Unique sample values tm Hanoi ri nhy p n hin th
ng sau du =. Nh vy ta s c lnh truy vn vit bng ngn ng SQL nh
sau:
SELECT * FROM Cities WHERE "CITY_NAME" = 'Hanoi'
Bm nt Apply
Dich chuyn ca s bng thuc tnh c th nhn r H Ni trn bn . Hy
kim tra xem c ng thnh ph c chn l H Ni hay khng?
Ch : thay v 3 thao tc u tin, bn c th s dng thc n Selection
Select by Attributes m hp thoi Select By Attributes. Khi , trong layer
cn t tn lp mnh mun truy vn.
Bc 3. To lnh truy vn tm tt c cc thnh ph c tn bt u bng
ch H
M hp thoi Select by Attributes cho lp Cities (tham kho bc trn).
Trong hp thoi hin ra hy to lnh truy vn nh sau:
S th t ca dng
46
SELECT * FROM Cities WHERE "CITY_NAME" Like 'H%'
Bm nt Apply
M bng thuc tnh ca Cities ri kim tra xem c ng tt c cc thnh ph c
tn bt u bng ch H c chn hay khng.
Bc 4. Vit lnh truy vn tm cc thnh ph ca Vit Nam c dn s
ln hn 100 000 v t hn 1 triu ngi.
M bng thuc tnh ca lp Cities nu n cha m. Ta s thy bng thuc tnh
c cha thng tin v dn s trng POP_CLASS song cc thng tin c
lu di dng khong v d liu khng phi dng s (number) m l dng ch
(text). V d nh "50.000 to 100.000". Do bn khng th dng cc php ton
so snh n gin t lnh truy vn c. Tuy nhin, hy rng c trong
bng cn c trng POP_RANK sp xp cc thnh ph theo s dn c cho
trong POP_CLASS. Chng ta s s dng trng ny tm kim.
Bm vo tn trng POP_RANK trong bng thuc tnh.
Chn thc n Sort Ascending
Hy xem trong bng th gi tr no ca POP_RANK tng ng vi cc thnh ph
c dn s ln hn 100.000 ?
p s: 5
V gi tr no ca POP_RANK tng ng vi cc thnh ph c dn s t hn
1.000.000?
p s: 3
Chng ta s s dng 2 gi tr va tm c trn chn ra cc thnh ph
ca Vit Nam c dn s t 100.000 n 1.000.000.
Trong bng thuc tnh ca Cities, bm vo nt Options ri chn Select by
Attributes.
Trong hp thoi Select by Attributes hin ra (hnh di), bm nt Clear xa
lnh truy vn va to bc trc.
Nhy p vo tn trng "POP_RANK thm n vo ca s lnh truy vn.
Dng cc nt trong hp thoi hay g bng tay lnh truy vn sau:
"POP_RANK" >= 3 AND "POP_RANK" <= 5 AND "CNTRY_NAME" = 'Vietnam'
Bm nt Apply thc hin lnh truy vn.
Hy kim tra li trong bng thuc tnh (hay trn bn ) xem cc thnh ph no
c chn.
Bc 5. Thu thp cc s liu thng k
Bn c th thu thp nhanh chng s liu thng k v cc trng cha d liu
dng s trong bng thuc tnh. Sau y chng ta s th thu thp s liu thng
k v cc nc ng Nam :
ng bng thuc tnh ca Cities ri m bng thuc tnh ca Countries.
Bm chut phi vo tn trng "Area" ri chn Statistics trong thc n hin ra.
Trn mn hnh s hin th ra ca s thng k ca trng "Area":
47
Bi 9. Tm kim khng gian
bi trc chng ta nghin cu cch chn v tm cc i tng theo thuc
tnh ca chng. Trong bi ny chng ta s nghin cu v cch chn i tng
theo cc quan h khng gian ca chng.
Kin thc nn
Ngoi cc lnh truy vn theo cc thng tin thuc tnh ca i tng, bn cn c
th t ra cc lnh truy vn theo v tr v mi lin h v khng gian gia cc i
tng. Chng hn nh tm cc im, ng v vng nm gn hay ct ngang cc
i tng mt layer khc (hoc chnh layer ). chn cc i tng da
theo v tr a l v mi lin h v khng gian gia chng bn c th s dng
cng c Select By Location thc n Selection.
Mt s v d v mi quan h khng gian s dng trong cng c Select By
Location:
Are crossed by the outline of another feature - y l phng php chn cc i
tng b ct bi ng bao ca cc i tng layer khc.
Intersect - chn cc i tng giao nhau vi cc i tng layer khc.
Are within a distance of - Chn cc i tng nm cch cc i tng layer
khc khng xa hn mt khong cch nht nh. i vi ng v vng th
khong cch c tnh theo cnh gn nht hoc tm ca chng (xem i tng
E1 trong v d sau).
Have their centre in - Chn cc i tng c im trng tm bn trong cc i
tng mt layer khc.
Are completely within - Chn cc i tng nm trn bn trong cc i tng
ca layer khc.
Are contained by - Chn cc i tng nm trong cc i tng ca Layer khc.
Khc vi phng php Are completely within, cc i tng tip xc vi ng
bao cng c chn.
