PQ01 Introduction.

Voltage dips and short interruptions

PART 1 Introduction to Power Quality
0.1. Generalities about Power Quality
Rationale for PQ. Scoping. Consumer and supplier perspectives
0.2. Power quality components.
Quality of Supply; commercial, continuity, voltage
0.3. Electromagnetic disturbances affecting the power quality
Types of disturbances
0.4. Cost of Poor Power Quality
PQ cost based on LPQI Survey
0.5. The Susceptibility of Equipment. Compatibility Levels.
Compatibility concept; immunity versus emissions, planning level
0.6. Generalities on measurement methods and aggregation of power quality parameters
Classes of equipment; A, B, C. Measurement process; selecting place, transferring signal,
measurement, evaluation interpretation analysis. Time aggregation. Flagging.
PART 2 Voltage dips and short interruptions
1.1. Description of disturbances. Sources.
Definitions; classification per duration and voltage drop, # phases, shape. Formulas describing
disturbances. Sources. Perspectives from different place in the systems. Propagation of
disturbances. Area of vulnerability.
1.2. Effects of voltage dips and short interruptions
Effects in general. Asynchronous and synchronous motors. Variable speed drives. Relays,
contactors, starters. Electronics. High pressure discharge lamps.
1.3. Mitigation methods and solutions
Level and universalism of solution. Utility level. Auto reclosing schemes. Reconfiguration.
User techniques; static transfer, voltage and VAR compensators, backup systems - UPS,
duplicating feeders. Equipment immunity improvement, ride thru techniques
1.4. Measurements
Channels, windows, thresholds. Standards. Reporting results tables
1.5. Methods of analysis
Short circuit conditions. Direct site measurements. Severity index. Other indices; SARFI,
SIARFI, SMARFI. MAIFI and SAIFI
1.6. Standardization
EN 50160, 61000 series, IEEE 1159, 1564P
1.7.Contract
General provisions, monitoring period, voltage reference and thresholds. Measurement
locations. Common reporting and interpretation.
References and other Leonardo ENERGY resources