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All Igation
All Igation
=
.... (2)
Equation (2) gives the ratio of
1
f and
2
f .
The above equation may also be expressed
by the diagram given below.
Alligation
I II
1
x
2
x
X
( ) X
2
x : ( )
1
X x
2 1
: f f
(cross-difference (cross-difference of
of
2
x and X )
X
and
1
x )
The above diagram can be alternatively
expressed as given below.
X
is the
weighted mean of
1
x and
2
x .
x
1
x
2
X
A
2
1
X
difference
of and x
A
1
2
X
difference
of x and
2 1 2 1
: : f f = A A
Ex. 1: A person travels the distance of 405 km in
9 hrs. He travels a certain distance at 25
km/hr and the remaining distance at 90
km/hr. Find the distance that he travelled
at 90 km/hr.
Soln: Average speed =
9
405
= 45 km/hr
45 km/hr is the weighted mean of 25 km/
hr and 90 km/hr.
Here weight is time spent with each of the
speeds.
I II
25 km/hr 90 km/hr
45 km/hr
45 20
9 : 4
Time taken with the rate of 90 km/hr =
13
36
9
4 9
4
= |
.
|
\
|
+
hrs
K KUNDAN
Distance travelled =
13
3240
90
13
36
=
km
Ex. 2: In an objective exam of 100 questions, 4
marks is allotted for every correct answer
and 1 mark is deducted for every wrong
answer. After attempting all the 100 ques-
tions, a student got the total of 270 marks.
Find the number of questions that he at-
tempted wrong.
Soln: Average marks obtained per question
=
7 . 2
100
270
=
It means that 2.7 is the weighted mean of
4 and 1. Here, weights or frequencies are
number of questions associated with cor-
rect and wrong answers.
C W
4 1
2.7
3.7 1.3
37 : 13
Number of questions attempted wrong by
the student =
100
13 37
13
|
.
|
\
|
+
= 26 ques-
tions.
Directions (Ex. 3-4): In the following bar
graph, percentage increase in sales of companies
A, B, C, D and E for the year 2001 is given.
30
45
-15
60
25
-20
-10
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
A B C D E
Name of company
P
e
r
c
e
n
t
a
g
e
i
n
c
r
e
a
s
e
i
n
s
a
l
e
Ex. 3: The companies A and B together have 35%
increase in sale at the end of 2001. Find
the ratio of sale of the companies A and B
at the beginning of 2001.
Soln: Overall percentage increase in the sale of
the companies A and B together is 35%. It
means that 35% is the weighted mean of
30% and 45% and the weight is the sale of
companies A and B at the beginning of the
year 2001.
A B
30% 45%
35%
10 5
2 : 1
Ex. 4: Percentage increase in the sale of the com-
panies A and B together and the companies
B and C together is 38% and 22% respec-
tively at the end of the year 2001. Find the
ratio of sale of the companies A, B and C at
the beginning of the year 2001.
Soln: First of all find the ratio of sale of the com-
pany A and the company B
38%, the overall increase in the sale of the
companies A and B together, i s the
weighted mean of 30% and 45%.
A B
30% 45%
38%
7 8 7 : 8
Now, we have to find the ratio of sale of the
company B and the company C in a similar
fashion.
B C
45% 15%
22%
37 23
37 : 23
Now, by the method of finding compound
ratio, we have
A : B : C
7 : 8
37 : 23
K KUNDAN
+
+
b a
b
b a
a
or, ( ) ( )b a 1950 3900 3900 5200 =
or,
2
3
1300
1950
= =
b
a
a : b = 3 : 2
and
the no. of girls = 26
5
2 65
=
.
Alligation Method: Here alligation is ap-
plicable for money per boy or girl.
Mean value of money per student
=
65
3900
= 60 P
Boys Girls
80 30
60
30 20
Boys : Girls = 3 : 2
Number of boys = 39 3
2 3
65
=
+
and number of girls = 65 39 = 26.
Ex. 6:A person travels 285 km in 6 hours in two
stages. In the first part of the journey, he
travels by bus at the speed of 40 km per hr.
In the second part of the journey, he trav-
els by train at the speed of 55 km per hr.
How much distance did he travel by train?
Soln: Detail Method: Let the person travels for x
hours by the train.
x = 3 hours.
Distance travelled by train
= 55 3 = 165 km.
Alligation Method: In this question, the
alligation method is applicable for the
speed.
Speed of bus Speed of train
40 55
Average Speed
6
285
6
45
6
45
required % increase = 7%
Ex. 8: A trader has 50 kg of pulses, part of which
he sells at 8% profit and the rest at 18%
profit. He gains 14% on the whole. What is
the quantity sold at 18% profit?
Soln: Detail Method: Let the quantity sold at
18% profit be x kg. Then the quantity sold
at 8% profit will be (50 x) kg.
For a matter of convenience suppose that
the price of pulse is 1 rupee per kg.
Then price of x kg pulse = Rs x and price of
(50 x) kg pulse = Rs (50 x)
Now we get an equation,
18% of x + 8% of (50 x) = 14% of 50
18x + 8(50 x) = 14 50
10x = 300
x = 30
By Alligation Method:
I Part II Part
8% profit 18% profit
14%
(mean profit)
4% 6%
= 4 : 6 = 2 : 3
Therefore the quantity sold at 18% profit =
30 3
3 2
50
=
+
kg.
Ex. 9: In a zoo, there are rabbits and pigeons. If
heads are counted, there are 200 and if legs
are counted, there are 580. How many pi-
geons are there?
Soln: Detail Method: Let the no. of rabbits be R
and the pigeons be P.