Completely contain - Chn cc i tng cha cc i tng mt layer khc.
Contain - Ging nh Completely contain song c th chn thm cc i tng
nm trong v tip xc vi ng bao ca i tng c chn.
Share a line segment with - Chn cc i tng c cng chung cnh hay nh
vi i tng mt layer khc.
Are identical to - Chn cc i tng c hnh dng (geometry), kch thc v v
tr ging nh cc i tng cho trc (tc l cc i tng c nhn thy
trn bn nh 1 i tng song thc cht nm 2 layer khc nhau). Cc i
tng c chn v i tng cho trc phi c cng dng hnh hc, chng
hn nh ng - ng, vng - vng,...
V d sau m t cho cc phng php chn i tng theo quan h khng gian
ca chng. Gi thit rng trn bn ca chng ta c 2 lp l Layer1 v Layer2.
Layer1 c 6 i tng l A1 F1, Layer2 c 1 i tng duy nht M_2 (M_2 c
ng bao m). Nu chng ta a ra lnh:
Select features from Layer1 that ....................... the features in Layer2

48
Th ty thuc vo phng php chn ta c cc kt qu trong bng sau (du x c
ngha l i tng s c chn):
Phng php A1 B1 C1 D1 E1 F1
Are crossed by the outline of... X
Intersect X X X X
Are within a distance of 100km X X X X X
Have their centre in X X X X
Are completely within
Are contained by X X
Completely contain X
Contain X
Share a line segment with X
Are identical to
tm hiu r hn v cng c Select by Location hy nghin cu cc hnh minh
ha trong Preview hp thoi trong hnh v trn.
Bi tp
Bc 1. Chun b d liu
Hy khi ng ArcMap (nu cha chy) ri to mi 1 bn .
Dng nt Add Data thm vo bn t th mc C:\GIS_course\DCW 3 shape
file sau: Cities, Countries v Admin. Trn bn s hin th ra cc nc ng
Nam vi cc thnh ph v n v hnh chnh cp tnh.
Trong TOC sp xp 3 layer trn theo ng th t t trn xung di nh sau:
Cities, Admin, Countries.
t ch hin th cc lp ty theo mun.
Bc 2. Tm tt c cc tnh khng c ng bin gii quc gia hay
khng c ng b bin (khng nm cnh bin gii hay bin)
Vo thc n Selection Select by Location
Trong hp thoi Select by Location hin ra t cc tham s nh hnh v sau:
Bm nt Apply, ArcMap s tm tt c cc n v hnh chnh khng nm cnh
ng bin gii hay b bin.
Bm nt Close ng hp thoi Select by Location
Bc 3. Tm tt c cc tnh ca Vit Nam khng nm cnh bin gii
hay b bin
Trong bc 2 chng ta tm tt c cc tnh ca khu vc ng Nam khng
nm cnh bin gii hay ng b bin. Trong bc ny chng ta ch chn
cc tnh ca Vit Nam tha mn iu kin ny. Do , trc khi dng lnh
Select by Location chng ta phi chn nc Vit Nam.
Vo thc n Selection Clear Selected Features.
Vo thc n Selection Set Selectable Layer ri ch cho php lp Countries
c chn (Selectable). Lm nh vy ta c th dng chut chn nc Vit
Nam. Ch rng lnh Select by Location khng ph thuc vo vic Layer c
phi l Selectable hay khng.
Dng cng c Select Features chn nc Vit Nam trn bn .
49
Vo thc n Selection Select by Location
Trong hp thoi Select by Location hin ra to lnh: Select features from Admin
that are completely within the features in this layer Countries. Use selected
features. (lnh ny ch khc lnh bc 2 iu kin b sung Use selected
features, tc l ch s dng Vit Nam lp Countries).
Bm nt Apply, ArcMap s tm tt c cc tnh ca Vit Nam khng nm cnh
ng bin gii hay b bin.
Bm nt Close ng hp thoi Select by Location. Hy kim tra kt qu tm
kim bng cch s dng cng c Zoom v to nhn (label) cho lp Admin.
Bc 4. Tm tt c cc thnh ph v th x nm cch H Ni khng qu
100km theo ng chim bay
Vo thc n Selection Set Selectable Layer ri ch cho php lp Cities c
chn (Selectable).
Phng to bn khu vc min Bc Vit Nam gn ging nh hnh v sau:
Dng cng c Select Features chn thnh ph H Ni trn bn .
Vo thc n Selection Select by Location. Trong hp thoi hin ra t cc
tham s tm kim nh sau:
Bm nt Apply thc hin lnh ri nt Close ng hp thoi li. Vo thc
n Selection Selection by Attributes
Hy kim tra xem cc thnh ph v th x no c chn.
Bc 5. Tm kim phc tp: tm tt c cc tnh ca nc ngoi nm
cnh ng bin gii vi Vit Nam
y l mt lnh tm kim phc tp c phi hp bi 2 lnh khc nhau:
1. Select by Attributes chn tt c cc tnh c cha ng bin gii vi
Vit Nam, k c cc tnh ca Vit Nam nh Lng Sn, Lai Chu,...
2. Select by Attributes loi cc tnh ca Vit Nam ra khi danh sch c
chn trn, ch li cc tnh ca nc ngoi.
