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The recent controversy over the arrest of 3 players of Rajasthan Royals for alleged spot-fixing has brought the
spotlight on the murky side of IPL. Behind all the glitz and glamour, there is a world of corruption and greed. There
is also a growing view that betting on cricket (and sports in general) should be legalized.
Gambling and Sports Betting
Gambling is one of mankinds oldest vices and has been around in since ancient civilizations. Gambling forms a key
part of Mahabharata, where Duryodhana, with the help of Shakuni cheats Yudhisthira and the Pandavas in a game
of dice.
In Modern India though, Gambling has largely been seen by the government as a sinful activity, which must be
prohibited.
The Public Gambling Act of 1867 prohibits running or being in charge of a public gaming house. The penalty for
breaking this law is a fine of 200 rupees or imprisonment of up to 3 months. Additionally, this Act prohibits visiting
gambling houses. A fine of Rs 100 or imprisonment of up to one month is the penalty. The Information Technology Act
2000 regulates cyber activities in India and prohibits publication or transmission of information that can corrupt
people. This includes online gambling and the punishment for such activities is much more serious than for offline
gambling operations the fine is Rs 100,000 or imprisonment up to 5 years
Despite the existing prohibitive legislation, there is extensive illegal gambling throughout the country. The Indian
gambling market is estimated to be worth US $60 billion per year. This includes
(a) Legal gambling: Horse racing, Lotteries and Casinos (Sikkim and Goa are the only states where Casinos have
been legalized)
(b) Online gambling: Indians making bets through online sites based abroad. Money is transferred through credit
cards or various eWallet services. This is a legal grey area as these sites are legal in their own country
(c) Illegal gambling: Satta, Matka or Cricket betting run by illegal bookies many of them connected to the underworld,
with links to people like Dawood Ibrahim
Match Fixing and Spot fixing?
Match fixing is a term used to denote the fixing of a match to get a pre-determined outcome. This ensures (especially
so if it is an statistically unlikely outcome) that specific bookies win heavily at the expense of the bettors. For
example if we have a Pakistan Bangladesh match in a world cup, the odds favor a Pakistan win and it is likely that
most people bet on a Pakistan win. However if some players (or umpires) are bribed to ensure an upset win for
Bangladesh, then the bookies tend to make a lot of money.
However, given that a game like cricket is a team game with 11 players each, it is difficult to bribe all or a large
enough number of players to be sure of the outcome of the match. Hence Spot Fixing is known to be used. Spot Fixing
relates to betting on certain specific controlling sub events within the game, such as the number of runs scored by
a specific batsman, runs conceded in a particular over etc. Since Cricket is game with many such small outcomes
occurring almost every minute, it is highly vulnerable to spot fixing. And these smaller outcomes can be fixed by a
bribing a particular player. For example Ajit Chandila and Sreesanth are allegedly to have fixed the number of runs
to be conceded in a particular over (>11 runs for example). Also Mohd. Asif and Mohd Amir of Pakistan were
convicted of being bribed to bowl no balls at a predetermined point.
A new Law against Match Fixing
It seems to be that the Indian Penal Code has no law against Match or Spot Fixing and the players can at best be tried
under Section 420 relating to cheating. Who cheated whom? Can intention to cheat and wrongful loss be proven?
While it can be said that genuine sports lovers including ticket-paying spectators have been cheated, that would be
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difficult to prove. In fact, Rajasthan Royals, which has contracted the players, is the only entity who can file a
cheating compliant and the penalty appears too light.
The Union Law Ministry is said to be contemplating a new law that makes Match and spot fixing a criminal offence
creating provisions for strict punishment. Currently the minister is consulting the attorney general as well as Board
of Control for Cricket in India (BCCI) on this issue.
Should sports betting be legalized?
Following the controversy, many experts have called for a legalization of sports betting in the country. Lets study the
arguments for and against the proposal.
FOR
Legalizing sports betting would bring in more competition and transparency into the secret world of bookies, which
could curtail illegal betting. International betting houses have ensured that betting online is safe, secure and
subject to minimum interference by outsiders
People who place bets today have no legal protection in case of cheating by the bookie.
When something such as gambling is made illegal, it does not prevent the activity, it simply drives it underground.
It then allows criminal elements to earn and grow and even use the funds for other criminal activities like drug
smuggling and terrorism.
Competition from private legal betting corporations would wipe out or largely diminish illegal betting syndicates.
It would also make Match Fixing and Spot fixing easier to identify and punish.
Legalizing betting, the court said, would help the government keep track of the transfer of funds (currently done
through hawala channels) and even use the revenue generated for public welfare
Lastly the argument that laws should be made to protect us from injury or harm from others rather than to protect
us from ourselves by regulating actions that are made through free will and do not harm others
Against
Gambling is sinful activity, which should not be encouraged
Gambling is addictive and can ruin the individuals and families. There is substantial evidence that gambling can be
an addiction and people have been known to bankrupt themselves ruining their own lives as well as those of their
family.
Legalizing gambling may allow criminal elements to form legal corporations and indulge in money laundering.
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NAXAL s and SALWA JUDUM
The term Naxal derives from the name of the Naxalbari village in West Bengal, where the Naxalite movement had
its origin. The Naxals are considered far-left radical communists, supportive of Maoist political sentiment and
ideology. Their origin can be traced to the split in 1967 of the Communist Party of India (Marxist), leading to the
formation of the Communist Party of India (MarxistLeninist). Initially started in West Bengal and then in later
years, it spread into less developed areas of rural southern and eastern India, such as Chhattisgarh, Odisha and
Andhra Pradesh through the activities of underground groups like the Communist Party of India (Maoist). The
various groups CPI (ML), PWG, MCC etc have merged to become CPM (Maoist). They oppose our constitutional
democracy and seek to form a Peoples Govt through armed rebellion. They have a strong presence in the backward
especially Tribal areas, typically remote underdeveloped areas with forest cover. They have strong presence in the
states of Jharkhand, Bengal, Maharashtra and Chhattisgarh.
Chhattisgarh has always been a favorite with the Naxals. The Bastar and Dantewada districts of Chhattisgarh have
traditionally been sparsely populated and rich in natural resources but also with some of the poorest tribal
regions. The Naxalites progressively increased their influence and control among local tribals through a combination
of political mobilization (around poor governance, land rights, livelihood and social inequity) and force.
The first movement against the Naxalites in Chhattisgarh was the Jan Jagran Abhiyan, started in 1991 by Mahendra
Karma, a local tribal leader. This was mostly led by local traders and businessmen. This collapsed, and the leaders
had to seek police protection.
Then since June 2005, the Government of Chhattisgarh, with the support of the Home Ministry has been waging a
counter-insurgency operation against the Naxalites in a spontaneous, self initiated, peaceful, peoples movement
named the Salwa Judum in Dantewada district of Chhattisgarh. The district administration claims that upset with
the Maoist strike call on collecting Tendu leaves and opposition to development works like road construction and
grain levies, people in some 200 villages began mobilizing against the Maoists, going on processions and holding
meetings. Mahendra Karma, a Congress Member of the Legislative Assembly (MLA) and the leader of opposition in
the State Legislative Assembly became the public front and took the movement to various parts of the region.
Far from being a peaceful campaign, Salwa Judum activists are armed with guns, lathis, axes, bows and arrows. Up
to January 2007, 4048 Special Police Officers (SPOs) had been appointed by the Government under the Chhattisgarh
Police Regulations, who were paid an honorarium of Rs 1,500 (Rs 3000 in 2011) per month by the state government,
were trained and armed, with mostly .303 rifles. They actively participated in the Salwa Judum and are given
military and weapons training by the security forces as part of an official plan to create a civil vigilante structure
parallel to that of the Naxalites.
Salwa Judum herded villagers and tribals in makeshift camps, where human rights abuses were rife. Entire villages
were abandoned completely in order to deny supplies and information to the Maoists. Salwa Judum became increasingly
violent and out of control. Salwa Judum is also accused of burning and evacuating out 644 or more villages, making
300,000 people flee their homes. Since the inception of the movement in 2005, over 800 people, including some 300
security personnel, have been killed by the Naxalites, SPO deaths alone total 98 one in 2005; 29 in 2006; 66 in 2007;
and 20 in 2008, when the Maoists rebels continued their attacks, though now considerably more dramatic from the
previous years, they were now splitting into smaller groups and specifically targeting Salwa Judum leaders and
security personnel who were ambushed in weekly markets in remote areas, and their weapons stolen, also posters
threatening Salwa Judum leaders continued to appear in villages across Dantewada and Bijapur
As the situation further escalated in the past few years, Human Rights Watch reported atrocities at both ends, and
reported large scale displacement of the civilian population caught in the conflict between the Naxalites and Salwa
Judum activists with at least 100,000 people moving to various camps in southern Chhattisgarh or fleeing to
neighboring Andhra Pradesh as of early 2008. By mid-2008 the figure grew to 150,000 tribals being displaced. There
has been widespread criticism of this government supported militia consisting of uneducated and in some cases
minors with very little training. These SPOs have indulged in violent crimes including looting and rape. They have
systematically targeted villages where people have refused to move to Salwa Judum camps and cut them off from
supplies and access to education, healthcare etc
As reported in a leading newspaper, the Supreme Court directed the Chhattisgarh police to immediately cease and
desist from using SPOs in any manner or form in any activities, directly or indirectly, aimed at controlling, countering,
mitigating or otherwise eliminating Maoist/Naxalite activities and directed the police to recall all firearms issued
to these men. On July 6, 2011 Supreme Court declared Salwa Judum as illegal.
On 25
th
May 2013, Mahendra Karma was assassinated by naxalites in a Maoist attack while returning from
aParivartanRallymeetingorganizedbyhispartyinSukma.
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National News
The Supreme Court has ruled that non ferrous metals giant Vedanta
cannot resume bauxite mining in Odishas Niyamgiri hills. Indias top
court has ruled that the decision to allow Vedanta Resources to mine
bauxite in two districts of the eastern state of Odisha rests with local
tribes. The gram sabha, or village council, will look into the
environmental and religious issues and the rights of the local people
concerning the project. London-listed mining firm Vedanta, which is
owned by Indian businessman Anil Agarwal, plans to mine the Niyamgiri
hill range, home to deity Niyam Raja worshipped by the local tribe
Dongria Kondh. The Supreme Court has ruled that if the project affects
the tribes religious sentiments, then those rights need to be protected.
So far, Vedanta has spent $10 bn in Odisha to construct a power plant,
an alumina refinery and an aluminum smelter.
The Central government has ordered investigation against some 73 companies running ponzi schemes in West
Bengal for allegedly failing to pay back investors. The ministry of corporate affairs has received complaints against
87 companies out of which 73 are in Bengal.
Aruna Bahuguna, an Andhra IPS is the first women to be appointed as a CRPF
top rung. She is appointed Special Director General of CRPF, Indias largest
paramilitary force. She became the first woman officer to be appointed to the
top position. Her husband S. Jayaraman is also an IPS officer of the 1977 batch
of West Bengal cadre and is presently special secretary in the Union home
ministry handling internal security.
Justice Aftab Alam who was part of the Supreme Court bench which upheld the death sentence of Ajmal Kasab has
resigned.JusticeAlamalsoheadedthebenchwhichdeliveredtherecentverdictdismissingSwisspharmaceutical
major Novartis AGs plea seeking a patent for its cancer drug Glivec and thus paving the way for Indian firms to
manufacture generic drugs which can be afforded by lakhs of cancer patients here. He headed the forest bench after
the retirement of ex-Chief Justice S H Kapadia, which delivered the verdict on the mining issues in Odisha and
Karnataka.65-year-old Justice Alam was also the part of the bench which had ordered CBI probe into the fake
encounter killing of gangster Sohrabuddin Sheikh and subsequent elimination of his wife Kauser Bi by Gujarat
Police. The judge headed the bench which had ordered a CBI probe into the murder of Tulsiram Prajapati, a key
witness in the Sohrabuddin case. In both the cases former Gujarat Minister and BJP General Secretary Amit Shah is
an accused.
National Crime Records Bureau (NCRB) figures show that the sexual offence against
children has increased in the country in the last decade. The report says that a total of
48,338 child rapes were recorded between 2001-2011, and the nation saw an increase of
336%of such cases from 2113 (2001) to 7112 (2011).
The Union Home Ministry has decided to incentivize the chase for Maoists in Jharkhand, which witnessed the
maximum number of rebel attacks in the beginning of the year. The ministry notified that police personnel serving
in all the 18 Maoist-affected districts in Jharkhand would be eligible for Police Internal Security Medal, which was
earlier restricted to only three districts - Garhwa, Palamu and Chatra and not more than 10 cops had received the
medal.
Rail Ministers nephew was arrested for promising an officer a top job for Rs.10 cr bribe. According to the CBI, Vijay
Singla had demanded Rs 10 cr for making Mahesh Kumar a Member (Electrical) of the Railway Board. Rs 90 lakh was
the first instalment that was paid. The post is equivalent to that of a Secretary rank officer and is considered
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important for passing tenders for railway projects worth Rs 2,000 crore and above. Kumar was already promoted
as Member (Staff) of the board; the deal was that his next post would be Member (Electrical).
PM promises to accelerate reforms pace to make India more attractive for investors. We
are initiating measures to spur investment and to make India more attractive to investors,
both at home and abroad, Singh told the ADB (Asian Development Bank) annual meeting.
Although the PM did not mention specific measures, he referred to the food security bill.
We also plan to provide our people a legal entitlement to food at affordable cost, he said.
K Siddaramaiah of Congress party becomes the 22nd Chief Minister of Karnataka.
Karnataka state Legislative Assembly election was held on 5 May 2013 for 223
out of 224 assembly constituencies. The Indian National Congress emerged as
the majority party winning 121 seats defeating the incumbent Bharatiya Janata
Party (BJP) which won only 40 seats. The Janata Dal (Secular) and Karnataka
Janata Paksha (KJP) won 40 seats and 6 seats respectively.
State finance ministers have turned down the Centres request to place mobile phones and tablets on the list of
declared goods under the proposed goods and service tax regime, saying the idea is untenable.
The centre will launch the direct benefit transfer (DBT) scheme for LPG customers in 20 districts from June 1.
Announcing the decision to launch the DBTL, Petroleum and Natural Gas Minister Veerappa Moily on Wednesday
said that 76 lakh customers in 20 districts would get Rs 435 in their bank accounts every time they book an LPG
refill. Though the scheme is being launched as a pilot scheme, Moily said that the government wanted to extend the
scheme to the entire country.
In New Delhi, CBI arrested its own officer heading the coal allocation probe for allegedly taking a bribe of Rs.7 lakh
from a businessman outside its headquarters here to settle a land dispute. CBIs internal vigilance apprehended
Inspector Rajesh while receiving the bribe on behalf of SP Vivek Dutt, who was the Chief Investigator in the coal
blocks allocation scam case.
The government has appointed auditors for the RBI after consultingwith the Controller and Auditor General (CAG),
reversing earlier practice of involving the central bank in the selection process. The two auditors appointed by the
government are V Sankar Aiyar & Co and Haribhakti & Co.
A severe shortage of ginger triggered by a steep decline in production has hit domestic and
exports market. India is the worlds largest producer of ginger accounting for over 30%of the
worlds output.
Three dairy farms in technical collaboration with the Netherland government will be set up by
the Union government with a focus of enhancing the yield and improving the production of value-added products.
Maoists ambushed a Congress convoy in chhattisgarh and killed 25 people, including
Salwa Judum founder Mahendra Karma, state congress chief Nand Kumar Patel and his
son and critically injured former Union minister Vidya Charan Sukhla. The Chhattisgarh
government has named a panel to investigate Saturdays deadly attack. High court judge
Prashant Mishra would probe the attack and submit his report in three months.
Meanwhile, the central states top police and administration officials have been removed
after criticisms that security lapses led to the incident.
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The coal ministry has recommended Cabinet Committee on Economic Affairs (CCEA) to meet coal demands of 78,000
MW of power projects partly through imports since Coal India will not be able to cater more than 65-75% of
supplies from its domestic production.
Former President A.P.J. Abdul Kalam was conferred with US based National Space Societys
Wernher von Braun Memorial Award in San Diego on 24
th
May.
PM Manmohan Singh has presented the Padma Shri to Japanese Tamil scholar
Noburu Karashima for his outstanding contribution in literature. The 80-year-old
Mr. Karashima could not be present for the Padma awards ceremony in New Delhi
on April 5, 2013 due to health reasons. Mr. Karashima, presently Professor
Emeritus at the University of Tokyo, had spent several years in India as a research
scholar on South Indian history and epigraphy at the University of Madras.
A PIL has been filed before a Madras High court bench seeking reinvestigation into the assassination of former PM
Rajiv Gandhi.
Tamil Nadu is the only state to achieve the target set under the Saakshar Bharat scheme
by educating over 17.25 lakh adults. Over 6,304 coordinators in 3,152 centres were taking
classes on week days between 3 PM and 7 PM for these people. The Chief Minister had
encouraged more participation of women by introducing classes for soap making, tailoring,
candle making and artificial jewellery making.
India is the largest recipient of remittances in the world, receiving $ 69 billion in 2012, the World Bank has said.
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International News
International Monetary Fund (IMF) Chief Christine Lagarde was questioned by a French
Magistrate in May over an arbitration payment made to a wealthy supporter of former President
Nicolas Sarkozy. Lagarde has denied she did anything wrong when she ended a long-running
court battle between the state and Tapie by agreeing to arbitration to settle the dispute.
Islamist protesters clashed with opponents as they rallied to demand a purge of Egypts judiciary, a sign of rising
tension between the Islamist government and legal organs.
Bangladesh has signed the biggest ever joint venture agreement with India involving investment of $1.6 billion
for 1,320 MW coal fired power plant which is expected to be operational in five years.
Pakistan police took former President Pervez Musharraf into custody to face allegations that he
overstepped his powers while in office. An anti-terrorism court extended formerPakistan
President Pervez Musharrafs detention remanding him in judicial custody for two weeks and
then granted him bail in a case accusing him of illegally detaining judges after imposing
emergency in country in 2007.
US defence secretary Chuck Hagel has said a $10 billion arms deal under discussion with Arab and
Israeli allies sent a very clear signal to Tehran that military option remains on the table over
nuclear programme.
More than half of the men held at the Guantanamo camp have joined a hunger strike to protest their detention. The
US military counted 84 of the 166 prisoners as strikers and was forced feeding 16 of them liquid meals.
Israels senior military intelligence analyst has said that the Syrian government had repeatedly used chemical weapons
in the last month.
Former Egyptian finance minister Youssef Boutros Ghali was sentenced in absentia to life in
prison in a corruption case.
With over 6 million unemployed, Spains jobless rate shot up to a record 27.2 per cent in the first quarter of the year.
Syrian prime minister Wael-al-halki has survived a bomb attack on his convoy in Damascus.
At least 14 people were killed and scores injured as Islamists , demanding tougher blasphemy law , fought with the
police in Dhaka promoting a ban on rallies.
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The British Embassy is temporarily withdrawingsome of its staff from Libya over concern about political uncertainty
and the risk of clashes between rival armed groups in Tripoli.
Bulgarian parties tried to cobble together a government after an election delivered a split parliament and left it in
political stalemate.
North Korea has replaced the hard line General Kim Kyok Sik who headed its armed forces
ministry, in a further reshuffling of the top brass by leader Kim Jongum.
Russia has sent advanced anti-ship cruise missiles to Syria , a move that illustrates the depth of its support for the
Syrian Government led by President Bashar al Assad.
An Indian police unit in Democratic Republic Of Congo has received the UN Peace KeepingMedal for itshigh level of
commitment towards fighting criminals and maintaining peace in African nations.
North Korea launched three short-range guided missiles into the sea off its east coast, the South Korean
defence ministry said.
French President Francois Hollande has signed into a bill allowing same-sex marriage making
France the 14
th
country to legalize gay weddings.
Thousands of people protested in Rome against austerity policies and high unemployment, urging the new Prime
Minister Erico Letta to focus on creating jobs to help pull the country out of recession.
Mountaineer Samina Baig has become the first Pakistani woman to scale the Mount Everest, the
worlds highest mountain peak at 8,848 meters. An 80-year-old Japanese man also became the
oldest person to climb to the top of the Mount Everest on 24
th
May.
Irans electoral watch dog said it would bar physically feeble candidates from running from president, in an apparent
hint that it would disqualify 78-year-old former president Akbar Rafsanjani from the race.
Pakistan and China has agreed to consolidate their partnership and create joint economic corridor
to promote bilateral economic cooperation during Chinese Prime Ministers Li Keqiang visit to
Islamabad.
More than 70 people were killed in a wave of bombings in Shia markets across Baghdad in worsening
sectarian violence in Iraq.
Myanmar opposition leader Aung San Suukyi has condemned policing by a district government to
limit Muslims families to two children.
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Business News
Reliance Industries is in the process of raising close to a billion dollars from leading global financial institutions and
banks, including JP Morgan, Wells Fargo, Citi and Barclays, by using its shale gas reserves in the US as collateral.
Mukesh Ambanis Jio Infocomm has received a nod for using 10,000 mobile numbers it would
require to test its 4G services without any compensation to be paid the government. Out of
these, 4,000 numbers have been allotted for Delhi and Mumbai each, and the rest 2,000 in
Jamnagar in Gujarat.
The Supreme Court allowed Sesa Goa and eight other iron ore companies to
restart operations in Karnataka. Indias top court today allowed Sesa Goa
Ltd. (SESA) and eight other iron ore companies to restart operations in
Karnataka, 21 months after imposing a mining ban in the southern state for
environmental breaches.
Alto retained its top selling slot in the Indian market , though sales slipped 15%to 2.66 lakh year-on-year. Sales of
mid-level cars like Maruti Swift jumped 20%, Hyundai i20s 18%, Mahindra Boleros 17%in FY2013.
Cairn India plans to invest 5000 crore on its Rajasthan oil fields in three years to 2016 for an over arching
integrated block development plan even as it seeks extension of block contract beyond 2020. Cairn India has
posted a 17 per cent jump in profit.
Global sales of connecting devices like smart phones, tablets and PCs are expected to surpass 2.2 billion units and
touch revenues of $814.3 billion by 2017.
Power and automation technology firm ABB will acquire US based solar energy company power-one for over $1
billion.
After Nokia and Royal Dutch Shell, the income tax department has sent a demand notice to software giant Microsofts
Indian arm, which said it has challenged the same.
Jet Airways has announced a strategic alliance with Etihad Airways, saying it would sell 24%stake to the Abu Dhabi
based carrier for about 2,058 cr, marking the first investment by foreign carrier in an Indian Airline since the
changes in FDI policy.
The biggest borrowing bank from the US government emergency
programme is Bank of America with total loan amount 67 Billion.
Indias largest hospital chain Fortis Healthcare will raise $100 million (Rs 540 crores) from IFC
Washington, the private sector arm of the World Bank.
India in its first agreement to buy LNG from the US , Petronet LNG , Indias biggest liquid gas importer has signed an
initial pact with Houston based United LNG to buy 4 million tonnes of liquefied natural gas per annum for 20 years
beginning 2018.
The governments indirect tax collection for 2012-13 has exceeded the revised estimate by Rs.6000 cr. Indirect tax
collection as on April 22 stood at Rs 4.75 lakh cr. The revised indirect tax collection from Customs, central excise
and service tax was Rs 4.69 lakh crore. Finance Ministry official said combining (indirect and direct tax), we have
met the target.
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Swedish fashion retail giant Hennes & Mauritzz has sought the governments permission to
enter the single brand retail segment in India.
Meru cabs , the countrys largest radio taxi operators, will put 1,000 new sedan class cars on Delhi roads by this year
end to cope with increasing passenger demand in the national capital and its adjoining satellite towns.
The Asian Development Bank has said that it would lend $2 billion annually over the next three
years to India.
Salary burden of telecom firm BSNL in 2011-2012 rose to Rs. 13,406 cr , almost half of its revenue , with as much as
Rs. 5,000 crores being spent on one lakh employees who were in excess of the requirement.
Facebooks monthly active users rose 23%to 1.11 billion in January March 2013 compared to the
year ago period thanks to India and Brazil.
Cargo Traffic at 12 major ports in the nation declined by 2.58%at 545.68 million tonnes during 2012-13.
The government is lookingto launch a 20 cr share sale by divesting 10%equity in Coal India which will single-handedly
meet half of this years disinvestment target and is expected to be completed by September 2013.
The government has approved a proposal to set up two ports in Bengal and Andhra Pradesh at an investment of
about 15,820 crore.
Corporate Raider Carl Icahm and other investors made a new offer for DELL, calling a plan private
equity buyout by company founder Michael Dell a giveaway.
Fertilizer Cooperative major IFFCO has linked alongterm agreement with a Brazilian mining company Vale SA for the
supply of rocket phosphate , used in manufacturing phosphatic soil nutrients.
Five merchant bankers , including ICICI Securities and IDFC are in the race to manage a 10%stake in Engineers India,
which could fetch the government about 625 crore at the current share price.
Ranbaxy to pay $500 million fine under the settlement agreement with the US department of justice.
The State Bank of India today urged the RBI to act as a uniformregulator for all key lending agencies, particularly the
housing finance companies whom the bank is competing for retail customers in the home loan segment.
Drugmajor Cipla has said shareholders of South Africa-based Cipla Medpro had approved
its around $512 million takeover offer.
The Essar Group, owned by brothers Shashi and Ravi Ruia, will sign deals with a leading
Chinese bank and its largest oil & gas producer and distributor , deepening the BPO-to-
steel conglomerates engagement with the worlds second largest economy.
KFC sales in China fell down by 29%in April as concerns about the safety of its chicken and the spread
of avian flu had customers steering clear of KFC restaurants.
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The recent Reserve Bank of India derivative that banks can import gold on consignment basis for genuine
exports has opened a door for the entry of gold dore bars , which has less than 95%gold content.
Heidelberg Cement India decided to sell its .6 million tonnes per annum grinding facility in Raigad to JSW group for
an undisclosed sum.
The finance minister on Wednesday agreed to dole out a record Rs.1,00,000 cr towards and
LPG subsidy in 2012-13 but wants pricing formula to be changed from the current year.
Wockhardt has been banned from exporting products fromits Aurangabad factory to the USafter that the countrys
food & drug regulator issued an import alert , citing concerns over the quality of drugs manufactured at the
factory.
Ranbaxy agreed to pay a fine of $500 million for selling adulterated drugs in the US market. It is the largest financial
penalty paid by any generic drug maker in the US for violating the provisions of the Federal Food, Drug and Cosmetic
Act (FDCA).
Nestle India declared a change in its India management with its current chairman and managing
director Antonio Helio Waszyk to be replaced by Etienne Benet.
Japanese car giant Nissan will recall 22,188 units of its small car Micra and sedan Sunny in India
because of faulty breaking system , as a part of global exercise to rectify the problem.
England-based Chinese food chain YoYo Noodle plans to invest over Rs. 210 cr over the next five years to open as
many as 200 outlets in the country.
ICICI intends to ask the reserve bank of India to relax its 70 year age limit for bank
chairmen in order to give Kundapur Vaman Kamath the opportunity to stay on as the
chairman of the countrys second largest commercial bank until 2019.
US based auto component maker Johnson controls said that it had bought out its Indian partner Tata automotive
components from their joint venture for an undisclosed sum.
An inter-ministerial group has approved a 7.64 per cent government stake sale in National Fertilisers Limited, which
is expected to fetch over Rs 175 crore to exchequer.
Ireland is to become the first country in the European Union (EU) to ban all trademarks, logos, colours and graphics
on cigarette packaging by using plain packages said by the government.
Procter & Gamble (P&G) has announced that the former Chairman and CEO AG Lafley would
be comingout of retirement to replace current CEO Bob McDonald, who will retire at the end
of June, 2013.
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Sports/Entertainment News
Olympic great Sir Chris Hoy announced his retirement from cycling. Hoy is eleven-timeworld
champion, six-time Olympic champion and a winner of a total of seven Olympic
Gamesmedals,sixgoldandonesilver.HoyisthemostsuccessfulOlympiccyclistofalltime.
India has won four medals in the International Skating Union, held in Singapore. India won gold in Junior Boys 1000
m and Junior Boys 500 m, silver medal in Junior Girls 500 m and bronze in Junior Girls 100 m. The Indian Boys team
comprised Sohan Tarkar (Mumbai) and Prathik Prasad (Bengaluru) while Seeliya Simmith and Avani Kumar
(Mangalore) and Varsha Kukreja (Mumbai).
Sachin Tendulkars wax statue was unveiled at the Sydeny Cricket Ground (SCG), Australia.
Dimple Kapadia received the Padma Bhushan for late actor Rajesh Khanna.
Fdration Internationale de Football Association (FIFA) has imposed a worldwide ban
on 23 players and one official found guilty of match fixing. Of the players involved, 20 received a one-year ban from
all football-related activities while the remaining individuals received a two-year ban, three-year ban and lifetime
ban respectively, FIFA said in a statement.
Bahrains Sheikh Salman bin Ebrahim Al Khalifa was voted the new president of the Asian
Football Confederation.
Frank Lampard etched his name into the history books by deposingBobby Tambling as Chelseas
record goalscorer with a match winning brace against Aston Villa. Frank Lampard is understood to have agreed to
a new one year deal to remain at Chelsea next season, ending speculation over the future of the clubs record goal
scorer, in a move that will also appease supporters.
India opened their medal account in the Junior Weightlifting Championships with Saikhom Mirabai Channu bagging
three bronze in the womens 48 Kg category on the opening day of the competition in Lima, Peru on Sunday.
Saina Nehwal and PV Sindhu have retained their respective second and 13
th
spots in the
Badminton World Federation (BWF) rankings.
Vol ume- 1
14
The only Indian to win an individual gold in Olympics, shooter Abhinav Bindra, has been
recommended for the Bharat Ratna.
The Indian woman cagers clenched their first Gold medal in the Fdration Internationale
de Basketball (FIBA) Asia 3x3 basketball tournament beating Mongolia in the final play off
game.
Seasoned paddler Sharath Kamal became the only Indian player to enter the second round of the world table tennis
Championship.
Englands best known footballer David Beckham announced his retirement on Thursday after a
career laden with trophies and glamour that had a worldwide impact that went away beyond
Soccer. He played for Manchester United, Real Madrid, LA Galaxy and finally Paris St Germain.
India won a first -ever archery World Cup medal in the compound womens section when Trisha Deb, Gagan Deep
Kaur and Lily Chanu P beat their Italian opponents in the Bronze medal play off in Shanghai on Saturday. Deepika
Kumari had to settle for silver in both finals as Indian archers finished with three medals in the first stage world
Cup Archery tournament in Sanghai
Badminton Association of India president Akhilesh Das Gupta was elected to the Badminton World Federations
executive council by a record number of votes in the election at Kuala Lumpur.
On 16 May 2013, Rajasthan Royals players Sreesanth, Ankeet Chavan and Ajit Chandilawere
arrested from Mumbais Trident Hotel by Delhi Police along with seven bookies on charges
of spot-fixing in the tournament. Police sources said the players have been accused of spot-
fixing in their matches on 9 and 15 May 2013 against Kings XI Punjab and Mumbai Indians
respectively. Later many bookies were arrested from various cities of the country. Film personality
Vindoo Dara Singh and Gurunath Meiyappan, the CSK owner were also arrested.
Mahesh Bhupathi and Rohan Bopanna ended runners-up at the Rome Masters.
Arunima Sinha, became the first woman in the world to conquer Mt Everest in prosthetic legs.
Robin Dutt was named as the new coach of German football club Werder Bremen after the German football
association agreed to release him from the post as their sporting director.
Inter Milan fired coach Andrea Stramaccioni, five days after concludingSerie A with highly disappointingninth place
finish.
Manchester City striker Sergio Aguero has signed a one-year contract extension that will keep him
at the Premier League club until 2017.
Goalkeeper Iker Casillas and striker Fernando Torres returned to the Spain squad as coach Vicente
del Bosque named a provisional 26 man group for next months confederation.
Vol ume- 1
15 15
Test your current affairs quotient
Given below are 100 questions covering measure news / events of the month. Take the test and find out your level of
awareness.
1. Who is the Executive chairman of company Vedanta Resources?
a. Anil Agarwal b. Anil Ambani c. Ashok Todi d. None of these
2. Niyamgiri hills are in which state of India?
a. MP b. UP c. Chattisgarh d. Orissa
3. Find the odd one out?
a. Hindustan Zinc Limited b. BALCO
c. Hindustan Copper Limited d. Sesa Goa
4. Dearness Allowance is paid to
a. Central government employees b. State government employees
c. Both a and b d. None of these
5. Who is recently appointed the special DG of CRPF?
a. Kiran Bedi b. Aruna Bahuguna c. Pranay Sahay d. None of these
6. Who was a part of the supreme court bench that upheld the death sentence of Ajmal Kasab?
a. Justice Aftab Alam b. Justice C K Prasad c. Justice Altamas Kabir d. Both (a) and (b)
7. The full form of NCRB is
a. National Corruption Records Bureau b. National Climate Records Bureau
c. National Crime Records Bureau d. National College Records Bureau
8. Who is the leader of opposition in Lok Sabha?
a. Arun Jaitley b. Sushma Swaraj c. L K Advani d. Ravi Shankar Prasad
9. Maoist hief Prachanda hails from which country?
a. India b. Bhutan c. Nepal d. Myanmar
10. Ottavio Quattrochi can be associated with
a. Bofors scandal b. Coal gate scandal c. 2G scam d. None of these
11. Coca cola has recently signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) with a state government to set up a bottling
plant and it has triggered protests. Which state is involved in that MoU?
a. UP b. HP c. Uttarakhand d. Punjab
12. Which state government recently banned the awarding of extensions or reemployment of former officials?
a. J&K b. West Bengal c. Orissa d. Bihar
13. Who is the chairman of Jindal Steel Power Limited (JSPL)?
a. O P Jindal b. Naveen Jindal c. Sajjan Jindal d. None of these
14. Who recently translated all the plays of Shakespeare into Punjabi?
a. Surjit Hans b. MS Gill c. Amrita Pritam d. Buta Singh
15. Which state of India had its assembly elections in the last month?
a. Tripura b. Karnataka c. Punjab d. Gujarat
16. Who is the chairman of National Human Rights Commission (NHRC)?
a. Justice K G Balakrishnan b. Justice G P Mathur
c. Justice B C Patel d. Satyabrata Paul
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16
17. Where are the head quarters of Asian Development Bank (ADB) located?
a. New Delhi b. Singapore c. Manila d. Bangkok
18. When was Asian Development Bank established?
a. 26
th
Aug,1966 b. 15
th
May, 1948 c. 20
th
June, 1990 d. None of these
19. Who is the chairman of ADB?
a. Takehiko Nakao b. Haruhiko Kuroda c. Takeshi Watanabe d. Inoue Shiro
20. In India, which city is the largest municipal solid waste producer?
a. Delhi b. Bengaluru c. Chennai d. Hyderabad
21. Olympic great Chris Hoy participated in which sport?
a. Swimming b. cycling c. tennis d. wrestling
22. Who is the chairman of Pakistan Cricket Board (PCB)?
a. Imran Khan b. Zaka Ashraf c. Javed Miandad d. Nawaz Sharif
23. Which great cricketers wax statue was unveiled at Sydney Cricket Ground (SCG) recently?
a. Brian Lara b. Sachin Tendulkar c. Ricky Ponting d. Don Bradman
24. I-league is associated with which sport in India?
a. Cricket b. Football c. Hockey d. Chess
25. Asian Wrestling Championship 2013 was held in which country?
a. India b. China c. Japan d. Sri Lanka
26. The Government of India conferred which award to the Late Rajesh Khanna in 2013?
a. Padma Shri b. Padma Bhushan c. Padma Vibhushan d. Bharat Ratna
27. Amit Kumar and Bhim Singh can be associated with which sport?
a. Boxing b. Wrestling c. Hockey d. Judo
28. Deepika Pallikal and Saurav Ghoshal can be associated with which sport?
a. Badminton b. Squash c. Tennis d. Table Tennis
29. Who is the owner of Mahi Racing Team India ?
a. MS Dhoni b. Mahi Gill c. Shahrukh Khan d. John Abraham
30. The new president of Asian Football Confederation is from which country?
a. Iran b. South Korea c. Bahrain d. Japan
31. Steven Gerrard can be associated with which sport?
a. Cricket b. Football c. Tennis d. Golf
32. What is the current world ranking of Saina Nehwal?
a.1
st
b. 2
nd
c. 3
rd
d. 4
th
33. Who is the chairman of Indian Premier League T-20 cricket tournament?
a. Rajeev Shukla b. N Srinivasan c. Jagmohan Dalmiya d. Ravi Shastri
34. Who won the recently concluded under 17 National Chess Championship?
a. Koneru Humpy b. Nisha Mohota c. Sayantan Das d. SS Ganguly
35. Which car is the top selling car in India in 2012-13?
a. Alto b. Swift c. Wagon R d. i10
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36. ITC headquarters are located in which city of India?
a. Kolkata b. Mumbai c. Bengaluru d. Chennai
37. Who is the promoter of Spicejet Airlines?
a. Kalanithi Maran b. Vijay Mallya c. Capt. Gopinath d. Richard Branson
38. Who is the chairman of Tata Sons?
a. Ratan Tata b. Cyrus Mistry c. S Ramadorai d. None of these
39. Power and automation Technology firm ABB headquarters are in
a. USA b. Switzerland c. France d. Denmark
40. The biggest borrowing bank from the US governments emergency programme is
a. Bank of America b. Citibank c. JP Morgan d. Meridian Bank
41. Recently which industrialist was in news for being provided Z category security?
a. Anil Ambani b. Mukesh Ambani c. Vijay Mallya d. YC Deveswar
42. Who is the chairman of HDFC bank?
a. Deepak Parekh b. Shikha Sharma c. Naina lal Kidwai d. None of them
43. Where is the headquarter of Fortis healthcare?
a. Delhi b. Mumbai c. Bengaluru d. Chennai
44. Fortis Hospital is not present in which of the following cities?
a. Delhi b. Mumbai c. Pune d. Kolkata
45. Which of the following is the Indias largest private hospital chain?
a. Fortis b. Apollo c. Vasan d. Bellevue
46. Where are the headquarters of National Aluminium Company Limited (NALCO) located?
a. Nagpur b. Bhubaneswar c. Hyderabad d. New Delhi
47. Fashion retail giant Hennes & Mauritz AB (H&M) belong to which country?
a. Netherland b. England c. Sweden d. France
48. Which of the following is not a Maharatna company?
a. ONGC b. IOC c. BPCL d. CIL
49. Which of the following is an eligibility criterion for a Maharatna company?
a. An average annual turnover of more than Rs. 20,000 crore
b. An average annual net worth of more than Rs. 10,000crore during the last 3 years.
c. An average annual net profit after tax of more than Rs. 2500 crore during the last 3 years.
d. All of the above
50. Which is the largest mobile phone operator of India?
a. Vodafone b. Airtel c. BSNL d. Idea
51. Which is the largest radio taxi operator in India?
a. Meru Cabs b. Gold Cabs c. Easy Cabs d. Star taxi
52. Which of the following is an Aditya Birla Group company?
a. Hindalco b. Ultratech cement c. Peter England d. All of them
53. Who is the chairman of Aditya Birla Group?
a. GD Birla b. Aditya Birla c. Kumarmangalam Birla d. None of them
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54. Bandra-Worli Sea Link project was undertaken by
a. HCC b. L&T c. NCC d. None of them
55. The headquarters of Vijaya Bank is in
a. Bengaluru b. Mangalore c. Hyderabad d. Chennai
56. It is the only Indian bank other than State Bank of India to feature in the List of Fortune 500 Companies in the World.
Which Bank is it?
a. Indian Bank b. ICICI c. AXIS d. OBC
57. The frequent flier program of kingfisher Airlines is known as
a. Kingfisher Club b. King Club c. Royal Club d. None of these
58. Who is the chairman of State Bank of India?
a. OP Bhatt b. Pratip Chaudhuri c. Deepak Parekh d. Chanda Kochhar
59. State Bank of India operates as INMB in which of the following countries?
a. Nigeria b. Bahamas c. USA d. China
60. Which of the following is a subsidiary of Tata Consultancy Services?
a. NIIT Limited b. APTECH c. CMC Limited d. None of them
61. Which automobile company has recently launched a new multipurpose vehicle ENJOY in India?
a. General Motors b. Volkswagon c. Maruti d. Tata Motors
62. Who is the Managing Director of IMF?
a. Christine Lagarde b. Horst Kohler
c. Dominique Strauss Kahn d. Rodrigo Rato
63. Where are the headquarters of International Monetary Fund?
a. Washington b. New York c. Paris d. London
64. International Monetary Fund has got how many members?
a. 150 b. 175 c. 188 d. 195
65. Who is the President of Italy?
a. Giorgio Napolitano b. Enrico Letta c. Boutros Ghali d. Sylvio Berlusconi
66. Who is the President of France?
a. Nikolas Sarkozy b. Francois Hollande c. Christine Lagarde d. None of them
67. What is the capital of Democratic Republic of Congo?
a. Kinshasa b. Bengazi c. Congo city d. Laos
68. What is the currency of South Africa?
a. Peso b. Rand c. Dollar d. Franc
69. What is Mahasen?
a. Comic character b. Cyclone c. Wave d. None of these
70. S4 is the new brand of mobile of which company?
a. Nokia b. Samsung c. Motorola d. LG
71. Canvas Doodle is the new brand of mobile phone of which company?
a. Nokia b. Karbonn c. Micromax d. Gaba
72. Suzlon Energy produces/manufactures which of the following?
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a. Wind Turbine b. Medicines c. Hydel power plant d. None of these
73. Tehrik-e-Insaf is a political party belonging to which country?
a. Iran b. Pakistan c. Iraq d. India
74. Where is the capital of Sweden located?
a. Stockholm b. Oslo c. Geneva d. None of these
75. Who is the chairman of P&G?
a. Bob McDonald b. A G Lafley c. Larry Ellison d. None of them
76. Aung San Suukyi is from which country?
a. Myanmar b. Singapore c. Thailand d. Mauritius
77. Heathrow airport is in which city?
a. New York b. London c. Canberra d. Wellington
78. The Essar Group is owned by who among the following?
a. Gupta brothers b. Ruia brothers c. Goenka brothers d. Mishra brothers
79. What is the full form of FII?
a. Foreign Institutional Investor b. Finance Institute of India
c. Flexible Interim Investment d. None of these
80. In which city are the headquarters of KFC located?
a. Louisville b. New Jersey c. New York d. Los Angeles
81. Who is the chairman of Reliance Infrastructure?
a. Anil Ambani b. Aakash Ambani c. Mukesh Ambani d. None of them
82. Where is the National Commodity and Derivatives Exchange (NCDEX) located?
a. Mumbai b. Bengaluru c. Chennai d. Hyderabad
83. Who is the present chairman of APPLE?
a. Steve Jobs b. Warren Buffet c. Arthur Levinson d. None of them
84. Who is the chairman of Zee Entertainment?
a. Subhas Chandra b. Prannoy Roy c. Rajdeep Sardesai d. Prabhu Chawla
85. In which news channel do we find the programme NEWSHOUR?
a. Times Now b. NDTV c. Headlines Today d. BBC
86. Air Asias head office is in which city?
a. Kualalampur b. Jakarta c. Bangkok d. Islamabad
87. Sumantra Choudhury is the Managing Director of which company?
a. HPCL b. BPCL c. HPL d. None of these
88. Which of the following is a brand of Toyota Motor Corporation?
a. Etios b. Ertiga c. Linea d. Santro
89. Which team has won the Pepsi IPL 2013?
a. Chennai Super Kings b . Mumbai Indians c. Rajasthan Royals d. Sunrisers Hyderabad
90. Denson Devdas, Sunil Chhetri and Syed Rahim Nabi play which game?
a. Cricket b. Football c. Tennis d. None of these
91. Slam Dunk is associated with which sport?
a. Tennis b. Chess c. Volleyball d. Basketball
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92. The Asian Athletics Championships will be held in which city of India?
a. Kolkata b. Delhi c. Mumbai d. Pune
93. Who directed the film Raincoat?
a. Mrinal Sen b. Ayan Mukherjee c. Rituparno Ghosh d. Satyajit Ray
94. William S Pinckney is the CEO of which company?
a. Amway India b. Gillette c. P&G d. HLL
95. The largest textile hub of the country is in which state of India?
a. West Bengal b. Tamil Nadu c. Maharashtra d. Punjab
96. Who scored the maximum runs in an innings in the IPL 2013?
a. Chris Gayle b. Virat Kohli c. Shane Watson d. Dinesh Kartik
97. Which team won the Union of European Football Associations (UEFA) Champions League 2013?
a. Borussia Dortmund b. Bayern Munich c. Real Madrid d. Barcelona
98. Bombay Stock Exchanges (BSE) Index SENSEX is a list of how many companies?
a. 30 b. 50 c. 75 d. 100
99. How many members are there in Rajya Sabha?
a. 245 b. 233 c. 12 d. None of these
100. Who is the chairman of Planning Commission of India?
a. President b. Prime Minister c. Finance Minister d. Lok Sabha Speaker
Your current affair quotient
0 20 Hopeless
21 40 Poor
41 60 Average
61 80 Very Good
81 100 Excellent
Answers given at the end of the magazine
Vol ume- 1
21
Maths Funda
Dear Maths,
Im sick and tired of finding your xshes gonemove on, dude!
Welcome to the world of mathematics. It does not matter in what profession you are; perhaps all human beings use
maths in their lives in some form or the other.
I choose to talk on calculations technique, considering it to be the oldest and most elementary part of mathematics.
Well, it involves basic operations (addition, subtraction, multiplication, division) on quantities.
It is not only about your exams like CAT, XAT, IIFT etc., it is about your entire life, be it personal or professional.
Every time you calculate the Interestthat you would earn on aFixed Depositthat youve invested in; or how
muchTaxyouhavetopayduringaparticularfinancialyear;orhandlingpayrollofemployeesunderyou;deciding
on how much of the total marketing budget you would spend on Newspaper Adsin 5 states where you have
launched a New Brand; what is the best way to adopt Cost ControlinyourFactoryandwhatnot
We open newspaper and find out so many instances where decisions taken by Managers make or break fortune of
a company. Most effective tools for a Manager to take decisions are (i) data and (ii) experience.
You all know how important is SPEED as a skill to crack CAT successfully. But let us face the truth now. SPEED does
not come from being able to handle loads of calculations; rather it is about identifying the most effective method
to reduce the load of calculation.
Let us begin with an example:
While working in an organization as a product manager, you find that your product is manufactured at the cost
ofRs 375andmoreover,youaregiventounderstanditmakesathinmarginof4.96%. When you share this information
with your junior in a meeting, he asks you Sir, for every 100 units, how much do we make?
Well, embarrassing for a boss to keep quiet, right?
Dont worry, I know youll prove to be a smart boss, because, you know A%of B&B%of Aaresamething.Soyoull
mentally do a calculation as follows:
4.96%of 375 * 100 =375%of 4.96 * 100 =37.5%of 496 * 1/10 * 100 =3/8 * 496 * 10 =Rs 1860.
Trust me, youll earn respect from each of your juniors even if they are not sure how could think so fast!
I remember those childhood days, when my mom used to force me to go to the grocery shop to get a few stuffs for
homethanks to her, it taught me lot of thingsmost important learning wasthe grocery guy knows much better
maths, how else can he calculate so fast?
Yeah of course, the answer is, PRACTICE. Theres hardly any role of memory here. It has become his habit to add
numbers like.34, 43, 56, 48, 39perhaps he would quickly add the 10s digits (19) and units digit separately (30),
and then add the 10s digit of 30 with 19, and find out the sum as 220.
Some of you, who likes experimenting can also find out 43 is the middle-most number (as in, we have two numbers
greater than and two numbers less than 43), hence I quickly multiply 43 by 5, since there are 5 numbers (215) and
then look at the difference with the respective numbers 34 (-9), 43 (0), 56 (+13), 48 (+5) & 39 (-4); clearly net
difference is +5. Thus my answer would be 215 +5 =220.
People who are comfortable with calculations always get a step ahead in every sphere of life. Lets say, youre
handling a product that eats up 20%of the market as of now. Now your boss wants you to grow the market share by
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22
another 5 percentage points and tells you that the estimated growth of the industry is 20%. When you discuss the
same with your juniors, again an innocent question turns up Sir, by what percentage do we have to grow?
I re-confirm the fact that youre going to be a smart boss! Because, you would think about the calculation as follows:
You would learn if market was at 100, it becomes 120. Since market was at 100, your product was at 20. Now, your
new market share =25%of 120, i.e. 30. Thus 20 to 30 implies 50%growth. But in the office, we do not get time for this
much of academic calculation.
So, finally the question is Whats the smartest trick for this calculation?
Market grows by 20%. Market share grows by 5 percentage point; thus, percentage increase in the numerical value
of the percentage market share =5/20 * 100%, i.e. 25%.
So, well simply say, growth of my product would be 0.2 +0.25 +0.2*0.25 =0.5 50%[remember the standard thumb
rules for successive percentage changes].
Now, let me take you to the world of fantasyYou land up in the Wonderland and find 145 persons therewho have
a habit of confusing others with their statementsone of them tells you Since last six years, each year 1/3
rd
ofthe
people has been dying and 27 new babies were born. Let me give you some numbers610, 710, 820can anyone of
these numbers be the population of the Wonderland six years back?
Leaves you utterly confused, right?
Lets apply a simple and precise logicpopulation reduced by 1/3
rd
impliesithadbeenamultipleof3ohyeas,now
you got the hint, none of the numbers given are multiple of 3 (by adding the digits of the numbers)hence, youll
reply him bluntly None of these[dont worry, in CAT or XAT or IIFT exams, you would see this (None of these) as
an option in this sum.
In our daily life, we look at objects, most of which run on some principles or ruleswhich are established through
some fundamental mathematical calculationsbe it LEDthathelpsyouenjoyIPLathome,Washing Machinethat
helps your mom to reduce her workload, Smart mobile phonethat helps you keep in touch with all your friendsand
the list goes on

