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\njn²§Ä 1 \njn²§Ä 2

ssCD[ T~[rk~lc[ Yec[flir


 ‫رحمه‬uksm d\[ ega dlgknjdrk; pulegrkalu
L#l|kijsRy rla\jH
L#l|kijsRy fjgkrla\jH, cG%c[ f kfjuk;
ck|{S\,
Lirldk'k. cIhl\k; chlak; r~jujhk; dk
mk;~\jhk; |jplu\[ h>j&igjhk; cpl iG<j)k ssCD[ ak|+p[ cIlhj|[ LH akrw[ wjp[
alyldsM, gvj& "ak|Gyal\kR Tc[ f|lr ~j|'lc[ " t'
Yzr[ F\jsRy ijiG\raln[ fl(xksm ssddxjH.
ssCD[ ak|+p[ cIlhj|[ LH-akrw[ wjp[ SYdl TO ijiG\r d{fjsu egjSClPj&f[ ~|kalrU
}Jdgj& “ak|Gyal\kR Tc[f |lr ~j|l dFJyk; en[@ jfrlu S}l.ak|+p[ LC[ yE[ aOhij éapJr
ajr'lc[ ’ t' d{fj BlR egjSClPj&k. aohUak= uorjSiq[ c jËjêuln[ . L#l|k LS`|\jr[ f)
fk; KedlgYepikalu ekc[f dalnjf[. Yzr[ Fdl YefjEh; rHdkalyldsM. TO d{fj ilur)lG)[
gR r'l)kduk; rØ edgkduk; svu[ fjgj)k'k. ak'jH caG/j)kSÙlX KnG\lrk=f[ ï sfËk
L#l|k LS`|\jr[ f) YefjEh; rHdsM, dkË*X ark<U c|walnS#l, Li r# rj$
Kedlgak= w[ B lrik; Kf[d{<[m dG+ik; iGÓj/j S\lsm vo!j dlnj)H Lyjik; ijSidikak=
)sM, L#l|kildk'k QOplgUilrk; K\ark;. QlSgl akc[ hjajSRyuk; ~lPUfuln[ . i#fkak
Yzr[ F dlgsRy flH/gUlrkcgn; TO d{fjuksm s!(jH fl(xksm dma rjG%|j)kaS#l. Sahlu
egjSClPr 11-09-1414-H eoG\Jdgj&jgj)k'k. y^[ Tsflgk cHdG+aluj cIJdgj)sM, TO
c;g;>S\lm[ c|dgj& cdhG)k; YeSfUdj&[ TO
Yzr[ F\jsRy sdMk; aMk; r'l)ju cS|lpgR
rO<lpjéfjgkirÔekg;êr[ L#l|k  f) YefjE
L~[ p kH LcJc[ ~[ r k ~lc[ .
h; Yeplr; sv$sM, :aJR.
t'[ ijiG\dR
L~[ p kH w^lG L~[pk#
Tc[ h lajd[ dX&yH scRyG - p+l;
\njn²§Ä 3 \njn²§Ä 4

ij<u covj • arÈ/oG%; Talajsr akR dm)H 50


• pkGzr[P*X Seyj e=jujsh\H. 54
• :akD; 08 • iU>jvlg; 56
• CjG)[ éL#l|kijH e(k SvG)Hê 20 • cIiGÏgfj 59
• D~G eow 21 • >G\lijSrlm[ >lgU djm/yujH ijc+f;
dlnj)H. 61
• L#l|k L#l\igksm SegjH ~hjplr;. 25
• >G\lijSrlm[ Ldlgnaluj ijil|
• L#l|k Lrkipj&f[ rj<jp[Pal)H Salvr; :iCUs/mH 63
rj<jp[Pal)juf[ Lrkipj)H 26
• xj|lG 64
• algn;, YeC[r; iu[)H, SwUlHcU; 28
• :G\idlh\[ >lgUukaluj ssh;zjd
• glCjdX)k;, BlËkSihdX)k; c;>iijdl ~r[P\jShGs/mH. 67
c*xjhk; wrwJijf\jhk; cIlPJraks!'
ijCIlc; 32 • c[YfJdsx ahpIlg\jhosm caJej)H. 69
• ShldalrUfuk; demrlmUik; 35 • >lgUalG)jmujH LrJfjdlnj)H 71
• Cdkr; Srl)H 37 • LrUc[YfJukaluj QqjÉjgj)H 72
• L#l|k L#l\isgsdl![ cfU; sv$H. 40 • LrUc[YfJukaluj |c[fplr; sv$H. 74
• demØlgkSmuk;, pkGrm/kdlgkSmuk; dosm • c[YfJdX ckzr[P; eoCj eky\jy*hk;
Tgj)H 43 LrUG)jmujH Khl\hk; 76
• rac[)lg\jH Lm)ik; Qfk)ik; • c[YfJdX frj&k= ulYf 78
Qqjil)H 45
• rac[)lg\jH Si!l\g*xk; LPjdgj& • LrUc[YfJdxjSh)[ arÈ/oG%; Srl)H 79
vhr*xk;. 49
\njn²§Ä 5 \njn²§Ä 6

• pjulF édoMjs)lmk/[ê 81 • d=kdkmj 117


• ejfli#l\iG)[ ejf{fI; c[Flej)hk; • cIGÑ\jSRyuk; si=jukSmuk;
82 elYf*X KeSulzj)H. 122
ejfli[ ekYfsr f=j/yuhk;.
84 • d=clÊU;. 123
• ehjC
89 • c;zJflcIlpr;. 126
• d&im&g)jsRy rUorf ay&ksi)H.
91 • egpo<n; 128
• rwC[ d&im;
92 • ]<nj 131
• wkakL ~l(jr[ SC<ak= d&im;
• LrUgksm iJMjSh)[ Lrkilpaj#lsf
• voflM; 94 t\jSrl)H. 133
• Sal<n; 96 • ao'lasr alËjrjG\j g|cU; eyuH 135
• ssd)ohj. 99 • ic[Yf; ihj&jq)H. 136
• >oaj dS$yH 101 • :NiGÏ; cIGÑ; Pgj)H 138
• CkelGC)[ zjE[Ë[ cIJdgj)H. 103 • c[YfJdX rJx; dkyÉfk; Srgjufk;
Tmk*jufkalu ic[Yf; Pgj)H. 140
• Sipr; eoGÑaluj rHdlfjgj)H 105 142
• d{Yfjaakmj akmjSulm[ SvG)H
• cÔlr\jH vjhSglm[ PrijrjSulz\jH
SiGfjgji[ dlnj)H. 108 • cY[fJ-ekgk<ØlG cp{CUgldH 143

• LrliCU ulvr. 111 • akmj dyk/j)H 145

• sdlmk\k iJMlR KS`Caj#lsf dm; il*H. 113 • vjYfgvruk; goeak!l)hk; 147

• |ylakfj'H 115 • djrli[ ds!' d=ilp; 150


• D~yjSØH Tgj)H, vijMH, C[aClr\jH 152
\njn²§Ä 7 \njn²§Ä 8

ahaoYf ijcGw[wr; rm\H

• aoYf ijcGw[wr\jHrj'[ simk/ldlfjgj)H 154


• LrUgksm c;clg; dMkSdX)H. 156
• vJ\ LuHe)~r[P; 157 :akD;
• KeYpidgalu icIju\[. 159 c[ SflYf*sx#l; L#l|kij'ldk'k. Lisr
c[ fkfj)k'k. LiSrlm[ c|lu\jrk; eleSalv
• edjmdxj (Nard) 161 r\jrk; Sfmk'k. cIÔ; fjØdxjHrj'k; pk<[ sv-
• Cej)H 162 u[ fjdxjHrj'k; LiSrlm[ gÊSfmk'k. LiR iqj
dlMjuisg ejq/j)lrlgkaj#. LiR iqjSdmjhl)j
• ijhle\lH LhakydoMH 163 uisg SrGiqj rm\lrk; :gkaj#. Lir#lsf
• akD\mj)hk; Lmulx; si)hk;. 165 :glPUSrujs#'k; Lir[ e(kdlgjs#'k; ak|+p[
 L#l|kijsRy plcrk; pofrkalsn'k; BlR
• ao'kpjic\jH domkfHejn*jujgj)H 166 clÊU; i|j)k'k.
• caler; 170
L#l|k dksy rjG~r[ P dlgU*X rjuaal)j
ujgj)k'k, Li elql)lif#. LiR dksy rju
aegjPjdX rjC[v uj&jgj)k'k, Li ayjdm)lif
#. LiR vjh dlgU*X)[ eijYff dH/j&jgj)k
'k, Li Lfjh;Zj)lifka#. YeilvdR eyÉk:

  
     
      ))
 0 1 ,  !"  #  $%&'(  ) 
 *+) ,-.
 
    69' : ;<=> 7$? ((2 345 *#$-6 *7 "
\njn²§Ä 9 \njn²§Ä 10

éL#l|k ijCkp[P dIkG:rjH Lrkipj&sfSÔl :G L#l|kijsruk; LisRy pofsruk; Pj)


Lf[ LrkiprJu;. rj<jp[ P al)jusfsÔl Lf[ gj)kduk; LisRy rjuaegjPjdX h;Zj)kduk;
rj<jp[ P ;. ]sfl'jH aOr; pJÊj&kSil Lf[ ijMk sv$k'kSil Lisr L#l|k rgdlz[r jujH YeSi
iJq[ & legaldk'k. LfjrlH L#l|kijsRy ijMk Cj/j)k;. LirfjH rjfUilcjulujgj)k;. Leal
iJq[ v dX cIJdgj)kiJR. fJG&uluk; L#l|k ay rdgalu CjÊulnirk=f[ .  [ij.dIk. 4î14]
)k'ir#. fkmG'[ Lijmk'[ elglun; svu[ fkî
r~j  eyÉkî
 
    
 fl(xksm gÊjfli[ ay)k'irlujMj#.
1  *+  $%!'   *7 $- >*  @ : &+ *A *+) *7$- * 
5 ) )
[ij.dIk. 19î64] ( (*7 *!B *.
rj<jp[ P alu dlgU*X L#l|kijsRy rjuaegjPj
dxln[. (BlR rj*Sxlm[ ijSglPj&f[ akqkirk; rj*X d
s$lqj)kd. dH/j&flisM rj*X dqjijsRy eg
L#l|kijsRy         ! " #    aliPj YeiG\j)kd.)22
LfjGigÙkdxlik'k Lisuls). rj*X Lisu TO ivr\jhm*ju Clcr, rj<jp[ P *X fJG
caJej)gkf[. [ij.dIk. 2î187] \k; iGw[ w j)H ilwj~lsn'[ sfxjuj)k'k.
L#l|kijsRy LfjGigÙkdsx Lfjh;Zj SpS|v[ Vuksm LÊgeowdgk; pkG~h |Upu
)kduk;, eijYff dH/j&isu vJÔjsuyjukduk; gk; LH/w[ B gkalu Qgk ij>lz; t'kfs' eyusM,
sv$k'isg L#l|k Cd[ f aluj fl)Jf[ sv$k'k.î LiG rj<jp[ P dlgU*sx dkyj&[ SdMlH Lfjr[
$"% $  % &"' (!"# )"*+'  ,   -.&*' / Srsg akD; SdlMj, ij+j<[m ; Yedmj/j&ksdl![ ey
uk;î af; cgxik; afdJu dlgU*X ijClhik;
01-2
 03 45   2 L#l|k ]sy selyk)k'irk; dgknlrjPjukaluj
gjs) rj*X)[ t#l; |yl;. |ylal)lsf rj
*X Q'k; ijMj#S#l. rj*X wJijf; ijgcik;

1
|ldj; 2î375 ssCD[ LH~lrj TO |pJc[ |crl
2
sn'[ eyÉjgj)k'k. akc[ h j; î djfl~kH EplTH , |pJc[ î 130
\njn²§Ä 11 \njn²§Ä 12

alrc; dkmkÍkal)k'k. |ylak; |ylal)hk; alYf r# ic[ fk)X LiG)[ éfjgkSarjê LrkiprJu
alSnl rj*xksm e)hk=f[ ? al)kduk; vJ\ic[ f k)X LiG)[ rj<jp[ P al)k
TiSglm[ rak)k; vjhf[ c;ipj)lrk![ : K' duk; sv$k'k. [ij.dIk.7î157]
frk; a|lrkalu L#l|k LirkS`Cj)k'f[ ijPj LS/lX ijCj<[ m aluf[ LrkiprJuik; rjd{<[ m al
)k'k. LisRy ijPj)[ S>pzfj igk\k'irj#. uf[ rj<jp[ P ikaluj\Jgk'k.
Lirldk'k ukd[ f jalrk; coÊ[aw[ B lrjuk;. L Lrkipj)hk; rj<jp[Pal)hk; L#l|kij'[
irkS`Cj)k'f[ Lrkipj)kduk; LirkS`Cj)k alYf; LidlCs/Mfldk'k. TO ijPjrjGÑuli
'f[ ijh)kduk; sv$k'k. L#l|kij'k= r+k dlC; i#irk; cIu; ilpj)kdSul i#iG)k; id
sm eoGÑijSPufI\jsRy rjua*xjHs/Mfln[ si&[ sdlmk)kdSul sv$k' eÊ; LiR dmk\
LiR ijPj&f[ f{e[f js/mhk; eoGÑijSPufI; rjS<Pjuk; afegjfUlzjukaldk'k.
dlnj)hk;.
L#l|k eyuk'kî
LisRy ijPjijh)kdX KH>ofaldk'f[ L
isRy LyjijHrj'k; ukd[ fjujHrj'k; rJfjujH َّ ‫ين َم ا لَ ْم َي أ ْ َذ ن بِ ِه‬
ُ- َ ‫أ َ ْم لَ ھُ ْم شُ َر َك اء‬
ِ ‫ش َر عُوا لَ ھُم م َِّن ال ِّد‬
rj'kaln[ Li dxjSul falCSul L#. L#l|k Lf# L#l|k Lrkipj&jMj#l\ dlgU; afaluj
eyuk'kî LiG)[ rjC[ v uj&ksdlmk\ i# e(lxjuk; LiG
‫ك صِ  ْد قً ا َو َع  ْد ال ً ال َّ ُم َب  ِّد ِل ل ِ َك ل ِ َم اتِ  ِه َو ُھ َو‬ ُ  ‫ت َك ل ِ َم‬
َ  ‫ت َر ِّب‬ ْ  ‫َو َت َّم‬ )kS!l ? [ij.dIk. 42î21]
ُ‫ال َّس ِم ي ُع الْ َع ل ِي م‬ |hlH-|yl; ij<u\jH c;clgjS)!f[ dIk
rjsRy gÊjflijsRy ivr; cfU\jhk; G:rjhk; ck'\jhk; Lizl|ak=iG alYfaluj
rJfjujhk; egjeoGÑalujgj)k'k. LisRy gj)n;. ijigaj#lsf |hlH-|yl; rjGÑuj)k'
ivr*X)[ alË; igk\lrlgkaj#. LiR t#l; iGs)fjgjH Cd[ falu fl)Jf[ i'jgj)k'k.
SdX)k'irk; Lyjuk'irkasYf.  [ij.dIk. L#l|k eyuk'kî
6î115] َ ‫َو ال َ َت قُولُواْ ل ِ َم  ا َت صِ  فُ أ َلْ ِس  َن تُ ُك مُ الْ َك  ِذ‬
ٌ‫ب َھ  ـ َذ ا َح الَل‬
LrkiprJuik; rj<jp[ P ikal)k'fjrk= iUi
‫ب‬ ّ ‫َو َھ ـ َذ ا َح َر ا مٌ ل ِّ َت ْف َت ُر واْ َع لَى‬
َ ‫ ِ الْ َك ِذ‬-
c[ F LiR iJCpJdgj&jgj)k'k.
َ ‫ت َو يُ َح ِّر مُ َع ل َ ْي ِھ مُ الْ َخ َب آئ‬
‫ِث‬ َّ ُ‫ح ُّل لَ ھُ م‬
ِ ‫الط يِّ َب ا‬ ِ ُ‫َو ي‬
\njn²§Ä 13 \njn²§Ä 14

