CHURCH ARCHITECTURE

Instructor: Architect Eva Maria Villanueva

CHURCH ARCHITECTURE
simple, patterned after early Christian types; either
rectangular or cruciform with simple naves and aisles
thick walls reinforced with heavy uttresses for
earth!uakes protection
immense si"es ecause of colonial policy which
dictated that a church should e uilt for every #$$$
apti"ed
materials used include: volcanic tu% &adoe',
hardened lava, volcanic e(ecta, sandstone, river
oulders, clay, corals, limestone, oyster shells, eggs
SIGNIFICANT EXAMPLES
PAOAY CHURCH, Ilocos Norte
uilt in )*+, y Antonio Estavillo,
completed )-$./)-)$
fa0ade: rectangular, with arched doorway,
four continuous pilasters alternating with
niches
1nials and crenellations at pediment niche at
the ape2
huge volutes with low relief lines tracing the
contour to disguise the large uttresses
IGAN CHURCH, Ilocos S!r
1nished in )3$$
located within the grid iron planned
streets of a colonial town
aro!ue elements include protruding
columns and solid frames; three
arched doorways leading to three
naves at the 1rst level, guarded y
ionic pillars with c"inese #! $o%s
urn/like 1nial at pediment
SANTA MARIA CHURCH, Ilocos S!r
constructed late )3th century, &'
ste(s leading to the church was uilt
y Augustinian )eni%no Fernan$e*
massive rick church perched on a hill
fa0ade has circ!lar +!ttresses, three
openings and a lind niche, semi/
circular pediment
TUMAUINI CHURCH, Isa+ela
egun )-34/)-33 y 5ominican ,o-in%o
Forto and town mayor Pa+lo Sason; )3$4/
)3$3 6 circular elltower was completed
(a-(an%o artisans carved the hardwood
molds for the clay insets that decorate the
church
!ltra.+aro/!e : uni!ue for its e2tensive use
of aked clay oth for wall 1nishes and
ornamentation
orna-ental $etails : serpentine reliefs,
spiral curves, 7owers, foliage, sunfaces,
cherus and saints
circular elltower with white limestone 1nish,
decorated with right red clay rosettes and
festoons

ANGAT CHURCH, )!lacan

egun )-#*/)--4 y Augustinian Gre%orio
Giner; completed in )3$. y 8ray 0oa/!in
Calvo
+aro/!e st1le : coupled Corinthian and
5oric columns divide fa0ade into levels or
segments, statues ringed with wreath/like
ornaments 7ank niches, windows with as/
relief 9curtains:
plain three/storey elltower with
alustered top
)ARASOAIN CHURCH, )!lacan
)3-)/)3-3 : stone church was
constructed to replace wooden
structure; )33$ 6 earth!uake ruined
the church
)33# : Augustinian 0!an Giron
commissioned a uilder named
Ma%(a1o to reuild the church
variation on the circle -oti#
7utings on pilasters with ends lunted
into semicircles detract from the
;eoClassical
elltower has a cuic ase, three layes
accented y lind and open windows,
top has crenellations and si2/sided
cone
SAN SE)ASTIAN CHURCH, Manila
a church uilt for all times after previous
churches were damaged y earth!uakes in
)3*4 and )33$
designed in the Got"ic st1le &without 7ying
uttresses' y Genaro Palacios in <evivalist
architecture
made entirely of steel; plans were sent to
=elgium where the parts were made in
sections then transported to Manila
interiors were painted to resemle fau2
marle; adorned with sculpture y E!se+io
Garcia and painting y Loren*o Roc"a
SAN AUGUSTIN CHURCH, Manila
ol$est c"!rc" in t"e P"ili((ines;
uilt )#3-/)*$- y 0!an Macias
according to the plans approved y the
<oyal Audencia de Me2ico and y a
<oyal Cedula
)3#, : 5on L!ciano Oliver &Municipal
Architect of Manila' directed the
renovation of the fa0ade y adding to
the height of the towers; these towers
were damaged in the )3*4 earth!uake
and were never reuilt
pla"a adorned with 8u dogs represents
colonial uran planning
>igh <enaissance : superpositioned
?uscan orders at 1rst level, Corinthian
capitals at second level; circular
windows at plain pediment; heavily
carved, two/paneled main door with
images of @tA Augustine and @tA Monica
amidst Bhilippine 7ora
nave is 7anked y ). collateral
chapels each housing a =aro!ue or
;eoClassic retalo
=aro!ue elements include trompe lCoeil
: sculpture y Italian artists Cesare
,i+ella and Giovanni Al+eroni on
the ceiling and pilasters
cloisters uilt around an atrium with a
garden planted y Augustinian
otaninst Man!el )lanco
TAAL
CHURCH,
)atan%as
)3#3 : 8ray Marcos Anton, with the help of
the architect 5on L!ciano Oliver, started
construction; the church was completed in
)3-3
uilt on top of a hill and may e reached
through 7agstone steps, unostructed y
other uildings
fa0ade : arched windows alternate with Ionic
columns at 1rst level, Corinthian at upper
level; pro(ected cornices and mouldings; three
pediments
interior is cavernous ur dra with
stout piers and semi/circular apse :
mathematical e2actness rather than
ornamentation

,ARAGA CHURCH, Al+a1

estalished y people who 7ed the
eruption of MtA Mayon form Ca%sa2a
the 8ranciscan wanted a church with
the est features of <omanes!ue and
Dothic, ut it was e2ecuted y the
carvers in =aro!ue
fa0ade : a whole talet without
columns and cornices, only
symmetrically positioned
fenestrations, apertures and niches; whorls,
twisted columns, foliage, medallions, statues
and reliefs
MIAGAO CHURCH, Iloilo
present church was uilt )-3*/)-+- under the
supervision of fray Francisco Gon*ales
Ma3i-o; a storey was added to the left elfry
in )34$
also served as fortress against Muslim pirates,
simple and massive structure mi2ed with
ornate details
local otanical motifs at fa0ade reliefs
reminiscent of cookie cutouts &de ga(eta',
used to descrie )*th century Me2ican
architectural reliefs
SANTO NINO ,E CE)U )ASILICA, Ce+!
uilt y 8ray 0!an $e Al+arran aout
,$$ years ago, on the site where a
soldier found an image of the @toA ;ino
in a settlement that the @panish
soldiers have urned down
the Convent was founded in )#*#,
making it the 1rst to e uilt in the
country
constructed with stones from Banay
and Capi"
fa0ade : lending of Moorish,
<omanes!ue and ;eoClassical
elements; trefoils on the doorways;
two levels divided into three segments
and topped y pediment; retalo at
the center
elltower has four/sided alustraded
dome
interior : pierced screen with 7oral
motifs, pineapple decors at the
choirloft, corn cos at the capital