If you think managers are only making strategies seating in front of a computer in an AC room, then youre absolutely
mistaken! Strategy evolves through lots of analysis, be it numerical or qualitative; Survey, Statistical analysis,
Demographics, Database management, Trend analysis, Identifying patterns etc involve numerical investigation.
After all, we have not invented calculators to prove that were worse than those, right?
My objective is to help you build up rapport with this friend called calculation
I can promise this friendship will carry through your entire life with style and glamour.
Eco Basics Demand and Supply
Teach a parrot the terms supply and demand and youve got an economist.
Thomas Carlyle
Two words that drive any economy are Demand and Supply. In every day to day activities we always see various
relations between these two words. Demand refers to quantity of product or services desired by the buyers. The
quantity demanded is the amount that the buyers are ready to buy at a certain price and this relationship between
demand and price is also known as demand relationship. Supply on the other hand is the quantity that the market
is ready to provide. It also means the quantity that a certain good producer is willing to supply at a certain price.
The relation between the price and the quantity of goods supplied is known as supply relationship. In the market
economy theories, the relationships between supply and demand helps to allocate the resources in the most
efficient way.
Supply always comes on the heels of demand. Robert Collier
The Law of Demand states that if all the other factors remain same, as the price of any goods or services go up, less
people will demand for that product. In other words, the higher the price, the lower the demand. As the prices go up,
people will naturally avoid buying that product as that will force them to forgo something else that they value more.
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23
For example, recently it came in the news that due to the increase in price of petrol the demand of petrol cars are
going down and people are preferring diesel cars instead of petrol cars.
The diagram below shows the relationship between price and demand,
We can see in the diagram, quantity is plotted in the vertical axis and price is in the horizontal axis. As the price
increases from left to right the demand falls from top to bottom. This diagram states that the lesser the price the
more will be the demand of that good.
The Law of Supply demonstrates the quantities that are sold at a certain price. Unlike the Law of Demand, this one
is an upward sloping graph. Producers supply more at a higher price as then they can maximize their revenue. The
diagram below represents the relationship of supply and price.
We have represented the quantity in the vertical axis and price in the horizontal axis and clearly we see that the
supply tends to increase as the price increases.
Looking at the above two relationships we can conclude that with the increase of price the supply increase but the
demand decreases. Let us take an example of the mobile phones. The manufacturers will want to sell mobile phones
at a higher price but the number of buyers ready to pay the high price is less. So there is a chance that most of the
mobile phone might go unsold. That is one of the reasons why we find the prices of the mobile phone going down
every day as the producers are looking for the correct price which will give them more sellers as well as it will help
the to increase their revenue. We will call this the state of Equilibrium.
Let us club the above two diagrams and see what happens,
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Initially when the price is less the producers are unwilling to produce but the demand for that article is very high.
As the price increases the producers start producing more but the demand gradually keeps on decreasing. Then we
reach point A, the intersection of both the Demand and the Supply. At this point whatever quantity is produced get
sold as there are optimum number of buyers for that product and the buyers are also happy with the price. After
point A, if the price still keeps on increasing then the buyers refuse to buy that product and a lot of them remains
unsold which is a loss for the producer. Thus we can see that the point A can be said to be the point of Equilibrium.
Any point to the left of point A is a situation of excessive demand and any point to the right of A is a situation of
excessive supply.
Still there as a question that arises that in the market how do we reach equilibrium?
When the price is less and the demand is very high then people gradually start paying extra money to get the good
and its price increases till it reaches the equilibrium. Similarly when at a higher price the supply is very high but the
demand is less then the producer to increase the sales gradually reduces the price of the goods till it reaches the
equilibrium price. Thus the situation of excessive demand or supply cannot go on forever as the market forces will
bring it to the state of equilibrium.