50
Vo thc n Selection Set Selectable Layer ri ch cho php lp Countries
c chn (Selectable).
Dng cng c Select Features chn nc Vit Nam trn bn .
Vo thc n Selection Select by Location ri trong hp thoi hin ra t
lnh: Select features from Admin that share a line segment with Countries. Use
selected features.
Bm nt Apply, cc tnh c cha ng bin gii vi Vit Nam s c chn.
ng hp thoi Select by Location
Vo thc n Selection Select by Attributes. Trong hp thoi hin ra t cc
tham s tm kim nh trong hp thoi sau:
Bm nt Apply ri ng hp thoi li.
Kim tra kt qu tm kim.
Chn cng c Select Features, sau bm nt Shift ri bm vo v tr bt k
trong Vit Nam loi b nc Vit Nam (c chn thao tc trc) ra khi
danh sch c chn.
Bc 6. S dng buffer: tm tt c cc tnh nm trn trong vng trn
bn knh 150km tnh t H Ni v TP. H Ch Minh
Trong hp thoi Select by Location c Buffer. Khi bn dng lnh tm kim
"are within a distance of" (xem bc 4), ny cho php t khong cch cn
tm kim. Cn trong cc lnh tm kim khc, nu bn nh du "Apply a
buffer..." ri t gi tr trong ny th ArcMap s to ra mt vng m xung
quanh cc i tng ca lp lm chun (so snh) trong lnh tm kim ri s
dng vng m ny tm kim.
Vo thc n Selection Set Selectable Layer ri ch cho php lp Cities c
chn (Selectable).
Vo thc n Selection Iteractive Selection method ri chn Add to Current
Selection.
Dng cng c Zoom hin th ton b lnh th Vit Nam trn mn hnh.
Dng cng c Select Features chn thnh ph H Ni v TP. H Ch Minh.
Vo thc n Selection Select by Location ri trong hp thoi hin ra t cc
tham s nh hnh v di (ch Buffer).
51
Bm nt Apply ri ng hp thoi.
Kim tra kt qu tm kim.
Bc 7. Mt s lnh tm kim khc
Hy t s dng cng c Select by Location tm kim:
Cc thnh ph cch H Ni khng qu 200km
Cc thnh ph cch TP. H Ch Minh khng qu 70km
Tt c cc tnh ca Vit Nam (dng lnh Are contained by)
Tt c cc tnh nm cnh H Ni (dng lnh Share a Segment with).
52
Bi 10. GeoProcessing Wizards
Trong bi ny chng ta s nghin cu v cch s dng GeoProcessing Wizards
thc hin cc thao tc phi hp nhiu lp bn khc nhau
Kin thc nn
GeoProcessing Wizards (trong thc n Tools GeoProcessing Wizards) cung
cp 5 cng c rt mnh x l hay phn tch thng tin t nhiu lp bn khc
nhau. 5 cng c l:
1. Dissolve: Chp cc i tng k nhau c cng chung mt thuc tnh no
thnh 1 i tng duy nht. Chng hn, khi thnh lp bn hin trng s dng
t t bn a chnh bn c th s dng cng c ny nhp cc tha t k
nhau c cng mc ch s dng (v d nh t th c) thnh 1 vng duy nht
(t ).
2. Merge layers together: Chp 2 hay nhiu lp bn thnh mt lp duy nht.
Cc thuc tnh c chung trong tt c cc layers u vo s c gi nguyn. Gi
s Layer1 c thuc tnh Name, Population v Layer2 c cc thuc tnh Name,
Density th trong Layer u ra s ch gi li thuc tnh Name. Cng c Merge
layers together s hu ch khi bn cn kt hp 2 mnh bn k nhau thnh 1
mnh duy nht.
3. Clip one layer based on another: Ct cc i tng ca Input layer, ch gi li
phn nm trong ng bao ca cc i tng Clip layer. V d nh ta c bn
ca qun Thanh Xun song ch cn nghin cu v hin th khu vc phng
Thanh Xun Bc th c th s dng cng c ny.
4. Intersect two layer: Giao nhau gia cc i tng trn 2 lp khc nhau to
thnh nhiu i tng mi (nh hn) c tt c cc thuc tnh ca 2 layer:
V d nh ta c 2 bn : hin trng (a) v quy hoch (b) SD t cho mt khu
vc. Cc i tng trn bn hin trng c thuc tnh "Hien_trang", trn bn
quy hoch c thuc tnh "Quy_hoach". Sau khi s dng cng c Intersect
chng ta s c 1 bn mi m t qu trnh chuyn i c cu t ai vi 4
i tng, mi i tng s c 2 thuc tnh l "Hien_trang" v "Quy_hoach":
53
laXD mu XD
la mu + XD =
t la mu
a b c
Cn ch rng khi s dng cng c Intersect, cc i tng layer u ra s b
ct (clip) bi Overlay layer.
5. Union two layer: Giao nhau gia cc i tng trn 2 lp khc nhau to thnh
nhiu i tng mi (nh hn) c tt c cc thuc tnh ca 2 layer. Khc vi
cng c Intersect, cng c Union khng ct cc i tng ca layer u ra
(Output layer) theo ranh gii ca Overlay layer. Cc thuc tnh ca i tng
Output layer nu khng xc nh c th s trng (null).