rj*xksm rlikdX ijSC<j/j)k'fjsRy


Lmj c[F lr\jH Tf[ LrkiprJualn[, Tf[
(( +F?  KL* M   NH  0H ))
rj<jp[ P aln[ t'j*sr rj*X d=; éfJG&uluk; L#l|k Qgk ic[ fk rj<jp[ P al)julH
eyugkf[ . rj*X L#l|kijsRy SegjH d=; Lf[ ijËkdjMk' enik; rj<jp[ P al)jujgj)k'k.ê
sdMjva)kdusYf éLfjsRy Eh;ê [ij.dIk. vjh iUd[ f alu sfxjikdxjH YeSfUd Tr;
16î116] rj<jp[ P *X i'jgj)k'k. >ÊU ic[ f k)xjH |yl
alu Tr*sx L#l|k KnG\k'k. î
Dn[ }jfaluj rj<jp[ P sa'[ YeDUlej&f[ dIkG
:rjhk; ck'\jhk; eyus/Mf[ alYf;. flsq igk' ‫ير َو َم ا أ ُ ِھ َّل‬ ِ ‫ت َع لَ ْي ُك مُ الْ َم ْي َت ُة َو الْ َّد مُ َو لَحْ مُ الْ خِ ْن ِز‬ ْ ‫ُح ِّر َم‬
ildU; Lfjsrlgkpl|gnaldk'k. ‫ ِ بِ ِه َو ا لْ ُم ْن َخ نِ قَ ُة َو الْ َم ْو قُو َذ ة ُ َو الْ ُم َت َر ِّد َي ُة َو ال َّن طِ ي َح ُة‬- ّ ‫ل ِ َغ ي ِْر‬
َ ‫قُ ْل َت َع الَوْ اْ أ َ ْت لُ َم ا َح َّر َم َر ُّب ُك ْم َع ل َ ْي ُك ْم أ َال َّ تُ ْش ِر ُك واْ بِ ِه‬
‫ش ْي ًئ ا‬ ‫ب َو أ َن‬ ِ ‫ص‬ ُ ‫َو َم ا أ َ َك َل ال َّس بُ ُع إ ِال َّ َم ا َذ َّك ْي تُ ْم َو َم ا ُذ بِ َح َع لَ ى ال ُّن‬
 .... ‫َو بِ الْ َو ا لِ َد ْي ِن إ ِحْ َس ا ًن ا َو ال َ َت ْق تُ ل ُو اْ أ َ ْو ال َ َد ُك م مِّنْ إ ْم ال َ ٍق‬ .... ‫س َت ْق سِ مُو اْ بِ األ َ ْز ال َ ِم‬
ْ ‫َت‬
ér~jSuê eyukdî rj*X igo, rj*xksm gÊj Ci;, gd[f;, e'jal;c;, L#l|k L#l\igksm
fli[ rj*xksm SaH rj<jp[ P al)juf[ rj*X)[ SegjH Lyk)s/Mf,[ CIlc; akMj v\f[, Lmj&[
BlR eyÉk SdX/j)l;. LiSrlm[ ]sfl'jSr sdl'f[, iJn[ v\f[, dkS\Ë[ v\f,[ irUa{z;
uk; rj*X e(kSvG)gkf[, alflejfl)X)[ rØ dmj&kfj'f[ t'ji rj*X)[ rj<jp[P al)s/Mj
sv$n;. plgjYp; dlgnaluj cIÔ; a)sx sdl'[ gj)k'k. t'lH éwJiSrlsmê rj*X Lyk\f[ T
dxugkf[ . .... [ij.dIk. 6î151] fjHrj'[ Qqjildk'k. Yefj<[ A dX)[ ak'jH ~hj
ck'\jhk; TfkSelsh rjgiPj rj<jp[P *sx uG/j)s/Mfk;érj*X)[ rj<jp[ P aldk'k.ê LÙk
dkyj&k= eglaGCak![. Kpl|gnaluj: dX KeSulzj&[ >lzU; Srl)hk; érj*X)[ rj<j
p[ P al)s/Mjgj)k'k...ê [ij.dIk. 5î3]
(( +*I=J'   6D*+ E '" * F'"  *FE'" G*    0 H)) ssiil|jd~r[ P ; rj<jp[ P al)s/Migksm eMjd
éfJG&uluk; L#l|k d=[ , Ci;, e'j, ijYz|*X ujH L#l|k eyuk'k. î
t'ji ijH)k'f[ |ylal)jujgj)k'k.ê 
‫ت َع لَ  ْي ُك ْم أ ُ َّم َھ  اتُ ُك ْم َو َب َن  اتُ ُك ْم َو أ َ َخ  َو اتُ ُك ْم َو َع َّماتُ ُك ْم‬ْ  ‫ُح ِّر َم‬
ِ ‫ت األ ُ ْخ‬
‫ت َو أ ُ َّم َھ اتُ ُك مُ ال ال َّتِي‬ ُ ‫خ َو َب َن ا‬ ِ
َ ‫ت األ‬ ُ ‫َو َخ ا ال َتُ ُك ْم َو َب َن ا‬

L~opliop[î 3486 TO |pJc[ cI|J|lsn'fjH .... ‫س آ ئِ ُك ْم‬ ُ ‫ض ا َع ِة َو أ ُ َّم َھ ا‬
َ ِ‫ت ن‬ َ ‫ض ْع َن ُك ْم َو أ َ َخ َو اتُ ُك م م َِّن ال َّر‬ َ ْ‫أ َر‬
]dl>jYelualn[, T~[r k ~lc.[
\njn²§Ä 15 \njn²§Ä 16

rj*xksm alfl)X, ekYfjalG, cS|lpgjalG, ejf{ t'lH |hlhkdX ijCj<[ m alujgjs) sal\
cS|lpgjalG, alf{cS|lpgjalG, cS|lpgekYfjalG, \jH L#l|k LrkiprJual)j.
cS|lpgJekYfjalG, rj*sx akhdkmj/j& SelË+alG, L#l|k eyÉk. î
akhdkmj akSDruk= rj*xksm cS|lpgjalG, rj*
xksm >lgUalfl)X t'jiG éLisg ijil|; sv
َ
...ً ‫ط يِّب ا‬ ِ ْ‫َي ا أ َ ُّي َھ ا ال َّن اسُ ُك ل ُواْ ِم مَّا فِي األ َر‬
ً ‫ض َح الَال‬
$Hê rj*X)[ rj<jp[ P al)s/Mjgj)k'k.... wr*sx, >oajujhk=fjHrj'[ LrkiprJuik; ij
[ij.dIk.4î23] Cj<[ m ikaluf[ rj*X >Êj&ksdl=kd.
cÙlpU\jH |ylaluf[ L#l|k iJ!k; KnG [ij.dIk. 2î168]
\k'k. î L#l|kijsRy Lelgalu LrkYz|\lH Lmjc[ Fl
... ‫ر َب ا‬
ِّ ‫ال‬ ّ ‫ َو أ َ َح َّل‬...
‫ ُ الْ َب ْي َع َو َح َّر َم‬- regaluj ic[ f k)sx#l; LiR LrkiprJual)j.
LiujH |ylalui)[ sfxji[ t\k'f[ isg. sf
t'lH d&im; L#l|k Lrkipj)kduk; xjsi\j)qjÉf[ Lijsmrj'[ LS*lM[ ds$lqj)
ehjC rj<jp[ P al)kdukaln[ svu[fjMk=f[ .  s/mk;. t#l; pjiUdmlÊ;, c{<[ m jdSxlmk= LxiË
[ij.dIk. 2î275] ijClhf, LfjrlH Lir[ dJsqlfk*kd, Lisr
c[ fkfj)kd, rÕj dlnj)kd.
ijCj<[ m aluf[ LrkiprJu;, Li Lc;DUal
n[ . ssiijPUikaln[ . LfjrlH dgknlrjPjulu vjhG |ylakdX tÑjeyuk'fk; ijigj)k'
L#l|k Lisu#l; rak)[ sal\\jH Lrki fkayjÉlH afijPjdX)[ Srsg Lc|Uf dlnj
pj&k. t'lH rj<jp[P *X znUaln[, rl; Lyj )lyk![ . ijCIlcpOG~hUik; ijig)kyika#lsf
ulrk; Ld'[ rjH)lrk; LidX LiR idfjgj asËlgkdlgnik; Lfjrj# fs'. Ls#(jhk; T\
&[ ijigj&kf'k. L#l|k eyÉk. g)lG)[ pJR txk/ik; CgJL\[ LrUorikalsn
'[ f{e[ f j LmukilR |hlhkdxksm Tr*X t
ُ ْ‫ص َل لَ ُك م َّم ا َح َّر َم َع لَ ْي ُك ْم إ ِال َّ َم ا اض‬
ِ‫ط ِر رْ تُ ْم إ ِلَ ْي ه‬ َّ َ‫ َو قَ ْد ف‬... Ñjsdlmk)lrlSnl T)oMG KS`Cj)k'f[ ? ijCj
... <[ m ic[ f k)xksm Tr ijigeMjd rJMj eyukilrl
......rj*xksm SaH rj<jp[ P al)juf[ LiR rj* Snl LiG KS`Cj)k'f[ ?
X)[ ijCpal)j\'jMk!S#l. rj*X éfj'kilRê T\g; Lc|j<[ n kfuksm ild[ f l)X)[
rjG~r[ P jfgluj\Jgk'sflqjsd...... [ij.dIk. 6î119] Si!j |hlhkdxksm eMjd f$lyl)lR YCaj&lHï
\njn²§Ä 17 \njn²§Ä 18

:m,[ alm,[ QMd;, akuH, alR, dlMlm,[ Sdlqj, ijil|;, YduijYdu*X, wlaUd&im;, ssd
Yeli,[ flyli[, Lgu';, QMd/Êj fkm*ju alËd&im;, elMd&im;, SwlhjSihdX, :Cl
eÊjdxksm al;c*X. gj/nj, sdl#/nj, LËdkË/nj, :m[ S a)H.
aÎU;, siMkdjxj t'J Ci*X. fkm*j t#l; |hlhkdX. |hlhkdxksm rJ!rjg
e&)yjdX, Th)yjdX, EhiGÏ*X, PlrU fjMs/mk\H LclPU;.
anjdX. esÊ ehgk; dlgU; Yz|j)lsf c;clgj)k'k.
si=;, elH, SfR, tÑ, ckG). pJR txk/alsn' ilp; cfUaln[ ajFUu#.
K/[, dyjaclhdX, dyjdoMkclalr*X. esÊ rjgGf[ F d>li\jhln[ T)oMG Lf[ ssd
dlgU; sv$k'f[. af; txk/alsn' uFlGf[F
ag;, TgkÙ[, anH, d#[ , e[ x lc[ Ëjd[ , z[ x lc[ ,
S~lP; CgJL\jsRy iJÊn Sdlnjhosm Srl)j
y^G.
alYfaln[, YefUkf wr|jf\jsrlS\l L>jYelu
a{z*xjH, SalSMlGil|r*xjH, fJi!jdxjH, zfj)rkcgjS&l L#. Yec[ fkf ilpYedlg; eli
d/hkdxjH, ijalr*xjH, ulYf sv$H. rfI; dH/j&isu dxÉkdkxj)hk; afegalu
tuG d!J<R, YEj}[ wkdX, il<j;z[ sa<J Txikdxjhk; Qqjdjqjikdxjhk; :rkdohU; ds!\
rkdX, ssY}uGsa<JrkdX, E[ x iG aj#kdX, hk; f+jH LwzwlÔgak![ . ulYfujH rac[ dlg;
woc[ sa<JrkdX. w;K;-dIc[ y kal)H, SrlÙ[ KSeÊj)H, ulYf)l
ssipUClc[Yf;, tÖjrjuyj;z[, znjf Clc[ gr[ ao'[ pjrglYf*xk;, L#l\iG)[ Qgk glik;
Yf;, zSi<n;, :Szlx Clc[ Yf;, rjG+ln edhk; elpgÊdxlu DkE[ E, dlhky t'ji fm
g;z;. t'J SaDhujH d!kigk' uYÔcla iH, fu+k;sv$H, aquk=S/lqk; Sglzak=S/lqk;
YzjdX. rac[ ) lg; w;L[ :uj rjG%|j)H, ijil|lSrI
si=ik;, seYmlxjuik; Drr;sv$H. <dR LrUc[ YfJsu Srl)H, CeFh;Zr\jrk=
YeluC[ v j\\jH sfgsÉmk/[ cIlfYÔU;, Lrjil
Ckp[P Jdgn YeYdjudX, L&mj, dÙUoMykdX. gUZM\jH Ci; fj'H fkm*j afegalu Txik
egk\j, vn;, dÙjxj, Sgla;, SflH, ru[S hl dxk; :rkdohU*xk; vjh Kpl|gn*X alYf;.
N, SelxJc[Ë G t'jisdl!k= ic[ Y f*X rj<jp[P dlgU*X ds$lqj)lR dH/j&fjr[
Pgj)H. ej'jsh ukd[f jdxjH vjhf[ Tijsm doMjilujS)
!fk![ . rj<jp[ P *X akSDr L#l|k Lmjulyk
\njn²§Ä 19 \njn²§Ä 20

dsx egJÊj)kduln[. cIGÏlG|gk; rgdlG|gk; iG\alrShld\[ akc[ h j; cao| aPU\jH


Tijsm iUfjgd[ f al)s/mk'k. rgd; SpS|v[VulH d!kigk'iulnsf#l;. Li tÑjs/yk)hjhosm
ihu; sv$s/Mk. rgdilcjdX LiujH ak*j BlR Qgk KeSpCdR alYf;. trj)k; akc[h j;
)kxj&k. cIGÏ; Yeulc*Xsdl![ selfjus/Mk, cS|lpg*X)k; cHelr[ Flik; fOEJDk; L#l|k
cIGÏilcjdX Li)[ ak'jH Êaj&k. TO egJÊ Yeplr; sv$sM. Lirldk'k c;gÊdR. dgknl
n; T#lujgk'ksi(jH elej eknUilrjHrj' [ SiG dmlÊjuk;. 4
fjgj)s/mkalujgk'j#. ijCIlcjdX ijPjijh)kd
xjsh Yeulc*xjH ij+j<[ m gldk'j#. LiG Lf[
Srl)jdlnk'f[ YefjEShv[ VSulmk; pjiUdH/r
CjgÍli|j&kaln[. EhSal ClcrlShld; LiG
)[ rj<[ Y eulcik;. demijCIlcjdxlisM, LiG CjG)[
ijPjijh)kdsx d<[ m -r<[m -ij+j<[ m p{<[ m julhln[
dlnk'f[. LfjrlHfs' ClcrlShld; LiG)[ éL#l|kijH e(kSvG)Hê
Yeulc*xksmSaH Yeulcik;, LPjdAjrik;.
rj<jp[P dlgU*X ds$lqj&[ dJq[ seM[ wJij rj<jp[P dlgU*xjH akDUaldk'k CjG)[ . L~o
)k'ir[ cG%alPkgUik; rknul;. pjiUYeJfj Sfmj ~dGijHrj'[ K`gj)k' Qgk |pJcjH LS`|;
i#irk; i#fk; ds$lqj&lH zknSaØSuyjuf[ eyuk'kî L#l|kijsRy ycoH eyÉjgj)k'k. î
L#l|k Lir[ edg; rHdk;. TOalrjsRy alPk
gUSal LisRy |{pu\jhk;. 6 V % +'%$( : $"( ( K?? ) O  P&-'" &' Q *7$ RS&5 $ T ))
alrUilur)lG)[ akÙjhk= TO sdl&kd{
fjujH ijCkp[ P dIkG:rjsRyuk; ck'\jSRyuk; ( ( ......  W*M3X  ( @   .Y
Lmjc[ Flr\jH QgkeË; rj<jp[ P dlgU*sx ds!
\l;. 3
4
TO sdl&k d{fjuksm Ly~jaoh; Qgk eË; en[@ jf
3
rj<jp[ P dlgU*X, iRele*X t'J ij<u*sx SYC<[m ØlG egjSClPj&fk; ssCD[ L~[p kH LcJc[
ekgc[)gj&[ QMriPj d{fjdxk![. T~[ r k rk|lck T~[ r k~lc[ egjSClPr)[ SC<; LrjilgUsa'[ Sfl
`ja<[D juksm fR~J|kH zlEjhJR t' d{fj LiujH 'k'jm\[ Lrk~r[P )kyj/kdX rHdkduk; svu[fjgj
rjhilg; ekhG\k'fldk'k. )k'k.
\njn²§Ä 21 \njn²§Ä 22