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25
Telecom Industry in India
The Indian telecommunications industry is one of the fastest growing in the world in terms of number of wireless
connections after China. According to the world telecommunications industry, India will have approximately 1.2
billion mobile subscribers by 2013. Furthermore, projections by several leading global consultancies indicate that
the total number of subscribers in India will exceed the total subscriber count in the China by 2013.
In 1850, experimental electric telegraph started for first time in India between Calcutta (Kolkata) and Diamond
Harbor (southern suburbs of Kolkata, on the banks of the Hooghly River). On the 28th of January 1882, the first
formal telephone service was established with a total of 93 subscribers. From the year 1902, India drastically
changes from cable telegraph to wireless telegraph, radio telegraph, radio telephone, trunk dialing. During British
period all major cities and towns in India were linked with telephones. In the year 1975, Department of Telecom
(DoT) was responsible for telecom services in entire country after separation from Indian Post & Telecommunication.
In 1990s the telecom sector was opened up by the Government for private investment. In 1995 TRAI (Telecom
Regulatory Authority of India) was setup. This reduced the interference of Government in deciding tariffs and policy
making. The Government of India corporatized the operations wing of DoT in 2000 and renamed Department of
Telecom as Bharat Sanchar Nigam Limited (BSNL). Government policies and regulatory framework implemented by
Telecom Regulatory Authority of India (TRAI) have provided conducive environment for service providers. This has
made the sector more competitive, while enhancing the accessibility of telecommunication services at affordable
tariffs to the consumers.
In the last two decades, the Indian Telecom Sector and mobile telephony in particular has caught the imagination of
India by revolutionizing the way we communicate, share information; and through its staggering growth helped
millions stay connected. This growth, however, has and continues to be at the cost of the Climate, powered by an
unsustainable and inefficient model of energy generation and usage. Simultaneously, this growth has also come at
significant and growing loss to the state exchequer, raising fundamental questions on the future business and
operation model of the Telecom sector.
The telecom industry has witnessed significant growth in subscriber base over the last decade, with increasing
network coverage and a competition-induced decline in tariffs acting as catalysts for the growth in subscriber base.
The growth story and the potential have also served to attract newer players in the industry, with the result that the
intensity of competition has kept increasing. The sector expected to witness up to US$ 56.3 billion investments and
the market will cross the US$ 101 billion mark in five years.
Today, the Indian telecom network is the second largest in the world after China. A liberal policy regime and
involvement of the private sector have played an important role in transforming this sector. The total number of
telephones has increased from 429.73 million on 31 March 2009 to 926.55 million on 31 December 2011.
Liberalization of the sector has not only led to rapid growth but also helped a great deal towards maximization of
consumer benefits, evident from a huge fall in tariffs. Telecom sector has witnessed a continuous rising trend in the
total number of telephone subscribers and hence the teledensity. In simple terms, Teledensity is the number of
landline telephones in use for every 100 individuals living within an area. A teledensity greater than 100 means
there are more telephones than people. In 2012, the overall tele density in the country increased to 78.66 from
70.89. The rural tele density increased to 39.22 from 33.79. The urban tele density increased to 169.55 from 157.32.
According to the United Nation Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD), there is a direct correlation
between the growth in mobile teledensity and the growth in GDP per capita in developing countries, which tend to
have a high percentage of rural population. The share of the telecom services industry in the total GDP has been
rising over the past few years (the telecom sector contribution in GDP went up from 2.52%in FY05 to 2.83%in FY07).

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The Indian Telecom market is the most competitive with over 11 operators in each circle. Nowhere in the world does
any country have so many carriers. The dominant players are Airtel, Reliance, Vodafone, BSNL (state owned), Idea
and Tata. Reliance and Tata offer CDMA technology while all the other players are in the GSM space. GSM has 88%
share of subscribers and now even Reliance and Tata have launched nationwide GSM services.
Apart from the current players, there are several new players like Aircel, Unitech-Telenor, Shyam-Siestema, Etisalat
that have got the license and spectrum to launch mobile services in several telecom circles. Shyam-Siestema is the
only player to launch CDMA services while all the new operators are in the lucrative GSM space. The adjoining
figure gives the market shares of the operators in India. It is a fragmented market with the biggest operator (Airtel)
having only 20%share.
Since past few years, the telecom service providers have been plagued with various withholding taxes issues on
aspects such as inter-connect usage charges, roaming charges, distributorship margin under a Principal to Principal
arrangement, use of passive infrastructure, etc. Absence of clarity on the withholding tax obligations for such
transactions has resulted in significant tax litigation. Considering that Indian telecom is a highly capital intensive
sector, extending the tax holiday benefits in 3G and the broadband internet sector would also go a long way in
bringing down the costs of investments in rural areas and promote the growth of the industry. On the indirect tax
front, All operators and support sectors are facing huge amounts of blocked credits and lengthy litigations with the
revenue authorities on account of disputed credits on passive infrastructure. With the mandate and need to modernize
and expand the present infrastructure consequent to allocation of 3G licenses, the problem is going to get worse. Its
high time that all cascading effects are identified, appreciated and addressed by the Government.

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Bharti Airtel
Sunil Mittal founded the Bharti Group. In 1986, Mittal incorporated Bharti Telecom Limited (BTL), and his company
became the first in India to offer push-button telephones, establishing the basis of Bharti Enterprises. In 2003, the
cellular phone operations were re-branded under the single Airtel brand. Bharti Airtel is Indias leading
telecommunications company and the largest telecom operators in the world with over 210 million subscribers. As
well as providing mobile services across 19 countries in South Asia and Africa, it offers landline telephone services
and broadband internet access in nearly 100 Indian cities and also has a satellite TV business. Launched in Delhi
and Himachal Pradesh in 1995 Bharti Airtel has expanded at a breathless pace in the 16 years of its existence and
analysts see that it has displayed remarkable capacity to scale up year on year and to execute its plans with high
energy.
The telecom operator has earmarked a capital expenditure of $3.1 billion (over Rs 14,000 crore) for India and other
global operations in the current fiscal, and is betting big on non-voice offerings For the first few years, Bharti Airtel
followed a very similar growth strategy to other mobile operators around the world buying licenses, building
networks, growing support activities such as customer care, billing and network operation, building its brand,
offering competitive tariffs and the latest phones, and so steadily gaining more customers. This served the company
well, but did not significantly differentiate it in the market or give it any major competitive advantage over its peers.

Facing the challenge of how to deliver telecoms at affordable (very low) prices to Indian customers in an industry
that requires high capital investment, the breakthrough came at the end of 2009, when the management team
recognized that to sell at the lowest prices in the world requires the lowest costs in the world. To achieve this
required a new business model under which Bharti took the hitherto unprecedented step in the telecoms services
industry of just focusing on the things it does best customer, brand and people management and leaving
everything else to people who can do it better.
By outsourcing the majority of its activities networks, IT, call centres, towers, distribution to global specialist
firms in long-term partnership arrangements Bharti are now able to operate a low-cost business model that
supports the companys belief that it can bring the benefits of mobile telephony to millions and millions of lower
middle class and poor consumers around the world. And this focus on doing what it does best has allowed Bharti
Airtels entrepreneurial culture and customer-centricity to combine to create an organizational culture that is
consistently opportunity minded.

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The countrys largest cellular operator, Bharti Airtel, is gearing up to consolidate its India share and expand global
footprint. The company, which reported a 32%fall in its April-June net profit in 2011, rolled out 4G services by year
end.
April 10, 2012 was an historic day for Bharti Airtel, Indias number one telecom service provider, and the country.
India experienced its first 4G service. Airtels journey - from 2G in 1995 to 3G in 2010 and 4G in 2012 - was eventful.
Telecom Lead is sharing some of the major milestones in the life of Sunil Mittal, the iconic chairman of Airtel and the
Indian telecom industry. We have gone ahead in telecom industry. By launching 2G, 3G and 4G, Airtel has contributed
significantly to Indian telecom industry. Having honed its business model in India, over the past couple of years
Bharti Airtel has been on a spending spree - adding operations in what it sees as other high-growth markets and its
ambition is high as demonstrated by its belief that By 2015, Airtel will be the most loved brand in the daily lives of
the African people. It is time for the government to recognize telecom industrys efforts. Do not kill the golden
industry. It deserves better treatment.
The Telecom Regulatory Authority of India (TRAI)
In 1990s the entry of private service providers brought with it the inevitable need for independent regulation in the
telecom sector of India.
The Telecom Regulatory Authority of India (TRAI) was, thus, established with effect from 20th February 1997 by an
Act of Parliament, called the Telecom Regulatory Authority of India Act, 1997, to regulate telecom services, including
fixation/revision of tariffs for telecom services which were earlier vested in the Central Government. TRAI is a
statutory body and is wholly funded by grant received from the Consolidated Fund of India.
The Government, through notification dated 9th January, 2004, has brought the broadcasting and cable television
services within the ambit of telecommunication services in the country. In 2004, TRAI was thus vested with the
powers to regulate broadcasting & cable TV services also in the country. The Government continues to be the
administrator for the policy and licensing function.
As per the Telecom Regulatory Authority of India Act, 1997 [as amended by TRAI (Amendment) Act, 2000], the
Authority shall consist of a Chairperson and not more than two whole-time Members and not more than two part-
time Members. The Chairperson and other members of the Authority shall hold office for a term not exceeding three
years. The authority functions with a Secretariat headed by a Secretary and assisted by various divisional heads. A

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staff of 160 (as on 31.03.2007) is handling the work in the Secretariat, which performs the tasks assigned to it by the
Authority in the discharge of its functions. Wherever necessary, consultants are engaged.
The mission of Telecom Regulatory Authority of India (TRAI) is to ensure that the interests of consumers are protected
and at the same time to nurture conditions for growth of telecommunications, broadcasting and cable services in
a manner and at a pace which will enable India to play a leading role in the emerging global information society.
The goals and objectives are focused toward:
1) Transparency in decision-making by affording an opportunity to all stakeholders.
2) Providing consumer with adequate choice, affordable tariffs and high quality of service.
3) Promoting level playing field and fair competition among service providers.
4) Access to world class quality telecommunications, broadcasting and cable services.
5) Ensuring technical compatibility and effective interconnection between service providers.
In the first 10 years (1997-2007), the major achievements of TRAI include,
(a) The reduction in call charges in both outgoing and incoming calls. In 1997 the incoming calls were also charged
at Rs 16.80 per minute which in the year 2007 became free.
Per Minute Call Charges (in INR)#
1997 2002 2007
Local 16.8 3.09 1
STD 30 9.8 2.4
ISD 75 40.8 6.4
(b) Telecom sector had shown exponential growth, tele-density, which grew only by 1.92%in 50 years (1948-98),
increased by 18%in just 10 years of TRAIs existence.
(c) Subscriber base in the country was growing by 6 million every month.
(d) Internet Connection as on 31st March 2007 was 40.57 million as compared to Broadband Policy, 2004 target of
18 million subscribers by end of 2007 and 40 million by the year ending 2010.
(e) India had the fourth largest telecom network after China, USA and Russia with lowest tariff.
(f) The Indian Telecom Service industry contributed 2.71%to the total GDP. Total telecom revenue in year 2005-06
was 867 billions Indian Rupees (INR).
(g) Regulatory framework issued to cover nearly 300 million cable TV viewers.
In its annual report of 2011-12 , TRAI provides an account of its achievements as:
(A) The Telecom sector continued to register an impressive growth during the year. The number of telephone
subscriptions increased from 846.32 million to 951.34 million, registering a growth of 12.41 %. The wireless
subscriber base increased by 107.58 million and the wireline subscriber base recorded a decline of 2.56 million.
The wireless segment continued to dominate with a total base of 919.17 million connections.
(B) The growth in subscriber base resulted in an increase in the gross revenue of telecom services from Rs.1,71,719
crore to Rs.1,95,442 crore during the year, a growth of 13.82%.
(C) During the year, the number of Internet subscribers increased to 22.86 million from 19.67 million registering an
annual growth of about 3.19 million. The number of Broadband connections increased from 11.89 million to 13.81
million.
(D) Several significant policy recommendations were made by TRAI during the year which include recommendations
on spectrum management, licensing, Telecom Infrastructure, Green telecommunications and Telecom equipment
manufacturing.

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(E) TRAI also notified several regulations relating to consumer protection, complaint redressal and for controlling
unsolicited commercial communications.
(F) On Merger & Acquisition issues TRAI recommended that spectrum holding by the Resultant entity (after M&A)
would be limited to 25%of the spectrum assigned in a service area
(G) India is the second largest mobile market in the world. There are currently about 400,000 telecom towers in the
country, involving significant diesel consumption. To ensure reduction in carbon footprint, the Authority in its
recommendations on Approach towards Green telecommunications provided that 50%of all rural towers and
20% of the urban towers should be powered by hybrid power by 2015 and that all service providers should aim at
reduction of carbon emission by at least 8%of the base year (2011) emissions by 2015.
(H) TRAI initiated a process of preparing for consultation and eventual establishment of appropriate policy and
regulatory framework for Next Generation Network (NGN).
(I) A major initiative of the Authority in the year 2011-12 was the work relating to control of unsolicited commercial
communications, popularly known as pesky calls / SMS. The Telecom Commercial Communications Customer
Preference Regulations were implemented w.e.f. 27th September 2011. This has resulted in significant reduction in
unwanted commercial calls/ SMS.
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Your gateway to an exciting and rewarding career
Law as a profession has undergone a massive change in the last decade. Gone are the days when lawyers will
remind you of black robes and courtrooms. Now lawyers work in swanky corporate offices and work for corporates
as varied as media, insurance, Banks, FMCG, etc or become a Partner/Associate in a law firm.
So if you have good communication skills, both oral and written, are fond of reading, can convince others easily,
have a logical way of thinking so that you are able to look at matters objectively and come to your own conclusions,
then this is the career for you. And if you are smart, suave, presentable and ready to voice your opinion, then THIS
IS the career for you.
You can do an under-graduate programme (LL.B) or an Integrated post graduate programme (LL.M) after passing
class 12
th
.
Careers in Law
Litigation: The only option for Lawyers, earlier is now one of the choices. Areas are numerous like criminal, civil,
constitutional, intellectual property, etc.
Law Firms: You can joining a top Indian law firms as an Associate and work your way up to become a partner or
have your own Law firm.
Corporate counsel: Lot of lawyers today are opting for joining companies and being on their in-house staff. Work
involves greater interaction with non-legal aspects of business like sales, marketing and finance.
Judiciary: There are two routes to become a member of the Indian Judiciary one is to be elevated to the Judges
bench by sheer performance and the other route is through the Indian Judicial Services.
Business Management: Law teaches you a number of skills that are applicable across domains and armed with
your legal expertise, you can quickly rise to senior positions in the corporate world.
Legal Process Outsourcing: Law firms abroad pass portions of their work to India, which has high number of
English speaking lawyers.
Placements:
Students passing out from the National Law Schools/Universities get average placements of around 10-12 lacs per
annum with the highest salary often being in the range of 25-30 lacs per annum.
Some big names hiring from B-Schools are:
Management consultancies like McKinsey & Co., KPMG, Price Waterhouse Coopers, McKinsey, E&Y, Deloitte, H5
Asia Pacific, Goldman Sachs, Morgan Stanley, etc
International Law Firms including Linklaters (UK), Clifford Chance (UK), Herbert Smith (UK), Simmons & Simmons
(UK), Allen & Overy (UK) & (Singapore), SJ Berwin (UK), Boehmart & Boehmart (Germany), Eisenfuhr Speiser (Germany),
Mayor, Brown & Rowe (France), Penderson & Houpt (USA), Rajah & Tann (Singapore), Roousee International (UAE)
Indian Law Firms like Amarchand Mangaldas, AZB & Partners, Fox Mandal Little, Jyoti Sagar Associates, Luthra &
Luthra Law Offices, Khaitan & Co, Wadia Ghandy & Co., Nishith Desai and Associates, Anand and Anand, Dua
Associates, Singhania & Partners, Remfry & Sagar, etc
Corporate legal Departments of ICICI , Citibank, China Trust Bank, India Bulls, Cholamandalam, GE Capital, ITC,
HDFC, HSBC, HUDCO, Sahara India, UTI Bank, UCO Bank, Bajaj Allianz, General Insurance, Indian Oil, Bharat Petro., ONGC,
Wipro, Infosys, Satyam, Coca Cola, Reliance Industries, ITC, TISCO, Reliance Infocom, AT&T, Bharti, Ansals, NDPL,Godrej,
Genpect, Xerox Modi Corp, Lafarge, Raymond, Reid & Taylor, Thomas Cook, Pfizer, Ranbaxy, Wockhardt , etc.
Legal Process Outsourcingcompanies like Pangea 3, SDD Global, Infosys BPO, Mindcrest, Quislex, Wipro BPO, etc
Government Organizations like Ministry of Law & Justice, MEA, Supreme Court of India / Sri Lanka, NHRC, SHRC,
SEBI, Law Commission of India, NLSA, etc.
NGOs, Lawyers, Academicians, etc.
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Placement:
All the Top Law Schools in India offer close to 100%placements and the biggest recruiters are Indian Law Firms,
International Law Firms, Management Consultancies, Corporates, NGOs, Legal Process Outsourcing companies,
Government Organizations, etc. Some students opt out of placements and go for IAS while some others work take up
work and assignments for the betterment of economically backward and socially deprived citizens.
The salaries offered by India Law Firms at National Law Schools/Universities ranges between INR 10-15 lacs p.a.
while that offered by the International Law Firms is generally in the range of INR 15-30 lacs p.a.
Entrance Exams:
Almost all the leading institutes take admission through entrance exams which are conducted in the month of Apr,
May or June every year. The major exams are:
Common Law Admission Test (CLAT): For admission to 14 NLUs
All India Law Entrance Test (AILET): For admission to NLU Delhi
LSAT India: For admission to about 30 leading Law colleges in India
Symbiosis Entrance Test (SET): For admission to Symbiosis Law School
CET Delhi: For admission to Law Schools affiliated to IP University, Delhi
Campus Law Centre, Delhi University, Delhi: For admission to Delhi University
Faculty of Law, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh
BHU LEE (Law Entrance Exam of Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi)
Army Institute of Law, Mohali
Lloyd Entrance Test for Law (LET)
Common Law Admission Test (CLAT)
Started in 2008, the Common Law Admission Test (CLAT) is an all India entrance examination conducted by 14
National Law Schools/Universities for admissions to their under-graduate and post graduate degree programmes
(LL.B & LL.M).
The 14 participating NLUs in the order of their establishment are:
National Law School of India University, Bangalore (NLSIU)
NALSAR University of Law, Hyderabad (NALSAR)
National Law Institute University, Bhopal (NLIU)
The West Bengal National University of Juridical Sciences, Kolkata (WBNUJS)
National Law University, Jodhpur (NLUJ)
Hidayatullah National Law University, Raipur (HNLU)
Gujarat National Law University, Gandhinagar (GNLU)
Dr. Ram Manohar Lohiya National Law University, Lucknow (RMLNLU)
Rajiv Gandhi National University of Law, Patiala (RGNUL)
Chanakya National Law University, Patna (CNLU)
National University of Advanced Legal Studies, Kochi (NUALS)
National Law University, Orissa (NLUO)
National University of Study & Research in Law, Ranchi (NUSRL)
National Law University & Judicial Academy, Assam (NLUJA)
These 14 NLUs have about 1,700 seats between them for which close to 30,000 students appeared for the entrance
exam this year. There is a centralized admission process for CLAT on the basis of merit-cum-preference. All admissions
shall be centrally done at NLU which organizes CLAT.
Eligibility:
To be eligible to appear in CLAT, a candidate should have obtained a Senior Secondary School/Intermediate (10+2)
or its equivalent qualification from a recognized Board with not less than 45% marks in aggregate (40%in case of
SC/ST/OBC and PWD). Candidates who have appeared in the 10+2 examination and are awaiting results are also
eligible to appear in the test. However, the candidate must have passed the qualifying examination at the time of
his/her admission and be able to submit its proof.
Age of candidate should not be more than 20 years in case of General/OBC candidates (22 years in case of SC/ST and
persons with Disability) as on 1st July, of the year of the exam.
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Test Pattern
Total Marks 200
Total number of multiple-choice questions of
one mark each
200
Duration of examination Two Hours

