Transformers

Transformer Ratings
VA rating
Cooling
1000 kVA 55C ONAN
Frequency
Voltage
Phase
Separate Windings
N
1
N
2
I
1
I
2
V
1 V
2
V
1
V
2
N
2
I
1
I
2
N
1
=
=
Autotransformer
N
1
N
2
I
1
I
2
V
1
V
2
V
1
V
2
N
2
I
1
I
2
N
1
=
=
Connections
V
c1
INPUT
V
a1
V
b1
V
c2 a2 b2
V
a3
V
b3
V
c3
Off Load Tap Changers
On Load Tap-Changers
LV
Cont
Voltage
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
HV
Voltage
Varying
Line
Neutral
End
Reactors
Vacuum
Switch
Bypass
Switch
Selector
Switch
(3) (4)
A
B
1
2
A
B
1
2
(1)
A
B
1
2
(2)
A
B
1
2
(6)
A
B
1
2
(5)
A
B
1
2
(8)
A
B
1
2
(7)
A
B
1
2
(10)
A
B
1
2
(9)
A
B
1
2
Tap-Changer
Sequence of
Operation
Transformer Losses
No-Load
Hysteresis
Eddy Currents
A tiny winding loss due to exciting current
Winding Losses
Vary with the square of the load
Copper Losses
Core Losses
Laminated Core
Transformer Hot Spot
R
Thermocouple
Transformer Oil
winding "hot Spot"
oil bath
Core Heating
Instrument Transformers
Step down values to safe levels for measurement
Potential Transformers
Also called voltage transformers
Standard output 120V
Current Transformers
Standard output of 1 or 5 amps
Metering and relaying standards
Can produce high voltages if open circuited
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