Bi tp
Gi s chng ta cn b tr mt khu dn c mi trong x Hong Hip sao cho khu
ny khng nm trong khu vc b nhim (pollution). Cc d liu thu thp c
gm c: bn ch s nhim khng kh, bn ch s nhim nc v bn
hnh chnh. Khu vc c coi l khng b nhim nu:
ch s chung = ch s nhim nc + ch s nhim khng kh < 15
(total_index) (water_pol_index) (air_pol_index)
Bc 1. Hin th v phn tch d liu
Chy ArcMap v to mt bn mi
Dng nt Add Data thm cc layer: Administrative, AdminCenter, Air_pollution,
Water_pollution t dataset "GeoProcessing" ca Geodatabase
"TempWork.mdb". Cc d liu trn nm th mc
C:\ArcGIS_course\GeoProcessing. Chuyn lp Administrative xung di cng
trong TOC.
T mu v to m t (label) cho cc layer Air_pollution v Water_pollution theo
trng Air_pol_index v Water_pol_index. lp Water_pollution khng che
khut Air_pollution, hy t Transparency cho n bng 50% (transparency t
trang Display ca hp thoi Properties).
To m t (label) cho layer AdminCenter theo trng Name.
Hy nghin cu s phn b v mc nhim ca cc khu vc.
Bc 2. Tch hp cc lp Air_pollution v Water_pollution
trong cc bc tip theo chng ta c th lm vic ng thi vi 2 thng
tin l ch s nhim khng kh (c trong Air_Pollution) v nhim nc (c
trong Water_Pollution), ta cn phi gp 2 lp ny thnh 1 lp chung c c 2
thng tin ni trn.
Vo thc n Tools GeoProcessing Wizards ri chn cng c Union two
layers. Bm Next.
Trong hp thoi tip theo (hnh di) chn input layer l Water_Pollution,
overlay layer l Air_Pollution v Output feature class l
C:\ArcGIS_course\GeoProcessing \TempWork.mdb\GeoProcessing\Union_Output
Bm nt Finish.
ArcMap s thm vo bn mt Layer mi c tn l Union_Output. M bng
thuc tnh ca n v hy kim tra xem n c c 2 thuc tnh l Air_pol_index v
Water_pol_index hay khng.
Bc 3. Tnh ch s Total_Index
Trong bng thuc tnh ca Union_Output bm vo nt Option ri chn Add Field.
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t tn trng l Total_Index v kiu d liu l Short Integer (hnh di). Bm
nt OK to thm thuc tnh mi cho Union_Output.
Trong bng thuc tnh ca Union_Output bm chut phi vo tn ca trng
mi to (Total_Index) ri chn Calculate Values. Bm nt OK trong hp thoi
cnh bo hin ra.
G cng thc tnh trng Total_Index nh sau:
Total_Index =
Int ( ( [Air_Pol_Index] + [Water_Pol_Index]) /15 )
(cng Air_pol_index v Water_pol_index, kt qu chia cho 15 ri ly phn nguyn. Nh
vy Total_Index c th bng 0 (khng nhim) hay 1 ( nhim)
Bm nt OK trong hp thoi Field Calculator. ArcMap s t ng tnh trng
Total_Index cho chng ta. Hy nghin cu cc gi tr trong trng ny.
ng bng thuc tnh ca Union_Output.
Hy t mu v to label cho layer Union_Output theo trng Total_index.
rng c nhiu vng cnh nhau c ch s Total_index bng nhau. Trong bc sau
chng ta s chp cc vng nh vy thnh mt vng d quan st hn.
Bc 4. Khi qut ha Union_Output theo ch s Total_Index
Vo thc n Tools GeoProcessing Wizards ri chn Dissolve features
Bm nt Next, trong hp thoi tip theo (hnh di) chn input layer l
Union_Output, attribute l Total_Index v Output feature class l:
C:\ArcGIS_course\GeoProcessing\TempWork.mdb\GeoProcessing\Dissolve_Output
Bm nt Next ri trong hp thoi tip theo bm nt Finish. ArcMap s to ra mt
layer mi l Dissolve_Output.
T mu v to m t cho lp Dissolve_Output. Hy nhn xt s khc nhau gia
Dissolve_Output v Union_Output.
Tt cc lp Union_Output, Water_Pollution v Air_Pollution v t Transparency
cho Dissolve_Output hin th lp Administrative.
Bc 5. Ct lp Dissolve_Output theo ranh gii ca x Hong Hip
lm ni bt khu vc nghin cu
Vo thc n Selection Set Selectable Layer ri ch nh du lp
Administrative c th chn c x Hong Hip. Bm nt Close
55
Chn cng c Select Features trn thanh cng c ri chn x Hong Hip
bng cch bm vo 1 im bn trong khu vc x.
Vo thc n Tools GeoProcessing Wizards ri chn Clip one layer based on
another. Bm nt Next.
Trong hp thoi tip theo t Input layer l Dissolve_Output, Clip layer l
Administrative, nh du Use selected features only (ch ct theo x Hong
Hip), output feature class l:
C:\ArcGIS_course\GeoProcessing\TempWork.mdb\GeoProcessing\Clip_Output
Bm nt Finish, ArcMap s to mt layer mi l Clip_Output.