éiRele*xjH iRele; ]sf'[ BlR eyÉ[ fg 'k;, CElL\jrk; d<[ m r<[m *xjHrj'k= Salv
MSul? ycoH ao'[ YeliCU; TfliG\j&k. LiG r\jrk; YelGf[F j)lsa'kak= ijCIlcaln[ D~G
eyÉkî Lsf Yeilvdsg, LS`|; eyÉkî L#l|k eow)[ ej'jH.
ijH e([ S vG)H.....ê 5 L#l|k dIkG:rjH eyuk'fldsMî
]sflgk sfËkdkËik; pjiUdlgknU\jr[ ak'jH ... ُ ‫ك أ َال َّ َت ْع بُ ُد و اْ إ ِال َّ إ ِيَّا ه‬ َ َ‫َو ق‬
َ ‫ض ى َر ُّب‬
selyk)s/SM)l;ï CjGs)lqj&[ . CjG)[ svu[ flH Þfs'u#lsf rj*X LglPj)gksf'[ rjsRy
YeSfUd eC[ v lfle; LrjilgUaln[. L#l|k ey gÊjfli[ ijPj&jgj)k'k.. ..ß [ij.dIk. 17î23]
uk'kî
‫ط َّر إ ِ َذ ا َد َع ا ه ُ َو َي ْك ِش فُ ال ُّس و َء َو َي جْ َع ل ُ ُك ْم‬
َ ‫ض‬ْ ‫ب الْ ُم‬ ُ ‫أ َمَّن يُ جِ ي‬
... َ ِ ‫ون َذ ل‬
‫ك‬ َ ‫ َ ال َ َي ْغ فِ ُر أ َن يُ ْش َر‬-
َ ‫ك بِ ِه َو َي ْغ فِ ُر َم ا ُد‬ ّ َّ‫إ ِن‬
ِ ْ‫ُخ لَ فَ اء ْاأل َر‬
َّ ‫ض أ َإ ِلَ ٌه َّم َع‬
... ِ -
fS'lm[ e([ SvG)s/mk'f[ L#l|k Qgj)hk;
LFil d<[ m s/MiR ijxj&[ YelGf[F j&lH Lir[
selyk)kduj#. Lsflqj&k=sf#l; LiR KS`Cj
K\g; rHdkduk; ij<a; rJ)jsdlmk)kduk;, rj
)k'iG)[ selyk\ksdlmk)k'fln[. ..... *sx >oajujH YefjrjPjdxl)kduk; sv$k'iSrl
[ij.dIk. 4î48] éLf# Ligksm sspi*Sxl?ê L#l|kSilsml/;
CjG)jH fs' Tc[ h lajd aj#\jHrj'[ eky; Sisy i# sspiikakS!l. ?  [ij.dIk.27î62]
f=ks/mkduk; Lfkaluln[ agj)k'sf(jH ClCI vjhG ak|+p[ r~jSu, Lhjihjuk#l|[ , ul
f rgdlidlCjul)j\JG)k'iukak![ . LiujH |ksscR ~piJssCSD, ak|[ u kp[ P JRssCSD, Cl
akc[h j; rlmkdxjH YevkgYevlg; Srmjui flsq ey pkhJf*Sx, gjElTOssCSD, sstpyoSc, cu[ r ~[
uk'k. ~JijSu,..... fkm*ju ihj$kdxkSmuk; S|lwalgkSm
uk; Seg[ ijxj&k= SfM; tÔ[ d<[ m r<[m ak!l
D~G eow ulhk;, Tgks'qkS'ËlHSelhk; cYÙplual)j alËj
ujgj)k'k.
agj&[ aNayÉ LÙjul)xk; QOhjul)xk; L#l|k dIkG:rjH eyuk'fldsM.,
YeC[ r *X egj|gj)ksa'k;, d<[ m fdxjHrj'[ dg
duËksa'k; LiSglm[ c|lul>UGf[F r :dlsa ... ‫ ِ ِع َب ا ٌد أ َ ْم َث ال ُ ُك ْم‬-
ّ ‫ون‬ َ ‫إ ِنَّ الَّ ِذ‬
َ ‫ين َت ْد ع‬
ِ ‫ُون ِم ن ُد‬
5
~kDlgj, akc[hj;.
\njn²§Ä 23 \njn²§Ä 24

fJG&uluk; L#l|kijr[ ekysa rj*X ijxj&[ éQglX L#l|kijsr domlsf asËlglsx ijxj&[
YelGf[ Fj&ksdl!jgj)k'isg#l; rj*sxS/lshuk YelGf[ Fj&ln[ agj)k'sf(jH LiR rgd\jH
= plcRalG alYfaln[ .[ .  [ij.dIk. 7î194] YeSiCj)k;.ê 6
aËkvjhglisM D~Gaohdsx sflM[ ak\juk;, D~yjm\jH fhakn[@r; rm\k'iG, D~G
an\k;, D~G>oajujH akDakgk+juk;, Yenaj&k;, cjuly\jsRy agUlpdX t' fhs)Mjhk= ekc[f
zp[ zpgluj, >d[f jclYÕgluj, SglzCar;, cÔlrh d*xkaluj D~ykdxjSh)k; wly*xjSh)k; cjul
~[P j, :iCU; Yeulcg|jfal)H, fkm*j YeC[ r y\[ ulYf rm\k'iG, QOhjul)X Khd\jsRy
*X Svlpj)k'igluk; D~G eowdgjhk![ . T\ ssddlgUdGf{fI; rm\k'iglsn'k; Kedlgik;
g)lG QgkSix "ul c$jpJ dsÑ\lpog\[ rj'[ KeYpiik; ]H/j)lR Kfdk'iglsn'k;, ijCIcj
rj*sxSfmjsu\ju TO ele\jsr siyk; dS$l )k'iG fkm*j D~G :glPdG ehijP\jhln[ .
sm am)gkSf." t' ijxjulx; isg rm\lyk![ . L#l|k eyuk'k. î
L#l|k eyuk'kî
َ ‫ف لَ ُه إ ِال َّ ھ َُو َو إ ِن ي ُِر ْد‬
‫ك‬ َ ‫ض ٍّر فَ الَ َك ا ِش‬
ُ ِ‫ ُ ب‬- ّ ‫ك‬ َ ْ‫َو إ ِن َي ْم َس س‬
ْ َ‫بِ َخ ي ٍْر فَ ال َ َر آ َّد ل ِف‬
... ِ‫ض ل ِه‬
‫ب لَ ُه إ ِلَ ى‬
ُ ‫جي‬ َّ ‫ون‬
ِ ‫ ِ َم ن َّال َي ْس َت‬- ِ ‫ض ُّل ِم مَّن َي ْد عُو ِم ن ُد‬ َ َ ‫َو َم نْ أ‬ rjr)[ L#l|k i# Spl<ik; ]H/j)k'eÊ;
َ ُ ‫وم الْ قِ َي ا َم ِة َو ُھ ْم َع ن ُد َع ائ ِِھ ْم َغ افِ ل‬
‫ون‬ ِ ‫َي‬ Lisrlqjsd Lf[ rJ); sv$lR Qglxkaj#. L-
L#l|kijr[ ekySa KuGs\qkS'H/jsRy rlXi iR rjr)[ i#zknik; KS`Cj)k'eÊ; LisRy
Sguk; frj)[ K\g; rHdl\isg ijxj&[ YelG LrkYz|; fMj alËlR Qglxkaj#.... [ij.dIk. 10î107]
f[ Fj)k'iSr)lX iqjejq&iR :gk![ ? Ligl D~ylxjdX)[ Si!j ijx)kdxk; saqkdkfjgj
dsM, Tigksm YelGf[Frsu)kyj&[ S~lPaj#l\i dxk; SrG&ul)k'f[Selsh L#l|k L#l\igk
gldk'k. [ij.dIk. 46î5] sm SegjH SrG&ul)k'fk; CjG)[ fs'uln[ .
r~j  eyuk'f[ Srl)oî

(( Y+" [\ K]^ 5  0 \ *#   )*^6  < _ *# ))

6
~kDlgj éEf[|kH ~lgj 8î176 Srl)kdê
\njn²§Ä 25 \njn²§Ä 26

L#l|k L#l\igksm SegjH L#l|k Lrkipj&f[


~hjplr;. rj<jp[P al)H rj<jp[P al)juf[
sdlmju CjG)jsRy goealnjf[ . L#l|kij Lrkipj)H
sRy YeJfj)k Si!juk;, LisRy Segjhk; Lyk)k
ixsg iUledik; a|lCjG)kaln[ SaH K`gj
d t' :Cu; SpUlfj/j)kaly[ L#l|k eyÉk. î
&f[ . L#l|k LrkiprJual)juf[ rj<jp[Paluj
ْ‫ك َو ا ْن َح ر‬ َ َ‫ف‬
َ ‫ص لِّ ل ِ َر ِّب‬ dlnkd, rj<jp[ P al)juf[ LrkiprJualuj dlnk
:dulH rJ rjsRy gÊjflijr[ S i!j rac[ ) gj d, L#l|kijr#lsf aËlGs)(jhk; |hlhl)lrk;
|ylal)lrk; LidlCaks!'[ ijCIcj)kd,
)kduk; ~hjuG/j)kduk; sv$kd. [ij.dIk. 108î2] sspiJd rjua; alËjayj)lsa'f[ LrkiprJualuj
YeilvdR  eyÉk.î ( * ` " a N *#  # !" ) d!ksdl!k; Lf[ Lrkipj&ksdl!k; cIÔ; fJgk
alrYedlgik; ScI<[ m Yedlgik; wl|jhJ rjuaiU
éL#l|k L#l\iG)[ S i!j Lyk\isr L#l|k ic[ FdxjSh)k; SdlmfjdxjSh)k; ijPj SfmjS/l
Cej)sM.,ê 7 dkd fkm*juisu#l; TO CjG)jsRy egjPjujH
Tijsm g![ rj<jp[P *X c;zaj)k'k. Q'[ semk;. TO ihju dkE[y jsr)kyj&[ L#l|k ey
L#l|k L#l\igksm rla\jH Lyk)H, g![ uk'k. î
L#l|k L#l\igksm YeJfj)[ Si!j Lyk)H g
!k; QSg rlnu\jsRy g![ iC*X alYf;. Qgk ... ِ- ِ ‫ا َّت َخ ُذ واْ أ َحْ َب ا َر ُھ ْم َو ُر ْھ َب ا َن ھُ ْم أ َرْ َب ابًا مِّن ُد‬
ّ ‫ون‬
Selsh fj'lR elmj#l\fk;. wl|jhj$ldlh; wØ; Ligksm en[ @ jfØlSguk; ekSgl|jfØlSguk;
rHdkduk; iG\alrdlh\[ clGiYfJdalikduk; L#l|kijr[ ekysa LiG gÊjfl)xluj cIJdgj
svu[ f a{z~hjuln[ wj'k~lPudËlrk; ekfju &k. [ij.dIk. 9î31]
iJmkdxkSmSul djnykdxkSmSul egjcg*xjHsi&[
rm\k' ~hj. YeilvdR TO cod[f; Qlfk'f[ Lpj$k~[
rk |lfj; SdMS/lX LS`|; Svlpj&kî Yeilv
dsg, LiG Lisg :glPj)k'j#S#l? YeilvdR
 eyÉk î
7
akc[hj; î1978
\njn²§Ä 27 \njn²§Ä 28

 @ d5 b% c *4      *7


" 0b% c 6 *# -d"  'A )) eyukd L#l|k rj*X)[ Ty)j\' :|lg
s\/Ëj rj*X vjÔj&jMkS!l? t'jM[ LfjH évj
( ( *7
" *7
>\& ) e'%  @ 5  Sc     *7
* %) 0 Sc 6 hf[ ê rj*X rj<jp[ P ik; éSisy vjhf[ ê LrkiprJ
uikal)jujgj)k'k. eyukd, L#l|kilSnl rj*
éLsf, eSÊ L#l|k rj<jp[ P al)juisu LiG
X)fjr[ Lrkilp; f'f[ ? Lf#, rj*X L#l
LiG)[ éwr*X)[ ê Lrkipj&ksdlmk)k'k. L
S/lX LiG éwr*Xê Lfjsr LrkiprJualuj |kijsRy SegjH sdMjva)kdulSnl?
dlnk'k. L#l|k Lrkipj&fldsM LiG éwr [ij.dIk. 10î59]
*X)[ ê rj<jp[ P al)js)lmk)k'k. LS/lX LiG
Lf[ rj<jp[ P al)k'k. Lfln[ LiG)[ LiG algn;, YeC[r; si)H, SwlHcU;
svu[ f :glPr.ê 8
~|ksspiijCIlcjdsx T\g; cI>li\jsRy ]q[ iRele*xjH tÑj/yÉfk; Kedlgs/
ild[fl)xluj iGÑj&ksdl![ L#l|k eyuk'k. î ml\ KeYpi; alYf; c+lrj)k' frj dkE[ y kaln[
cj|[ y [ LFil algn;. :>jvlgU\jH Lyji[ Sfmk
‫ين‬
َ ‫ون ِد‬ ّ ‫ُون َم ا َح َّر َم‬
َ ُ‫ ُ َو َر سُول ُ ُه َو ال َ َي ِد ي ن‬- َ ‫ َو ال َ يُ َح ِّر م‬... 'f[ c;~r[ P j&[ L#l|k eyÉk. î
... ‫الْ َح ِّق‬
L#l|kik; LisRy pofrk; rj<jp[ P al)juf[
... ‫ض ُّر ُھ ْم َو ال َ َي نفَ ُع ھُ ْم‬ َ ‫ َو َي َت َع ل َّم‬...
ُ ‫ُون َم ا َي‬
LiG rj<jp[P aluj znj)lfjgj)kduk; cfUaf LiG)kfs' KeYpi; K!l)k'fk; Qgk
YeSulwrik; sv$l\fkalu dlgUaln[ LiG
s\ afaluj cIJdgj)lfjgj)kduk; sv$k'iG.
eAj&ksdl!jgj)k'f[. [ij.dIk. 2î102]
[ij.dIk. 9î29]
iJ!k; L#l|k eyuk'kî L#l|k eyuk'k.î

‫لَ ُك م مِّن ِّر ْز ٍق فَ َج َع لْ تُ م ِّم ْن ُه َح َر ا ًم ا‬ ّ ‫قُ ْل أ َ َر أ َ ْي تُ م َّم ا أ َن َز َل‬


ُ- ‫ث أ َ َت ى‬
ُ ‫ َو َال يُ ْف ل ِ ُح ال َّس احِ ُر َح ْي‬...
ّ ‫أ َ ْم َع لَى‬
َ ‫ ِ َت ْف َت ُر‬-
‫ون‬ ‫ ُ أ َ ِذ َن لَ ُك ْم‬Q‫آ‬
ّ ‫َو َح ال َالً قُ ْل‬ wlh ijpU)lgR tijsm sv'lhk;
ijwujulikduj#. [ij.dIk. 20î69]
َ ‫َك فَ ُر و اْ يُ َع ل ِّم‬
‫ُون‬ َ ِ‫ش ْي اط‬
‫ين‬ َّ ‫ َو َم ا َك فَ َر ُس ل َ ْي َم ا ُن َو ل َـ كِنَّ ال‬...
ُ
ِ ‫نز َل َع لَ ى الْ َم لَ َك ي‬
8
~u[ | Dj 10î116, fkGakpjî3095, LH~lrj TO |pJc[ َ ‫بِ َب ابِ َل َھ ا ُر‬
‫وت‬ ‫ْن‬ ِ ‫اس ال ِّس حْ َر َو َم ا أ‬ َ ‫ال َّن‬
|crlsn'[ eyÉjgj)k'k. ézlu\kHayl; Seî 19ê
\njn²§Ä 29 \njn²§Ä 30

‫ان ِم نْ أ َ َح ٍد َح َّت ى َي قُو ال َ إ ِ َّن َم ا َن حْ نُ فِ ْت َن ٌة‬


ِ ‫وت َو َم ا يُ َع ل ِّ َم‬
َ ‫َو َم ا ُر‬ Lp{CUayjuksa'[ eyuk'Sflsm sspirjS<Pjdxl
uj alyj. dlgn; Lp{CU; Lyjuk'iR L#l|k
... ْ‫فَ الَ َت ْك فُر‬ alYf;. T\g; ÊkYpØlG, dx; ig&k; dimjsuyj
….cksshalR r~j sspirjS<P; dlnj&jMj#. Ék; ssdSgDiluj&k; ejÉln\jhk; dÑlmjujhk;
t'lH wr*X)[ alYÔjdijpU eAj/j&[ sdlmk\k vj#jhk; tqkfjuk; clPlgn)lgsRy cÙ\[
sdl![ ejClvk)xln[ sspirjS<P\jShGs/Mf[ . cIÔal)lR Lisg selMØlgl)k'k. dxi#lsf
~l~jShlnjH |lyos\'k; alyos\'k; Segk= cfU; LigjHrj'[ eky\kigH ixsg ijgx; alYf;.
g![ alhlDalG)[ h>j&fjsruk; éeËj ejClvk)X t'lhk; royjH sflÑoËjsulÙf[ dxik; Qgk c
eyÉk!l)js)l!jgk'f[ LiG ejÔkmG'kê t'l- fUik; LigjH rj'k!lulH ij}[ @ jdxlu wr;
H |lyo\k; alyo\k; ]sflglX)[ eAj/j)kSÙl iJnkdjMju : Qgk cfUs\ akRrjG\j >lij Lyj
qk; B*xkSmf[ Qgk egJÊn; alYfaldk'k . Lfj- ulrk;, d#Uln\jhk;, d&im\jhk; SrMSdlM*X
rlH éTfkeSulzj&[ ê sspirjS<P\jShGs/mgkf[. arÍjhl)lrk; r<[ m s/Mf[ iJ!kdjMlrk; L\g
t'[ LiG eyÉ[ sdlmk)lfjgk'j#...... [ij.dIk. )lsg caJej)k'k. T*sr caJej)k'iG LiG
2î102] eyuk'f[ cfUs/mk\k'Sflsm Tc[ hlajHrj'[
eky\luj.
algn)lgr[ Tc[ h lajd CjÊlSdlmfjuksm r~j eyuk'k. î
ijPj iPaldk'k. LisRy cÙlpUSal |ylak; |J-
rik;. Lw[ B gk;, :Ydan ilÖuk=igk;, L~h f *^g $ $g6 F ( ^ dh K d) * K+ <  V>  *# ))
ijCIlcjdxk; LrUGs)fjgjH Yefjdlg\jrk; Yefj
Shla rmemjdX)k; cj|[ y [ sv$lyk![ . cj|[y [ (( i^F c  V%)  Dd*5 $ F
~lPj&lH Lfjr[ agks'S'ln; L#l|kijSh)[
é:sg(jhk; Qgk SwlÎUSrSul >lij eyuk'iSr
L>u; Sfmk'fjrk; DkG:R elglun\jhosmuk;
Sul caJej)kduk; LiR eyuk'f[ cfUs/mk\k
aËk; SglzClÔj)[ vjdjHcj)k'fjrk; edg; eh
gk; algn)lgrjH L>u; Sfmj iR elejdxluj duk; sv$k' eÊ; LiR ak|+p[ r~j)[ L
alykduln[ sv$k'f[ . ifgj& éaf\jHê LijCIcj&jgj)k'k.ê 9

t'lH znjdRalgk; SwUlÎURalgk; Ls#-


(jH YeC[ r ; si)k'igk; >lij Eh; eyuk'igk; 9
L|[ap[ 2 î429 écI|J|kH wlajL[î5939ê
\njn²§Ä 31 \njn²§Ä 32