Subject Area Marks
English including Comprehension 40
General Knowledge/ Current Affairs 50
Elementary Mathematics (Numerical Ability) 20
Legal Aptitude 50
Logical Reasoning 40
Total 200

From CLAT 2013 onwards, there is negative marking of 0.25 for every wrong answer.
The different subject areas of the exam are as below
English including Comprehension
The English section will test the candidates proficiency in English based comprehension passages and grammar. In
the comprehension section, candidates will be questioned on their understanding of the passage and its central
theme, meanings of words used therein etc. The grammar section requires correction of incorrect grammatical
sentences, filling of blanks in sentences with appropriate words, etc.
General Knowledge/Current Affairs
This section will only test students on their knowledge of current affairs (broadly defined as matters featuring in the
mainstream media between March of the year before of the exam and March of the year of the exam). For example,
for CLAT 2013, it will be March 2012-March 2013.
Mathematics
This section will test candidates only on elementary mathematics i.e. maths that is taught up to the class X.
Logical Reasoning
The purpose of the logical reasoning section is to test the students ability to identify patterns, logical links and
rectify illogical arguments. It will include a wide variety of logical reasoning questions such as syllogisms, logical
sequences, analogies, etc. There will not be any questions from Non-verbal/visual reasoning.
Legal Aptitude
This section will test students only on legal aptitude. Candidates will not be tested on any prior knowledge of law
or legal concepts. Questions will be framed with the help of legal propositions (described in the paper), and a set of
facts to which the said proposition has to be applied. Some propositions may not be true in the real sense (e.g. the
legal proposition might be that any person who speaks in a movie hall and disturbs others who are watching the
movie will be banned from entering any movie theatre across India for one year). Candidates will have to assume
the truth of these propositions and answer the questions accordingly.
If a technical/legal term is used in the question, that term will be explained in the question itself. For example, if the
word patent is used, the meaning of patent (a legal monopoly granted by the government for certain kinds of
inventions) will also be explained.
Admission Process
CLAT scores will be the sole parameter for admission into the National Law Schools. Merit cum preference will be the
basic principle. The first merit list of the candidates will be made available to the respective participating institute
as per merit cum preference basis. This list will be published along with the declaration of the result The eligibility
criteria will be checked by the respective Law Schools/Universities at the time of admission.
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Exam pattern and Analysis
2013 CLAT Analysis
The 6
th
Common Law Admission Test (CLAT) was conducted today in 20 cities across India. The CLAT is the doorway
to 14 national law universities in the country. About 29,000 aspiring lawyers took the exam this year.
The CLAT is a 200 mark, 2 hour paper which tests students on 5 areas, namely, English, Mathematics, Logical
Reasoning and General Knowledge/ Current Affairs, and Legal Aptitude. CLAT 2013 for the first time introduced
negative marking. This year there will be 0.25 mark deduction for every incorrect answer. The paper when compared
to 2012 was much lengthier, which made it challenging. The general feedback from the students was that the paper
was of moderate difficulty level. A criticism against the 2012 paper was that it did not adequately test speed in a
manner that competitive exams should. This years CLAT paper, though not difficult, definitely sought to test a
students nerves in the 2 hours. Most students attempted 160-170 with reasonable confidence. However, the effect
of negative marking will be reflected in the overall cut-offs this year.
Analysis of individual sections
English:
CLAT 2013 paper stuck to the syllabus and previous years paper pattern. There was a Reading Comprehension
passage with 10 questions. The questions following the passage were a mix of direct and indirect and were fairly
simple. The other questions in this section were on areas such as grammar based questions, foreign words, paragraph
formation, synonyms, etc.
General Knowledge/Current Affairs:
According to the syllabus indicated by the CLAT Committee, this section would test students on all areas of general
awareness, including static knowledge. In the 2012 paper, while only current affairs was supposed to be tested, the
paper had many questions from static G.K. This year the Committee expressly included static G.K. in the syllabus.
True to its word, there was a mix of questions from static G.K., and current affairs from the areas of history,
geography, polity, sports, science, important dates, etc.
Mathematics:
On expected lines, the Mathematics section had questions from topics like profit and loss, ratio and proportion,
percentage, geometry, menstruation, etc. There were no surprises in this section but the questions were time consuming
as BODMAS and simplification based questions were missing.
Logical Reasoning:
This year the logical reasoning section had majority questions from analytical reasoning. This section covered
questions from topics such as syllogisms, seating arrangement, distribution, blood relations, number series, letter
series etc. This section was fairly simple and should boost the marks of reasonably well prepared students.
Legal Aptitude:
The syllabus though did not exclude the possibility of knowledge based questions, the paper contained all questions
which were reasoning based and students were not required to possess any prior knowledge of the law. On one side
the positive was that no reasoning based questions were asked without legal principles being given. Many students
found this section to be lengthy. Students who thoroughly prepared for all types of questions, should fare decently
in this section.
The overall paper was of moderate difficulty level, however, most students found it difficult to finish 200 questions
in 2 hours. Further, because of negative marking in this years paper most students did not attempt all questions.
Since the paper was not very difficult with most questions along predicted lines students were happy with the
overall paper. However, this year, due to the negative marking, the students who were thoroughly prepared are
expected to do well as random guess-work and luck factor will become less significant in the outcome of the results.
On a concluding note, a snapshot of section-wise analysis of the 2013 CLAT paper
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35
SUBJ ECT TIME TO BE
GIVEN
NO. OF
QUESTIONS/
NO. OF MARKS
DIFFICULTY
LEVEL
EXPECTED
ATTEMPTS
EXPECTED
SCORE
ENGLISH 40
GENERAL
KNOWLEDGE
MATHEMATICS
LOGICAL
REASONING
LEGAL
APTITUDE
Easy
50
20
40
50
Moderate
Moderate
Easy
Moderate
to difficult
40
35 - 40
16 - 18
32 - 36
38 - 42
28 - 32
26 - 30
12 - 14
25 - 28
28 - 32
20 - 22
minutes
15 - 18
minutes
15 - 20
minutes
20 - 22
minutes
20 - 22
minutes
Expected cut-offs (General Category):
Tier I: NLSIU Bangalore, NALSAR Hyderabad, WBNUJS Kolkata 130 to 136 marks
Tier II: NLU Jodhpur, NLIU Bhopal, GNLU Gandhinagar, HNLU Raipur 122 to 130 marks
Tier III: Remaining 7 NLUs 110 to 122 marks
Sample Question Paper - CLAT 2012
The paper contains 200 questions across 5 sections. Mark the correct answer choice for every question. There is no
negative marking for wrong answers. Time limit for the paper is 120 minutes.
English
Instructions (1 to 10): Read the given passage carefully and attempt the questions that follow.
The work which Gandhiji had taken up was not only regarding the achievement of political freedom but also the
establishment of a new social order based on truth and non-violence, unity and peace, equality and universal
brotherhood and maximum freedom for all. This unfinished part of his experiment was perhaps even more difficult
to achieve than the achievement of political freedom. In the political struggle, the fight was against a foreign power
and all one could do was either join it or wish it success and give it his/her moral support. In establishing a social
order on this pattern, there was a strong possibility of a conflict arising between diverse groups and classes of our
own people. Experience shows that man values his possessions even more than his life because in the former
he sees the means for perpetuation and survival of his descendants even after his body is reduced to ashes.
A new order cannot be established without radically changing the mind and attitude of men towards property and,
at some stage or the other, the haves have to yield place to the have-nots. We have seen, in our time, attempts to
achieve a kind of egalitarian society and the picture of it after it was achieved. But this was done, by and large,
through the use of physical force.
In the ultimate analysis it is difficult, if not impossible, to say that the instinct to possess has been rooted out or
that it will not reappear in an even worse form under a different guise. It may even be that, like a gas kept
confined within containers under great pressure, or water held back by a big dam, once the barrier breaks, the
reaction will one day sweep back with a violence equal in extent and intensity to what was used to establish and
maintain the outward egalitarian form. This enforced egalitarianism contains, in its bosom, the seed of its own
destruction.
The root cause of class conflict is possessiveness or the acquisitive instinct. So long as the ideal that is to be
achieved is one of securing the maximum material satisfaction, possessiveness is neither suppressed nor eliminated
but grows on what it feeds. Nor does it cease to be possessiveness, whether it is confined to only a few or is shared
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by many.
If egalitarianism is to endure, it has to be based not on the possession of the maximum material goods by a few or
by all but on voluntary, enlightened renunciation of those goods which cannot be shared by others or can be
enjoyed only at the expense of others. This calls for substitution of material values by purely spiritual ones. The
paradise of material satisfaction, which is sometimes equated with progress these days, neither spells peace
nor progress. Mahatma Gandhi has shown us how the acquisitive instinct inherent in man can be transmuted by
the adoption of the ideal of trusteeship by those who have for the benefit of all those who have not so that,
instead of leading to exploitation and conflict, it would become a means and incentive for the amelioration and
progress of society respectively.
1. According to the passage, egalitarianism will not survive if
(A) It is based on voluntary renunciation
(B) It is achieved by resorting to physical force
(C) Underprivileged people are not involved in its establishment.
(D) Peoples outlook towards it is not radically changed.
2. According to the passage, why does man value his possessions more than his life?
(A) He has inherent desire to share his possession with others.
(B) He is endowed with the possessive instinct.
(C) Only his possession helps him earn love and respect from his descendants.
(D) Through his possessions he can preserve his name even after his death.
3. According to the passage, which was the unfinished part of Gandhis experiment?
(A) Educating people to avoid class conflict.
(B) Achieving total political freedom for the country
(C) Establishment of an egalitarian society
(D) Radically changing the mind and attitude of men towards truth and non- violence.
4. Which of the following statements is not true in the context of the passage?
(A) True egalitarianism can be achieved by giving up ones possessions under compulsion.
(B) Man values his life more than his possessions.
(C) Possessive instinct is a natural desire of human beings
(D) In the political struggle, the fight was against alien rule.
5. According to the passage, true egalitarianism will last only if
(A) It is thrust upon people.
(B) It is based on truth and non-violence.
(C) People inculcate spiritual values instead of material values.
(D) Haves and have-nots live together peacefully
6. According to the passage, people ultimately overturn a social order -----
(A) which is based on coercion and oppression.
(B) which does not satisfy their basic needs
(C) which is based upon conciliation and rapprochement.
(D) which is not congenital to the spiritual values of the people
7. According to the passage, the root cause of class conflict is
(A) The paradise of material satisfaction.
(B) Dominant inherent acquisitive instinct in man.
(C) Exploitation of the have-nots by the haves.
(D) A Social order where the unprivileged are not a part of the establishment.
8. Which of the following statements is not true in the context of the passage?
(A) A new order can be established by radically changing the outlook of people towards it.
(B) Adoption of the ideal of trusteeship can minimize possessive instinct.
(C) Enforced egalitarianism can be the cause of its own destruction
(D) Ideal of new order is to secure maximum material satisfaction
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9. Which of the following conclusions can be deduced from the passage?
(A) A social order based on truth and non-violence alone can help the achievement of political freedom.
(B) After establishing the social order of Gandhijis pattern, the possibility of a conflict between different classes of
society will hardly exist.
(C) It is difficult to change the mind and attitude of men towards property.
(D) In an egalitarian society, material satisfaction can be enjoyed only at the expense of others.
10. According to the passage, what does adoption of the ideal of trusteeship mean?
(A) Equating peace and progress with material satisfaction.
(B) Adoption of the ideal by the haves for the benefit of have-nots.
(C) Voluntary enlightened remuneration of the possessive instinct by the privileged class.
(D) Substitution of spiritual values by material ones by those who live in the paradise of material satisfaction.
Instructions (11 to 15): Choose the correct synonym out of the four choices given.
11. Lethargy
(A) Serenity (B) listlessness (C) impassivity (D) laxity
12. Emaciated
(A) tall (B) languid (C) very thin (D) wise
13. Latent
(A) concealed (B) apparent (C) lethargic (D) prompt
14. Sporadic
(A) epidemic (B) whirling (C) occasional (D) stagnant
15. Compendium
(A) summary (B) index (C) reference (D) collection
Instructions (16 to 25): Choose the correct option out of the four choices given.
16. Give an example pertinent the case.
(A) with (B) on (C) for (D) to
17. My voice reverberated the walls of the castle.
(A) with (B) from (C) in (D) on
18. The reward was not commensurate the work done by us.
(A) for (B) on (C) with (D) order
19. Our tragic experience in the recent past provides an index _ the state of lawlessness in this region.
(A) of (B) in (C) at (D) by
20. Your conduct smacks __recklessness.
(A) of (B) with (C) from (D) in
21. A good judge never gropes _ the conclusion.
(A) to (B) at (C) on (D) for
22. Nobody in our group is a genius _ winning friends and in convincing people.
(A) for (B) in (C) of (D) at
23. If you are averse _ recommending my name, you should not hesitate to admit it.
(A) about (B) for (C) to (D) against
24. Religious leaders should not delve _ politics.
(A) in (B) with (C) at (D) into
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25. What you say has hardly any bearing the lives of tribals.
(A) about (B) for (C) on (D) with
Instruction (26 to 30): Select the correct meaning of the italicized idioms and phrases out of the four choices given.
26. He burnt his fingers by interfering in his neighbors affair.
(A) got himself into trouble (B) burnt himself
(C) got himself insulted (D) got rebuked
27. Mr. Gupta, who is one of the trustees of a big charity, is suspected of feathering his own nest.
(A) being lazy in doing his work (B) being too generous
(C) neglecting his job (D) making money unfairly
28. Mrs. Hashmi has been in the blues for the last several weeks.
(A) abroad (B) unwell (C) depressed (D) penniless
29. For the first week, the apprentice felt like a fish out of water.
(A) frustrated (B) homeless (C) disappointed (D) uncomfortable
30. His friends failed to see why he should ride the high horse just because he had won an election.
(A) become abnormal (B) appear arrogant (C) indulge in dreams (D) hate others
Instructions (31 to 35): Given below are the jumbled sentences of a paragraph. The first and the last sentence of the
jumbled paragraph are given in correct order. Arrange the middle sentences in the correct sequence.
31. i. On one hand we are proud of being Indians,
ii. on the other hand we behave as if we were still at the dawn of our civilization
iii. murders of our own brothers and sisters is not the way to please Ram or Rahim
iv. the citizens of the land where Buddha and Gandhi taught
v. the principles of love and non-violence,
vi. nor does it fetch us any prosperity.
(A) ii, iii, iv, v (B) iii, iv, v, ii (C) iv, v, iii, ii (D) iv, v, ii, iii
32. i. On the basis of experiments with rats
ii. health experts here say that
iii. exercise more and consume vitamins
iv. they will live up to 100 years or more
v. if humans eat less,
vi. and be vigorous in their eighties and nineties.
(A) ii, iii, v, iv (B) ii, v, iii, iv (C) ii, v, iv, iii (D) v, ii, iii, iv
33. i. The release of atomic energy is the greatest achievement which science has yet attained
ii. but the first invention to which their discoveries were applied was a bomb
iii. the atom was split by physicists whose minds were set on the search for knowledge
iv. it was more deadly than any other weapon invented so far
v. it is with dread that scientists regard the first use to which their greatest discovery was put
vi. however, they are gratified by the numerous applications of atomic energy for peaceful and constructive
population.
(A) ii, iii, iv, v (B) v, iii, ii, iv (C) iii, ii, iv, v (D) iv, v, iii, ii
34. i. The problem of food is intimately connected with population
ii. wages will seldom rise in proportion to the rising prices
iii. the market is governed by demand and supply
iv. without enough food, such people lack health, strength of efficiency
v. if too many people demand goods to go round, prices will rise and poor classes will starve
vi. they fall an easy prey to all sorts of diseases.
(A) iii, v, ii, iv (B) ii, iii, iv, v (C) iv, ii, v, iii (D) v, iii, iv, ii
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35. i. Indias message has always been one of love and peace.
ii. our Buddha was the light of Asia
iii. it has been a source of light and wisdom to the rest of the world
iv. Ashoka, moved by the horrors of Kalinga War, adopted the message of non- violence
v. the greatest apostle of non-violence in recent years was Mahatma Gandhi
vi. he shook the foundation of the British rule in India through non-violence.
(A) ii, v, iii, iv (B) iv, ii, iii, v (C) v, iv, iii, ii (D) iii, ii, iv, v
Instructions (36 to 40): Given below are a few commonly used foreign language phrases, select the correct answer from
the four options given below.
36. Mala fide
(A) generous (B) bad intention (C) trustworthy (D) genuine
37. Tabula rasa
(A) clean slate (B) agitated (C) deprived (D) creative
38. Carte blanche
(A) slavery (B) complete discretion (C) anarchy (D) dependent
39. De jure
(A) illegal (B) heir (C) concerning law (D) forbidden
40. Raison detre
(A) logical conclusion (B) reason for existence (C) free choice (D) dubious argument
General Knowledge / Current Affairs
41. Who said that, Man is a social animal?
(A) Socrates (B) Aristotle (C) Kahn (D) Plato
42. World Computer Literacy day is celebrated on
(A) November 14 (B) November 3 (C) December 2 (D) July 5
43. Whose teaching inspired the French Revolution?
(A) Rousseau (B) Locke (C) Hegel (D) Wagner
44. The II Africa-India Summit was held in May 2011 in
(A) New Delhi (B)Lagos (C)Nairobi (D) Addis Ababa
45. The famous Akshardham temple is situated in the city of
(A) Jamnagar (B) Gandhinagar (C) Jammu (D) Madurai
46. Who out of the following was the recipient of Dhyan Chand Award in 2011?
(A) Satish Pillai (B) Hukam Singh (C)Shabbir Ali (D) Mukh Bain Singh
47. Name the annual fair of Rajasthan that is famous for its camel trading event.
(A) Maru Mela (B) Pushkar Mela (C) Suraj Kund Mela (D) Sonepur Mela
48. The 38th G-8 summit will be held in 2012 in
(A) USA (B) UK (C) Germany (D) Canada
49. Who was awarded the Nobel Prize for literature in 2011?
(A) Paul Lauterbur (B) Bill Clinton (C) Tomas Transtromer (D) Shirin Ebadi
50. Who was awarded the UNESCO King Sejong Literacy Prize in 2011?
(A) Nelson Mandela (B) National Literacy Service, Burundi
(C) Medha Patkar (D) National Literacy Mission, India
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51. December 10 is observed as
(A) World Health Day (B) U. N. Day (C) Red Cross Day (D) Human Rights Day
52. Which is the largest gland in human body?
(A) Pancreas (B) Liver (C) Thyroid (D) Pituitary
53. The book titled The Google Story has been authored by
(A) David A. Vice (B) Shobha Dey (C) Fredrick Forsyth (D) Vikram Seth
54. Which strait separates Europe from Africa
(A) Mallaica (B) Gibralter (C) Berring (D) Palk
55. Taiwan was earlier known as
(A) Fuchow (B)Marshall Island (C) Formosa (D) Macau
56. Identify the Indian Tennis player who has turned Hollywood filmmaker?
(A) Vijay Amritraj (B) Mahesh Bhupathi (C) Leander Paes (D) Ashok Amritraj
57. Where will the next Olympic Games be held in 2012?
(A) Tokyo (B) Berlin (C) London (D) Toronto
58. Which of the following teams has won the Santosh Trophy Football Championship in 2011?
(A) Punjab (B) West Bengal (C) Goa (D) Railways
59. Excess of money supply as compared to supply of goods results in
(A) Depression (B) Deflation (C) Trade deficit (D) Inflation
60. The largest living flightless bird is
(A) Emu (B) Kiwi (C) Ostrich (D) Penguin
61. Which of the following oceans has the shape of the English letter S?
(A) Atlantic (B) Pacific (C) Indian (D) Arctic
62. Which is the longest shipping canal in the world?
(A) Panama Canal (B) Suez Canal (C) White Sea-Baltic Canal (D) Kiel Canal
63. Le Corbusier, the architect of Chandigarh was a national of
(A) Britain (B)Portugal (C)France (D)Netherlands
64. India became a member of UNO in
(A) 1945 (B) 1947 (C) 1950 (D) 1952
65. To which country does India export the largest quantity of iron ore?
(A) USA (B) Japan (C) Egypt (D) Germany
66. The longest highway in India runs from
(A) Kolkata to Jammu (B) Shillong to Amritsar (C) Ambala to Nagercoil (D) Varanasi to Kanyakumari
67. The longest irrigation canal in India is called
(A)Upper Bari Doab Canal (B) Indira Gandhi Canal (C) Sirhind Canal (D)Yamuna Canal
68. Leukemia is a disease related to
(A) Kidney (B) Throat (C) Blood (D) Eyes
69. In which city was Osama Bin Laden killed in May 2011?
(A) Islamabad (B) Abbottabad (C)Faisalabad (D) Peshawar
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70. The XI Five Year Plan envisaged the highest growth in the sector of
(A) Industry (B) Agriculture (C) Services (D) Manufacturing
71. Light year is a unit of
(A) Distance (B) Time (C) Sound (D) Light intensity
72. The IV summit of BRICS was held in New Delhi on
(A) 11th January 2012 (B)1st April 2012 (C) 29th March 2012 (D) 28th February 2012
73. An indigenous nuclear submarine still under construction has been named as
(A) Chakra (B) Sudarshan (C) Arihant (D) Ghaatak
74. Government of India has launched a publicity campaign for census 2011 in association with which of the following
UN organization?
(A) United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) (B) World Health Organization (WHO)
(C) United Nations Childrens Fund (UNICEF) (D) United Nations Population Fund (UNPF)
75. Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA) completed how many years of operation in
2011?
(A)3 years (B) 4 years (C) 5 years (D) 6 years
76. The first ever formula one race in India was held in
(A) Greater Noida (B) New Delhi (C) Faridabad (D) Pune
77. Name the actor who has been honoured with the Dadasaheb Phalke Award in 2012.
(A) Naseerudin Shah (B) Kamal Hasan (C) Soumitra Chatterjee (D) Amol Paleker
78. In which city was the Arab Summit held in the last week of March 2012?
(A) Bagdad (B) Cairo (C) Beirut (D) Riyadh
79. The two Supreme Court Judges who delivered the famous 2-G judgment in February 2012 were
(A) Justice G.S. Singhvi and Justice Gyan Sudha Mishra
(B) Justice G.S. Singhvi and Justice A.K. Ganguly
(C) Justice S.H. Kapadia and Justice A.K. Ganguly
(D) Justice Chandramauli Kumar Prasad and Justice H.L. Gokhale
80. Who presides over the joint sitting of both houses of Parliament?
(A) Speaker of Lok Sabha (B) President
(C) Chairman of Rajya Sabha (D) Prime Minister
81. Christian Lagarde heads the
(A) World Bank (B) UNICEF
(C)International Monetary Fund (D) WHO
82. The seat of International Criminal Court is at
(A) The Hague (B) Geneva (C) Washington (D) Tokyo
83. First Indian to ski to North Pole is
(A) Arun Nayyar (B) Ajeet Bajaj (C) Sq. Ldr. Sanjay Thapar (D) Neal Paramjeet
84. First woman Director General of Police in India was
(A) Kanchan Choudhary (B) Kavitha Choudhary (C) Kiran Bedi (D) Aswathy Tonge
85. Which countries co-hosted the One-day cricket World Cup in 2011?
(A) India, Bangladesh and Sri Lanka (B) India, Bangladesh and Pakistan
(C) India, Sri Lanka and Pakistan (D) India, Sri Lanka, Bangladesh and Pakistan
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86. Priyanka Chopra has been named National Ambassador of
(A) WHO (B) UNICEF
(C)UNESCO (D) International Red Cross Society
87. Who is leading in the Republican primaries to contest the American Presidential election scheduled in November
2012?
(A) Sara Palin (B) Newt Gingrich (C) Rick Santorum (D) Mitt Romney
88. Supreme Court recently declared Salva Judum unconstitutional. What is Salva Judam?
(A) A terrorist outfit
(B) An armed civilian group formed to combat Maoists
(C) A money-chain business
(D) Custom of killing a girl for inter-caste marriage in the name of honour
89. As per the Indian Union Budget of 2012-13, the income-tax exemption limit for persons below 65 years of age is
(A) Rs. 175000 (B) Rs. 200000 (C) Rs. 250000 (D) Rs.190000
90. The U. N. Climate Change Conference 2011 was held in
(A) New Delhi (B) Doha (C) Durban (D) Geneva
Elementary Mathematics (Numeric Ability)
91. P sells a table to Q at a profit of 10%and Q sells it to R at a profit of 12%. If R pays Rs. 246.40 for it, then how much
had P paid for it?
(A) 200.00 (B) 300.00 (C) 248.00 (D) 346.00
92. The least value of x, for which the expression x2+x+17 will not give a prime number, is
(A) 7 (B) 11 (C) 13 (D) 17
93. A train 300 meters long is running at a speed of 25 meters per second, it will cross a bridge 200 meters long in
(A) 5 seconds (B) 10 seconds (C) 20 seconds (D) 25 seconds
94. If 0.06% of a number is 84, then 30%of that number is
(A) 25.2 (B) 420 (C)42000 (D)2520
95. A sum was divided among P, Q & R. R got double than P who got double than Q. If the difference between the shares
of Q and R is Rs. 3675.00, then the sum in rupees is
(A) 4900 (B) 8575 (C) 11025 (D)7350
96. If the ratio of the areas of two squares is 25:36, then the ratio of their perimeters is
(A) 5:6 (B) 25:36 (C) 6:5 (D) 36:25
97. The denominator of a fraction is greater than its numerator by 11. If 8 is added to both its numerator and
denominator, then it becomes . The fraction is
(A) 25 / 26 (B) 35 / 26 (C) 26 / 35 (D)25 / 36
98. The value of
2 2
y
1
x
1
+
where x =2 +3 and y =2 - 3, is
(A) 12 (B) 16 (C) 14 (D) 10
99. If the volume of a sphere is divided by its surface area, we obtain 27 cm. The radius of the sphere is
(A) 9 cm. (B ) 81 cm. (C) 27 cm. (D) 24 cm.
100. One-third of one fourth of a number is 12. Then the number is
(A) 96 (B) 144 (C) 108 (D) 36
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101. In the number series 4,10,23,50,104,216,439 the wrong number is
(A) 10 (B) 23 (C) 104 (D) 50
102. The price of 2 trousers and 4 shirts is Rs. 1,600. With the same amount one can buy 1 trouser and 6 shirts. If one
wants to buy 12 shirts, he has to pay
(A) Rs. 2400 (B) Rs. 4800 (C) Rs. 1200 (D) Rs. 3700
103. If
4 2
3 2
3
x