Hy t mu v to m t cho Clip_Output theo thuc tnh Total_Index. Khi t
mu nh b khng nh du All other values.
Tt tt c cc lp, tr Clip_Output v AdminCenter. Bn s c kt qu nh
sau:
Hy lit k cc a im c th xy dng khu dn c mi.
Bc 6. ng bn (khng cn ghi li)
56
Bi 11. 3D Analyst
Trong bi ny chng ta s s dng cng c 3D Analyst xy dng cc yu
t a hnh nh m hnh s cao (DEM) di dng raster v TIN, ng
bnh , bn dc, m hnh cao vi bng ca a vt. Ngoi ra,
chng ta cng s dng ArcScene hin th DEM dng TIN.
Kin thc nn
3D Analyst l mt Extention (phn mm m rng) ca ArcView. Vi 3D
Analyst bn c th xy dng v hin th cc b mt a hnh khc nhau.
ArcScene l cng c dng trnh din m hnh s cao.
Bi tp
Trong bi ny chng ta s s dng 3D Analyst v ArcScene hin th a
hnh khu vc th x Lng Sn di cc dng khc nhau. D liu ban u l 1
Shapefile cha cc im cao o lp th t nh hng khng nm 2000.
Bc 1. Bt 3D Analyst
Chy ArcMap nu n cha chy
Vo thc n Tools Extentions
Trong hp thoi hin ra nh du "3D Analyst" (hnh di) ri bm nt Close
Vo thc n View ToolsBar 3D Analyst. Trn mn hnh s hin ra thanh
cng c 3D Analyst:
Nu thanh cng c khng hin ra th vo thc n View ToolBars 3D
Analyst
Bc 2. Nhp d liu
Trong ArcMap hy thm Shapefile LangSon_Elevation.shp t th mc
C:\ArcGIS_course\3D_Analyst
M bng thuc tnh ca LangSon_Elevation ri hy nghin cu cc gi tr cao
trng Elevation
ng bng thuc tnh.
Bc 3. t cc tham s ca 3D Analyst
Trn thanh cng c 3D Analyst bm nt 3D Analyst ri chn Options. Trn mn
hnh s hin ra hp thoi Options
Trong trang General hy t Working Directory l :
C:\ArcGIS_course\3D_Analyst\OutPut (Working Directory l th mc mc nh
cha cc file trung gian - Temporary - trong qu trnh lm vic).
Bm sang trang Extent t gii hn khu vc lm vic. Trong Analyst Extent
chn Intersection of Input

57
Bm sang trang Cells Size t kch thc cc im raster (Trong qu trnh
lm vic 3D Analyst thng to ra nhiu d liu raster. Khi ta t Cells Size ln
th 3D Analyst s chy nhanh nhng chnh xc gim). Trong bi tp ny hy
t "As specified bellow": 20m
Bm nt OK ng hp thoi Options
Bc 4. To m hnh s cao (DEM) di dng raster
Trn thanh cng c 3D Analyst bm nt 3D Analyst ri chn Interpolate To
Raster Spline. Trn mn hnh s hin ra hp thoi Spline (hnh di).
Trong Z value field ( cao) chn Elevation. Cc khc gi nguyn gi tr mc
nh nh hnh v di. rng Output cell size bng 20m (gi tr ta t
bc trc) v Output raster l <Temporary> (ghi vo Working Directory t
bc trc).
Bm nt OK, ArcMap s to ra mt lp Raster c tn l Spline of
LangSon_Elevation. y chnh l m hnh s cao ca th x Lng Sn di
dng Raster.
Tt lp LangSon_Elevation trong TOC hin th lp Spline of
LangSon_Elevation r hn:
Hy nghin cu phn b a hnh khu vc th x Lng Sn, nu cn hy s dng
cng c Identify hoc thay i Symbology cho lp ny.
Bc 5. Kim tra s thng thong ca tia ngm gia 2 im (line of
sight)
Trn thanh cng c 3D Analyst bm nt Line of Sight . Trn mn hnh s hin
ra hp thoi:
58
Cc offset l cao ca ngi ngm v tiu ngm. y ta gi tr mc
nh nh hnh v trn.
Bm chut tri vo 2 im bt k trn mn hnh khu vc c DEM, ArcMap s ni
2 im ny bi 1 ng thng gm nhiu on. on mu xanh l tia ngm
khng b che khut, mu l tia ngm b che khut. Ch cn c mt on mu
l tia ngm gia 2 im khng thng (kt qu s hin th dng status bar
pha di bn tri mn hnh).
Bm phm Delete xa ng ngm va v.
Hy tip tc th kim tra tia ngm gia mt s cp im t chn.
Bc 6. Lp bn dc
Trn thanh cng c 3D Analyst bm nt 3D Analyst ri chn Surface Analysis
Slope. Trn mn hnh s hin ra hp thoi Slope.
Trong hp thoi Slope gi nguyn cc gi tr mc nh nh hnh v sau:
Bm nt OK, ArcMap s to ra lp Slope of Spline of Langson_Elevation vi mt
cell cha dc (o bng ).