QglX SwlÎURalG)k; znjdRalG)ksal'k;


Lp{CUayjujs#'[ ijCIcj&k; LiG eyuk'f[ c d  &*6^ c'" a*& h" lI   $ .Y +" V%I
fUs/mk\lsfuk; Qgk YeiG\jegjvusa' rjh)l
nisg caJej)k'sf(jhk; rlH/f[ rlxjsh ra
V %) & '( oh*5 F% d p% * %" #  *,5 mnF . ? V%)
c[ ) lg; LirjHrj'[ L#l|kij(H cIJdlgUa#. 10  : $"( " O *7 $-s Y ( N 0 Y*^ > '<" : g qd+"
r~j eyuk'k. î
 # *R  t \& ) *#  a&*I )) : ( @ 7%*) $" .Y
(( %* " k ! *Y $lI " '&'g > *7 " ij * M *# ) "Q4 K  ) V> *#  ))
éQglX Qgk >lij eyuk'isr caJej)kduk; Li e "; F *Y  *uf 5 * B  ( *# Q @  
SrlsmsÔ(jhk; Svlpj)kduk; svu[ flH rlH/f[
glikdxjsh rac[ ) lg; LirjH rj'[ éL#l|kij ;  ; 3n+ ( *#  . v *-'"     # *R 
(Hê cIJdlgUa#.ê (( v *- '" # *R     e ";
t'jgk'lhk; Lir[ rac[ ) lg; rjG%|j)H rjG
~r[P aln[. dmk\ arc[ f leik;. éaq iG<j& Qgk glYfjuksm ejSË'[ |kpu[ ~ juujH
si&[ r~j B*X)[ Talaluj rac[ ) gj&k, fk
mG'[ wr*xjSh)[ fjgjÉ[ Lijmk'[ Svlpj&kî rj
glCjdX)k;, BlËkSihdX)k; *xksm y^[ eyÉf[ tÔlsn'[ rj*X)yjuk
c;>iijdlc*xjhk; wrwJijf Sal? LiG eyÉkî L#l|kik; Yeilvdgkalnfyj
uk'iG. Lijmk'[ eyÉkî L#l|k eyÉjgj)k'k
\jhk; cIlPJraks!' ijCIlc; tsRy LmjulykdxjH ts' ijCIcj)k'igk; L
scu[ p k ~[ r k Dlhjp[ LH wk|rjijHrj'[ ijCIcj)k'igk; K!lujgj)k'k. L#l|kijsRy
rjSipr; svu[ f Qgk |pJcjH LS`|; eyuk'kî QOplgU;sdl!k; LrkYz|lÌjcksdl!kaln[ aq h>j
&sf'[ eyÉiG t'jH ijCIcj&igk; rÊYf
*xjH LijCIcj&jgj)k'igkaln[. t'lH T'
BlËkSih rjaj\aln[ rak)[ aq h>j&sf'[ ey

10
akc[ h j; 4î1751
\njn²§Ä 33 \njn²§Ä 34

ÉiG t'jH LijCIcj&igk; BlËkSihdxjH ij ]hÍkdxjH QMkaj)fk; iUd[ f alu CjG)k;,


CIcj)k'igkaln[ . ê 11 sseClvjd wj'[ Sciuk;, zo@lGf[ F SgDdxk;,
TSf ijCIlc\jsRy >lzaln[ eYfalcjdd LiUd[f hjejdxk; rjyÉfldk'k. vjh ÊkYp sv
xjH rÊYf ilgEh; Srl)H. SwUlfj<\jhk; gl /mj ijpUG ijCkp[P dIkG:R ivr*sx CjG)R
Cjujhk; cIlPJraks!'[ ijCIcj)k'iR akC[gj igjdxlH doMj)kq&k; ahjr ic[ fk)X, :G\i
)ldk'k. arÈÌlÔj)[Si!j L\g; ilgEh*X gd[f; t'jisdls!qkfjukaln[ ]hÍkdX f$l
iluj)k'igldsM iUd[f alu sfËkdlgrk; dkË yl)k'f[.
)lgrkaldk'k. dlgn; ~|ksspi vjÔfMjuknG
\k' dlgU*X iluj)k'f[aoh; sseClvjd cIl
(( W*M *^ g KF F> w%!> *# ))
PJr\lH CjG)jSh)[ do/[ d k\lR dlgnaldk' é:g[ ]hÍ[ ~r[P j&kSil LiR CjG)[ svu[ -
]sfl'jhk; cluowU; ds!\H c;zfa#. fk.ê 12 t' fjgkivrYedlg; akdxjH ijigj& ÊkYp
TYedlg; CjG)[ Ênj&[ igk\k'fln[ c{- ic[ fk)X Lnjuhk; ~r[ P j)hk; |ylaldk'k.
<[ m li[ SrMak!l)ksa'[ rjC[ v uj)l\ ic[ f k) L#l|kijr[ ekysa T\g; ic[ fk)X)[ SrgjM[
xjH SrMak!ldksa' ijCIlc;. ssef{d ijCIlcl Kedlg; sv$lrk; KeYpiSaH/j)lrk; dqjiks!
vlg\jsRy >lzalSul, dn)Ølgksm rjGS`CYe '[ ijCIcj)k'iR sdlmju akC[gj)k;. Lf#, T
dlgSal ]hÍkdX, CjG)R alYÔjd-we ivÍk idsx#l; Kedlgik; KeYpiikSaH/j)k'fjsh
dX, do&kdX, C;DkdX, Shl| dÑjdX, vjh Sdih; dlgn*xlsn'[ ijCIcj)k' eÊ; L
Salfjg)#kdX fkm*juiujhk= ijCIlcik; Tfk iR svyju CjG)[ svu[ f irkaldk'k. dlgUdl
Selsh fs'uln[ . alYfa# T\g; ÊkYp ic[ f k gn~r[ P *xjH i'[Seldlyk= CjG)jsRy igk
)X dSÑy[ fMlfjgj)lR dqk\jhk;, dkMjdxjhk;, fjujhln[ Tf[ semkd.
r<[ m *xksm dilm*X sdlMjum)lrk;, egJÊn
*X ey\j)xulrk; CgJg>lz*xjhk; il|r*
xjhk; iJmkdxjhk; ehgk; sdMj ~r[ P j)k'k. TO
vjdjÎlgJfj L#l|kijH fi)khl)kdsu' ijCIl
cs\ elsm rjgldgj)k'k.

11 12
~kDlgj . éEf[|kH ~lgj Srl)kd, 2î333ê L|[ap[ 4î156, LH~lrj, cjHcjh cI|J|î 492.
\njn²§Ä 35 \njn²§Ä 36

ShldalrUfuk; demrlmUik; sg(jhk; Shldsg dlnj)lR Si!j YeiG\j&lH


L#l|kiir[ r# ShldalrUf Srmjs)lmk)k;.ê 13
rj<[) x(fuk; YeilvdvgUujH alf{duk
L#l|kijSruk; ShldSguk; QgkSelsh hÊU
!lihk; cH)G+*X cIJdgj)s/mlrk= rj~
ajMln[ QglX YeiG\j)k'sf(jH Lulxksm fH
r[ P ruln[ . alShldsg dlnj)lR dG+ rjgfrl
YeiG\r; c[ D hjfaln[ . dIkpkÍjulu Qgk |pJ
ik'iR i{FlSihujhln[. svyju CjG)[ svu[ f
cjH TYedlg; i'jgj)k'k.
akC[gj)kaldk'k.
L#l|k eyuk'k. î W *M  KF)  F) *# @ W* y" #) 3n  y" V+'z 5 ) )
ّ ‫ُون‬
‫ َ َو ھ َُو َخ ا ِد ُع ھُ ْم َو إ ِ َذ ا قَ ا مُواْ إ ِلَ ى‬- َ ‫إ ِنَّ الْ ُم َن افِ ق‬
َ ‫ِين يُ َخ ا ِد ع‬ ( (  * M   ' > t* z  !
ّ ‫ون‬
َّ ‫ َ إ ِال‬- َ ‫اس َو ال َ َي ْذ ُك ُر‬ َ ‫ون ال َّن‬َ ُ‫ص ال َةِ قَ ا مُواْ ُك َس الَ ى يُ َر آؤ‬ َّ ‫ال‬ éL#l|k eyuk'kî e(kdlsg LiCUaj#l\irln[
ً ‫قَ ل ِي ال‬ BlR. :sg(jhk; Qgk YeiG\r; sv$kduk; L-
fjH tsRy dosm e(kdlsg SvG)kdukalsn
fJG&uluk; demijCIlcjdX L#l|kijsr iÖj (jH LiSruk; LisRy e([ S vG\ YeiG\r
)lR Srl)kduln[. uFlGf[F\jH L#l|k Li S\uk; QgkSelsh BlR KSeÊj&jgj)k'k.ê 14
sguln[ iÖj)k'f[. LiG rac[) lg\jH rj- pjiUalGÏ\jhk= YeiG\rSixujH demrlmU;
'lH KplcJrglujsdl!k; :xkdsx dlnj)lR dm'kdomjulH Lfjsr arÍl siyk\k; svyk\k;
Si!jukaln[ rjH)k'f[ . dky&[ alYfSa LiG LfjSrlm[ a#jMk; Yefjdgj)k'isRy YeiG\r;
L#l|ksi QlG)kduk=k. [ij.dIk. 4î142] cEhik;, YefUkf dlemU\jH ClÔj ds!\kduk;
Yecjp[ P juk;, Yevlgik; YeiG\rhÊUal)j alrcjdaluj LfjSrlm[ vlu[ i [ Yedmj/j)kduk;
YeiG\j)k'iR CjG)ldk' LzlPzG\\jH do sv$k' eÊ; fHYeiG\r; ijEhikalujgj)ksa
/kdk\jufkfs'. L\g)lG)[ Cd[ falu fl- 'kaln[ Ye~halu en[ @ jfaf;.
)Jf[ T~[rk L^lc[é yêijH rj'k= Qgk |pJcjH
i'jgj)k'k. î
((   x=nY x=nY *# @   G F. G F. *# ))
é:sg(jhk; Shldsg SdX/j)lRSi!j YeiG\j 13
akc[hj; î 4î 2289
&lH L#l|k Lir [ dJG\juk!l)js)lmk)k;, : 14
akc[ h j; î 2985
\njn²§Ä 37 \njn²§Ä 38

)*xjH, SegkdxjH, ijdhl;zgjH, fkm*j Cdk


Cdkr; Srl)H r/jq pGCj)H. fØoh; cEG alc\jH ijil|;
Sis!'[ iu[ ) k'igk;, t#l alclÔ ~kPrlq[ v
pkÈÌdkrik;, pkGhÊn; Srl)hkaln[ Tijsm )k; r|[c [ dH/j)k'igk;, 13-l; L)\jr[ pkG
KS`CU;. L#l|k eyuk'k.î hÊn; dlnk'igk;, dmdX fky)lR Seldk'
‫فَ إ ِ َذ ا َج اء ْت ھُ مُ الْ َح َس َن ُة قَ ال ُواْ ل َ َن ا َھ ـ ِذ هِ َو إ ِن تُ صِ ْب ھُ ْم َس يِّ َئ ٌة‬ iqj QË)ÑRSelhk= ijdhl;zsgd!lH fjgjÉ[
... ‫ط َّي ُر واْ بِ مُو َس ى َو َم ن َّم َع ُه‬ َّ ‫َي‬ rm)k'igk; Tfjr[ Kpl|gnaln[. t#l; dkE[ y j
sRyuk; CjG)jSRyuk; iqjdX alYf;. T;ylrk~jr[
t'lH LiGs)lgk rØi'lH LiG eyukaluj |ksscRijH rj'[ K`gj)k' Qgk |pJcjH
gk'k î r+k)[ LG|fuk=f[ fs'ulnjf[ , Trj
r~j eyuk'kî
LiG)[ i#fjØuk; ~lPj&ksi(jShl Lf[ aocl
ukSmuk; dosmuk=igkSmuk; Cdkr/jquln[ t'l #S
$- > T #
-> T @ " S $B > T  B> *# +  { * " ))
niG eyÉjgk'f[..... [ij.dIk. 7î131]
Ly~jdX ulYfSul aSËl KS`Cj&lH Qgk e (( "  c . * c. * d : ( ]+| d "
Êjsu ejmj&[ ey\k;. ihS\lMln[ eÊjuksm ey éCdkr/jq Srl)k'irk; Cdkr; :G)[ Si!j
)sh(jH Lsflgk Ck>hÊnaluj dlnkduk; ul Srl)k'kSil Lirk; SwlÎU/nj sv$k'irk;
Yf fkmgkduk; sv$k;. TmS\lMln[ ey)k'sf SwlÎU; :G)[ Si!j sv$k'kSil Lirk; r+jH
(jH LehÊnaluj znj)kduk; K`j<[m hÊU seMir#. ér~j TYfuk; domj eysÉ'[ Sfl
\jHrj'[ ejÔjgjukduk; sv$k;. T\gsalgk d{fU 'k'k.ê algn; sv$k'irk; :G)kSi!j algn;
\jsRy ijPjsuS'ln; r~j eyÉkî sv$k'kSil Lirk;.ê 16
(( W* M $l B" )) Cdkr; Srl)H CjG)ln[ . 15 ark<UgjHi'[ >ij)k' T\g; svu[ f jdX)[
YeluC[ v j\saS'ln; r~jécê eyuk'k. î
]dsspiijCIlc\jsRy egjeoGÑfsu sdmk
\k'fk; rj<jp[P ikalu ijCIlcssidhU\jH se
mk'fkaln[ vjh alc*xjH, vjh pjic*xjH, L
16
akL[wakH d~JG 18î162, LH~lrj, cI|J|kH
15
L|[ap[ 1î379, LH~lrj, cI|J|kH wlajL[î 3955 wlajL[ î 5435
\njn²§Ä 39 \njn²§Ä 40

6 : $"( @ W*M *^g m A *# } l~ B " *> \Y *#  )) L#l|k L#l\isgsdl![ cfU;
sv$H.
: *7 < ^  $g6 '0  : ( O e "N $lYf  @   .Y
L#l|kijr[ LiR KS`Cj)k' c{<[ m j vglv
 d"H T @ W *  TH *  T @ W  * [ TH * [ T 7
p%" g*sxsdl![ cfU; sv$l;. c{<[ m jdX)[ L#l|k
ijsrsdl![ alYfSa cfU; sv$lio. L#l|kijr[
(( W  * z alYf; LrkSulwUalu a|fIs/mk\hjsRy Qgk >lz
aln[ CeF;. ic[ f kf Tflujgjs) ixsg iUled
éQglsx Qgk :iCU rjG%|n\jHrj'[ Cdkr/jq aluj iludxjH rj'[ KfjG'[ iJqk'fln[ L#l|k
fjgj&k dxÉlH LiR CjG)[ svu[firluj. L L#l\igksm SegjH CeF; sv$H. r~j eyÉ
iG eyÉkî ycoSh tÔlnfjrk= YeluC[v j\;? Qgk eË; |pJckdxjH TYedlg; dlnl;.
LS`|; eyÉkî "L#l|kSi, rØ rJ ijPj& rØ al
Yf;. trj)k= >lzSpu; rj'jHrj'k= >lzSpu; Kf " 0 *# @ *7 $- P  € $f %*c> '0  *7 $
*+6  0 H T))
alYf;. rJ L#lsf :glPr)G|rj# fs'." t'[
eyuhln[ . ê 17 ( ( *, F*h " *  * %*c  '%
pkGhÊn pGCr\jr[ alrk<jd Yed{fj)rk éLyjukd, rj*X rj*xksm ejfl)sxs)l![ cfU;
cgj&[ ]Ë)ky&jhk!lSu)l;. eSÊ Lf[ T#l sv$k'fjsr L#l|k rjSglPj&jgj)k'k. :sg(j
fl)k' vjdjÎlgJfj L#l|kijH fi)khl)H hk; cfU; sv$lrkS`Cj)k' eÊ; LiR L#l|k
alYf;. T~[ r k ac[K Op[  eyuk'kî B*xjH t#l si sdl![ cfU; sv$sM. Ls#(jH aOr; pJÊj
iG)k; alrcjdaluj T\g; vjhf[ ejmjdomksa )sM.ê é~kDlgjê
(jhk; B*X L#l|kijH fi)khl)k'fjrlH
L#l|k Lf[ T#lfl)kalujgk'k. 18 ( ( W *M *^ g  * ` % *# ))
é:sg(jhk; L#l|k L#l\isg sdl![ cfU;
svu[ flH LiR CjG)[ svu[ fk.ê
17
L|[ap[ 2 î 220, LH~lrj, cjHcjh cI|J| 1065 ( ( +  {* % 5 =J % *# ))
18
L~opliop[î 3910, LH~lrj, cjHcjh cI|J| 430
\njn²§Ä 41 \njn²§Ä 42