According to the question,
R + P = 200 ..... (i) and
4R + 2P = 580 .... (ii)
[
Rabbit : Pigeons = 9 : 11
\
|
=
100
120
7 150 = Rs 1260
Selling price of 50 kg wheat at 10% profit
|
.
|
\
|
=
100
110
7 50 = Rs 385
x
x
75 . 8 35 . 0 40 . 8 = + = x
x
or, x 15 = 4
x = 19
Ex. 13: A trader has 50 kg of rice, a part of which
he sells at 14% profit and the rest at 6%
loss. On the whole his loss is 4%. What is
the quantity sold at 14% profit and that at
6% loss?
Soln: Detail Method: Let the quantity sold at 14%
profit be x kg. Then the quantity sold at 6%
loss will be (50 x) kg.
For a matter of convenience suppose that
the price of rice is 1 rupee per kg.
Then price of x kg rice = Rs x and price of
(50 x) kg rice = Rs (50 x)
Now, we have
14% profit of x + 6% loss of (50 x) = 4% loss
of 50
or, 14% of x 6% of (50 x) = 4% of 50
or, 14x 300 + 6x = 200 or, 20x = 100
x = 5 kg and 50 x = 50 - 5 = 45 kg.
Therefore, the quantity sold at 14% profit =
5 kg and the quantity sold at 6% loss = 45
kg.
Alligation Method:
I Part II Part
14 ()6
()4
(as there is loss
on the whole)
2 18
13 : 2
Sum that is lent out @ 5%
= 15600 18000
15
13
=
3. 2; By the method of alligation:
I II
7.5% 5%
5%
10 2.5
4 : 1
Cost price of the bicycle which was sold on
the loss of 5% = 2000
5
1
= Rs 400
K KUNDAN
4. 2; See soln (2)
5. 3; See example (1)
6. 3; 3.12 lacs is the weighted mean of 2.45 lacs
and 3.56 lacs and the weight is the number
of students passing out from each of the
institute.
Mechanical Electronics
2.45 3.56
3.12
0.44 0.67 44 : 67
Clearly, 44 and 67 are prime to each other
it means that we cant further simplify the
antecedent and precedent.
The least number of electronics gradu-
ates passing out from the institute = 67.
7. 1; The overall % share 1.21% is the weighted
mean of share of Skoda Auto in year 2004-
05 and 2005-06.
By the method of alligation,
2004-05 2005-06
1.33% 1.1%
1.21%
0.11 0.12 11 : 12
Therefore the total no. of vehicles in 2004-
05 and 2005-06 is in the ratio 11 : 12.
8. 2; By alligation method:
20% 40%
25%
15 5
or 3 : 1
Quantity sold at 20% profit
= 5 . 37 50
1 3
3
=
+
kg
Quantity sold at 40% profit
= (50 37.5) = 12.5 kgs
9. 2; By the alligation method:
+20 5
+10
10 (5) = 15 10
or 3 : 2
Quantity sold at 20% profit
= 60 100
2 3
3
=
+
kgs
Quantity sold at 5% loss = (100 60) = 40
kgs.
10. 2; By the alligation method:
+10 6
4
2 14
or 1 : 7
Quantity sold at 10% profit = 20 160
7 1
1
=
+
kgs
Quantity sold at 6% loss = 160 20 = 140
kgs
11. 1; Overall % profit = % 5 100
1000
50
=
5 +20
+5
15 10
or 3 : 2
CP of watch sold at 5% loss
= 1000
2 3
3
+
= Rs 600
CP of watch sold at 20% gain
= 1000 600 = Rs 400.
12. 3; By the alligation method:
5 +6
0
6 5
CP of the table sold at 5% loss
= 2200
5 6
6
+
= Rs 1200
CP of the table sold at 6% profit
= 2200
5 6
5
+
= Rs 1000
13. 4; Let the remainder stock be sold at x% profit.
10 +x
+20
( ) 20 x 30
Now,
4 3
4 1
30
20
=
x
or,
3
1
30 20 = x
or,
10 20 + = x
or,
% 30 = x
profit
14. 4; By Alligation Method:
Average rate of interest
=
% 7
1 000 , 10
100 700
=
per annum
10% 5%
7%
2 3
Amount borrowed at 10%
= 000 , 10
3 2
2
+
= Rs 4000
K KUNDAN
Amount borrowed at 5%
= 000 , 10
3 2
3
+
= Rs 6000
15. 1; Rs 10,000 Rs 2000
Rs 3000
1000 7000
7
1
7000
1000
workers of Number
officers of Number
= =
No. of officers = 50 400
7 1
1
=
+
No. of workers = 400 50 = 350.
16. 3; Rs 150 Rs 40
Rs 50
10 100
10
1
100
10
labourers of Number
s supervisor of Number
= =
Total number of labourers = Total no. of su-
pervisors 10 = 15 10 = 150
17. 1; Here expenditure and savings are two in-
gredients of income. Therefore, we can
write as under, assuming x% as increase
in savings,
(% increase in (% increase in
Expenditure Savings
20% x%
16%
(% increase in income)
16 x 4
1
3
4
16
=
x
(given)
or,
12 16 = x
or,
% 4 = x
18. 2; Average money per head (boy or girl)
= Rs
75
675
= Rs 9
(Boys) (Girls)
Rs 20 Rs 5
(Average)
Rs 9
4 11
Number of boys = 20 75
11 4
4
=
+
Number of girls = 55 75
11 4
11
=
+
19. 2; (Boys) (Girls)
Rs 10 Rs 5
(Average)
Rs 7
2 3
2
3
boys of Number
girls of Number
=
Number of girls = 6 4
2
3
=
20. 1; Average value of 30 coins
=
30
100 12
= 40 paise
50 P 25P
40 P
15 10
or, 3 : 2
No. of 50 P coins = 18 30
2 3
3
=
+
No. of 25P coins = 30 18 = 12.