|
.
|

\
| 2
|
.
|

\
|
= , the value of x
2
is
(A)
12
3
2
|
.
|

\
|
(B)
12
2
3
|
.
|

\
|
(C)
12
5
6

|
.
|

\
|
(D)
12
6
5

|
.
|

\
|
104. A dealer buys an article for Rs. 380.00. What price should he mark so that after allowing a discount of 5%he still
makes a profit of 25% on the article?
(A) Rs. 500 (B) Rs. 475 (C) Rs. 95 (D) Rs. 465
105. In a factory, the production of scooters rose to 48400 from 40000 in 2 years. The rate of growth per annum is
(A) 20% (B) 10% (C) 30% (D) 8%
106. If 3
x
1
x = + , then
2
2
x
1
x + will be
(A) 9 (B) 10 (C) 27 (D)7
107. When 16x
4
+12x
3
10x
2
+8x +20 is divided by 4x 3, the quotient and the remainder are, respectively
(A)
2
61
and x 2 x 6 x 4
2 3
+ + (B)
2
51
and
2
7
x 6 x 4
2 3
+ + (C)
2
61
and
7
2
x 2 x 6
2
+ +
(D)
2
61
and
2
7
x 2 x 6 x 4
2 3
+ + +
108. The sum of two numbers is 2490. If 6.5%of one number is equal to 8.5%of the other, the numbers are
(A) 1411 and 1079 (B) 1412 and 1080 (C) 1141 and 1709 (D) 1214 and 1800
109. 120 men had food provision for 200 days. After 5 days, 30 men died of an epidemic. The food will last for further
(A) 280 days (B) 260 days (C) 290 days (D) 252 days
110. Out of the total income, X spends 20%on house rent and 70% of the remaining amount on household expenditure.
If X saves Rs. 1800, the total income is
(A) Rs. 8000 (B) Rs. 9500 (C) Rs. 7500 (D) Rs. 8500
Logical Reasoning
Instructions (111 to 116): Given below are some statements followed by two arguments. Decide which of the arguments
strongly support the statement and then mark your answer as:.
(A) if Argument (i) is strong
(B) if Argument (ii) is strong
(C) if Both Arguments (i) and (ii) are strong
(D) if Neither Argument (i) nor (ii) is strong
111. Statement: Should the pay scale and conditions of service of government employees be made applicable to
private sector employees?
Arguments:
(i) No, this will develop inertia, inefficiency and would adversely affect spirit of competition.
(ii) Yes, this will enhance dedication to work and institutional loyalty
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112. Statement: Should a strong institution of ombudsman be created in India?
Arguments:
(i) Yes, this will bring transparency and accountability in the administration
(ii) No, this will develop lack of initiative and flexibility in the administration.
113. Statement: Should internal assessment in colleges and universities be abolished?
Arguments:
(i) Yes, this will eliminate the possibility of favoritism.
(ii) No, teaching faculty will lose control over the students and this would adversely affect their academic growth.
114. Statement: Should military training be made compulsory for all college and university students?
Arguments:
(i) Yes, this will develop in them a sense of punctuality and discipline
(ii) No, military training should be given only to those students who are physically fit.
115. Statement: Should students union in colleges and universities be abolished?
Arguments:
(i) Yes, it detracts students from academic and career development.
(ii) No, all great leaders have been students union leaders.
116. Statement: Should the age of marriage be raised to 25 years for boys and 21 for girls?
Arguments:
(i) No, it is difficult to change a social practice in Indian conditions.
(ii) Yes, by that age people develop a sense of responsibility and also complete their education.
Instructions (117 to 120): Each question contains six statements followed by four sets of combination of three. Choose
the set in which the statements are logically related.
117. Statements:
(i) X and Y are siblings.
(ii) X and Y do not quarrel.
(iii) Siblings are known to quarrel often. (iv) X and Y quarrel often.
(v) All those who quarrel are siblings.
(vi) X and Y cannot be siblings.
(A) ii, iv,v (B) i, iv, vi (C) i, iii, iv (D) i, ii, v
118. Statements:
(i) All mangoes are fruits.
(ii) All mangoes are green.
(iii) All mangoes are oval shaped.
(iv) All fruits are sweet.
(v) All mangoes are sweet.
(vi) All fruits are expensive.
(A) i, ii, iii (B) i, iv, v (C) ii, iii, iv (D) iv, v, vi
119. Statements:
(i) All frogs are amphibians.
(ii) All amphibians are not frogs.
(iii) All amphibians are cold blooded.
(iv) All frogs lay eggs.
(v) All amphibians lay eggs.
(vi) Frogs are cold blooded.
(A) i, iii, vi (B) i, iv, v (C) i, ii, v (D) ii, v, iv
120. Statements:
(i) Some men are of short- height.
(ii) Short-heighted men are intelligent.
(iii) Sudhir is a man.
(iv) Sudhir is of short-height.
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(v) Sudhir is intelligent. (vi) All men are intelligent.
(A) i, ii, vi (B) iii, iv, ii (C) ii, iv, v (D) ii, iv, vi
Instructions (121 to 123):Of the four alternatives given in each of the following questions, find the one which is
different from the rest.
121. (A) Fast-Slow (B) Bright-Dark (C) Day-Night (D) Valley-Depth
122. (A ) Body-Hand (B) Foot-Ankle (C) Eye-Ear (D) Wrist-Finger
123. (A) Snake-Frog (B) Goat-Hen (C) Dog-Cat (D) Tiger-Deer
Instructions (124-126): Each question below has two statements followed by four conclusions I, II, III and IV. You
have to accept the given statements to be true, even if they appear to be at variance from commonly known facts.
Read all the conclusions and then decide which of the given conclusions logically follows from the two statements:
124. Statement One: All girls are students.
Statement Two: All doctors are students. Conclusions:
I. All girls are students.
II. Some students are girls.
III. Some students are doctors.
IV. All doctors are girls.
(A) Only I follows. (B) Only I and II follows. (C) Only II and IV follow. (D) Only I and II and III follows.
125. Statement One: All researchers are sociologists
Statement Two: Some researchers are professors. Conclusions:
I. All researchers are professors.
II. Some researchers are professors.
III. Some professors are sociologists.
IV. Some sociologists are researchers.
(A) Only III and II follow. (B) Only II and IV follow. (C) Only III follows. (D) None follows.
126. Statement One: Some democracies are dictatorship.
Statement Two: No dictatorship is a monarchy. Conclusions:
I. No democracy is a monarchy.
II. No dictatorship is a democracy.
III. Some democracies are monarchy.
IV. Some dictatorships are democracies.
(A) None follows (B) Only IV follows. (C) II and III follow. (D) I and IV follow.
Instructions (127 to 129): The following questions comprise of one or more statements. Answer the questions on the
basis of the given statement(s). Accept the factual assumptions required by the question, even if you believe that
the statement is false.
127. Statements:
I. Cheese is bad for people with high-cholesterol.
II. Sumeet does not eat cheese.
Assuming that (i) and (ii) are true, which of the following statement follows?
(A) Sumeet has high-cholesterol.
(B) Cheese is bad for Sumeet.
(C) People with high-Cholesterol do not eat cheese.
(D) None of the above.
128. Statement: Democrats are secularists.
Which of the following statements, if true, would show that the above statement is false?
(A) My father is a secularist but he is not a democrat.
(B) My father is a democrat but he is not secularist.
(C) My father is a democrat and he is secularist.
(D) My father is neither a democrat nor a secularist.
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129. Statement: Where there is a cloud, there is a rain.
Which of the following statements, if true, would show that the above statement is false?
(A) Sometimes there is cloud, but there is no rain.
(B) Sometimes there is rain, but there is no cloud.
(C) There is no rain where there is no cloud.
(D) None of the above.
Instructions (130 to 132) : Read the following information carefully and then answer the questions.
Four friends W, X, Y and Z are students of Class 10th. W and X are good in Hindi but poor in English. W and Y are
good in Science but poor in Mathematics. Y and Z are good in English but poor in Social Studies. Z and X are good
in Mathematics as well as in Science.
130. Who amongst the following friends is not good in Mathematics but good in Hindi?
(A) W (B) Y (C) X (D) Z
131. Which of the following pairs of friends are good, both in English and Science?
(A) W and Y (B) W and Z (C) Y and Z (D) Z and X
132. Which of the following statements is definitely true?
(A) Y and Z are good in English as well as in Hindi
(B) All four friends are good in Science
(C) W is good in Social Studies, Hindi and Science
(D) Y is not good in Mathematics, Hindi and Social Studies
Instructions (133 to 135): Select the statement which logically follows the two given statements.
133. Statements:
I. No athletes are vegetarians.
II. All players are athletes.
III. Therefore -------------------
(A) no players are vegetarians (B) all players are vegetarian
(C) some players are vegetarian (D) all vegetarians are players
134. Statements :
I. All persons who have done any creative work can be responsible critics
II. Z has not done any creative work
III. Therefore --------------------
(A) Z can be a responsible critic (B) Z cannot be a responsible critic
(C) Z can become a responsible critic (D) Z cannot become a responsible critic
135. Statement:
I. One who has squared a circle is not a mathematician
II. Therefore ---------------------
(A) No one who has squared a circle is a mathematician
(B) All non-mathematicians have squared a circle
(C) Some mathematicians have squared a circle
(D) All mathematicians square a circle
136. Statement: The Supreme Court of India is encouraging Public Interest Litigation
Reasons:
I. To increase the reach of justice to the disadvantaged sections of society
II. To quicken the pace of Justice
Identify the correct reason for the aforementioned statement.
(A) Both I and II are correct reasons of the statement
(B) I is the correct reason of the statement
(C) Both I and II are not correct reasons of the statement
(D) II is the correct reason of the statement
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137. Yoga has become a very popular exercise, but it may not be for everyone. If you are interested in high energy and
fast workouts, yoga may not be the best choice. Therefore, evaluate your fitness requirement before joining yoga
classes.
This paragraph best supports the statement that:
(A) Yoga is more popular than high energy exercise
(B) Yoga is changing the concept of fitness in various ways
(C) Before opting for Yoga, assess your fitness requirements
(D) Yoga is a holistic fitness regime
138. Statistics allows us to understand the reality. It indicates developmental directions.
Statistics is good for exposing reality, but it can also be manipulated to perpetuate untruth and misunderstanding.
Data has power to mislead people.
This paragraph best supports the statement that:
(A) Words are more truthful than numbers
(B) Study of statistics is more important than any other discipline
(C) Numbers never lie
(D) Numbers can be used to mislead people.
139. Technology has developed out of stone tools which were used in ancient times. At first, development of new
technology was slow, but after neo-liberal economic policy was adopted there has been a tremendous growth in
technology sector.
This paragraph best supports the statement that:
(A) Stone tools were not really technology
(B) Stone tools were in use in Ancient India
(C) Today new technologies are developing at a fast pace
(D) New technology has nothing in common with the stone tools
Instructions (140 to 144): Given below is a pair of events I and II. You have to decide their nature of relationship.
Assume that the given information is correct and final.
140. I. Prices of toys in the market have gone down
II.Government has reduced import duty on toys.
(A) I is the main cause and II is the main effect (B) I is effect but II is not the main cause
(C) II is the main cause and I is the main effect (D) II is an effect but I is not the main cause.
141. I. Inflation rate in India has come down
II. Reserve Bank of India has increased interest rate.
(A) I is the main cause and II is the main effect (B) I is effect but II is not the main cause
(C) II is the main cause and I is the main effect (D) II is an effect but I is not the main cause
142. I. More and more students are opting for legal education
II.Bar Council of India has introduced Bar Examination
(A) I is the main cause and II is the main effect (B) I is effect but II is not the main cause
(C) II is the main cause and I is the main effect (D) II is an effect but I is not the main cause
143. I. Sea level is steadily rising
II. Global Warming is a serious problem which the world is facing
(A) I is the main cause and II is the main effect (B) I is effect but II is not the main cause
(C) II is the main cause and I is the main effect (D) II is an effect but I is not the main cause
144. I. Financial Institutions are largely unregulated
II. Today, world is passing through a serious phase of economic crisis
(A) I is the main cause and II is the main effect (B) I is effect but II is not the main cause
(C) II is the main cause and I is the main effect (D) II is an effect but I is not the main cause
145. An argument is given below, on the basis of that argument; find out the parallel argument from the given list of
subsequent arguments
Argument: Himalayan Sparrows are disappearing. This bird is an Indian bird; therefore, Indian birds are disappearing.
Subsequent Arguments:
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(A) Industrialists pay most of the taxes. Z is a wealthy man therefore Z must pay most taxes
(B) A pineapple is a fruit, a mango is a fruit therefore pineapple is a mango
(C) Snow tigers are an endangered species; all endangered species must be protected; therefore snow-tiger must be
protected
(D) John is his fathers favorite son, and John knows this must be true because his father told him this; and no father
would lie to his favorite son
Instructions (146 to 149): Each question below is followed by arguments. Choose the most appropriate choice from
the options given below:
(A) if Argument I is strong
(B) if Argument II is strong
(C) if Both the arguments are strong
(D) if Both the arguments are weak
146. Question: Should Judicial Activism be discouraged?
Argument I: No, it would lead to executive dictatorship
Argument II: Yes, Judiciary should stay in the constitutional limits
147. Question: Should the Judiciary be independent of Executive and Legislature?
Argument I: Yes, this is necessary to ensure impartiality in the administration of Justice
Argument II: No, it will develop inertia in Executive and Legislature
148. Question: Should E-Governance be introduced at every Level of public administration?
Argument I: Yes, it will reduce corruption
Argument II: No, it will lead to unemployment
149. Question: Should there be a world Government?
Argument I: Yes, it will eliminate inter-state conflicts
Argument II: No, Rich and Powerful countries will dominate it
150. Some philosophers believe that a concept which cannot be verified can still be valid because of its inner logic
which ennobles it.
In the light of the above statement, decide the status of the statement given below.
Statement: Every person has certain inherent and inalienable rights which must be protected by Rule of Law.
(A) True (B) False (C) Difficult to determine (D) Both True and False
Legal Aptitude
151. Principle: Only Parliament or State Legislatures have the authority to enact laws on their own. No law made by the
State can take away a persons fundamental right. Facts: Parliament enacted a law, which according to a group of
lawyers is violating the fundamental rights of traders. A group of lawyers files a writ petition challenging
the Constitutional validity of the statute seeking relief to quash the statute and further direct Parliament to enact
a new law.
(A) No writ would lie against Parliament, as the court has no authority to direct Parliament to enact or re-enact
a law
(B) The court can quash existing law if it violates fundamental rights and can direct Parliament to make a new law
(C) The court can quash the existing law if it violates fundamental rights but cannot direct Parliament to make a new law.
(D) None of these
152. Principle: When one person signifies to another his willingness to do or abstain from doing anything, with a view
to obtaining the assent of that person to such an act or abstinence, he is said to have made a proposal.
Fact: Ramanuj telegraphed to Shyam Sunder, writing: Will you sell me your Rolls Royce CAR? Telegram the lowest
cash price. Shyam Sunder also replied by telegram: Lowest price for CAR is Rs. 20 lakh. Ramanuj immediately sent
his consent through telegram stating: I agree to buy the CAR for Rs. 20 lakh asked by you. Shyam Sunder refused
to sell the car.
(A) He cannot refuse to sell the CAR because the contract has already been made.
(B) He can refuse to sell the CAR because it was only invitation to offer and not the real offer
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(C) It was not a valid offer because willingness to enter into a contract was absent
(D) None of these
153. Principle: Every person, who is of the age of majority, is competent to contract according to the law to which he
is subject.
Facts: A minor mortgaged his house in favour of Thakur Das, a money lender, to secure a loan of Rs. 20000. A part
of this, i.e. Rs. 10500 was actually advanced to him. While considering the proposed advance, the attorney who
was acting for the money lender, received information that the plaintiff was still a minor. Subsequently the minor
commenced an action stating that he was underage when he executed the mortgage and the same should, therefore,
be cancelled. He prayed for setting aside the mortgage. The mortgagee money lender prayed for the refund of Rs.
10500 from the minor.
(A) As a minors contract is void, any money advanced to a minor can be recovered.
(B) A minors contract is void ab initio, any money advanced to a minor cannot be recovered.
(C) A minors contract is voidable; any money advanced to a minor can be recovered
(D) Advanced money can be recovered because minor has given wrong information about his age.
154. Principle: A person is said to be of sound mind for the purpose of making a contract if, at the time when he makes
it, he is capable of understanding it and of forming a rational judgment as to its effect upon his interests.
Facts: Mr. X who is usually of sound state of mind, but occasionally of unsound state of mind, enters into a contract
with Mr. Y when he was of unsound state of mind. Mr. Y having come to know about this fact afterwards, wants to
file a suit against Mr. X
(A) Mr. X cannot enter into contract because he is of unsound state of mind when he entered into contract.
(B) Mr. X can enter into contract but the burden is on the other party to prove that he was of unsound state of mind
at the time of contract.
(C) Mr. X can enter into contract but the burden is on Mr. X to prove that he was of sound state of mind at the time
of contract
(D) None of these
155. Principle:
(1). The state shall not deny to any person equality before the law and equal protection of the laws within the
territory of India.
(2). The State shall not discriminate against any citizen on grounds only of religion, race, caste, sex and place
of birth or any of them.
Facts: The Government of Rajasthan, passed an order providing for reservations for the Scheduled Castes/ Scheduled
Tribes and Socially and Educationally Backward Classes (including Muslims), and Women, in all institutions of
higher education, including private educational institutions, both aided as well as unaided, in the following
manner: Scheduled Caste- 15%; Scheduled Tribe- 7.5%, Socially and Educationally Backward Classes (including
Muslims) - 27%
I. The reservation policy of the government is violative of the principle of equality envisaged in the Constitution
II. The reservation policy is unconstitutional because it is based on caste which is a prohibited marker
III. Reservation does not violate equality clause as it entails like should be treated like and unlike should be
treated differently.
IV. Reservation does not violate equality clause as the Constitution itself enables the State to make special provision
for the advancement of socially and educationally backward classes of citizens or for the Scheduled Castes and
Scheduled Tribes.
(A) I is correct (B) I and II are correct (C) III is correct (D) III and IV are correct
156. Principle: Nothing is an offence merely by reason of its being done with the knowledge that it is likely to cause
harm, if it be done without any criminal intention to cause harm, and in good faith for the purpose of preventing
or avoiding other harm to a person or property.
Facts: Mr. Sharman, the Captain of a steam vessel, suddenly and without any fault or negligence on his part, finds
himself in such a position that, before he can stop his vessel, he must inevitably run down a boat B, with twenty or
thirty passengers on board, unless he changes the course of his vessel, and that, by changing his course, he must
incur the risk of running down a boat C with only two passengers on board and which he may possibly clear.
(A) Sharman has committed no offence because this was done out of necessity
(B) Sharman can be held responsible for the act of criminal negligence
(C) Sharman can be held responsible for culpable homicide
(D) This is a clear case of accident so Sharman cannot be held responsible
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157. Principle: Willful rash driving is an offense.
Facts: Mr. Tiwari was driving his car after drinking alcohol. Police books him for willful negligent driving. Is the act
of the police lawful?
(A) No, because Mr. Tiwari was not driving rashly; he was drunk while driving.
(B) No, this is not a negligent act.
(C) Yes, because Mr. Tiwari was driving rashly.
(D) Yes, because the police has the power to arrest a person driving rashly.
158. Principle: Whoever, intending to take dishonestly any movable property out of the possession of any person
without that persons consent, moves that property with an intention to take it, is said to commit theft.
Facts: Y cuts down a tree on Zs ground, with the intention of dishonestly taking it out of Zs possession without Zs
consent. Y could not take away the tree.
(A) Y can be prosecuted for theft (B) Y cannot be prosecuted for theft
(C) Y can be prosecuted for attempt to theft (D) Y has neither committed theft nor attempted to commit theft
159. Principle: Injuria Sine Damnum i.e. Injury (violation of legal right) without damage Facts: X, who was the returning
officer at a polling booth in Amethi, wrongly refused to register a duly tendered vote of Y in the recent UP elections,
even though Y was an eligible voter. The candidate in whose favour Y wanted to vote, was declared elected. Give the
appropriate answer-
(A) Y can sue X on the ground that he was denied the right to cast vote, which is a fundamental right.
(B) Y can sue X on the ground that he was denied the right to cast vote, which is a legal right
(C) Y cannot sue X because there is no injury or damage caused to Y
(D) Y cannot sue X because the candidate in whose favor he wanted to vote was declared elected.
160. Principle: Nothing is an offence which is done by a person who, at the time of doing it, by reason of unsound state
of mind, is incapable of knowing the nature of the act, or something that he is doing is either wrong or contrary
to law.
Fact: X takes his son Y who is three years old, for bathing to the well. He throws his son inside the well so that the
son can have a good bath. After 10 minutes he also jumps into the well to take bath and get his son out of the well.
Both were rescued by the villagers but his son was found dead.
(A) X has committed culpable homicide amounting to murder
(B) X has committed murder
(C) X has done no offence as he can plead the defense of unsound state of mind
(D) Xs family should be held responsible for allowing him to take the child to the well
161. Principle: Ignorance of Fact is excused but ignorance of law is no excuse
Fact: X was a passenger from Zurich to Manila in a Swiss Plane. When the plane landed at the Airport of Bombay on
28 Nov. 1962 it was found on searching that X carried 34 kg of Gold Bars on his person and that he had not declared
it in the Manifest for Transit. On 26th Nov. 1962 the Government of India had issued a notification modifying
its earlier exemption, making it mandatory now that the gold must be declared in the Manifest of the aircraft.
(A) X cannot be prosecuted because he had actually no knowledge about the new notification issued two days ago
(B) X cannot be prosecuted because ignorance of fact is excusable
(C) X can be prosecuted because ignorance of law is not excusable
(D) Xs liability would depend on the discretion of the court
162. Principle: Proposal (communication) +Acceptance (communication) +Consideration = Contract. The communication
of a proposal is complete when it comes to the knowledge of the person to whom it is made.
Facts: Xs nephew absconded from home. He sent his servant in search of the boy. After the servant had left, X by
handbills offered to pay Rs. 501 to anybody finding his nephew. The servant came to know of this offer only after
he had already traced the missing child. He, therefore, brought an action to recover the reward.
(A) His action would fail because he was not aware of the offer
(B) His action would not fail because it was a general offer
(C) The fact that he was not aware of the offer does not make any difference and hence it was a valid contract. It is
a mere formality
(D) None of the above
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163. Principle: Agreements, the meaning of which is not certain, or not capable of being made certain, are void.
Facts: A horse was bought for a certain price coupled with a promise to give Rs.500 more if the horse is proved
lucky.
(A) This is a valid agreement.
(B) This agreement is void for uncertainty because it is very difficult to determine what luck, bad or good, the horse
has brought to the buyer.
(C) The agreement is partially valid and partially void.
(D) None of the above.
164. Principle: Mere silence as to the facts likely to affect the willingness of a person to enter into a contract is not a
fraud, unless the circumstances of the case are such that, on close examination it is found to be the duty of the
person keeping silent to speak, or unless his silence is, in itself, equivalent to speech.
Facts: X sells by auction to Y, a horse which X knows to be of unsound state of mind. X says nothing to Y about
the horses unsound state of mind. Give the correct answer-
(A) X can be held liable for fraud.
(B) X can be held liable for misrepresentation
(C) X cannot be held liable, because he did not say anything positive about the mental state of the horse.
(D) X cannot be held liable because it is the buyer who must be aware of the things.
165. Principle: Any direct physical interference with goods in somebodys possession without lawful justification is
called trespass of goods.
Facts: Z purchased a car from a person who had no title to it and sent it to a garage for repair. X believing wrongly
that the car was his, removed it from the garage.
(A) X can be held responsible for trespass of goods
(B) X cannot be held responsible for trespass of goods as he was under a wrong belief.
(C) X has not committed any wrong.
(D) None of the above.
Instructions (166 to 180 ): Each of the next nine questions consists of two statements, one labeled as Assertion (A) and
other as Reason (R). You are to examine these two statements carefully and mark the answer as:
(A) if Both A and R are individually true and R is the correct explanation of A.
(B) if Both A and R are individually true but R is not the correct explanation of A
(C) if A is true but R is false
(D) if A is false but R is true
166. Assertion (A): A void contract is not necessarily illegal
Reason (R): Every illegal contract is void.
167. Assertion (A): The Indian Constitution was adopted on 26th November, 1949.
Reason (R): Law Day is celebrated in India on 26th November every year.
168. Assertion (A): The state shall not make any law, which takes away or abridges the rights conferred by Part III
(Fundamental Rights) and any law made in contravention of this clause shall, to the extent of the contravention, be
void.
Reason (R): The fundamental rights are the rights reserved by the people and for this reason they are eternal and
sacrosanct.
169. Assertion (A): Directive Principles of State Policy contained in Part IV shall not be enforceable by any court, but the
principles therein laid down are nevertheless fundamental in the governance of the country and it shall be the duty
of the State to apply these principles in making laws.
Reason (R): Directive Principles of State Policy and Fundamental Rights are both complementary to each other but
in case of any controversy fundamental rights will prevail.
170. Assertion (A): All minorities, whether based on religion or language, shall have the right to establish and administer
educational institutions of their choice.
Reason (R): Institutions established by the minorities are not entitled to governmental aid and government is not
under an obligation to give aid.
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171. Assertion (A): The right to move the Supreme Court under Article 32 of the Constitution by appropriate proceedings
for the enforcement of the fundamental rights is guaranteed as a fundamental right.
Reason (R): Supreme Court of India has been appointed as the guardian of the Constitution.
172. Assertion (A): If the budget presented to the Rajya Sabha in not passed in the stipulated period, the budget
proposals are not affected.
Reason (R): The Lok Sabha is more powerful, in financial matters, than the Rajya Sabha.
173. Assertion (A): In the Event of violation of any legal right (tort) the aggrieved party is entitled to recover unliquidated
damages. the same position in which he would have been if the wrong would not have been committed. Damages are
therefore, assessed on that basis.
174. Assertion (A): During inflation, there is increase in money supply and rise in price level.
Reason (R): The rise in prices is due to shortage in supply of essential consumer goods.
175. Assertion (A): X, because of unsound state of mind and not knowing the nature of the act, attacks Y, who in self
defense and in order to ward off the attack hits him thereby injuring him. Y has not committed an offence.
Reason (R): Y had a right of private defense against X under Section 98 of the Indian Penal Code.
176. Assertion (A): X and Y independently entertained the idea to kill Z. Accordingly; each of them separately inflicted