é:sg(jhk; Lalr\[ sdl![ cfU; svu[flH L 4. trj)[ L#l|kik; fl(xka#lsf :gkaj#.


iR r+jH seMir#.ê éLs#(jH :gk![? ê
LfjrlH fs' dL[~ , Lalr\[ , Qglxksm 5. trj)[ akdxjH Sahlu fÙkglrk; >oajujH
CyE[, c|lu;, ~G)\[ , wJiR, wl|[ , alflejfl rj*xk;.
)X, dkMjdX t'jisdls!#l; cfU; sv$H rj 6. L#l|kik; T'ulxk; T#lujgks'(jH.... 20
<jp[ P aldk'k. T\g; iJq[ v dX i'[ Seldk'iG
7. BlR Tc[ h lajHrj'[ akd[frldk'k.
)[ YeluC[ v j\; 6 7 8 9 :9 8 t'[ eyuhldk'k.
8. d<[ m dlhSa..., Tf[ dlhS)mln[ , Tf[ r|
r~j eyuk'k. î cjsRy caualn[, dlh; vfj&k. fkm*ju dl
hs\ eqj)k' epYeSulz*X. édlgn; dlh
'$gd '% xDd !'" _" f %d  g % d *#  )) s\ dkË; eyuk' T\g; YeSulz*X uFlG
((  TH  d"H T F\jH dlhs\ em& L#l|kijSh)ln[ am
*kd.ê
éQglX cfU; svu[ f k, fsRy cfU\jH hl\ulsn, 9. Yed{fjuksm SfM;.
KÍulsn t'[ :nujMlH LiR "hl Thl| 10. L~[ p kH acJ|[, L~[ p k'~j, L~[ p kGycoH,
T##l|[ " t'[ eyÉ[ s dl=sM. ê 19 L~[ p kH |ksscR fkm*ju L#l|ki#l\
akdxjH ijigj&iuksm zn\jHseMfk; akc[ igksm Lmjaulsn'yjuj)k' rla*X.
hj; iludxjHrj'[ KfjG'[ iJqlyk=fkalu vjh 11. Tc[h lajd[ Scl<Uhjc;, Tc[ h lajd[ s}Sal
CjG)jsRyuk; |ylajsRyuk; ildU*X)[ Kpl|g Ydcj, wr*xksm KS`C; L#l|kijsRy KS`
n*Xî Caln[, af; L#l|kijrk; SpC; t#liG)k;.
1. BlR L#l|kijhk; fl(xjhk; Cgn; Sfmk'k.
2. BlR L#l|kijhk; fl(xjhk; >gSaH/j)k'k.
20
3. Tf[ L#l|kijH rj'k; fl(xjH rj'kaln[. T\g; cÕG>\jH `ejs'' t'Gf[ F ; igk' `Fk+',
`K;' t'Gf[F; igk' `ilij'r[ edg; KeSulzj&lH
dkq/aj#. BlR L#l|kijsrs)l!k; ejs'
19 rj*sxs)l!k;, L#l|kik; ejs' rj*xk; t'j*sr
~kDlgj éEf[|kH~lgj 11î536ê YeSulzj)lik'fln[. éT~[r k ~lc[ê
\njn²§Ä 43 \njn²§Ä 44

Ly~Jufuksm SegjH, ije[ x i\jsRy rla elmkdX rjÍ;Cu; rj<jp[P ik; ijCIlc; ijdhal
\jH, fkm*ju :Pkrjd clS(fjd ep*X. )k'fkasYf. L#l|k eyuk'k.î
12. glwlPjglwR, akDUrUlulPjefj t'ji Selhk ‫ون فِي آ َي اتِ َن ا فَ أ َ ْع ِر ضْ َع ْن ھُ ْم َح َّت ى‬ َ ‫ض‬ ُ ‫ين َي ُخ و‬ َ ‫َو إ ِ َذ ا َر أ َ ْي‬
َ ‫ت ال َّ ِذ‬
= YeSulz*X ark<UG)[ rHdH.
َ ‫ش ْي‬
‫ط ا ُن فَ الَ َت ْق ُع ْد‬ َّ ‫ك ال‬
َ ‫ث َغ ي ِْر هِ َو إ ِ َّم ا يُن ِس َي َّن‬ٍ ‫َي ُخ وضُواْ فِي َح ِد ي‬
13. akrlEj)jSruk; dlEjyjSruk; c$jp[ t'[
‫ين‬
َ ‫الظ ال ِ ِم‬َّ ‫الذ ْك َر ى َم َع الْ قَ ْو م‬ ِّ ‫َب عْ َد‬
ijxj)H. ِ
14. BlR LYedlg; svu[f jgks'(jH, Lsfl'[ r+ksm p{<[m lÔ*sx Le|cj)k'fjH akqkdj
L*sr :ujgks'(jH, L#lujgks'(jH, uisg rJ d!lH LiG aËki# iG\alr*xjhk;
fkm*ju Sdle;, SDp;, d<[ m f, t'ji ijxj& YeSiCj)k'f[ isg rJ LigjHrj'[ fjgjÉ[ dx
yjuj)k' YeSulz*X. T\g; L(hl/[ sse ukd. Trj i#S/lqk; rjs' ejClv[ ay/j&[ dxuk'
Clvjdf)[ fkm); dkyj)hln[ . eÊ; QlG+ i'fjr[ SC<; LYdajdxlu :xkd
15. L#l|kSi rJ KS`Cjs&(jH trj)[ selyk\[ xksm dosm rJ Tgj)gkf[ .  [ij.dIk. 6î68]
fSgnSa, t' rj~r[P ruk= YelGf[ Fr. 21 T\g)lG tYf Lmk/ak=iglulhk; c|il
c\jH c|{puglulhk; ilvlhiCUfuk=iglul
pkGrm/kdlgkSmuk;, hk; LiSglm[ doM[ domlif#. Ligksm pkGrm/j
srfjsg aOr>lwrik; f{e[ f juk; elmk=f#.
demØlgkSmuk; dosmujgj)H ayj&[ Ligksm fjØsu tfjG)kduk; YeS~l
TOalR K=jH Ky)l\ QMriPjulxkdX sf Pr; rm\kduk;, rjgGf[F df fmk)kduk;Sin;.
+lmj\ik;, sryjSdmk; sflqjhl)j alËjuigkaluj Lfjr[ Ligksm dosm Tgj)l;.
domjujgj)kilR doMl)lyk![. . alYfa#, vjhS/lX L#l|k eyuk'kî
CgJL\jsr dk\j/yuk' pJrjSruk; pJrJid[fl
)Sxuk; egj|cj)k'igkalujS/lhk;. T\g; rjh ‫ض ى َع ِن الْ قَ ْو ِم‬ ّ َّ‫ض وْ اْ َع ْن ھُ ْم فَ إ ِن‬
َ ْ‫ َ ال َ َي ر‬- َ ْ‫فَ إ ِن َت ر‬...
َ ‫الْ فَ ا ِس ق‬
‫ِين‬
......Trj rj*X)[ Lisg/Ëj f{e[ f jululH fS'
21
TO ij<u c;~r[P aluj domkfH LyjulrlYz|j)k uk; L#l|k LPG+dlgjdxlu wr*sx/Ëj f{e[fj
'iG ssCD[ ~)G L~ocu[pjsRy `akL[wakH arl|j s/mkduj#. fJG&. [ij.dIk. 9î96]
L#E[pj$' SrlS)!fln[.
\njn²§Ä 45 \njn²§Ä 46

rac[ ) lg\jH Lm*j/lG)lfjgj)H, yk)o


Thk; ckwopjhk; akfkd[ Srsg Ky/j)lfjgj)H,
TL[ \ jplhjH Srsg rjiglfjgj)H, Tgk\\jH
SrSgsvlS% Tgj)lfjgj)H fkm*ju iJq[ v dsx
#l; aj) e=jdxjhk; :~lhi{p[ P ; wr*xjhk; d
![ igk'fln[. fkaL[r Jr\[ LFil rac[ ) lg
\jH Lm)ik; Qfk)ik; rac[ ) lg\jsRy ykdk
rldk'k.
ykdkrkSeÊj&lH rac[ ) lg; Cgjulikduj#.
rac[)lg\jH Lm)ik; t(jH dlgU; tYf zOgialn[ ? r~j eyÉkî
Qfk)ik; Qqjil)H
rac[ ) lg\jH rm\k' dMkvlMaln[ segk; „ $ "  :*
| 7 g 6 V  A" $l I …D*ƒ > T ))
d=\g;. ycohk=l|j  eyuk'kî (( \ ƒ 4 "
: $"( . >I *#  ‚ *46 t ; " K(. q +" $*.)) éykdoThk; ckwopjhk; akfkd[ Srsgul)k'f[ isg
rac[ ) lg; Cgjulikduj#.ê 23
s7 6 T: ( O > I *#  ‚*46 *    .Y6 LfjrlHfs' ulsflgk agUlpukaj#lsf ra
( ( d<\ ƒ . 
)$ Y c[ ) lg\jH selmk'sr dkÙjM[ rjigk' Yeinf
LPjSÊelG|ik; >J<nlG|ikaln[ .
érac[ ) lg\jhk= d=\galn[ ]Ëik; ihju dx L~o L~[ p k# LH LC[ L gj eyuk'kî
i[ . LiGécI|l~jdXê Svlpj&kî rac[ ) lg\jsh
*sruln[ dxi[ ? r~j eyÉkî yk)oKk; ckwo
pk; eoGÑaluj rjG%|j)lfjgj)H.ê 22

22 23
L|[ap[ 5î310, LH~lrj, cI|J|kH wlajL[î 997 L~opliop[1î533, LH~lrj, cI|J|kHwlajL[ î 7224
\njn²§Ä 47 \njn²§Ä 48

dlg)dX ijC/jH rj'[ Lir[ tYfalYf; PrUf


 {%A 7$? c*IQ 7p%. %)  Vp%I  $ .Y V%I edgk;.?! ê 24
G*6  !ƒ @ †%h 6 g  AY [^ @ *7
*+  if P cu[ p k~[ r k i|~[  ijHrj'k= Qgk |pJcjH LS`
|; eyuk'kî
: 7p%. %)  V%I s&+"  g . : \  ƒ .   $g*+6  " : ( \  ƒ 4" „$ " s7  6 T K AY $ f *6;  xY )
%   * z V%) _ ; < V%) _ *# O ;< 0*> )) (  K^Fc    B  " l 'B f '" * z V%) ,  ,  *" ,* % I
$‡  F5 H @ ^ " ˆ `'" $g*+6 F >I $g*+6 @ i^ F c  éykdoKk;, ckwopk; eoGÑalujsv$l\ Qglsx |k
sspEl d!k. LS/lX LS`|; eyÉkî fl(X ra
l*F" TH $$'Q6 T G Pƒ'"  : \ ƒ .  $g*+6 G*6 t ;" c[ ) gj&jMj#. fl(X agj&lH ak|+p[ su L#l|k
]f[ Yed{fjujhl)jSul : Ckp[ P Yed{fjujh# rj
(( !O } *+) 0 +*` > NF  @ # * > *F " *xksm agn;.ê 25
éL#l|kijsRy ycoH Lijms\ cI|l~jdxkal rac[ ) lg\jH fIkaL[ r Jr\[ KSeÊj&iR
uj rac[ ) gj&SC<; LigjH Qgk ij>lzS\lsml LfjsRy ijPj arÍjhl)julH :c'alu cau
/ajgk'k. LS/lX QglX YeSiCj)kduk; rj'[ ra s\ EGx[ rac[ ) lg; am)j rjG%|j)n;. akÙ[
c[ ) lg; fkm*kduk; svu[ f k. fkmG'[ ykdoL[ sv dqjÉ[ Seluf[ am)j rac[ ) gjS)!fj#. t#l
$kduk; ckwop[ j H eÊjdX sdl\js/yk)k; Ye \jrk; L#l|kijSh)[ SDpj&[ am*n;. am)j
dlg; selmk'sr dkÙjM[ rjigkduk; svu[ fk. L rac[ ) gj)n; t'fjr[ sfxji[ r~juksm il
S/lX YeilvdR eyÉkî Tf[ rj*X d!kSil? )ln[ .
i#irk; TO gJfjujhln[ agj)k'sf(jH ak|+p[ ( ( †h > *7 " e 5 1 †h *GA*Y  ))
sRy aj#\jh# LiR agnamÉf[ . rac[ ) lg
\jH dl) gd[f; sdl\js/yk)k'f[ Selshul érJ am*js&'[ iJ!k; rac[ ) gj)kd dlgn; rJ r
n[ LiR seyk)k'f[ . ykdoL[ sv$kduk; ckwo ac[ ) gj&jMj#.ê
pjH sdl\js/yk)k;Selsh sesM'[ dkÙjM[ rjigk
duk; sv$k'iR QS'l gS!l dlg) fj'[ ijC
24 T~[rk Dkssca 1î332, cjEf[cIhl\k'~j 131
/m)k' ijC'[ LiCrluisrS/lshuln[ . : 25 ~kDlgj. Ef[|kH~lgj 2î274
\njn²§Ä 49 \njn²§Ä 50

rac[)lg\jH Si!l\g*xk; éfl(X rac[ ) lg\jhlujgjs) >oaj fmij Cgjs/mk


\gkf[. Trj LrjilgUalsn(jH vghjH Qgk fin
LPjdgj& vhr*xk;. alYf; fmil;.ê 26
َ ‫ ِ قَ ا نِ ت‬Qّ ِ ْ‫و قُو مُوا‬...
‫ِين‬ َ Khal)X rac[ ) lg\jhk= LPjdgj& Lrl
iCU Lr)*X rac[) lgs\ fs' rj<[ Ehal
......L#l|kijsRy ak'jH >d[ fjSulmkdomj rj'k )ksa' L>jYelu; Yedmj/j)si, L#l|kijr[ ak
sdl!ldn; rj*X YelGf[FjS)!f[ .[ .  ÙjH :glPrujhlujgjs) ijgH ao)jH fjgk+juk;,
[ij.dIk. 2î238] ic[ Yf; Srsgul)juk;, il&jH Srl)juk;, fsRy
p{<[ m j r<[ m s/mksa'k; rac[ ) lg\jHrj'[ ejCl
‫ص َال ت ِِھ ْم‬
َ َ ‫الَّ ِذ‬
‫ين ُھ ْم فِي‬ َ ُ‫قَ ْد أ َ ْف لَ َح الْ م ُْؤ ِم ن‬
‫ون‬ v[ fs' fMjsumk)ksa'kak= >uShCUaSrU ih
َ ‫َخ ا ِش ع‬
‫ُون‬ S\lSMl TmS\lSMl alrS\S)l Srl)juk;, Si
f*xksm rac[ ) lg\jH >d[ f juk= !l\g*X sv$k'igksm dlgU; tYfalYf; zOg
ijCIlcjdX ijwu; Yelej&jgj)k'k. [ij.dIk. ialn[ !
23î1-2] arÈ/oG%; Talajsr akRdm)H.
ijCkp[ P ivr*xksm Ld)lÙ[ Lyjul\igk;
L#l|kijsRy :w[BdX LrkiG\j)l\igk; P{fj alrk<jd Yed{fjuln[ . L#l|k eyuk'k.
:efj)k' Ledmlic[ Fujshl'ln[ rac[ ) lg ً ‫ان اإل ِن َس انُ َع ُج و ال‬
َ ‫ َو َك‬...
\jH dlMj)oMk' Sih\g*X. ckwopjsRy c[F h
\[ aÑ[ C gjs/mk\lSal t'[ r~jSulm[ Svlpj& ......ark<UR ]sy fjmk); doMk'irlujgj)k'k.
S/lX Lijmk'[ eyÉkî [ij.dIk. 17î11]
Kl^  K ) ^ T ,*+ $ '01 @†%h > ,*5  *a4*F> T)) r~j eyÉkî ( ( 0B * y " #  $%ƒ!'" 3 #  S5 Q" ))
(( Vhc'" 6 *4> éclidlC; L#l|kijHrj'k; P{fj ejClvjH rj'k
aln[ .ê 27

