Outline for Negative Case Arguments

AT: Marine co-op Solves

SPECIFIC WORD BANK: science diplomacy, information sharing, ineffective, arbitrary,

NOTE: you can think of science diplomacy s as the ability for information sharing to improve
negotiations and government relations.
1) Science diplomacy fails
Dickson, 9 - Director of ScieDev.net (David, Science diplomacy: the case for caution, SciDev.net
2009, http://scidevnet.wordpress.com/2009/06/02/science-diplomacy-the-case-for-caution


AT: SCS conflict
SPECIFIC WORD BANK: Armed conflict, saber rattling, regional tensions, empty rhetoric, nationalist
rhetoric, freedom of navigation, PLA, PRC, sea power, economic ties, not zero sum

GENERAL WORD BANK: Military tensions, conflict, escalation, aggression, dispute. Nationalism, national
interest. Sino-American relations, Spratleys, Spratley Islands, Taiwan, Beijing, India, ASEAN, regionalism,
power projection, containment, sea lanes

NOTE: for this set of arguments what you are looking for evidence that says a conflict over the South
China Sea will not occur; you are looking for evidence that supports the argument that the countries are
just levying empty threats. Essentially all bark, no bite.
1) No risk of conflict - Vietnam and the Philippines do not have the economic
resources or US support
China Post, 11 (The China Post news staff Armed conflict for control of South China Sea unlikely
June 23, 2011 http://www.chinapost.com.tw/editorial/world-issues/2011/06/23/307134/Armed-
conflict.htm)
2) Conflicts wont escalatetheyll just be propelled towards peace talks
Gupta, 11 - Associate Fellow at the Institute for Defence Studies and Analyses in New Delhi (Rukmani,
October 23, 2011South China Sea Conflict? No Way http://thediplomat.com/2011/10/south-china-
sea-conflict-no-way/?all=true)
3) US never gets drawn in to the conflict
Thayer, 13 - Emeritus Professor at the University of New South Wales (Carlyle A., Why China and the
US wont go to war over the South China Sea 13 May 2013
(http://www.eastasiaforum.org/2013/05/13/why-china-and-the-us-wont-go-to-war-over-the-south-
china-sea/)



AT: Solvency

SPECIFIC WORD BANK: inefficiency, red tape, bureaucracy, timeframe, cumbersome,

GENERAL WORD BANK: science diplomacy, marine science, interdisciplinary, National Research Council,
National Science Foundation, Office of Naval research, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric
Administration, NOAA, capacity building, joint acquisition, International marine science partnerships
funding, funding requests, investigator grants, Ocean Research Advisory Panel, ocean observatories,
exclusive economic zones (EEZ), Senkaku Islands, Spratley islands, zero-sum, Asian pivot, international
norms;

NOTE: For this argument, you are looking for evidence that says other agencies in the United States will
be unwilling to participate in the NOPP. Basically, they are saying that they will not share their
information and research with the NOPP so there is no collaboration between peoples.
NOPP fails no actual agency participation
Pomponi, 4 - Acting Managing Director, Harbor Branch Oceanographic Institution (Shirley, U.S.
COMMISSION ON OCEAN POLICY PRELIMINARY REPORT HEARING BEFORE THE COMMITTEE ON
SCIENCE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES, 5/5 http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CHRG-
108hhrg93362/html/CHRG-108hhrg93362.htm)

NOTE: for this argument, you are looking for evidence that says either 1) the NOPP is ineffective or 2)
that just throwing money at the problem is not effective. Generally speaking, this set of evidence will
talk about bureaucratic red tape or regulations make this organization radically inefficient.
Funding the NOPP cant solve for decades
Avery, 13 - DIRECTOR, WOODS HOLE OCEANOGRAPHIC INSTITUTION (Susan, DEEP SEA CHALLENGE:
INNOVATIVE PARTNERSHIPS IN OCEAN OBSERVATION S. HRG. 113268, 6/13, gpo.gov)


Plan B
Info Sharing DA

NOTE: this is additional research that anyone can do if they feel ambitious. The Info sharing argument
says that opening up collaborative efforts between countries allows our competitors to steal our
technology and information. For this particular argument, you are looking for more general evidence
that opening up venues for cooperation allows them to catch up with us in areas where we hold
superiority. This can include space technology, nanotech, or just innovation and technological leadership
generally.