wounds on Z who died as a consequence. X and Y are liable for murder under 341 IPC.
Reason (R): When a criminal act is done by several persons in furtherance of common intention of all, each of
such persons is liable as if the whole act was done by him alone.
177. Assertion (A): A person claims compensation for his non-gratuitous act.
Reason (R): A person who enjoys benefit from lawful, non-gratuitous act of another must compensate him even
though there is no contract.
178. Assertion (A): Freedom of Speech is the most important civil liberty of people in a democratic polity.
Reason (R): State can regulate free speech in the interest of public order.
179. Assertion (A): Austins concept of law is known as imperative theory
Reason (R): Austin emphasized on the commanding character of law.
180. Assertion (A): The essence of joint liability under section 149 of the IPC is that the criminal act must have been done
with a view to fulfill the common object of an unlawful assembly.
Reason (R): Any sudden and provocative act done by a member of an unlawful
assembly would render the other members of that assembly liable.
181. The following are enshrined in the Preamble of the Constitution of India
I. Equality of status and of opportunity II. Liberty of thought, expression, belief, faith and worship
III. Justice-social, economic and political IV. Fraternity assuring the dignity of the individual
V. Unity and Integrity of the nation
Which of the following is the correct order in which they appear in the preamble?
(A) V-I-II-IV-III (B) III-II-I-IV-V (C) III-I-II-V-IV (D)I-II-IV-III-V
182. Which one of the following statements is correct?
Right to free and compulsory education for all children of the age of 6 to 14 years is:
(A) a fundamental right enforceable in law
(B) a fundamental duty
(C) a directive principle of state policy
(D) a fundamental right which, however, can be enforced only if the state makes an enabling legislation
183. Affirmative action connotes:
I. Measures taken by the state to help the socially disadvantaged groups
II. Positive discrimination
III. Strict quotas for the socially and educationally backward class in school/college admissions and jobs.
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Which of the above mentioned is true?
(A) I and II only (B) II only (C) I, II and III (D) II and III only
184. Identify the correct statement:
(A) Federalism implies a system of government which embodies a division of powers between a central and a
number of regional authorities
(B) Federalism implies a system of government which embodies a division of powers between Legislature, Executive
and Judiciary
(C) Federalism implies a system of Government which embodies Parliamentary supremacy
(D) None of these
185. Consider the following statements:
I. In a recent Supreme Court verdict pronounced by Justice Markandeya Katju and Justice Gyan Sudha Mishra, the
court upheld the constitutionality of the Haj subsidy
II. Muslims are not the only beneficiaries of the secular states generosity. Hindus have also received substantial
financial support from the Government With reference to the statements mentioned above, which of the following
is correct?
(A) I only (B) II only (C) Both I and II (D) Neither I nor II
186. X, a married woman, agreed to live in adultery with B and also agreed to serve him as his housekeeper. In return, B
agreed to pay X Rs. 500 per month for living in adultery and Rs. 500 per month for housekeeping. The agreement is
(A) Valid
(B) Void
(C) Void as to the first object but valid with respect to the second object
(D) Unlawful as being opposed to public policy
187. Ramu applied for the post of Director in an organization. The governing body of the organization passed a resolution
appointing him to the post. After the meeting, one of the members of the governing body informed him privately
of the resolution. Subsequently, the resolution was rescinded. Ramu claims damages. Which one of the following
is the correct legal proposition in the case?
(A) Ramu cannot claim damages as he had not resigned from his existing post in anticipation of getting the
appointment letter
(B) Ramu cannot claim damages as there was no formal communication
(C) Ramu can claim damages as governing body cannot rescind the resolution once passed
(D) Ramu can claim damages as there was private communication
188. The Railway authorities allowed a train to be over crowded. In consequence, a legitimate passenger Mr. X got
his pocket picked. Choose the appropriate answer:
(A) Mr. X can sue the Railway authorities for the loss suffered
(B) Mr. X cannot sue because he had given his consent to travel in a over-crowded train
(C) Mr. X cannot sue railway authorities because there was no infringement of his legal right and mere fact that the
loss was caused does not give rise to a cause of action
(D) None of these
189. Z is carried off by a tiger. X fires at the tiger, knowing that the shot might kill Z, but with no intention to kill Z, and
in good faith trying to save Z. Xs shot, however, gives Z a mortal wound. Choose the correct option
(A) X has committed an offence of a grievous nature.
(B) X has no moral duty to save Z therefore he can be held liable.
(C) X has not committed any offence, as the act was in good faith and for the benefit of Z.
(D) None of the above
190. Ms. Usha wants to file a suit against Bhagyalaxmi Theatre praying for a permanent injunction (stay order) restraining
the theatre from running the film named Jai Santoshi Maa. Her contention is that the film hurt her religious
feelings and sentiments as Goddess Saraswati, Laxmi and Parvati were depicted as jealous and were ridiculed.
(A) She cannot file a suit because injury to religious feelings is not a legally recognized right.
(B) She cannot file a suit because the Theatre has a fundamental right to speech and expression.
(C) She can file a suit as injury to religious feelings has been legally recognized as a right (injuria sine damnum)
(D) It is a case of complete judicial discretion.
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191. Match schedule one and two and choose the appropriate answer-
Schedule I Schedule II
i. Concurrent list 1. Constitution of Japan
ii. Rule of Law 2. Constitution of Ireland
iii. Directive Principle of State Policy 3. British Constitution
iv. Procedure established by law 4. Constitution of Australia
(A) i-1, ii-2, iii-3, iv-4 (B) i-2, ii-4, iii-3, iv-1 (C) i-1, ii-3, iii-4, iv-2 (D) i-4, ii-3, iii-2, iv-1
192. P, Q and R made a joint promise to give S a sum of Rs.3000. S recovered the whole amount from P. Q was declared
insolvent and cannot give anything. Which statement out of the following is correct?
(A) P cannot get anything from R. (B) P can recover Rs.1000 from R.
(C) P can recover Rs.1500 from R (D) P can recover Rs.2000 from R.
193. X went to Ys house and forgot his bag which contained 1 kg sweets. Ys children consumed the sweets. Decide the
liability of Y.
(A) Y is bound to pay the price of sweets to X (B) Y is not bound to pay anything
(C) Y is bound to pay half the price of sweets. (D) Y would not have to pay anything because X loves Ys children.
194. Which one of the following is not correct?
(A) Freedom of speech and expression includes freedom of press.
(B) Right to life and personal liberty includes right to carry on any trade and profession
(C) Right to equality includes the principles of natural justice
(D) Freedom of conscience includes the wearing and carrying of kirpans by the Sikhs
195. Y makes an attempt to steal some jewels by breaking open a box and finds, after opening the box, that there is no
jewel in it. Choose the appropriate answer.
(A) Y is not guilty of attempt to theft because the box was empty. (B) Y is guilty of attempt to commit theft.
(C) Y is guilty of trespass. (D) Y is not guilty of any offence.
196. A lady wanted to get a railway ticket but finding a crowd near the ticket window at the station, asked Raju, who was
near the window, to get a ticket for her and handed him money for the same. Raju took the money and instead of
getting the ticket, ran away with it. What offence has been committed by Raju?
(A) No offence (B) Criminal breach of trust (C) Criminal misappropriation (D) Theft
197. The Right to Equality is guaranteed by-
(A) Article 14 to 18 (B) Article 14 (C) Article 14 and 15 (D) Article 14, 15 and 16
198. Mr. Samay was severely hurt while working in his factory and fell unconscious. He wasrushed to a hospital by
his fellow workers. In the hospital (at emergency/casualty ward) the doctors opined that he should be operated
immediately. While conducting preliminary examinations, he was found to be HIV positive. The doctors are in a
dilemma regarding what should they do first-
(A) Doctors should operate first
(B) Doctors should inform his family members
(C) Doctors should inform his employers
(D) Doctors should not inform anyone because it would violate patients right of privacy.
199. Match the schedule I and II and choose the appropriate answer-
Schedule I Schedule II
i Republic 1. Head of the state is elected by the people
ii Secular 2. State does not recognize any religion as religion of the state
iii Democracy 3. The government which gets authority from the will of the people
(A) i-1, ii-2, iii-3 (B) i-1, ii-3, iii-2 (C) i-2, ii-3, iii-1 (D) i-3, ii-2, iii-1
200. In which of the following cases can a Constitutional amendment be passed just by a simple majority in Parliament?
(A) Election matters (B) Change in the name and boundaries of states
(C) Powers of the President (D) None of the above
Answers given at the end of the magazine
Vol ume- 1
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Feature : NLSIU, Banglore
The National Law School of India University, Bangalore
The National Law School of India University (NLSIU), Bangalore came into
existence by an Act of the State of Karnataka and began with its first batch
in July 1988 under the aegis of Prof. (Dr.) N.R. Madhava Menon, with the
vision to create a world class centre for legal education and research,
and at the same time to reform the existing legal education in India. It was
the first of its kind university for law in India and has since then paved the
way for 15 national law universities in the country.
Academic Programmes :
NLSIU offers a B.A. LL.B (Hons.) (Integrated Bachelor of Law) programme at
the undergraduate level, with an intake capacity of 80 students in each
batch. It is a 5 year intensive curriculum, covering about 60 subjects in 12
trimesters. It also offers post-graduate and research programmes including
a 2 year LL.M (Master of Law) degree in various disciplines and M. Phil
(Master of Philosophy).
Activities and Facilities :
NLSIU changed the way legal education was imparted in India. The teaching methodology is based on extensive
research, readings, project work, and clinical legal education. It attracts excellent faculty from India and abroad
and facilitates international students exchange programme, allowing its students to study a semester in a university
abroad. Further, NLSIU provides its students with placement assistance, and over the years has seen nearly 100%
placement every year.
NLSIU boasts of a holistic fully-residential academic programme and a range of curricular and non-curricular
activities. It conducts moot-courts (a mock court wherein students are presented with a fictional legal case and are
thereafter required to research and submit a written memorial or brief, finally arguing their case before a panel of
judges), debates, and hosts notable academic discussions. Students are also encouraged to participate in a variety
of co-curricular activities like sports, dramatics, musical and cultural fests.
Achievements:
Over the years NLS has established a distinct name for itself, in India and abroad. Its alumni have established
practices in the High Courts and the Supreme Court, are partners at prestigious law firms globally like Clifford
Chance, Allen & Overy, Linklaters etc. and Amarchand Mangaldas, AZB & Partners, Trilegal, Luthra & Luthra, Khaitan &
Co., etc. in India. Others have gone on to study further at prestigious institutes like Harvard, Yale, Oxford with
distinguished scholarships. Many have become judges, civil servants, academicians, professors or have joined
politics.
Admissions and Eligibility :
Admission to the undergraduate degree programme is entirely on merit assessed through the Common Law Admission
Test (CLAT) conducted every year. Students who have passed their class 12
th
with not less than 45%marks and have
not completed 20 years of age as on 1 July of the year of admission are eligible to take the exam.
I loved my five years at law school and would go back in a heartbeat. Like
every other law school in the country, nowhere else would you get the
opportunity to spend your best years thinking about society and how to
change it! , NLS, batch of 2007-2012 Niharika Rao
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Feature : International Management Institute, New Delhi (IMI)
B school profile-IMI
IMI was established in 1981 at the national capital with the sponsorship of various corporates. It was set up in
collaboration with IMI Geneva (now IMD Lausanne). The corporate sponsors include RPG Enterprises, Nestle, ITC,
SAIL, TATA Chemicals, BOC and others.
Padmashri Dr. Pritam Singh is the Director General of IMI. Mr. Sanjiv Goenka,
the chairman of RP- Sanjiv Goenka Group is also the chairman of the board of
governors of the institute.
Over a period of time in the last 30 years the Institute has acquired a truly
global status. The Institute received UNDP assistance for promoting
internationally oriented management education. Besides this it has also
various other international linkages with bodies like World Bank, UNDP, ILO,
UNCTAD, Asian Productivity Organization etc.
Presently it has three branches in New Delhi, Kolkata and Bhubaneswar.
Programs offered:
IMI takes students through valid CAT score. Once a student gets a call through
CAT, he has to undergo a round of Group discussion and Personal interview
after which he is offered a seat at the college. IMI offers four postgraduate
programs:
Post Graduate Diploma in Management (PGDM)isatwoyearfull-timeprogramapprovedbytheAllIndiaCouncil
for Technical Education (AICTE) and has been recognized by the Association of India Universities (AIU) as equivalent
to MBA. To provide a global perspective to the students, the Institutes flagship two year Post Graduate Program in
Management has a student exchange program with various European Schools such as ESC Rennes, France, MIP
School of Management France, Graz University Austria, IESEG School of Management and IDRAC Lyon, France etc.
Post-Graduate Diploma in Management (Human Resource) PGDM - HRisatwoyearfull-timeprogramapprovedby
the All India Council for Technical Education (AICTE) and has been recognized by the Association of India Universities
(AIU) as equivalent to MBA
Executive Post Graduate Diploma in Management (Executive PGDM)isa15monthsfull-timeprogramrecognizedby
the Ministry of Human Resources, Govt. of India. It is targeted at participants looking for an exposure in international
business. This program therefore requires the participants to have prior
experience in industry.
Post-Graduate Diploma in Management for WorkingExecutives- PGDM-
(WE)is a three year part-time program for working executives. This
program is recognised by Ministry of Human Resources, Govt. of India,
and All India Council for Technical Education (AICTE).
In addition, the institute offers a full range of custom-made in-company
programs, and Management Development Programs (MDPs), all geared
to enrich creativity and ability to manage in a dynamic global
environment.
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Fees:
For the flagship PGDM course the tuition fees for the 2013-15 batch is INR 11,85,000. Along with that the hostel and
mess charges will be an additional INR 1,20,000 per year.
Placement:
According to the institute website, for the 2012 batch, 49 companies visited the campus to hire a batch of 152. Out
of them, 115 were from the PGDM program and 37 were from PGDHRM, IMIs dedicated HR program. The highest and
the average domestic salary for PGDM was INR 21 lacs and INR 9.75 lacs whereas it was INR 11.35 and INR 8.60 for
the PGDHRM students. The highest International salary for PGDM stood at INR 29 lacs.
Ranking:
From the last two years information, IMI Delhi is among the very good B schools of the country. The other two
branches at Kolkata and Bhubaneswar are new and there is quite a big difference between these branches with the
Delhi branch
B-School Experience
My IMI Life
A usual hot day of April, I came back from office only to find a new e-mail in my inbox. The mail reads Congratulations!
You have been selected for the Post Graduate Diploma in Management Program in International Management
Institute.
Cut to 25
th
June, 2012, New Delhi outside temperature 48 degree Celsius, we have gathered in the auditorium of IMI,
New Delhi, for the induction process. A lot of rules and regulations have been informed, one of them being all the
students can get F if all of them perform badly - enough to scare the new joiners, most of them having engineering
college experience prior to this. But the seniors came at rescue by saying that it takes a lot of hard work to get an F,
much to our relief, since hard work did not feature in our daily routine, at least till then.
Next day was the first class of my MBA curriculum. Class schedule said that the class starts at 8.30 am, thankfully
I reached exactly on time only to find the professor already standing there and I became the last person to be
allowed to enter the class, half of the class standing behind the closed door. But the story doesnt end here, within
10 minutes of the beginning of the class, the rest of the people were also sent to join the people outside reason
being, we had not come prepared with the 25 pager Harvard Business Review case with the solution in the
notebook, which was given as a pre-read in the course material. Stupefied, weve learnt that attending the class
requires active participation in the class discussions, vegetables are not needed in the class.
After a fortnight, got our first assignment, nothing unusual till this point, but the catch was submission deadline
23:59 pm of the same day!! Had our first taste of si opus sit if there is a need, you need to work till mid night.
Some of us, still in the mood of the graduation college days, tried to submit it 5 minutes after the deadline and failed,
the web portal was blocked exactly at 23:59 pm!!
By the time we were getting used to this new strictly disciplined system, got the next hurdle called surprise quiz,
and to add more to our surprise, it contained everything that was taught till the previous class and had three sets
of questions to ensure everyone writes on their own. By the time the quiz ended, we started wondering when the
professor must have got the time to make three sets, as the previous class was only on the day before!
Now, while writing this article, as I look at my book shelf, I see a pile of numerous HBR cases of different subjects and
believe me, all of them are read and properly prepared even if it had called for sleepless nights as I had to prepare for next
days assignments, not-so-surprising-any-more surprise quizzes and B-school competitions also. Foregoing the weekends
has become a part of life owing to the guest lectures, which bring key industry people to share their experiences.
But, how can we complain? When the professors are putting so much effort for the classes, taking care almost at
individual level, its justified on their part to ask us to come prepared for the classes or to submit the assignments
on time. Anytime we need a help, they are just a phone call away. Some of them go beyond the formal teacher-student
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relationship and become our personal counselors at times, trying to guide us to choose the right career path. Having
years of industrial experience, they give the best insight about the industry and to give the idea about present day
scenario, they invite guest lecturers from relevant industry backgrounds to share their thoughts.
Apart from the usual guest lecture sessions and small 2 days summits dedicated to one discipline, we have
Conventus, a weeklong summit, wherein senior management people from different industries and different disciplines
come together to share their thoughts on some present day relevant topics. Each day is dedicated to one of the key areas
like marketing, finance, HR, etc. having four slots a day, making it a very hectic but really engaging sessions. Learning from
those sessions is not for any mid-term or end-term in the B-school, but for the future ahead. Listening to the CMOs and
CFOs of the MNCs from different industrial sectors on one platform is itself an experience for us.
Conventus ends with our cultural fest Kritva- taking all our exhaustion away, leaving us afresh. Along with Kritva,
we have at least 5 more cultural nights keeping our entertainment quotient high throughout the year. All the clubs
and committees also keep on conducting different events throughout the year, keeping us on our toes all the time,
making IMI a happening place always.
Pracheta Chattopadhyay
PGDM 2012-14
International Management Institute, New Delhi
GD and Interview Experince
Institute : Management Development Institute, Gurgaon (MDI)
GD Topic : TV & Movies influence children more than parents
Number of participants present : 10 Time: 8 mins
Details :
The panel gave us 2 mins to gather our thoughts and said that they will give us 10-15 mins for discussion depending
on how our discussion proceeds. It started off peacefully, I was the 2nd one to enter with the point that Movies are
a mirror of our society so its easy for kids to relate their life with movies than one of the guys interrupted and there
on it was a complete fish market. The worst GD of my life, nobody letting anybody make their points, the panel got
frustrated and stopped us well before time and it reflected also in the way the PI was taken. It all happened because
of one person who was shouting all the time.
PI Details:
Panel Members Intro: 2 male, one young (P1) one middle age (P2) professor, 1 silent female professor. 2 persons
before me had stress interviews.. They were grilled and with me it started on the same lines.
P2: So Piyush, you were a diplomat in e-biz. Thats a very high post. (Sarcasm)
Me: Nothing such sir, it was just a level, actually we used to get levels based on the sales we achieve and I was a
Diplomat.
P2: So what was this e-biz, was this your company?
Me: (what are you saying) Obviously not sir, its based in Noida.
P2: Its a big company (I have no idea why he said so but could sense a lot of sarcasm in his tone). So tell me why you
joined this company?? ( was waiting for this question)
Me: Sir, I would like to brief you on this. I belong to a lower middle class family and since the age of 12 yrs Im supporting
my education myself. In 2nd yr of my engg my fathers earning was so poor that he could hardly support our family
expenses. (that sarcastic smile went away from his face). That time I attended the seminar of e-biz which was taken
by a person from SRCC and liked the concept of MLM and joined it primarily to support my family. I worked well and
thanks to the almighty I could support my family since then with Rs. xxxxx/mnth. Primarily my reason for joining
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was money then I fell in love with the things we did there. We used to motivate people to do better things in life. As
you know sir, most of the college students spend most of their time in shopping malls and study just one day before
exams, we actually motivated them to spend time developing certain skill sets and make it big in life.
P2 : so what were your primary responsibilities?
Me: Sir, Primarily it was selling the products of the company for which I had to sell myself, train distributors, organise
promotional events of capacities ranging from 100-2000 people, taking those events and even training people to
take such meetings, managing people, solving any problem if it arises, promoting my work to new places outside
Kolkata, managing a team of 17,000 people which I had.
P1: You managed 17,000 people ?
Me: Not me alone sir, it was a whole network. I was responsible for making it work properly.
P1: So you arranged this free computer awareness camp. Tell me more about it.
Me: Sir we had a free package in our company for students. We, 5-6 friends together rented a place, bought 20 PCs and
people used to bring poor kids of classes 8-11 for learning computers.
P2: So what were the learning from your work?
Me: I learnt a lot of things. I was a very introvert person and hardly spoke to people. I learnt marketing, public speaking.
I learnt how to make people work and what is the primary motivating factor for people. I travelled to many parts of
the country and learnt how to gel well with people, developing inter-personal skills. I learnt public speaking. I learnt
event management as well.
P2: So whats your biggest strength?
Me: Im a very passionate person sir. Whenever I do something I give it all I have and end up achieving good results. At
e-biz I was the fastest 2nd, 3rd and 4th level achiever in WB and the record still holds. I started preparing for MBA
entrance tests and scored a 99+in all the exams I sat for. I am good at leading people. The people who attended my
leadership empowerment workshops have always said that i am one of the best and are still in touch with me and
respect me.
P2: So whats your goal in life?
Me: Sir, I want to be a successful entrepreneur and contribute to the society in whichever way possible. Belonging from
a lower middle class background Ive seen lot of difficulties in life so I will open an NGO alongside my business to
help poor kids study as I myself wanted to learn a lot but hardly had money to purchase books.
P2: How will you afford MBA?
Me: Sir, I will take an Educational loan. I have some Rs. xxxxxx saved with me but I will keep that aside for my sisters
marriage and take up a loan for studies.
P2: What about your family, how will they survive?
Me: I had a talk with them and discussed the opportunity cost of doing an MBA. Both my father and sister are earning as
of now and my brother is about to graduate so if required he can earn as well to support the family. Moreover I have
given that Rs. xxxxx/mnth to my family till 2012 end so its just about 2yrs after which definitely Ill take care of
things myself.
P2: If youre such a good speaker and motivator what happened in the GD?
Me: Sir, I tried to make my points but was always cut in between and people were not letting others make their points.
P2: Why didnt you moderate and guide the GD in the right direction?
Me: I thought doing that would be showing disrespect to the moderator.
P2: Was there a moderator? (a tough look on the face)
Me: No sir, but you people were there so I thought it may be a disre spect to you people. So I didnt try to do so.
P2 looks at P1, Im done, you continue and he leaves the room
P1: Which other calls you have ?
Me: IIM-L, FMS, IIFT, IIT-B, D, etc..
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P1: What do you mean by etc?
Me: NITIE, NMIMS. (Didnt wish to mention Symbiosis and DSE. Forgot to mention new IIMs)
P1 : and MDI right?
Me: Obviously sir (with a big smile on my face)
P1 : Are you done with their gd-pi ?
ME: Yes sir, only NITIE & IIT-D left.
P1 looks at the female professor and asks whether she wants to ask anything, she nods her head and Im asked to leave.
Me: thank you :)
Interview with CAT / XAT toppers
Topper Says...
Consistency is the key to ace aptitude tests. I had followed a simple daily schedule for my preparations. I used to put
in 25 hrs every week in slots of 1 hr each. I allocated these slots in 4 broad areas - Maths, Logical Reasoning, Data
Interpretation and Verbal Ability. One needs to balance the time spent in the 4 areas well, with a little more focus on
ones weak areas.
Apart from the number of hours per week, every day in the morning I used to put in 1 hr extra comprising of 15-20
minutes for speed maths (crucial for DI calculations) and 45 mins of newspaper reading (mainly editorials).
I can divide my preparation in 2 phases.
Phase 1 (May-June): This phase was mainly for solving all the basic study material which I had with me. I made sure
that I covered all the topics from the study material in all the areas. Another thing which I followed was to study the
topics to be taught in the class, before the class itself. This helped me to grab knowledge faster and better. I finished
the first lot of the study mat in 2 months. In this phase my focus was not on giving tests, but it was more on
understanding the basics properly.
Phase 2 (July-October): Now as I had understood the basics properly, it was time to improve my test taking skills. A
time bound test helps much more than your knowledge of the subject. Always remember that Speed, Accuracy
combined with the Right Choice of Questions holds the key to success in timed tests. Apart from solving advanced
study materials and questions from other sources, I made sure that I give full length tests regularly. In the beginning
I used to give 2 mocks a week, later I gave mocks on alternate days. I used to follow different strategies for mocks,
like, area wise solving, difficulty wise solving and others. I analysed and understood which strategy suits me the
most. After each mock I used to analyse my performance in terms of accuracy, areas of weakness, approach towards
particular questions. I used to learn from my mistakes and improve my performance in subsequent mocks. According
to me Mocks are one of the important parts of your test preparation.
Trust me acing aptitude tests neither requires you neither to be a great mathematician nor amazing at English. It just
needs your ability to deal with situation prudently. Most of the questions you will face in the examination will be
like a candy wrapped in a big paper. Most of us get frightened by seeing the sheer size of the package and lose time
on it, and some of us will open the wrapper and eat the candy. It is most important to think in simple terms. I avoided
using formulas every time and solved most questions by simple methods. I used to figure out various question types
that generally come in the mocks and devised the best possible way of solving them. Be consistent, select questions
wisely in exams, keep your eyes open for shortcuts, take simple approaches to solve questions and you will surely
ace the tests.
Piyush Beriwala
CAT 99.56
XAT 99.72
SNAP 99.37
NMAT 99.34
CMAT Rank 213