26
L~opliop[ 1/581 LH~lrj, cI|J|kHwlajL[ î 7452
\njn²§Ä 51 \njn²§Ä 52

c;Zmjf rac[ ) lg\jH ykdoThk; ckwopjhk; SC<; Talajsr ejRfkmgkd. Tal; "L#l|k Ld[
TalajsRy QlSgl vhr*xjhk; alYfa# chl; iJMk ~G" t'[ eyÉ[ fJgk; akRe[ :gk; akÔj&[ YeiG
SÙlXS/lhk; docshl'k; domlsf ej'jHrj'[ ra \j)gkf[. eyÉ[ fJG'lH ejÔj/j)kduk; Si!.
c[ ) gj)k'iR fsRy elGCI*xjH rac[) gj)k c&gjfglu cI|l~jdX r~jsu akRdm'[
'igjhk; f'jH fS'uk; Talajsr akRdm)k' YeiG\j)lfjgj)lR LfJi fH/gglujgk'k.
Yeinf selfkSi d!kiglyk![ . zOrj)lsf Ye
iG\j)k' T\g; sfËjsrfjsg Cd[ f alu fl)J ~ylL[ T~jrk :cj~[  eyuk'kî
sfS'ln; r~j eyÉkî #  .'Y G Y N1  3  .Y '%[ 0b%h 6  5 *7
5H )
} Sc 6 '0  3X' *& ( .'Y G  *6 t ; " Vy*E6  ))  3 $ .Y G u 6 V :*
| +*c6 =K^ Y  *7" „$ "
( ( ŠYF  q'Y .'Y ( K^ƒ . :=n Y *# s E6 7$? @ ‹*Y=J' V% ) 
*& A
éTala[ fh KuG\k'fjr[ akÙ[ fh KuG\k'iR éLiG cI|l~jdX ycohk=l|juksm ej'jH ra
fsRy fhsu L#l|k dqkfuksm fhul)j alËk c[) gj)kSÙlX TL[ fjplhjHrj'[ ycoH fsRy
'f[ >us/mk'js# ? ê 28 srËj\m; aÑjH si)k'f[isg LiG ckwopjSh
rc[ ) lg\jSh)[ igk'fkSelhk; ClÔfSul )[ akfkd[ dkrj)lyk!lujgk'j#.
mk; calPlrS\lmk; domjulinsa' :w[B K!l éycoH ckwopjhlulHê Lisg#ligk; ckwop[ sv
ujgjs) rac[ ) lg\jSh)[ YeSiCj&lH ejs' Cl $k;.ê 29
Ôfuk; calPlrik; tYf alYfalujgj)n;. ?
ixsg ej'jhk=iG)[ TalajsRy vhr*X r~j)[ ilGPdU; Yelej)kduk; vhr*xjH
dlnl\fjH :Cu)kq/; K!lilyk![. dG+Cl alÕU; Lrk>is/mkduk; svu[fS/lX fsRy ej'j
hk=isg KnG\js)l!S`|; eyÉkî
c[ Yf en[} jfØlG Qgk rjuYÔnsaS'ln; eyuk'
f[ ]sflgk vhr\jhk; Tal; fd[~JG svl#j fJG' (( \ ƒ 4" „$ " 5$g &*4>  ,*5 ^  *^( S5H q+" 
s6 ))

27
~u[| Dj 10î104, LH~lrj, cjHcjh cI|J|î1795
28 29
akc[hj; 1î320-321 akc[hj; 474–l; |pJc[.
\njn²§Ä 53 \njn²§Ä 54

éwr*sx trj)[ ilGp[ P dU; eo!k. LfjrlH ykdo s\ yd[ L \jH Tgk\\jr[ SC<; tqkS'H)k
Thk; ckwopjhk; rj*X ts' akR)m)gkf[ . ê 30 SÙlX fd[ ~JG svl#lyk!lujgk'k.ê 31
Tal; rac[ ) lg\jH YeilvdvgU)rkcgj&[ f Tal; fsRy vhr\jr[ Lrkc{faluk; Lrk
d[ ~ JG svl#kduk; YeiG\j)kduk; svS$!fk![ . ~r[P aluk; ;:< 6 eyukduk; aL[aoa[ akdxjH iji
L~o |kssyu[ y ijHrj'[ yjS/lGM[ svu[ f Qgk gj&Yedlg; fsRy YeiG\r\jH rj<[ m elhj)k
|pJcjH i'jgj)k'k.î duk; sv$k'eÊ; rac[ ) lg\jhk!lSi! c;Z
mjf>li; cEhaluj.
k  S&- 6 lh" V"H ( NH  3 $ .Y 0 ))
7 $? @ t*
6 k  S& - 6 7 $? @ G *6 k  S& - 6 7$? @ $g6 pkGzr[P *X Seyj e=jujsh\H
S&- 6 7$? @ ^ ƒ*46 k  S& - 6 7$? @ .'Y G  * 6 k  S&- 6 L#l|k eyÉkî
ِ ْ‫َي ا َب نِي آ َد َم ُخ ُذ واْ ِز ي َن َت ُك ْم ِع ن َد ُك لِّ َم س‬
... ‫ج ٍد‬
V 
†%$ lh"  e "N $!'f6 7 $? @ .'Y G  * 6 k  :p; cÔfjdSx, t#l :glPrlhu\j(hk; ét
#l :glPrlSixdxjhk;ê rj*X)h(lgaluk= i
( ( q$% ƒ'" ^*! #* *+ ‡ " #  $g6 k   S&- 6 @ 
 u'g6 c[ Yf*X Pgj&ksdl=kd... [ijîdIkî7î31]
éycohk=l|j rac[)gj)lrkS`Cj&lH rjH)k wl~jGijHrj'[ KÓgj)k' |pJcjH LS`|;
SÙlX fd[ ~ JG svl#k; ejs' ykdoL[ sv$kSÙl eyuk'kî L#l|kijsRy ycoH eyÉkî
qk;, ykdoTHrj'[ fhKuG\kSÙlqk;, ckwopjSh)[
dkrjukSÙlqk; ckwopjHrj'[ fhukuG\kSÙlqk;, 'D*! '% :  ( * . +'"D *! '% Kh * K$?   *# ))
ycoH fd[ ~ JG LFil ;:< 6 svl#kalujgk'k. T ((  *   *^ !'g '" 5^ƒ *4 
Yedlg; rac[ ) lg; fJgk'f[ isg sv$k;. g!la
ési=k=jsul, vki'k=jsul >Êj)k'iR r+xjH
rj'k; éLs#(jH r~j eyÉk.ê r+ksm e=jdxjH

30
~u[ | Dj 2î93 éLH~lrj |pJc[ |crlsn'[ ey
31
Éjgj)k'k. `TGilKH zhJH' 2î290ê ~kDlgj.
\njn²§Ä 55 \njn²§Ä 56

rj'k; ijM[ alyjsdl=sM, LiR LisRy iJMjhj Lisr eky\l)lR dH/j)kalujgk'k. rj*xjhl
gk'ksdl=sM ê 32 sg(jhk; K=jSul sixk\k=jSul >Êj)k'ksi(jH
Tal; akc[ hj;  ijsRy asËlgk yjS/lGMjHî Siij&[ LfjsRy ilcr dxukd." 34
Scld[ ckdxjHrj'k; dÊ*xjHrj'k; pkGz
Œ 5 ^ ƒ *4 #  'g6   $- " b‡ "  h& '"   *# )) r[ P ; iaj)kaly[ SwlhjdxjHrj'[ SrgjM[ e=jdxj
sh\k'igk; TO zn\jhln[.
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ssh;zjd ~r[P\jShGs/mH. (  i^Fc  V%)  D*5$
éQglX :G\i)lgjulu >lgUSuSul, Ls#(jH
L#l|k eyÉkî >lgUuksm ahpIlgS\Sul, algn)lgSrSul, caJ
‫ھ َُو أ َ ًذ ى فَ ا ْع َت ِز ل ُواْ النِّ َس اء فِي‬ َ ‫َو َي سْ أ َل ُو َن‬
ej)k'eÊ; LiR ak|+p[)[ Lifgj/j&fjH
‫ِيض قُ ْل‬ِ ‫ك َع ِن ا لْ َم ح‬ LijCIcj&jgj)k'k.ê 42
... ‫َي ْط ھُرْ َن‬ ‫ِيض َو ال َ َت ْق َر بُوھُنَّ َح َّت َى‬ ِ ‫الْ َم ح‬ :sg(jhk; L~p[ P \jH Lyjulsfuln[ :G
Þ:G\is\/Ëj LiG rjS'lm[ Svlpj)k'k. eyuk \i)lgjukalujM[ ~r[ P \jShGs/mk'sf(jH L
d, Lsflgk alhjrUaldk'k. LfjrlH :G\idl ir[ YeluC[ v j\aj#. t'lH S~lPS\lmk; Lyj
h\[ rj*X c[ YfJdxjHrj'[ Ld'[ rjHS)! Silmk; domjulsn(jH vjh en[ @ jfl>jYelu Yedl
fln[ LiG Ckp[ P juldk'f[ isg Lisg caJej g; Lir[ YeluC[ v j\; rjG~r[ P aln[. Lf[ tYf
)kilR elmj#…...ß [ij.dIk. 2 î222] alYfalsn'fjH >j'l>jYeluak![ . LfjYedlg;
c[ Y fJ LCkp[ P j)lh; dqjÉ[ Ckp[ P j)lhS\)[ c;Yz|j)l;î
YeSiCj)kduk; dkxj)kduk; svu[flH alYfaln[ 1. Qgk pjrlG Ls#(jH LgpjrlG.
Lixkaluj c;Sulz; Lrkipj)s/mkduk=k. 2. :G\i\jsRy fkm)\jhln[ ~r[ P s/mk'
L#l|k eyuk'k.î sf(jH Qgk pJrlG YeluC[v j\; rHdn;. Trj
... ُ - ُ ‫ط ھَّرْ َن فَ أ ْتُ وھُنَّ ِم نْ َح ْي‬
ّ ُ‫ث أ َ َم َر ُك م‬ َ ‫فَ إ ِ َذ ا َت‬... :G\i\jsRy Liclr\jShl dkxj)k'fjsRy
akRSel :n[ ~r[ P s/mk'sf(jH LgpJrlG rH
…….t'lH LiG CkvJdgj&k dqjÉlH L#l|k dn;. 43
rj*Sxlm[ dH/j&ijP\jH Ligksm Lmk\[ sv'k
sdl=kd.……. [ij.dIk. 2 î222] 42
fjGajpj 1î243 LH~lrj, cI|J|kH wlajL[ î5918
fsRy >lgU :G\i)lgjulujgjs) Lixksm 43
zk|U>lz\[ ssh;zjd ckDalcIpj)k'fjsh sryj >lgUukaluj ~r[ P s/mk'f[ :G\igd[f; fkm*k'
dlh\ldsM Liclrj)k' dlh\ldsM YeluC[ v j\
\njn²§Ä 69 \njn²§Ä 70

éQgk pJrlG 4.25 Yzl; cIGÑaldk'k.ê LYfuk; cI ak|+p[ r~j)[ Lifgj/j& af\jH LijCIcj
GÑ; plr;sv$kdSul Ls#(jG : cIGÑ; aohU &jgj)k'k.ê 45
rjGÑu; rm\j c;DU plr; rHdjulhk; afj. .ê c;Ckp[ P dxk; Ckp[ P Yed{fj)lgkalu c[Y fJdX
T\g; rJv svu[ f jdX)[ ijc+f; Yedmj/j&lH
ehgk; salqj svl#ksa'[ >J<nj akq)lyk![. hw[ w
c[YfJdsx ahpIlg\jhosm ulH Svlpj&yjukilR ijc+fj)k' >lgUalsg pJrJ
caJej)H. egaluj Tsf#l; |hlhlsn'[ eyÉ[ vjhG vfj
vjh pkG~h ijCIlcjdX rjÍS(lv; >lgUal ujhosm hÊU*X Srmlyk![ .
gksm ahpIlg\jhosm ~r[P s/mlyk![ . Tf[ a|l ... ‫ث ل َّ ُك ْم فَ أ ْتُ و اْ َح رْ َث ُك ْم أ َ َّن ى ِش ْئ تُ ْم‬
ٌ ْ‫نِ َس آؤُ ُك ْم َح ر‬
eleik; L\g)lsg L#l|kijsRy ycoH  Cej Þrj*xksm >lgUalG rj*xksm dU<jujmaldk'k . L
)kduk; svu[ f jgj)k'k. L~o|kyu[yéyê yjS/lGM[ fjrlH rj*X Tv[V j)k;ijP; rj*X) [ rj*xksm
sv$k' |pJcjH r~j eyuk'k.î d{<jujm\jH sv#lik'fln[ . ..ß [ijîdIkî2î223]
t' :u\jsRy sfxji[ eyÉln[ T)lgU;
(( <   \  Kl*  V> *#  0 !'%  ) ) |hlhl)k'f[. uFlGf[ F\jH akdxjH eyÉ :u
é>lgUuksm ahpIlg\jhosm ~r[P s/mk'iR Cej) \jsRy ijiÊ r~j iUd[fal)jujMk![ . TO :
s/mkalyldsM,ê 44 u\[ ijigj& YeilvdR KS`C; iUd[fal)jsdl
alYfa#. ycoH iJ!k; eyuk'k. î ![ eyÉkî akR>lz\jhosmuk; ejR>lz\jhosmuk;
c[ YfJdsx ckDS>lz\jr[ caJej)l; eSÊ, c;Sul
f *^ g K+ < *  <  \  Kl*  * Ku P  V>  *# )) z; akRpIlg\jH alYf;, :u\jH ijigj& ijxsi
((  i^ Fc  V%) D*5 $ F mk/[ cÔlrh~[ P juln[ . dkÉ[ seËkiJqk'f[ akR
pIlg\jhosmuln[ .
éQglX :G\i)lgjSuSul, ahpIlg\jhosm >lgU T\g; dkËd{fU*X)[ dlgnaldk'f,[ eli
SuSul, SwUlHcUSrSul caJej)k' eÊ; LiR ralu plÙfUwJijf\jSh)[ wl|jhju\jsRy sse
f{dalu rj<jp[ P -rJv cYÙplu*xksmuk;, ar-
aluj Qgk pjrlSyl Lg pjrlSyl rHSd!fln[.
éT~[ r k ~lc[.ê
44 45
L|[ap[ 2î479 LH~lrj, cI|J|kH wlajL[ î5895 fjGajpj 1î 243 LH~lrj, cI|J|kH wlajL[ î5918
\njn²§Ä 71 \njn²§Ä 72

c[ fleShCaSrU d!ksdl!jgj)k' scd[ c[ QglX) [ alYf; vjhi[ rHdkduk; Lixkaluj alYf;


cjrjadxjHrj'[ sdl!kejmj& rjyÉ c[ a gndxk djm/y e(jmkduk; aËisx elsm Liznj)kduk;
Smuk; dm'kduËaln[ . TO d{fU; rj<jp[ P sa'fj sv$H rj<jp[ P aln[ . LÔUrlxjH L\g)lgksm
H c;Cuaj#. >lgUl>G\l)ØlG egc[ eg; f{e[fj Lic[ F L~o|kyu[ y ijHrj'k= |pJcjH Yeil
s/Mlhk; Ls#(jhk;. egc[ egf{e[fj Qgk |ylajsr vdR ijigj)k'f[ dlnkd. î
|hlhl)kduj#S#l?
*6 =nA F < ^*H V"H F  0> *  " *,5 *# ))
>lgUalG)jmujH LrJfj dlnj)H ( (  P  bg M  g'"
QglX Q'jhPjd; >lgUalgk!lujgjs) LiG)j éQglX)[ g![ >lgUalgk!likduk; QglxjSh)[ al
mujH rJfjdlnj)nsa'[ dH/j&ksdl![ L#l|k Yf; vlÉ[ wJij)kduk; svu[f lH LÔUrlxjhiR
eyuk'k.î Qgk >lzS\)[ vlÉ[ sdl!lujgj)k; |lwylikd.ê 46
َ ‫ص تُ ْم فَ ال‬ ْ ‫َو ل َن َت ْس َت طِ ي عُواْ أ َن َت ْع ِد ل ُواْ َب ي َْن ال ِّن َس اء َو لَوْ َح َر‬
ْ ُ‫َت ِم يل ُواْ ُك َّل الْ َم ْي ِل فَ َت َذ ُر و َھ ا َك الْ ُم َع ل َّقَ ةِ َو إ ِن ت‬
ْ‫ص ل ِ ُح و اْ َو َت َّت قُ وا‬ LrUc[YfJukaluj QqjÉjgj)H
‫ان َغ فُو ًر ا َّر حِي ًم ا‬ َ ‫ َ َك‬-ّ َّ‫فَ إ ِن‬ wr*sx dkq/\jhl)lrk; rj<jp[ P *xjH rje
rj*X tYf fs' :Yz|j&lhk; >lgUalG fj/j)lrk; rjflÔwlYzfujhln[ svdk\lR. Qgk
)jmujH fkhUrJfj elhj)lR rj*Xs)lgj)hk; ak'yjujs/S'ln; L#l|k eyuk'k î
ُ ‫ين آ َم نُ وا َال َت َّت بِ عُوا ُخ‬ َ ‫َي ا أ َ ُّي َھ ا ال َّ ِذ‬
clPj)j#. LfjrlH rj*X éQglxjSh)[ ê eoGÑ
aluk; fjgjÉk sdl![ aËisx sdMjujMisxS/lsh ْ‫ان َو َم ن َي َّت بِع‬
ِ ‫ط‬ َ ‫ش ْي‬َّ ‫ت ال‬ِ ‫ط َو ا‬
ijSM)gkf[. rj*X ésegkalË;ê r'l)j\JG)k َ ْ‫ان فَ إ ِ َّن ُه َي أ ْ ُم ُر بِ الْ فَ ح‬
... ‫ش اء َو الْ ُم ن َك ِر‬ ِ ‫ط‬َ ‫ش ْي‬َّ ‫ت ال‬ ِ ‫ط َو ا‬ ُ ‫ُخ‬
duk; coÊ[ af elhj)kduk; sv$k' eÊ;
L#l|k ]sy selyk)k'irk; dgknlrjPj ukal cfUijCIlcjdsx, ejClvjsRy dlH/lmkdsx rj-
dk'k.  [ij.dIk. 4î129] *X ejReËgkf[ . i#irk; ejClvjsRy dlH/lmk
glikdX e(jmH, ic[Yf*X, vjhikdX fkm dX ejReËk' eÊ; fJG&uluk; LiR éejClv[ ê
*juiujhln[ rJfjS~lP;. |{pUaluc[ S r|ilu[
ejH rJfjelhj)lrlij#. ~|k>lgUalgk!lujgjS) 46
L~opliop[ 2î601, LH~lrj, cI|J|kHwlajL[î 6491
\njn²§Ä 73 \njn²§Ä 74