Hy nghin cu dc khu vc th x Lng Sn.
i tn lp bn dc thnh LangSon_Slope
s dng bn dc cho bi tip theo, hy bm chut phi vo n ri chn
thc n Save As Layer file, trong hp thoi hin ra hy ghi vo file
LangSon_Slope.lyr th mc C:\ArcGIS_course\3D_Analyst\OutPut
Bc 7. V ng bnh
Trn thanh cng c 3D Analyst bm nt 3D Analyst ri chn Surface Analysis
Contour.
Trong hp thoi Contour hin ra (hnh di) Input Surface chn Spline of
LangSon_Elevation, Output features chn
C:\ArcGIS_course\3D_Analyst\OutPut\LangSon_Contour.shp l tn file u ra.
Cc khc gi nguyn gi tr mc nh.
Bm nt OK, ArcMap s to ra lp LangSon_Contour. Hy tt cc lp Slope of
Spline of Langson_Elevation v Spline of Langson_Elevation trong TOC hin
th ng bnh r hn.
Bc 8. nh s ng bnh
bc trn, cc ng bnh cn cha c ch gii v cao.
Vo Properties ca lp LangSon_Contour, trang Labels
Hy to nhn theo trng CONTOUR, phng ch l Arial, 8. Bm vo Labels
Placement Options ri chn cc tham s nh hp thoi sau:
59
Bm nt OK 2 ln ng cc hp thoi li.
Phng to mt khu vc thy r cc ng bnh , v d nh trong hnh v
sau:
Bc 9. Xy dng m hnh s cao di dng TIN
Trn thanh cng c 3D Analyst bm nt 3D Analyst ri chn Create/Modify TIN
Create TIN from features.
Trong hp thoi Create TIN from features hin ra (hnh di) chn Layers l
Langson_Elevation (lp cha d liu v cao), Height source l Elevation (tn
trng cha cao ca lp Langson_Elevation), Triangulate as: Mass points,
Output TIN l C:\ArcGIS_course\3D_Analyst\OutPut\LangSonTIN.
Bm nt OK, ArcMap s to ra lp mi l LangSonTIN.
Hy dng cng c zoom Full Extent hin th TIN kn ca s ArcMap. Sau
tt tt c cc lp trong TOC ch li lp LangSonTIN d quan st.
Hy ra khi ArcMap, khng cn ghi li file bn .
Bc 10. Hin th m hnh s cao TIN bng ArcScene
Trong Windows vo thc n Start Programs ArcGIS ArcScene chy
ArcScene.
ArcScene s to mt project mi cha c tn.
Bm nt Add Data (ging nh trong ArcMap) ri thm lp TIN va to
bc trc theo ng dn sau:
C:\ArcGIS_course\3D_Analyst\OutPut\LangSonTIN
60
cao khu vc th x Lng Sn thay i trong khong 200-500m, tc l rt nh
so vi kch thc ca khu vc (khong 8 x 8km). Do , hin th TIN trc
quan hn, chng ta s phng i m hnh TIN theo phng thng ng (phng
Z) ln 10 ln bng cch sau:
Trong TOC ca ArcScene bm chut phi vo Data Frame "Scene layers" ri
chn thc n Properties:
Trong hp thoi Scene Properties hin ra (hnh di), chn Vertical
Exaggeration bng 10:
Bm nt OK v hy nhng thay i trn mn hnh.
TIN hin th r hn, hy vo hp thoi Properties ca n, trang Symbology,
ri th thay i Color ramp v mu nu vi 15 classes.
M hnh s cao c th c nhn di cc gc khc nhau bng cng c
Navigate trn thanh cng c ca ArcScene (pha trn bn tri). Sau khi chn
cng c Navigate hy bm chut vo mt im bt k trong ca s ArcScene,
khng nh chut ra, ko n n mt v tr khc. Bn hy th quan st DEM ca
th x Lng Sn di cc gc khc nhau.
Sau khi nghin cu DEM xong, hy ra khi ArcScene v khng cn ghi li
project.
61
62
Bi 12. Spatial Analyst
Trong bi ny chng ta s s dng mt extention khc ca ArcView l
Spatial Analyst tm v tr ti u cho mt trng PTTH d kin s c xy
dng th x Lng Sn.
Kin thc nn
Spatial Analyst l mt extention ca ArcView. Vi Spatial Analyst bn c th
gii mt cch hiu qu cc bi ton khng gian. Spatial Analyst cn c hu
ht cc cng c ca 3D Analyst bi trc.
Bi tp
Gi s chng ta mun xy dng mt trng PTTH mi khu vc th x
Lng Sn. Yu cu t ra i vi v tr ca trng hc l:
1. Phi gn cc im dn c chnh. Cc im dn c c cho trong file:
Diem_dan_cu.shp.
2. Phi cch xa cc trng hc c. Hin nay th x Lng Sn c 3
trng PTTH cho trong file: Truong_hoc.shp.
3. Phi nm trong khu vc c a hnh bng phng. Bn dc khu
vc th x Lng Sn c to ra trong layer LangSon_slope.lyr bi
trc.