Vol ume- 1
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Static Info
Ministers of India
Cabinet Ministers
Dr. Manmohan Singh : Prime Minister, Personnel, Public Grievances and Pensions, Planning,
Department of Atomic Energy, Department of Space
Beni Prasad Verma : Steel
JairamRamesh : Rural Development
V. Kishore Chandra Deo : Panchayati Raj, Tribal Affairs
Palaniappan Chidambaram : Finance
Sharad Chandra Govindrao Pawar : Agriculture, Food Processing Industries
A. K. Antony : Defence
Sushil Kumar Sambhajirao Shinde : Home Affairs
Salman Khurshid : External Affairs
Jaipal Sudini Reddy : Science and Technology, Earth Sciences
Ghulam Nabi Azad : Health and Family Welfare
Dr. Farooq Abdullah : New and Renewable Energy
Dr.(Shri) M. Veerappa Moily : Petroleum and Natural Gas
Vayalar Ravi : Overseas Indian Affairs
Ajit Singh : Civil Aviation
Mallikarjun Kharge : Labour and Employment
Dr. M. Mangapati PallamRaju : Human Resource Development
Kapil Sibal : Communications and Information Technology, Law & Justice
(Additional charge)
Anand Sharma : Commerce and Industry, Textiles
C. P. Joshi : Road Transport and Highways, Railways (Additional charge)
Ajay Maken : Housing and Urban Poverty Alleviation
Smt. Chandresh Kumari Katoch : Culture
G. K. Vasan : Shipping
Kamal Nath : Urban Development, Parliamentary Affairs
Harish Rawat : Water Resources
Kumari Selja : Social Justice and Empowerment
M. K. Alagiri : Chemicals and Fertilizers
Praful Manoharbhai Patel : Heavy Industries and Public Enterprises
Sriprakash Jaiswal : Coal
K. Rahman Khan : Minority Affairs
Dinsha J. Patel : Mines
Ministers of State with Independent Charge
Smt. Krishna Tirath : Women and Child Development
Jitendra Singh : Youth Affairs and Sports

Vol ume- 1
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Prof. Kuruppassery Varkey Thomas : Consumer Affairs, Food and Public Distribution
Srikant Kumar Jena : Statistics and Programme Implementation
Smt. Jayanthi Natarajan : Environment and Forests
Manish Tewari : Information and Broadcasting
Paban Singh Ghatowar : Development of North Eastern Region
Dr. K. Chiranjeevi : Tourism
Bharatsinh Madhavsinh Solanki : Drinking Water and Sanitation
Jyotiraditya Madhavrao Scindia : Power
K.H. Muniyappa : Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises
Sachin Pilot : Corporate Affairs
Ministers of State
Paban Singh Ghatowar : Parliamentary Affairs
S. Jagathrakshakan : Commerce and Industry
Charan Das Mahant : Agriculture, Ministry of Food Processing Industries
Suresh Kodikunnil : Labour and Employment
Srikant Kumar Jena : Chemicals and Fertilizers
Lalchand Kataria : Rural Development
Smt. Deepa Dasmunsi : Urban Development
S. Gandhiselvan : Health and Family Welfare
D. Napoleon : Social Justice and Empowerment
K. C. Venugopal : Civil Aviation
Jitin Prasada : Human Resource Development
Dr. Shashi Tharoor : Human Resource Development
Ramachandran Mullappally : Home Affairs
V. Narayanasamy : Personnel, Public Grievances and Pensions, Prime Minister Office
Smt. Daggubati Purandeswari : Commerce and Industry
Adhir Ranjan Chowdhury : Railways
Kotla Jaya Surya Prakash Reddy : Railways
E. Ahamed : External Affairs
Namo Narain Meena : Finance
Smt. Preneet Kaur : External Affairs
S. S. Palanimanickam : Finance
Sathyanarayana Sarvey : Road Transport and Highways
Tariq Anwar : Agriculture, Ministry of Food Processing Industries
Smt. Ranee Narah : Tribal Affairs
Porika Balram Naik : Social Justice and Empowerment
Abu Hasem Khan Choudhury : Health and Family Welfare
Tushar Amarsinh Chaudhary : Road Transport and Highways
Milind Murli Deora : Communications and Information Technology, Ministry of Shipping
Dr. (Smt.) Kruparani Killi : Communications and Information Technology
Pratik Prakashbapu Patil : Coal
Ninong Ering : Minority Affairs
Pradeep Kumar Jain Aditya : Rural Development
Ratanjit Pratap Narain Singh : Home Affairs
Rajeev Shukla : Planning, Ministry of Parliamentary Affairs
Jitendra Singh : Defence
Smt. Lakshmi Panabaka : Petroleum and Natural Gas

Vol ume- 1
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State Chief Ministers
Andhra Pradesh Nallari Kiran Kumar Reddy
Arunachal Pradesh Nabam Tuki
Assam Tarun Gogoi
Bihar Nitish Kumar
Chhattisgarh Raman Singh
Delhi Sheila Dikshit
Goa Manohar Parrikar
Gujarat Narendra Modi
Haryana Bhupinder Singh Hooda
Himachal Pradesh Virbhadra Singh
Jammu and Kashmir Omar Abdullah
Jharkhand Vacant[III]
Karnataka Siddaramaiah
Kerala Oommen Chandy
Madhya Pradesh Shivraj Singh Chauhan
Maharashtra Prithviraj Chavan
Manipur Okram Ibobi Singh
Meghalaya Mukul Sangma
Mizoram Pu Lalthanhawla
Nagaland Neiphiu Rio
Odisha Naveen Patnaik
Puducherry N. Rangaswamy
Punjab Parkash Singh Badal
Rajasthan Ashok Gehlot
Sikkim Pawan Kumar Chamling
Tamil Nadu Jayalalithaa
Tripura Manik Sarkar
Uttarakhand Vijay Bahuguna
Uttar Pradesh Akhilesh Yadav
West Bengal Mamata Banerjee
85 Academy Awards winners
th
Category Award
Best Picture ArgoGrantHeslov,BenAffleck,andGeorgeClooney
Best Director Ang Lee Life of Pi
Best Actor Daniel Day-Lewis LincolnasAbrahamLincoln
Best Actress Jennifer Lawrence Silver Linings PlaybookasTiffanyMaxwell
Best Supporting Actor Christoph Waltz Django UnchainedasDr.KingSchultz
Best Supporting Actress Anne Hathaway Les MisrablesasFantine
Best Writing-Original Screenplay Django UnchainedQuentinTarantino
Best Writing-Adapted Screenplay ArgoChrisTerriofromThe Master of DisguisebyAntonioJ.Mendez&
The Great EscapebyJoshuahBearman
Best Animated Feature BraveMarkAndrewsandBrendaChapman

Vol ume- 1
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Best Foreign Language FilmAmour(Austria)inFrenchMichaelHaneke
Best Documentary Feature Searching for Sugar ManMalikBendjelloulandSimonChinn
Best Documentary Short Subject InocenteSean Fine and Andrea Nix Fine
Best live action short Film CurfewShawnChristensen
Best Animated short Film PapermanJohnKahrs
Best Original Score Life of PiMychaelDanna
Best Original Song Skyfall from SkyfallAdeleAdkinsandPaulEpworth
Best Sound Editing SkyfallPerHallbergandKarenBakerLanders
Best Sound Mixing Les MisrablesAndyNelson,MarkPaterson,andSimonHayes
Best Production Design LincolnRickCarterandJimErickson
Best cinematography Life of PiClaudioMiranda
Best Makeup and Hairstyling Les Misrables Lisa Westcott and Julie Dartnell
Best Costume Design Anna KareninaJacquelineDurran
Best Film Editing ArgoWilliamGoldenberg
Best Visual effects Life of PiBillWestenhofer,GuillaumeRocheron,Erik-JandeBoer,
and Donald R. Elliott
Vol ume- 1
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SIR ALEX FERGUSON
Childhood: Born to Alexander Beaton Ferguson, a platers helper in the ship building industry, and his wife, Elizabeth
(ne Hardie), Alex Ferguson was born at his grandmothers home on Shield hall Road, Govan, on 31 December 1941.
He attended Broomloan Road Primary School and later Govan High School, and supported Rangers.
Playing Career: Fergusons playing career began as an amateur
withQueensPark,wherehemadehisdebutasastrikeraged16.
DunfermlinesignedhimfromSt.Johnstonein1964,andFerguson
became a full-time professional footballer. He then joined
Rangers for 65,000, then a record fee for a transfer between two
Scottish clubs. There have been claims that he suffered
discrimination at Rangers after his marriage to a Catholic, Cathy
Holding, but Ferguson himself makes it clear in his
autobiographythatRangersknewofhiswifesreligionwhenhe
joined the club and that he left the club very reluctantly, due to
the fall-out from his alleged cup final mistake. The following
October,he went toFalkirk. He was promoted to player-coach
there, but when John Prentice became manager he removed
Fergusons coaching responsibilities. Ferguson responded by requesting a transfer and moved to Ayr United, where
he finished his playing career in 1974.
Career as a manger: In June 1974, Ferguson was appointed manager of East Stirlingshire, at the comparatively
young age of 32. It was a part-time job that paid 40 per week. The following October, he decided to join St. Mirren.
Ferguson was manager of St. Mirren from 1974 until 1978, producing a remarkable transformation of a team in the
lower half of the old Second Division watched by crowds of just over 1,000, to First Division champions in 1977.
Ferguson joined Aberdeen as manager in June 1978. Ferguson led Aberdeen to even
greater success the season 198283. They had qualified for the European Cup Winners
Cup as a result of winning the Scottish Cup the previous season, and impressively
knocked out Bayern Munich and won a European trophy, with a 21 victory over Real
Madridinthefinalon11May1983.FergusonwasappointedmanageratOldTraffordon
6 November 1986. After a slow start to the 199293 season, he took the club to the top
of the table, ending Uniteds 26-year wait for a League Championship, and also making
them the first ever Premier League Champions. Ferguson was voted Manager of the Year
by the League Managers Association. The 199899 season saw United complete an
unprecedentedtreblesweepoftrophies:theleague,FACupandChampionsLeague.The
success coincided with the club becoming the worlds richest and most valuable sporting
brand worldwide. United ended the 19992000 league season as champions, with just
three defeats and a record points margin of 18. In the 200001 season, United retained
the league title for a third season and became only the fourth side in history to do so.
At the beginning of the 200405 season, teenage striker Wayne Rooney (the worlds
most expensive teenager at more than 20 million) and Argentine defender Gabriel
Heinzejoined United while Cristiano Ronaldo continued where he had left off the
previous season (his first) by putting in more match-winning performances. On 11 May
2008, Ferguson led Manchester United to a tenth Premier League title, exactly 25 years to the day after he led
Aberdeen to European glory against Real Madrid in the European Cup Winners Cup. On 2 September 2012, Ferguson
managed his 1000th league game with United against Southampton. Two weeks later, he won his 100th game in the
Champions League with a 10 win over Galatasaray at Old Trafford. On 8 May 2013, Ferguson announced that he
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was to retire as manager at the end of the football season, but would remain at the club as a director and club
ambassador.
Awards and Accolades: On 5 November 2011, the Old Trafford North Stand was officially renamed the Sir Alex
Ferguson Stand in honour of his 25 years as manager of Manchester United. He has won 49 trophies as a manager,
making him the most successful British football manager in history. He is also the only manager in English football to
have managed to finish in the top three league places in 20 consecutive seasons, since the 199192 season. A
bronze statue of Ferguson, designed by Scottish sculptor Philip Jackson, was unveiled outside Old Trafford on 23
November 2012. He also received the Officer of the Order of the British Empire (OBE) in 1983, Commander of the
Order of the British Empire (CBE) in 1995 and Knight Bachelor (Kt.) in 1999.
Controversies: In 2003, Ferguson was involved in a dressing room argument with United player David Beckham,
resulting in an injury to Beckham, alleged to have been caused by Ferguson kicking a football boot in frustration
which hit the player in the face. It has also been suggested that Fergusons intimidation of referees results in Fergie
Time: that is, unusually generous injury time being added in matches where Manchester United are behind.