dH/j)k'f[ rJvi{\juk; pkglvlgik; sv$lrl fUuksm dosmSul, Sglzj)[ S}ld[ m yksm dosmSul,
ujgj)k;...ß [ij.dIk. 24î21] Lf[ Selsh L'UG :glulhk; Ligksm dosmSul
ark<UCgJg\jH gd[fv;Ydan; dns) ej QËs/mlR elmj#. Lf[ iJMjhldsM, yoajhldsM, il
Clvk; vhj)k;. ejClv[ em&ksi)k' yoMkdxjshl |r\jhldsM tijsmululhk;. cIu; ijCIlcaG/j
'ln[ egc[ Y fJukaluj QqjÉjgj)H. &k; aËk=iglH rjG>ufI; d!k;, ehgk; T)lgU;
zOgi\jshmk)lyj#. LfjrlHfs' Lijsmrj'
L#l|kijsRy ycoHaldsM : yoMjsRy d S*lM[ iU>jvlgik; iU>jvlg\jr[ ix;si)k' Ye
ilm; sdlMjum&ksdl![ TYedlg; eyÉkî iG\r*xk; Kmshmk)k'k. EhSal c(gujr;
fyilmkdxk; K/uj#l\ dkSya)xk;.
(( $0 B* y" F
‡ "? 0 TH il*  AY 0  $%*E6 T ))
éQgk ekgk<rk; LrUc[ Y fJukaluj QËs/mkduj#, ao LrUc[YfJukaluj |c[fplr;
'larluj ejClv[ K!lujM#lsfê 47
T~[ r k KaGrj'[ yjS/lGM[ sv$k' asËlgk
sv$H.
|pJcjH r~j  eyuk'kî vjh clao|jd cYÙplu*xk;, wrdJu :vl
g*xk;, pjiU ijPjdSxuk; afrjua*Sxuk; ayjd
 AY ! TH i& `  V%) ; <  *6 ^ *!  AY #% [ *^ 6 T )) m'S/lX cao|\jH rlsÙmk\ Qgk fjØuln [ eg
c[ YfJdX)[ |c[ fplr;. fl(X Qgk KeSpCdsRy
(( 0 +'?  * SylxjH T\g; fjØdsx sfxji[ rjg\j tfjG\l
hk; fl(X ejÔjgj/rluk;, dkmk;~~r[ P ; fdG
étsRy TO pjic\jr[ SC<; QS'l gS!l :X )k'irluk;, cpkS`C\jH cSÕ|ak!l)k'irl
doMjrj#lsf Qglxk; QgrUc[YfJuksm Lmk)H Ye uk; sfËjp[ P gj)s/mlR alYf; dlgU; zOgialujgj
SiCj)gkf[. ê 48 )k'k. ssiil|jd~r[ P ; rj<jp[ P al)s/ml\, Q
akdXs/Ë |pJckdxksm sixj&\jH QglX)k; xjuk;ayuk; :iCUaluiG)[ Selhk; ssdrJMk'f[
fsRy cS|lpg>lgUuksm dosmSul, iJMkma)[ >{ T'[ ixsg rjÍlgaluj znj)s/mk'k. CyTsRy
iJÊnSdlnjhosm TO dlgU\jsRy zOgi; Srl)j
d!jgks'(jH selmk'sr Qgk alË\jr[ f$lylik
47
fjGajpj 3 î474 ajC[dl\kH acl~J|[î 3118 alujgk'k. r~j eyÉk.î
48
akc[hj; 4î1711
\njn²§Ä 75 \njn²§Ä 76

" * [ i^6 ^  *#  i˜ EF *7$ ^ q' Y  #!'B6 '0 =J )) ( ( 3n4S+" t ^ *6 s{  T S5 H ))
éBlR LrUc[ Y fJdxk
sm dg*X c[ eGCj)kduj#.ê 52
( ( " b c> T Kl*  {F 6 '0 *# 
éfrj)[ LrkiprJua#l\ Qgk c[YfJsu c[ e GCj)k :ujCl eyuk'k.î
'fjSr)lX TgkÙjsRy covjsdl![ fhujH dk
\hldk'k LulX)[ K\aaluf[.ê 49
* z @ b˜( il*  ^6  3  .Y ^ 6 *,4  3 T  )
d$lhk= iU>jvlg; t'ln[ YeilvdR L ( -'"  #
*!6& 6 5
fjsr ijSC<j/j&f[.
"L#l|kilsn, L#l|kijsRy ycoHuksm dg;
@ 0  5*D> 0  *AS" @ 0 5*D > 0^ '"  @ 0 5*D> 0 +* !" )) Qgk éLrUêc[YfJuksm dgikaluk; c[ eGCj&jSMuj#,
fJG&. eSÊ LS`|; Ligkaluj c;clg\jhosm
( ( 5*D6 “*f'" ulujgk'k ss~L\[ svu[ f jgk'f[." 53
éTgkdÑkdxk; iU>jvgj)k;, Tgkdg*xk; iU>jvgj >Gf{cS|lpgr[ |c[fplr; sv$l\fjsRy
)k;, Tgkdlhkdxk; iU>jvgj)k;, zk|U c[ Flrik; SegjH >lgUalsg salqjsvl#ksa'[ SaZ zGw[ w r;
iU>jvgj)k;.ê 50 akq)k'iG L#l|kijsr coÊj)sM, |c[f plr;
YeilvdRSu)lX Ckp[ P |{purlu aËlgkaj rm\k' Tgkdg*X)jmujH fknjSul aySul K
#fs'. t'jMk; LS`|; eyuk'k.î !lulHSelhk; TO d{fU; rj<jp[ P alsn'[ YeSfU
d; arÍjhl)kd.
( ( =n4S+" a I$ T S5H ) )
éBlR LrUc[Y fJdxkaluj |c[ fplr; sv$j#.ê 51
c[YfJdX ckzr[P; eoCj eky\jy
*hk; LrUG)jmujH Khl\hk;

49 52
fI~ylrj20î212, LH~lrj, cI|J|kHwlajL[ î 4921 fI~ylrj, akL[wakHd~JG 24î342, LH~lrj, cI|J
50
L|[ap[ 1î 412, LH~lrj, cI|J|kH wlajL[. |kH wlajL[ 7054 , TcIl~ 4î 354
51 53
L|[ap[ 6î 357, LH~lrj, cI|J|kH wlajL[ akc[hj; 3î 1489
\njn²§Ä 77 \njn²§Ä 78

YeilvdRujHrj'[ Lfj>J<nal; ijP; fl)J cr dxuk'f[ isg LixjHrj'[ rac[ ) lg; cIJ
fk!lujMk; iG\alrShld\[ iUledaluj d!k dgj)s/mkduj#.ê 55
sdl!jgj)k' fjØujshl'ln[ c[ YfJdX iJmk ijMj c[ YfJdX dhUln/lGMjdxjSh)k;, irjfl c
y*kSÙlX ckzr[ P ; eoCH. r~j eyÉk.î alw*xjSh)k; ekys/mlR LnjsÉlgk*kSÙlqk;,
L*lmjujhk; il|r*xjhk;, c[Y fJ ekgk<ØlG Tm
 ^ ƒ " * gd'" V% ) *_ 7$? *_B*!d*. il*  F s6 )) foG'[ ij|gj)kSÙlqk;, yaplrjsRy glYfjdxjH
e=jdxjHS/lhk;, ckzr[ P ik; KOpkdxk; KeSulzj
((  5•  
 
‘Y )k'k. uFlGf[ F\jH c[ YfJdX)k= L\G an
é]sflgk c[ YfJulisM cao|; Lixksm anayjun aj#l\fk; ekgMjulH rjyak=fkaln[ . L#l|k r
sa' >liS\lsm ckzr[ P ; eoCj cao| ap[ P U\j s+ cf[ e lr[ FlijSh)[ ruj)kalyldsM
hosm rm)k'kSil, LiX iU>jvlgjnjuln[ . ê 54
c[ YfJ e=jujSh)lsn(jH Selhk; ilcrYpiU
akeSulzj&ixlsn(jH ihju LCkp[ P jujHrj'[
c[YfJdX frj&k= ulYf
dkxj)k;ijP; dkxj&[ ilcr dxÉjgj)nsa'[ dG T~[ r k L^lc[  ijHrj'[ yjS/lGM[ sv$k'
Cr dH/ruk!lujgjs) vjh c[ YfJdX Lizn cI|J|lu |pJcjH L#l|kijsRy ycoH ey
rl>li\jShl, LYCp[PulShl ssY}iGalG, d&im uk'k.î
)lG, c[ doX scdUogjËj fkm*juiG)[ ak'jH ck
zr[ P ; eoCjsu\lyk![ . r~j  eyÉkî (( *c t N G TH $l*F'"  4 > T ))
éijil| ~r[ P ; rj<jp[ P al)s/MiSglsml/a#lsf

‘Y ^A " ^ ƒ*4F '" V"H *,A[ 7 $? *,& B> il*  Fs6 )) Qgk c[ YfJuk; ulYf sv$lif#.ê 56
(( +ƒ'" #  
"4  'z  34*`> V  lI 
*+  ' &'g 6 *7 " Yec[f kf |pJcjsRy sixj&\jH |w[ w[ u lYf
akfH t#l ulYfdxk; Tijsm KXs/mk;. ]dldj
é]sflgk c[Y fJuldsM, ckzr[P ; eoCkduk;, egjax; uluk= c[ Y fJuksm ulYfujH pkGrm/kdlG Li
eg\lR e=jujSh)[ ekys/mkdukalsn(jH ihj xlH iCJdgj)s/mlrk; L~hulu Lixksm KS`I
u LCkp[ P jujHrj'[ dkxj)k'fkSelsh dkxj&[ il
55
L|[ap[ 2î444, LH~lrj, cI|J|kH wlajL[î 2703
54 56
L|[ap[ 4î 418, LH~lrj, cI|J|kH wlajL[î 105 L|[ap[ 2î444, LH~lrj, cI|J|kH wlajL[î 2703
\njn²§Ä 79 \njn²§Ä 80

zs\ fMjuknG\lrk; Lijsm rj'S*lM[ vkgk ُ َ‫ص ار ِھ ْم َو َي حْ ف‬


‫ظ وا فُ ُر و َج ھُ ْم‬ َ ُّ ‫ِين َي ُغ‬َ ‫قُل ل ِّلْ م ُْؤ ِم ن‬
*ju eÊ; Lixksm L>jalr\jrk; LÔÍjrk; ِ َ ‫ض وا ِم نْ أ ْب‬
َ ‫ص َن ع‬
‫ُون‬ َّ َّ‫ك أ َ ْز َك ى لَ ھُ ْم إ ِن‬
ْ ‫ َ َخ بِ ي ٌر بِ َم ا َي‬- َ ِ‫َذ ل‬
ÊfSaH)lrk; clPUfuk![ . SiUlaulYfujH T
ijsm ulYf Lu)lrk; Lijsm cIJdgj)lrk; :xk
s!(jHSelhk; Tflnic[ F. :glujgj)k; Lixk ér~jSuê rJ cfUijCIlcjdSxlm[ Ligksm p{<[ m j
sm dosmujgj)kd? ijalr; asËlgjm\ [ Ty*kdSul, dX flq[ \ kilrk; zk|Uliui*X dl\[ coÊj
rjC[ v jf cau\[ t\lfjgj)kdSul, ssidkd )kilrk; eyukd. Lfln[ LiG)[ ]sy egjCk
Sul svu[ f lH tÔlujgj)k; Lic[ F? p[ P alujMk=f[ . fJG&uluk; L#l|k LiG YeiG
c[Y fJuksm dosmuk= c|ulYfjdR ijil|~ \j)k'fjsr/Ëj coÊ[a aluj Lyjuk'irldk'k.
r[ P ; elmj#l\isr'fjhkegj akc[ h jalikd, Yelu [ij.dIk. 24î30] 
eoG\jsu\kd, ~kp[Pjuk=irldkd, :nlikd r~j eyÉk.î
t'J rj~r[P rdX domjuk![ .
L#l|kijsRy ycoH  eyuk'kî (( '” +" #* !" 5 D ))
éLS/lX dÑ[ sdl!k= iU>jvlg; SrlMaldk'k.
((
*+  Š *c $N * < [ * 
A * •* 
+ *  * <   ...)) LFil L#l|k Lrkipj)l\fjSh)[ . ê 58
é … Lixksm ejflSil, adSrl, >G\lSil, cS|l ijil|aSrI<j)k'iR seÑjsr dlnk'fk;
pgSrl Ls#(jH ijil|~r[ P ; rj<jp[ P al)s/M Sglzjulu c[Y fJsu S}ld[ m G Srl)k'fk; Selhk
aËlsg(jhksal.ê 57 = CyTulu :iCU*X)[ Srl)k'f[ Lrkip
rJualn[. t'lH c[ Y fJdX egekgk<ØlgjSh)[
dkq/; c{<[ m j)kaly[ Srl)k'fk; rj<jp[Paln[ .
LrUc[YfJdxjSh)[ arÈ/oG%; L#l|k eyuk'k.î
Srl)H ‫ار ھِنَّ َو َي حْ فَ ْظ َن‬
ِ ‫ص‬َ ‫ض َن ِم نْ أ َ ْب‬
ْ ‫ض‬ ِ ‫َو قُل ل ِّلْ م ُْؤ ِم َن ا‬
ُ ‫ت َي ْغ‬
L#l|k eyuk'k î ... َّ‫فُ ُر و َج ھُن‬

57 58
akc[ h j; 2- 977 ~kDlgj.
\njn²§Ä 81 \njn²§Ä 82

rJ cfU ijCIlcjrjdSxlm[ Ligksm p{<[m j flq[ \ k eYpij)k'iR, dkmk;~\jH |Jrf efjil)lR
ilrk; zk|Uc[ Flr*X coÊj)kilrk; eyukd… doMkrjH)k' dkmk;~rlFR.ê 59
[ij.dIk. 24î31] …. pjulF LFil dkmk;~s\ Si!li{\j)[ doMj
s)lmk)H Qgk equ cYÙplualsn(jhk; :Pkrj
Lf[S elsh LSglazlYfglu ukil)xjSh)k; df)[ Lfjr[ eh goe*xk![ . >lgU)k; a)X)k;
ckÕgØlgjSh)k; ijdlgS\lsm Srl)hk;, c[ YfJ egekgk<Ølgkaluj C{;zgj&[ c;clgj)lrk= aO
ekgk<ØlG egc[ e g; rz[ r fujSh)[ Srl)hk;, Qgk rlrkilp;. dkmk;~\jsh c[ Y fJdX LrU :nk*
ayuk!lulHSelhk; LrUsRy zk|U>lz; sflmhk; xkaluj QqjÉjgj)k'fk;, frj&[ ulYf sv$k'fk;
rj<jp[ P aln[ . LuFlGf[ F goe*sx' aMjH cjrj Tc[ hlajdSi<; Pgj)lsf ehgk; duyjujy*k'
alfjSuËykdxjhk; eYfalcjddxjhk; YefUÊs/mk' c[ Fh*xjSh)[ uSF<[m ; ekys/mk'fk; f{e[fj
vjYf*xjSh)[ dÑk;rM[s dl!jgj)k'f[ sseClvj s/mH. iJMkix/jSh)[ cjrjadX, aÉYecjp[ P Jdg
dfuksm Sih\galn[. dkq/; ilgjijfyk'fk;, n*X fkm*juisdl!k= dm'k duË;. t'j
alrk<jdijdlgs\ T)jxjs/mk\k'fkalu SaDh *sr pjulF eh ssChjujH d![ igk'k.
dX Tfjsh#l; rS' iUd[f ;.