The US is winning the space race now, but Russia and China are main competitors- information
sharing like the aff makes them competitive with the US and causes conflict
Gruss, Military Analyst, 2-28-14 (Mike, February 28th, U.S. Space Assets Face Growing Threat From
Adversaries, Stratcom Chief Warns, http://www.spacenews.com/article/military-space/39669us-space-
assets-face-growing-threat-from-adversaries-stratcom-chief)

NOTE: Nanotech is a new technology that is current in its initial stages of development. Basically,
nanotech includes microscopic machines that are somewhat autonomous and can construct things at a
molecular level.

SPECIFIC WORD BANK: grey goo, nanobots, Kurwa, nanotech, replication, self-replicating, molecular

Data sharing crashes the economy, creates Sino-US military competition, and Chinese, Russian, and
Iran nanotech development
Clayton, Staff Writer and international analyst for CS Monitor, 2011 (Mark, November 3rd, US names
names China and Russia in detailing cyber-espionage, http://www.csmonitor.com/USA/Foreign-
Policy/2011/1103/US-names-names-China-and-Russia-in-detailing-cyberespionage)
No Arctic tensions now
Berkman, 6/23 - research professor at the Marine Science Institute and Bren School of Environmental
Science and Management (Paul Arthur, 06.23.2014 Stability and Peace in the Arctic Ocean through
Science Diplomacy http://www.sciencediplomacy.org/perspective/2014/stability-and-peace-in-arctic-
ocean-through-science-diplomacy)//gingE

Conflict is all hype
Dyer, 12 - London-based independent Canadian journalist, syndicated columnist and military historian
(Gwynne, 8/4/2012, "Race for Arctic Mostly Rhetoric",
www.winnipegfreepress.com/opinion/columnists/race-for-arctic-mostly-rhetoric-
164986566.html)//gingE

NOTE: this is additional evidence to support the argument that China will not initiate
conflict. It answers the top level thesis level claim of the South China Sea advantage
and Arctic conflict add on because it says that China does not have any interest in
initiating conflict.

Not physically possible for China to escalate conflicts
Cheng, 11 - Research Fellow in Chinese Political and Security Affairs in the Asian Studies Center at The
Heritage Foundation (Dean, Sea Power and the Chinese State: Chinas Maritime Ambitions July 11
th
,
2011 http://www.heritage.org/research/reports/2011/07/sea-power-and-the-chinese-state-chinas-
maritime-ambitions)

Conflicts dont escalate
Xinhua, 14 (China committed to peaceful settlement of maritime disputes
(Xinhua) 09:17, June 22, 2014 http://english.people.com.cn/n/2014/0622/c90883-8744596.html)//gingE

Economic incentives check against escalation of conflict
Tan, 14 Analyst for Channel News Asia (Valarie, Chinas push for economic ties ensures tensions
wont escalate: analysts May 30
th
, 2014 http://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/asiapacific/china-s-
push-for-economic/1129588.html)
General Keyword Bank

naval presence, aggression;

Ocean exploration, exploration program, development;

inter-agency, inter-governmental or international cooperation, dialogue, modeling, partnerships, model,
collaboration and/or coordination;

Regional coordination, research, fisheries, stability;

Existential threat, escalation, destabilization, foreign relations


Global international, multi-lateral, unilateral, bilateral agreements and/or policy;

Maritime trade routes, conflicts, agencies, law, fishing boundaries, boundaries, securities;

South China, Sea;

Chinese territorial claims, aggression, relations, jurisdiction, tensions, interests, territory, expansion,
trawlers, security, sovereignty, crisis;

Fishing zones, jurisdiction, management, resources, territories;

Exclusive economic zones, overfishing, ecosystem-based management,

Nuclear war, winter, extinction, devastation, miscalculation, escalation