4. Phi nm trn cc loi t thun li cho vic gii phng mt bng. Tt
nht l nm trn t cha s dng hay t nng nghip. Khng c
nm trn mt sng, h. Bn hin trng s dng t th x Lng Sn
c cho trong file LangSon_LandUse.shp
gii quyt bi ton t ra, chng ta s tnh im cho tng v tr theo c 4
yu t trn. Cch tnh im c cho trong bng sau:
STT Tn yu t Min Max Trng s
1 im dn c xa nht: 2 im gn nht: 10 im 0.3
2 Trng hc gn nht: 5 im xa nht: 10 im 0.2
3 dc dc nht: 1 im phng nht: 10 im 0.3
4 Loi t t : 6 im
sng/h: No Data (cm)
t hoang: 10 im 0.2
im chung cuc cho tng v tr c tnh nh sau:
im chung cuc = 0.3*(im dn c) + 0.2*(Trng hc) + 0.3*( dc)
+ 0.2*(Loi t)
Cc v tr c im chung cuc ln nht s thch hp nht cho vic xy trng
hc.
S cc bc thc hin c cho trong hnh v sau:
Bn HT
SD t
Chuyn v
Raster
Phn loi,
tnh im
Cc khu
dn c
To Raster
khong cch
Phn loi,
tnh im
Trng hc
c
To Raster
khong cch
Phn loi,
tnh im
Bn
dc
Phn loi,
tnh im
Tnh im chung cuc
Trnh by kt qu
Bc 1. Bt Spatial Analyst Extention
Khi ng ArcMap nu n cha chy v to mt bn mi
Vo thc n Tools Extentions
Trong hp thoi hin ra nh du vo Spatial Analyst ri bm nt Close
Vo thc n View ToolBars Spatial Analyst, trn mn hnh s hin th ra
thanh cng c Spatial Analyst:
Nu thanh cng c khng hin ra th vo thc n View ToolBars Spatial
Analyst
63
Bc 2. Nhp d liu
Thm 3 shapefile sau vo ArcMap: LangSon_LandUse.shp, Truong_hoc.shp,
Diem_dan_cu.shp th mc C:\ArcGIS_course\Spatial_Analyst v layer file
Langson_Slope.lyr th mc D:\ ArcGIS_course\3D_Analyst\OutPut
To Symbology cho lp LangSon_LandUse theo trng Ten_loai_dat. Nghin
cu s phn b ca cc loi t trong khu vc.
Hin th lp Truong_hoc bng k hiu c sn School 2, mu xanh l cy Macaw
Green.
Hin th lp Diem_dan_cu bng k hiu Circle 1, mu Mars Red, c 10.
Hy nghin cu v tr ca cc trng hc v im dn c th x Lng Sn.
Bc 3. t cc tham s ca Spatial Analyst
Cch t tham s cho Spatial Analyst cng tng t nh i vi 3D Analyst
bi trc, c th nh sau:
Trn thanh cng c Spatial Analyst bm nt Spatial Analyst ri chn Options.
Trn mn hnh s hin ra hp thoi Options
Trong trang General hy t Working Directory l :
C:\ArcGIS_course\Spatial_Analyst\OutPut\
Bm sang trang Extent t gii hn khu vc lm vic. Trong Analyst Extent
chn Same as Layer "LangSon_LandUse"
Bm sang trang Cells Size t kch thc cc im raster. Trong bi tp ny
hy t "As specified bellow": 20 (mt).
Bc 4. Chuyn bn hin trng s dng t v dng raster
c th phn loi ri tnh im cho cc loi t ta phi chuyn bn
HTSD t t dng vect v raster.
Trn thanh cng c Spatial Analyst bm vo nt Spatial Analyst ri chn Convert
Features To Raster.
Trong hp thoi hin ra (hnh di) Input features chn lp
LangSon_LandUse, Field chn "Ten_loai_dat", Output raster g tn file u
ra l C:\ArcGIS_course\Spatial_Analyst\OutPut\LS_LandUseR (mi cell ca file
raster u ra s cha gi tr trong trng Ten_loai_dat)
Bm nt OK, ArcMap s to ra lp mi c tn l LS_LandUseR trong TOC.
Trong cc bc tip theo ta khng cn bn HTSD t dng vect na nn s
loi b n i bng cch bm chut phi vo LangSon_LandUse ( trong TOC)
ri chn thc n Remove. Trn mn hnh s hin th ra lp LS_LandUseR mi
to ra song b che khut.
Bc 5. Phn loi (tnh im) cho cc loi hnh s dng t bng cng
c Reclassify
Trn thanh cng c Spatial Analyst bm vo nt Spatial Analyst ri chn
Reclassify, trn mn hnh s hin th ra hp thoi Reclassify (hnh di)
Trong Input Raster chn LS_LANDUSE
Trong Reclass field chn Ten_loai_dat. Spatial Analyst s t ng hin th cc
gi tr ca trng ny trong Set values to Reclassify
Do trng hc khng c xy dng trn t Sng / H nn loi t ny s
khng c cho im (No Data). Hy bm chut chn dng Sng / H trong
khung Set values to Reclassify ri bm nt Delete Entries. Dng ny s bin mt.
ct New Values ca khung Set values to Reclassify hy nhp cc gi tr sau l
im ca tng loi t: t cha s dng: 10; t nng nghip: 8 v t : 6
nh du Change missing values to No Data
Cc tham s cn li gi nguyn gi tr mc nh nh hnh v sau:
64
Bm nt OK. Spatial Analyst s to ra mt layer mi c tn l Reclass of
LS_LANDUSER. rng lp ny ch c 3 gi tr (value) so vi 4 gi tr ca
LS_LANDUSER do t sng/h b loi b (No Data). Cc v tr tng ng vi
loi t ny khng c t mu.
