LIGHTING CALCULATIONS

8-41
Calculations with line sources.
25
For a perfectly diffusing line source,
the candlepower at any angle in the plane containing the source axis is
approximately equal to the maximum candlepower times the cosine of the
angle. This relationship is reasonably accurate for fluorescent lamps and
other sources where the diameters are small compared to the length.
_
The formulas most frequently used for calculations involving a perfectly
diffusing line source are:
F = 7T
2
T J. u J.
max
where F =
flux (lumens) emitted per unit length
I
max
=
maximum candlepower
and E
= L =
IXA
2d 2d
where E = illumination on a plane parallel to the source
d = distance from source to plane (feet)
B =
brightness (footlamberts)
F
=
total flux (lumens)
A =
area (square feet)
The lumen output of fluorescent lamps divided by the maximum candle-
power is somewhat lower than t
2
because the emission is not completely
diffuse. For 15- to 100-watt preheat-starting fluorescent lamps the range is
9.15 to 9.30, with an average value of 9.25.
25
It will be noted that the illumination from a line source of infinite length
varies inversely as the distance but not inversely as the square of the dist-
ance. Figure 8-12 illustrates the relationship for a 4-foot line source.
2
3 4 5 6
SOURCE-PLANE DISTANCE IN FEET
FIG. 8-11. Average illumination produced on parallel planes at various distances
from a diffuse line source of a length equal to or greater than the distance varies in-
versely as the distance. As the distance exceeds the length of the source, the rela-
tionship approaches the inverse -square-law condition characteristic of point sources.