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SNAP - 2011 General Awareness
1. Swayamsidha is a scheme launched by the Government of India to help
(1) School Children only (2) Health workers only
(3) Senior citizen without any regular income (4) Women only
2. What is Share swap?
A. A business takeover in which acquiring company uses its own stock to pay for the acquired company.
B. When a company uses its own share to get some short term loan for working capital requirement
C. When companies are require to float a new issue to earn capital for their expansion programmes, each
Shareholder gets some additional preferential share. The process is known as Share Swap.
(1) Only A (2) Only A and B (3) Only C (4) None of the above
3. Regarding carbon credits which of the following statements is not correct?
(1) The carbon credits system was ratified in conjunction with Kyoto Protocol
(2) Carbon credits are awarded to those countries or groups who have reduced the green house gases below
their emission quota
(3) The goal of carbon credit system is to reduce carbon dioxide emission
(4) Carbon credits are traded at a price fixed from time to time by the United Environment Programme
4. Both Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and Foreign Institutional Investor (FII) are related to investment in a country.
Which one of the followingstatements best representsan important difference between the two?
(1) FII helps bring better management skills and technology while FDI only bring capital
(2) FII helps in increasing capital availability in general, while FDI only targets specific sectors
(3) FDI flows only into secondary markets while FII targets primary markets
(4) FII is considered to be more stable than FDI
5. In context of global oil prices, Brent crude oil is frequently referred to in the news. What does this term imply?
1. It is a major classification of crude oil 2. It is sourced from North sea 3. It does not contain sulphur
Which of the statement/s given above is/are correct?
(1) 2 only (2) 1 and 2 only (3) 1 and 3 only (4) 1, 2 and 3
6. With reference to the Look East Policy of India, consider the following statements:
1. India wants to establish itself as an important regional player in the East Asian affairs.
2. India wants to plug the vacuum created by the termination of Cold war.
3. India wants to restore the historical and cultural ties with its neighbors in Southeast and East Asia.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
(1) 1 only (2) 1 and 3 only (3) 3 only (4) 1, 2 and 3

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7. Recently oilzapper was in news. What is it?
(1) It is eco friendly technology for the remediation of oily sludge and oil spills
(2) It is the latest technology developed under sea oil exploration
(3) It is genetically engineered high biofuel yielding maize variety
(4) It is the latest technology to control accidentally caused flames from oil wells.
8. Why is the offering of teaser loans by commercial banks a cause of economic concern?
1. The teaser loans are considered to be an aspect of sub prime lending and banks may be exposed to the risk
of defaulters in future.
2. The teaser loans are given to inexperienced entrepreneurs to set up manufacturing or export units.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
(1) 1 only (2) 2 only (3) Both 1 and 2 (4) Neither 1 nor 2
9. Why is the government of India disinvesting its equity in the Central Public Sector Enterprises (CPSE)?
1. The Government intends to use the revenue earned from disinvestment mainly to pay the External debt
2. The Government no longer intends to retain the management control of CPSEs
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
(1) 1 only (2) 2 only (3) Both 1 and 2 (4) Neither 1 nor 2
10. The book Unto this Lastwhich influenced Gandhiji, was authored by
(1) Boris Yeltsin (2) Pushkin (3) Ruskin Bond (4) John Ruskin
11. Besides USA, India has signed, with which of the following countries the agreement being named as Cooperation
Agreement on the development of Peaceful Uses of Nuclear Energy?
(1) Italy (2) Germany (3) France (4) Australia
12. Which of the following country is not a member of the Nuclear Suppliers Group (NSG)?
(1) Russia (2) USA (3) Italy (4) Iran
13. Many times we read in the newspaper that several companies are adopting the FCCBs route to raise capital. What
is the full form of FCCB?
(1) Foreign Currency Convertible Bonds (2) Foreign Convertible Credit Bonds
(3) Financial Consortium and Credit Bureau (4) None of these
14. As per the reports published in various newspapers, RBI has asked banks to make plan to provide banking
services in villages having population of 2000. This directive issued by the RBI will fall in which of the following
categories?
(1) Plan for financial inclusion (2) Efforts to meet Priority sector lending
(3) Extension of Internet and Branchless banking. (4) None of these
15. Which of the following is/ are treated as artificial currency?
(1) ADR (2) GDR (3) Both ADR and GDR (4) SDR
16. Which of the following terms indicates a mechanisms used by commercial banks to provide credit to the Government?
(1) Cash Credit Ratio (2) Debit Service Obligation
(3) Liquidity Adjustment Facility (4) Statutory Liquidity Ratio

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17. Who among the following was not part of the drafting committee of the Lokpal Bill?
(1) Salman Khurshid (2) Anna Hazare (3) Arvind Kejriwal (4) Kiran Bedi
18. Criminal procedure is a subject of which of the following lists?
(1) State List (2) Concurrent List (3) Union List (4) Both 1 and 3
19. One of the worlds biggest Uranium resources was recently found in
(1) Andhra Pradesh (2) Maharashtra (3) Jharkhand (4) Uttarakhand
20. Which of the following was the first venture of Kishore Biyani
(1) Pantaloons (2) Big Bazaar (3) Central (4) Future Capital Holdings
21. Who among the following is often referred to as father of Indias Green Revolution?
(1) Dr. Verghese Kurien (2) Dr. Amrita Patel (3) M. S. Swaminathan (4) Gurudev Khush
22. Who among the following directed the movie Peepli Live?
(1) Ashutosh Gowarikar (2) Kiran Rao (3) Anusha Rizvi (4) Seema Chisti
23. The point at which soild, liquid and gaseous forms of a substance co exist is called
(1) sublimation (2) distillation point (3) triple point (4) melting point
24. The limit beyond which the stars suffer internal collapse is called the
(1) Raman Effect (2) Chandrashekhar limit (3) Aurora Borealis (4) Quasan Zone
25. UNDP reports publishes every year the Human Development Index. Which of the following is not a criteria used to
measure the Human Development Index?
(1) Health (2) Education (3) Living Standards (4) Human Rights
26. The software company, I flex Solutions, was originally a division of which famous financial services company?
(1) Citicorp (2) ICICI (3) HSBC (4) ABN Amro Bank
27. Which of the following is not a member of SAARC?
(1) Bhutan (2) Bangladesh (3) Burma (4) Maldives
28. Which Article of the Indian Constitution recognizes Hindi in Devanagari Script as the official language of India?
(1) Article 345 (2) Article 343 (3) Article 348 (4) Article 334
29. India has finally woken up to the needs of the countrys elderly. With the number of people in the 60 plus age group
in India expected to increase to 100 million in 2013 and to 198 million in 2030, the health ministry is all set to
roll out the
(1) National Programme for Health care of the Elderly (2) National Programme for Senior Citizens
(3) National Programme for Old Aged (4) Rashtriya Vriddha Swasthya Yojana
30. Which of the following statements is/are correct?
1. Non resident Indians (NRIs) can now cast votes in their home constituencies in India.
2. The NRI can cast his vote by postal balloting.
(1) 1 only (2) 2 only (3) Both 1 and 2 (4) Neither 1 nor 2

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31. In a landmark move, which of these State governments has set up a Savarna Aayog, a commission to identify the
deprived and underprivileged families among upper castes?
(1) Uttar Pradesh (2) Bihar (3) Madhya Pradesh (4) Rajasthan
32. Which of these countries has announced one billion US dollar aid for the reconstruction of Nalanda University?
(1) Japan (2) Singapore (3) Malaysia (4) China
33. What is the name of the in-house magazine to be published by the Indian Railways, to be distributed to the
passengers on high end trains?
(1) Rail Vishwa (2) Rail Bandhu (3) Rail Mail (4) Rail Patra
34. The government, in February 2011, set up a task force to create a way to provide direct subsidies to the ultimate
beneficiaries on petroleum working gas and fertilizers. The task force will be headed by -
(1) Nandan Nilekani (2) Apoorva Sinha (3) Sangam Chitra (4) All of these
35. Which of these countries has been added in the BRIC (Brazil Russia India China) groupin of emerging economies?
(1) South Korea (2) Venezuela (3) South Africa (4) Malaysia
36. Which of the following countries was the host of First Asian Yoga Championship held recently?
(1) Thailand (2) Cambodia (3) Vietnam (4) Laos
37. Who among the following has been defeated by Saina Nehwal, who has won the Swiss Open Grand Prix Gold title
recently, becoming the First Indian to do so?
(1) Ji Hyun Sung (2) Wang Lin (3) Kamilla Rytter Juhl (4) Shinta Mulia Sari
38. On March 6, 2011, the Supreme Court held that the __________ has ample powers to enact legislation with respect
to extra-territorial aspects for the security of India?
(1) President (2) Prime Minister (3) Supreme Court (4) Parliament
39. Which country has appointed Brigadier General Ravinder Singh as its next Army chief, the first Sikh in nearly 30
years to be given the forces batton
(1) Thailand (2) Singapore (3) Malaysia (4) Indonesia
40. Anant Pai, better known as Uncle Pai, who recently died was the creator of which among the following comic
series?
(1) Chacha Chaudhary (2) Chandamama (3) Indrajaal (4) Amar Chitra Katha
Answers given at the end of the magazine
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September 2013 MAT
Management Aptitude Test (MAT)is a standardised test being administered since 1988 to help Business Schools (B-
Schools) to screen candidates for admission to MBA and allied programmes. Govt. of India, Ministry of HRD
approved MAT as a national level test in 2003. MAT examination is conducted four times every year, on the first
Sunday of February, May, September and December.
Mode of Test:
Candidate can choose any one of the two options to take the test: Paper Based Test or Computer Based Test.
Test Date:
The paper based test will be conducted on 1
st
September, 2013 (Sunday) and the Computer Based Test will be
conducted 7
th
September, 2013 onwards.
Test Duration:
The test will be of 150 minutes duration.
Test Pattern:
The test will have 200 questions divided into 5 sections each having 40 questions each. There will be no sectional
time limit. The candidate will be given score out of 800 marks.
Eligibility:
Graduates in any discipline.
Final year students of graduate Courses can also apply.
How to apply:
Registration will start from 1st week of July 2013 onwards. Candidates can choose any one of the three ways of
applying:
Obtain Form with MAT Bulletin/CD against cash payment of Rs 1200/- (One thousand two hundred only)from
listed branches of Bank of Baroda, Axis Bank, listed Study Centre of AIMA or from AIMA, New Delhi.
Obtain crossed Demand Draft (DD) of Rs 1200/- (One thousand two hundred only)infavourofAllIndia
Management Association payable at Delhi from any Bank. Register online at website link: http://apps.aima.in/
matsept13 along with the DD details. Detailed procedure is given on the website link.
Register online at website link - http://apps.aima.in/matsept13 and make payment with with Credit Card/
Debit Card (ATM Card). Detailed procedure is given on the website link.
Last Date For sale of Forms and for Online Registration:
14 August 2013 (Wednesday)
Last Date for submission of filled in Registration Forms at AIMA, New Delhi:
17 August 2013 (Saturday)
Test Centre City:
Details will be available by 1st week of July 2013 onwards
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T. Raghunath
Location: VistaMind Chennai
A Post Graduate In Statistics From Madras University 1973
University Rank Holder in both B.Sc and M.Sc
Worked as a Lecturer in Loyola College for almost a year 1973-1974
Worked in various capacities in officers cadre in Syndicate Bank for 20 years 1974-1994
Worked in General Manager/Chief General manager in El Forge Limited for 7 years 1994-2001
CAT trainer from 2001 till date. Trained over 30000 student in the past decade.
Passion: Mentoring (and Teaching) Students
Raghunath Sir is someone who is extremely passionate about mentoring students and ensur-
ing that their performance graph keeps climbing the scale consistently. His relationship with the
students transcends that of a teacher and student in more ways than one. Students look at him as
a figurehead and approach him for a lot more things than just CAT training.
Raghunath Sir has always been a thorough people's person. It is a very common sight to see
students throng him before and after his class to discuss various issues. There are days when
though his class ends at 8.15 pm, he leaves the venue only at 9.15 pm after patiently answering all
student queries. This is not just restricted to his classes. In his office as well, one can always see
a student or two who would have come to meet him. There have also been days where for him
meeting students has taken precedence over his important personal commitment. Such is his
passion towards teaching.
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Crossword
9
ACROSS
1 Increase, exacerbate 14 wonderful (slang) 24 non placet
6 monotonous routine 15 aerated drink 26 compose
7 move bit by bit 16 play on word 27 soon
9 nurture 17 radical 30 ward off
11 gold pieces 19 much ado 31 burden
12 invalid 22 ..vs real life of a star
DOWN
1 Rough 6 & 28. 24 across 21 to hold by absorption
2 verbose 10 prefix meaning without 23 solitary
3 tease 13 .before the storm 25 in the stern of a ship
4 hyena: laugh, horse: ? 18 order
5 Honesty 20 open
Answers given at the end of the magazine
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Gadget Review
Samsung Tab2 P3100
Samsung mobiles have always brought out quality handsets and tablets
that cater to individual needs based on a large demographic. Recently
Samsung came with an offer for its Galaxy series of smart phones and
tab.
I was an user of Reliance Tab V9C for the last two years and thought of
upgrading to Samsung Tab 2 P3100.
TheSamsungTab2P3100haswidescreenareaformultimediaandtouch
sensitive applications, powerful 1 GHz dual core processor, PowerVR
SGX540 graphics chip for gaming purposes and 2G/3G compatibility.
The Samsung Tab2 P3100 runs on the latest version of Android 4.1 (Jelly Bean). One big problem with the Tab 2 is
that its battery cant be removed. It feels more comfortable and portable while using with both hands. It cannot fit
into our jeans and trouser pockets. The design is very much similar to its earlier versions.
In terms of User Interface overlays, Samsung has come far with the famous Touch Wiz UX interface. The movements
and phone functions come without lag using this interface and also makes the phone perform better. The Samsung
Tab2 P3100 comes with a Gyro Sensor, Light and proximity sensor. All the sensors together enable the tablet to
perform at peak conditions.
The Samsung Tab2 P3100 comes with 1 GB RAM gives the device enough free memory to run multiple tasks at the
same time. It has an in-built memory of 16 GB. This memory can further be expanded to another 32 GB by using a
micro SD memory card. This gives the device a lot more memory in total and we can use this extra memory to store
all our favorite videos and music files.
The7inchTFTCapacitivetouchscreenhasaresolutionof1024X600pixelswhichmakeimagesandhighquality
videos stand out in vivid clarity. The screen is capable of 16 M colors. The PLS screen also makes the photos taken
with the 3 MP camera look bright and vivid, with good contrast levels. The front facing 0.3 megapixel camera is good
enough for video conferencing.
The 4000 mAh Li-Ion battery keeps the device powered for over 20 hours on 3G and 30 hours on 2G networks. This
is another area where they could have improved as I have to charge the tab every day. The Samsung Tab2 P3100
comes with a standby time of around 800 hours. The device has 3G connectivity and supports 21 Mbps HSDPA and
HSUPA connections. Gprs and Edge are also supported. The primary camera is capable of Full HD video recording
and playback. The A-GPS works well in conjunction with the Google Maps installed. The USB 2.0 port is fast enough
for rapid data transfers.
The Samsung Galaxy Tab 2 P3100 is among the best 7 inch Tablet in the market, and at Rs. 16400 (and on it a cash
back of 15%) it is a very good option to opt for from Samsung. But, many domestic manufacturers these days are
coming with far better and cost effective tablets. It comes with class and quality. It has great selection of apps. The
camera work is good but could have been better with LED flash. Its embedded features are better and abundant.
Our Verdict
Book Review
IS SHIVA TRILOGY IS A MUST READ OR NOT??
A sequel is a narrative, documental, or other work of literature, film, theatre or music that continues the story of, or
expands upon, some earlier work. In the common context of a narrative work of fiction, a sequel portrays events set
in the same fictional universe as an earlier work, usually chronologically following the events of that work. Such a
sequel is The Shiva Trilogy written by Amish Tripathi, an IIM-C graduate. Sequels are really hard to write as you have
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to acquire some tricky writing techniques to pull them off. It is really challenging for the writer to think upon a new
plot which is consistent to the earlier one keeping the readers interest also. I think that in his trilogy Amish has
done it amazingly.
In his first book Immortals of Meluha he introduced Shiva as a Tibetan tribal legend. After consuming the Somras
he turned into Neelkanth and then he was considered to be the saviour of the Meluha. He fought for Meluha. His
actual motive was to find out the actual evil which he found out to be the Somras as described in the third part. It is
that Somras which turned him into a legend.
In the second part The Secret of The Nagas Amish tried to glorify the activities of the nagas who were hated by the
meluhans. The story in which he made a connection between the meluhan king Daksha and Naga queen Kali is
fantastic.
In the last part The Oath of The Vayuputras, Shiva dedicated himself in destroying the true evil Somras. For this
Shiva used his ultimate weapon Pasupatiasthra and as a result millions of meluhans died. Though the whole plot
is amazing there are some flaws in the writing . The great scientist Brihaspati had actually no role in the plot in
destroying the Somras. What is the need of introducing a character like Tara, the lover of Brihaspati? The main
conspiracy was done by Lord Vrigu. He insisted Daksha to destroy the Neelkanth. But at the end of the story he was
not punished for what he had done. But Vrigus friends who were with him in the conspiracy were destroyed. Lord
Neel kanth used the ultimate weapon Pasupatiasthra inspite of the Vayuputras warned him not to use it. Why should
you kill the millions of innocent peoples of meluha for the wrongdoings of their king? I think this ultimately defiles
the image of the great Neelkanth. The problem of the panchvati also remained unsolved which is still a mytery to the
readers. Where should the Nagas go after the destruction of the Meluha?
But overall it is a very good story and a worth reading to me. I think Amish tried it really hard to give The Shiva
Trilogy a modern look and he is successful in doing it.
Our Verdict
Latest Apps
WHATSAPP
On 16
th
May, as the IPL 2013 spot fixing hit the headlines, the police said that the tainted
cricketers were in touch with the bookies through a new application- Whatsapp.
So, what is Whatsapp?
We know people go to sleep excited about who they chatted with that day (and
disappointed about who they didnt). We want WhatsApp to be the product that keeps you
awakeand that you reach for in the morning.- is what one of the official blogs on the
whatsapp website say about the application.
Whatsapp - is a cross platform messaging application which can be installed in any
smartphone- windows, iphone , blackberry or android. Now, you dont need BBM only to
chat with a friend who has a blackberry. This application is developed by Whatsapp Inc, a company formed by two
persons working previously at Yahoo. As a leading newspaper wrote whatsapp will do to sms what skype has done
to the international calls to landlines.
Why do we need Whatsapp?
The generation Y these days are mostly using smartphones where they are connected to their friends through
various social networking sites using the mobile internet services. As the mobile telephony has developed from 2G
services to 3G and now 4g services, the cost of internet services on a mobile phone has gone down and the data
speed has gone up. On the other hand the Telecom Regulatory Authority of India (TRAI) has first put a restriction on
bulk sms and then a cap on the number of sms sent per day ranging from 30 to 100 sms per day. Most of the young
generation people who were heavily dependant on messaging services had to cut down on the messages due to this.
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People were looking for an alternative and that is given by whatsappp. Whatsapp can be used to send messages as
well as photos, videos and audio messages without any extra cost. It only needs an working internet connection in
the phone. The internet that was used initially to view facebook and twitter will now be used to send messages also.
One has to install the free whatsapp application in the mobile phone.
What is the cost of using Whatsapp?
Whatsapp comes for free for one year service and after that you will have to buy the license by paying a minimum
sum of Rs 50-60 for another additional year service. This is where the cost has reduced by a huge margin and
anybody can also afford the above sum very easily. Above all the sum is for one year service whereas sms top ups
are monthly services where you will have to recharge your account every month thus saving on your effort. As one
of the owners of Whatsapp when asked about the charges said. Have you considered the alternatives?
Let us try and analyse the financial aspect in details?
Every month, Ram spends Rs 100 for 1 GB data connection and uses an sms top up Rs 69 for 100 free sms/per day.
For the MMS, the cost is additional Rs 5/per mms. If in a month he sends 20 mms then the total cost for that month
of sms and mms together is Rs 169. If we add the data cost then the total becomes Rs 269 per month or Rs 3228 per
year. On the other hand if he uses Whatsapp then there will be a direct saving s of Rs 2000. Even if he goes for a
higher data limit i.e. Rs 199 for 2 GB still he ends up saving money. For normal browsing and checking emails a data
limit of 1 GB is more than sufficient and the whats app messages can easily be sent with the remaining data.
Whatsapp, which handled one billion messages in a day in October 2011 for the first time went on to handle 10
billion messages in a day by the end of the next year 2012.For the information, one billion messages mean-
41,666,667 messages an hour, 694,444 messages a minute, and 11,574 messages a second.
Whatsapp is not the only messaging service available to us. We talk, Kakao Talk and various others are also
available in the market. There will be a situation when people will stop using the sms service of the service provider
and will shift entirely to various messaging services like Whatsapp.
Our Verdict :
Excellent
Very Good
Average
Poor
Hopeless

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Answer of Crossword
Answer of Current Affairs Quotient
Answers
1. a 2. d 3. c 4. c 5. b 6. d 7. c 8. b 9. c 10. a
11. c 12. a 13. b 14. a 15. b 16. a 17. c 18. d 19. a 20. a
21. b 22. b 23. b 24. b 25. a 26. b 27. b 28. b 29. a 30. c
31. b 32. b 33. a 34. c 35. a 36. a 37. a 38. b 39. b 40. a
41. b 42. a 43. a 44. c 45. a 46. b 47. c 48. c 49. d 50. b
51. a 52. d 53. c 54. a 55. b 56. a 57. b 58. b 59. a 60. c
61. a 62. a 63. a 64. c 65. a 66. b 67. a 68. b 69. b 70. b
71. c 72. a 73. b 74. a 75. b 76. a 77. b 78. b 79. a 80. a
81. c 82. a 83. c 84. a 85. a 86. a 87. c 88. a 89. b 90. b
91. d 92. b 93. c 94. a 95. b 96. a 97. b 98. a 99. a 100. b

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Answer of Sample Question Paper - CLAT 2012
Answers
1. d 2. d 3. c 4. b 5. c 6. a 7. b 8. d 9. b 10. b
11. d 12. c 13. a 14. c 15. d 16. d 17. b 18. c 19. a 20. a
21. d 22. d 23. c 24. d 25. c 26. a 27. d 28. c 29. d 30. b
31. d 32. b 33. c 34. a 35. d 36. d 37. a 38. b 39. c 40. b
41. b 42. c 43. a 44. d 45. b 46. c 47. b 48. a 49. c 50. b
51. d 52. b 53. a 54. b 55. c 56. a 57. c 58. b 59. d 60. c
61. a 62. c 63. c 64. a 65. b 66. d 67. b 68. c 69. b 70. c
71. a 72. c 73. c 74. c 75. d 76. a 77. c 78. a 79. b 80. a
81. c 82. a 83. b 84. a 85. a 86. c 87. d 88. b 89. b 90. c
91. a 92. d 93. c 94. c 95. b 96. a 97. d 98. c 99. b 100. b
101. c 102. a 103. a 104. a 105. b 106. d 107. d 108. a 109. b 110. c
111. a 112. a 113. c 114. b 115. a 116. b 117. c 118. b 119. a 120. c
121. d 122. c 123. b 124. d 125. b 126. b 127. c 128. b 129. a 130. a
131. c 132. b 133. a 134. b 135. a 136. b 137. c 138. d 139. c 140. c
141. c 142. d 143. c 144. a 145. c 146. d 147. a 148. c 149. b 150. a
151. c 152. b 153. b 154. c 155. d 156. a 157. a 158. a 159. b 160. a
161. c 162. a 163. b 164. c 165. a 166. b 167. b 168. a 169. a 170. c
171. a 172. d 173. a 174. a 175. a 176. d 177. a 178. a 179. a 180. c
181. b 182. d 183. c 184. a 185. c 186. d 187. b 188. c 189. c 190. a
191. d 192. c 193. b 194. b 195. b 196. b 197. d 198. a 199. a 200. d
Answers
1. 4 2. 1 3. 4 4. 2 5. 2
6. 2 7. 1 8. 1 9. 1 10. 4
11. 3 12. 4 13. 1 14. 1 15. 4
16. 4 17. 4 18. 2 19. 1 20. 1
21. 3 22. 3 23. 3 24. 2 25. 4
26. 1 27. 3 28. 2 29. 1 30. 1
31. 2 32. 4 33. 2 34. 1 35. 3
36. 1 37. 1 38. 4 39. 2 40. 4
Answer of GK Paper of the month