Bc 6. To raster cha khong cch ti cc khu dn c
Trc khi tnh im cho khong cch ti cc khu dn c ta phi to 1 file d
liu raster, trong gi tr ca mi cell (pixel) l khong cch t cell ti
khu dn c gn nht.
Distance Straight Line.
Trong hp thoi hin ra (hnh di) Distance to chn lp Diem_dan_cu. Cc
tham s khc gi nguyn gi tr mc nh.
Bm nt OK. Spatial Analyst s to ra lp mi Distance to Diem_dan_cu (hnh
di).
Bc 7. Phn loi (tnh im) cho khong cch ti cc khu dn c
Reclassify, trn mn hnh s hin th ra hp thoi Reclassify (hnh di)
65
Trong Input raster chn lp: Distance to Diem_dan_cu. Spatial Analyst s t
ng phn cc gi tr c th c thnh 9 khong. Tuy nhin, trong bi ny chng
ta ch mun chia thnh 5 khong.
Bm vo nt Classify, trong hp thoi hin ra (hnh di) chn Method l Equal
Interval, Classes bng 5. Bm OK ng hp thoi ny li, ta s quay tr v
hp thoi Reclassify (hnh trn).
Trong ct New Value ca Set values to reclassify ln lt g cc im 10, 8, 6,
4, 2 cho cc khong cch (im 10 cho khong cch gn nht)
nh du Change missing values to NoData
Bm nt OK. Spatial Analyst s to ra layer mi Reclass of Distance to
Diem_dan_cu vi 5 gi tr t 2 n 10 l s im cho khong cch.
Bc 8. To raster cha khong cch ti cc trng hc c
Lm tng t nh bc 6 song thay Diem_dan_cu bng Truong_hoc ta s c
lp Distance to Truong_hoc, trong gi tr (mu sc) ca mi cell khong cch
ti trng hc gn nht.
Bc 9. Phn loi (tnh im) cho khong cch ti cc trng hc
Lm tng t nh bc 7 song khc ch thay lp Distance to Diem_dan_cu
bng Distance to Truong_hoc, chia thnh 6 khong u, khong cch ln nht
cho im 10, khong cch ngn nht cho im 5. Cc tham s cn li nh hnh
v sau:
Ta s c lp Reclass of Distance to Truong_hoc.
Bc 10. Phn loi (tnh im) cho dc
Lm tng t nh bc 7 song khc ch thay lp Distance to Diem_dan_cu
bng Langson_slope, chia thnh 10 khong u nhau, dc nh nht cho im
10, dc ln nht cho im 1.
66
Spatial Analyst s to ra lp Reclass of Langson_Slope
Bc 11. Tnh im chung cuc
tnh im chung cuc ta s s dng cng c Raster Calculator cng cc
gi tr 4 lp Reclass of LS_LANDUSER, Reclass of Distance to
Diem_dan_cu, Reclass of Distance to Truong_hoc, Reclass of Langson_Slope
theo tng Cell vi h s t l cho trong bng v cng thc u bi.
Trn thanh cng c Spatial Analyst bm vo nt Spatial Analyst ri chn Raster
Calculator. Trn mn hnh s hin th ra hp thoi Raster Calculator (hnh di)
Hy dng chut bm vo danh sch Layers v cc nt tng ng to ra biu
thc nh trong hnh v di
Bm nt Evaluate. Spatial Analyst s to ra lp Calculation vi gi tr mi cell
l im chung cuc gn cho cell .
Bc 12. Hin th cc im thun li cho vic xy dng trng hc mi
lm ni bt cc im thun li cho vic xy dng trng hc mi ta s
to Symbology cho lp Calculation sao cho nhng im thun li s c mu
xanh, khng thun li mu nu v nhng im khng th xy dng c
(sng, h) mu xm. Tiu chun coi im l thun li c cho bng 9
im (tnh theo im chung cuc).
M hp thoi Properties ca lp Calculation, trang Symbology
Show chn phng php l Classified
classes chn 2 (khong). Bm vo nt Classify.
Trong hp thoi hin ra chn Method l Manual, trong Break Values thay gi tr
u bng 9. Bm nt OK.
67
Ta s quay v hp thoi Properties.
Nhy p vo k hiu mu cho cc khong ri thay i mu nh sau: khong
5.4-9 im mu Mango (dng 2 ct 4 trong bng mu). khong 9-9.6 im mu
Peridot Green (dng 3 ct 6 trong bng mu).
i mu cho Display No Data as thnh mu xm 30% (hnh di).
Bm nt OK. Trn mn hnh s hin ra bn trong nhng a im thun li
cho vic xy dng trng hc mi c t mu xanh l cy:
Bc 13. Ghi li bn
Ghi li bn vi tn l Tim_truong_hoc th mc
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