pjulFÈ édoMjs)lmk/[ê ejfli#l\iG)[ ejf{fI;


c[Flej)hk;, ejfli[ ekYfsr
T~[ r k KaGijHrj'[ yjS/lGM[ sv$k' Qgk
|pJcjH TYedlg; dlnl;. f=j/yuhk;.
@ s‚!'" @ *F E'" # *^  :+ƒ'" *7
* % ) }  *^ ( ?? )) ejflijsr f=j/yuhk; asËlgk fyilMjSh)[
SvG\keyuhk; afegaluj elmk=f#. vjhG svyk
( ( ™ & E'" %*<  s g 6 t ; " $s6 ^ " /\jH ejfli[ ds$lqj&fjhk= ed Sel)lrk;,
éao'lxkdX, L#l|k LiG)[ cIGÏShld; rj<j >Ofjd SrM*X Srmjsumk)lrk; d{Yfja fyilmk
p[ P al)jujgj)k'k. akqkdkmjuR, alflejfl)sx K- !l)j QOS`Ulzjd SgDujHSelhk; c[ FjgJdgj)lyk
![ . plÙfU~r[ P ; rj<jp[P alui, ijil|;, LrÔ

59
L|[ap[ 2î 69, LH~lrj, cI|J|kH wlajL[î 3047
\njn²§Ä 83 \njn²§Ä 84

glidlC; fkm*j QMriPj dG+Clc[ YfClDdxjH


Lfjsr fkmG'[ dkq/*xk!ldk'k. #  *,4* % *7
*+  { * " *# Š*( V%) *,%[*\ il*  Fs6 ))
cLp[  ijHrj'k; L~o~dyijH rj'k; yj ^cA Š AY F s6  @ +A } 
% [*^6 *#" @ mn*M  3
S/lGM[ sv$k' |pJcjH TYedlg; i'jgj)k'k.
V%) cu  @ *+  } vƒ*  @ * "H $”*+6  < :^ "
(( * % ) $+ƒ'" @ 7 %*!6  <  * z V"H V)\ # ) )
éQglX cS~lP; fsRy ejfli#l\ asËlglsx éej (( #6 [9'  k "=J ' q š Y
flilujê cIJdgj&lH cIGÏ; Lir[ rj<jp[P aln[ ê 60 é]sflgk c[YfJuldsM, Qgk cao|\jH LrUsRy
i;C elgÙgU*xksm Segjhk= dxikdxk; dxjfal dkÉjr[ wr[ a ; rHdj LigjHs/ml\ Qgk\sr
Cdxk; Tc[ h l; LSflsm rj<jp[P al)j. LigkSmfl)julH Lixk; L#l|kik; f+jH ul
vjhG >lgUukaluj cOÕgU/jn)alulH >lgU sflgk ~r[ P ikaj#, Lisx L#l|k cIGÏJu :gl
Lij|jf~r[ P ak=ixlsn'k; djm/y e(jM[ wr[ a ; a\jH YeSiCj/j)kduj#. cIÔ; ekYfsr akD;
rHdju dkÉjsr siyksf f=j/yukduk; sv$l Srl)j fSRyfs#'[ eyuk' ]sflglsx sflMk;
yk![ . ijCIlciÖdjdxlu vjh >lgUalgldsM Lij L#l|k éLÔUrlxjHê ayÉk rjH)k;. akRzlajd
|jf zG>;Pgj&[ >G\lijsRy SegjH : wlgc xkSmuk; ejRzlajdxkSmuk; ak'jH si&[ L#l|k
Ôlr\jsRy ejf{fI; LmjS&H/j)k'k. L~o|ky Lisr Lealrj)kduk; sv$k;.ê 61
u[ y ijHrj'[ yjS/lGM[ sv$k' Qgk |pJcjH T
\g; sdlmk;vfjdXs)fjgjH LicSglvjfik;
Cd[ f ikalu fl)JsfS'ln; TYedlg; dlnl;.
LS`|; eyuk'k. hj:rjé>lgU->G\l)ØlG f+jH ehjC
cfU; svu[ f k; CleYelGf[ Fr rm\juk; ts'S'
)kaluj ijil|~r[ P ; SiGs/mk\hjsRyê :u\j L#l|k ijCkp[ P DkG:rjH LrUG)[ Srsg
y*juS/lX L#l|kijsRy ycoH TYedlg; Qgk cagYeDUler; ehjC)lSglm#lsf rm\jujMj#.
eyuk'f[ BlR SdMk.î L#l|k eyuk'k. î

60 61
~kDlgj. L~opliop[ î 2 î 695, ajC[d l\kH acIl~J|[ 3316
\njn²§Ä 85 \njn²§Ä 86

‫ َ َو َذ ُر واْ مَ ا َب قِ َي مِ َن ال ِّر بَ ا إ ِن‬- ّ ْ‫ين آ َم نُ واْ ا َّت قُوا‬ َ ‫َي ا أ َ ُّي ھَ ا ال َّ ِذ‬ QgkSix ehjCujmelmkdlG)[ S rsg L#l|kijHrj
'k= cagYeDUler\jsRy Qgk >lzjdgoealujgj
َ ‫ُك نتُ م مُّؤْ ِم ن‬
‫ِين‬ )l; Tf[ .
ّ ‫ن‬
‫ ِ َو َر ُس  ول ِ ِه َو إ ِن تُ ْب  تُ ْم‬- َ  ‫ب ِّم‬ٍ ْ‫فَ  إ ِن لَّ  ْم َت ْف َع ل ُ واْ فَ  أ ْ َذ نُ واْ بِ َح  ر‬ ehjCukaluj~r[ P s/mk' t#l L;z*xk;, a-
َ ‫ُون َو الَ تُ ْظ لَ م‬
‫ُون‬ َ ‫فَ لَ ُك ْم ُر ؤُ وسُ أ َ ْم َو الِ ُك ْم ال َ َت ْظ ل ِم‬ PUiG\jdxk;, c|lujdxk; ak|+p[uksm eijYf
cfUijCIlcjdsx, rj*X L#l|ksi coÊj)kd, alu rlijrlH Cej)s/Mjgj)k'k. wl~jGijH
ehjCidujH ~l)jdjMlrk=f[ ijM[ dxukduk; rj'k= Qgk |pJcjH LS`|; eyuk'k.
svS$!fln[ . rj*X éuFlGf[ Fê ijCIlcjdxlsn
(jH. rj*X L*sr sv$k'js#(jH L#l|kij . *6 ^ <M & > %   S"  Ž 3 $  .Y #!" ) )
SRyuk; ycohjSRyuk; eÊ\krj'[ érj*Xs)fj
(( ›n. *7 < :(
gjhk=ê cagYeDUlers\/Ëj LyjÉk sdl=kd..
[ij.dIk. 2î278-279] éehjC fj'k'iSruk; fJËj)k'iSruk; tqk
fj si)k'iSruk; clÊjdSxuk; L#l|kijsRy
ehjCsu' dkËd{fU; tYf wkdke[ c li|sa
'fjr[ sfxji[ Tf[ afj. ycoH Cej&jgj)k'k. LS`|; eyÉkî Lisg
#l; caØlgln[ . ê 62
gl<[ Y m*xkSmuk; iUd[fjdxkSmuk; rjhilg\
dG&, ehjCujmelmkdlgrk= r<[ m ;, SdlM;, Li Kegjcovjf |pJcjsRy sixj&\jH ehjCuk
Cf, LCd[ f f, clÙ\jd eglPJrfdX, sflqjH aluj~r[ P s/M tqk\kdk\kdX, d[ x j/[frjGÑu;,
g|jfgksm Sflf[ znUaluj KugH, c[F ler*xk; YduijYdu;, }jS/lcjË[ sv$H, elyli[ rjH)H
dÙrjdxk; selxjuH, LrÔaluj Lm&kiJSM! fkm*j sal\\jH ehjCukaluj c|dgj)k' t
ehjCdlgn\lH rjfUlp[ P Ilr\jsRy ijuG/k; #l; rj<jp[P aln[ . ehjC t' sdmkfjuksm sryj
dohjuk; ehjCc[F ler*xjH sv'ksemH, clao Sdm[ iUd[fal)j\gk'fjhk= r~juksm fH/g
|USYCnjujH K=iG T#l\iG t'J Lic[ F f iqjsu Yz|j)l;.
c;wlfaldH fkm*ju ehjCuksm sdmkfjdsx T~[ r [ ac[KOp[  ijH rj'[ rjSipr;. î
ccoÊ[ a; eAj)k'ir[ sfgUs/mk'f[ dk'[
domju cÙ\kdX wr*xjsh Qgk rUoreÊ\jsRy
dg*xjH alYf; i'[ Svgk'fjrlhlsn'ln[ . 62
akc[hj; 3î 1219
\njn²§Ä 87 \njn²§Ä 88

$ A" a -*+6 '0 '‡  < 4*6  @ K 0  !*& . ?? S" )) ( ( $( V"H ~ h> & () 01 @ $‡ '0H S " ))
( ( 7 %*4 F'"  A" ‹* )  S" V*Y 0 H @ $ éehjC tYfalYfak!lulhk; LfjsRy egUiclr;
T#lu[ aujH svs'\k;.ê 65
éehjC)[ tqke\jao'[ dilm*xln[ . LfjH ]Ë
ik; rjÍlgaluf[ cIÔ; alflikaluj ~r[Ps/mk ehjCuksm :rkelf; domkfshS'l dky
'fjr[ fkhUaln[ . ]Ëik; dmk\ ehjC akc[ h jaj siS'l iUfUlcaj#. tYfululhk; |ylaln[ . ehj
sRy L>jalraln[. 63 C)lgR LÔUrlxjH ekrGwJij/j)s/mk'f[
sseClvjd ~lPSuË[ ayjÉ[ iJniR tqkS'H
L~[ p k#l|[ ~[ r k |Rxh  ijHrj'[ rjSipr;.î )k'f[ Selshuln[. Lfj |JraludkËaln[
œ, . *#  s^ M  7% *!6  < $ A" $%$ 'Qd6 Y 7< *Y \ )) ehjCsu(jhk; LfjH rj'[ eC[ v lfej&[ ejÔjgj
uk' ijP; ijigj&[ L#l|k eyuk'k. î
(( i 5• k d ? ? َ ‫ َو إ ِن تُ ْب تُ ْم فَ لَ ُك ْم ُر ؤُ وسُ أ َ ْم َو ال ِ ُك ْم ال َ َت ْظ ل ِم‬...
َ ‫ُون َو ال‬
َ ‫تُ ْظ لَ م‬
éehjC/nalsn'yjÉ[ Qgk pjG|; sdl![ fj'k'
f[ ak/\ly[ fin iU>jvgj)k'fjSr)lX dAjr
‫ُون‬
aln[ .ê 64 …rj*X eC[ v lfej&[ am*kdulsn(jH rj*xk
PrjdsrS'l rjGPrsrS'l iUfUlcaj#lsf sm aohPr; rj*X)[ fs' djMk'fln[ . rj*X
ehjC dlhlfJfaluj sal\\jH ijh)s/Mjgj)k LYda; sv$gkf[, rj*X LYdaj)s/mkduk; Lgk
'k. tYfsuYf ens)lqk/k=igk; iUiclujd f[ . [ij.dIk. 2î289]
Yealnjalgkaln[ ehjC Tmelm[ dlgn\lH el/gl cfUijCIlcjdsx c;~r[ P j&jmS\lx; TO
uf[. iG\alrdlh; Lfjr[ clÊjuln[. rS' iRele\jHrj'[ fjgjSÉlmhk; Lfjhk= sryj
vkgk*juf[ ehjC/n; ]syulsn(jhk; Lf[ Lrk Sdm[ LyjÉjgj)hk; LrjilgUaln[. rjG~r[ P cl
Yz|aËfln[ . r~j  eyÉk. î |vgU\jhk;, Sal<nSal r<[ m s/mShl >u'k;,
ehjC ~l(kdxjH en; rjSÊej)k'iG L#l|k
ijSrlm[ eleSalvr\jr[ Sfmjuk;, dqjuk'Yf a
sËlgk ~pH c;ijPlr\jr[ YCaj&k;, rjG~r[ P
63
|ldj; 2î 37, LH~lrj, cI|J|kHwlajL[.
64 65
L|[ a p[ 5î 225, LH~lrj, cI|J|kHwlajL[ î 3375 |ldj; 2î 37, LH~lrj, cI|J|kH wlajL[î 3542
\njn²§Ä 89 \njn²§Ä 90

cl|vgU\jhln[ BlrJ rjSÊe\jr[ akfjgk'f[ LfjH YeSiCj/j&k. LS/lX ijghkdxjH Qgk rr


t' K=yji[ K!ldhk; LrjilgUaln[ . LiG ehj i[ Lrk>is/Mk. LS/lX r~j Svlpj&k.î tÔl
C :iCUs/mlR elmj#. f*xksm dn)jH ehjC snlgk rri[ ? >Ên\jsRy Kma eyÉkî ycoSh
SvGs\qkfjulH ]sf(jhk; LrkiprJu SaDh aq rrÉk. r~j eyÉkî wr*X dlnk;ijP;
ujH vjhiqj&[ : ehjCujHrj'[ fmj chla\l Lf[ érrÉ >lz;ê rjr)[ akdxjH si)lalujgk
)n;. : c;DU plrPG+; sv$lR Selhk; elmj#. 'js#? iÖj)k'iR r+jH seMir#.ê 66
r#irlu L#l|k r#f[ alYfSa cIJdgj)o. >Ê
em&isr Semjuj#l\ eh d&im)lgk; d&
nelrJu*X, ic[ Yf;, elG/jm;, rjG~r[ P vjhik
im&g)kdxksm Sdm[ dlnlfjgj)lR tsÔ(jhk;
dX, c)l\[ sdlmk)H, rjdkfjum)H, cICgJg
QMj&k; Sdm[ i ' clPr; seMj)mjujhl)juk;, glc
s\ ije\jHrj'k; svyk)H fkm*ju ulsflgk
YpiU*X KeSulzj&k; clPr*X >;zjSulsm wr
dlgU\jrk; ehjCujHrj'[ YeSulwrs/mk\lif#.
*X)[ ak'jH YepGCj/j)lyk![ . aËk vjhG cl
YefUkf em&isRy CjÊ >u'[ selmk'sr Lfj
Pr; il*juiR fjgj&[ SelulH Sdmkigk;ijP;
Hrj'k; gÊs/mkduln[ Si!f[ .
Sdmki' clPr\jsRy C~[ p ; fH)lh; T#lfl
)k'k. LfkSelsh clPr\jsRy dlhliPji&k=
d&im&g)jsRy rUorf fj$fjalËk'k. Ls#(jH clPr; il*lsr\k'i
sr clPr; Srl)lSrl, vjdulSrl, gkvj Srl)l
ay&ksi)H Srl c+fj)lsf ijH)k'k. il|r*xk; uYÔ*
xk; ijH)k'iG aj)S/lqk; dkyikdX iUd[ f al
*,"+ 
:^ 6 [ *\Q Š! l*& I V%)  3 $ .Y ) )lyj#. Tsf#l; rj<jp[ P aln[ . r~j eyÉk.î
(( O !B " v I 6 ; <  )) : g . K% ! I [ *#  „ Š7 %*4 F " b c6 T @ 7 %*4 F'"  [ 7 %*4 $ ))
 '%!A    )) :( @ 3  .Y 6 }n F4" * I : ( (( " +  TH v* ) K!* 
(( +  {* % žz *# O q+" :6 * !B " ‚ * éQgk akc[ h j; asËlgk akc[ h jajsRy cS|lpgrln[ .
]sflgk akc[ h jak; fsRy cS|lpgr[ i# Sdmkak
L#l|kijsRy ycoH doMjsi& >Ên eplGF
\jsRy Lgjdjhosm rm'[ SeldkSÙlX fsRy d$[ 66
akc[hj; 1 î 99
\njn²§Ä 91 \njn²§Ä 92

= clPr; ijH)k'ksi(jH : Sdm[ Lir[ il*j/j)kilrk; vg)kdX)[ ijhduËj eyuk'


iUd[fal)j sdlmkS)!fln[ . ê 67 fjsruln[ rwC[ t'[ eyuk'f[.
rUorfdX ay&ksi&[ vg)kdX ijËqj)k'I
gjH vjhG il*lsr\k'iSglm[ egcUShh; ijxj
r~j  eyÉk. î (( yA+ > T ))
&ln[ f*xksm fmjuogk'f[. T\g; d&im*X érj*X éLrUsg eËj)kilRê egc[ eg; clPr\j
'[ ijh duËj eyugkf[. ê 69
LrkYz|aË d&imaluln[ YeilvdR YeDUlej
)k'f[. rwC[ d&im; sdlmju iÖrulsn'fjH c;C
uaj#. r~j eyÉk.î
F
" WY  +   (^I '01 @ ( f6 *7"  Y E'" 0!S &'"))
(( Y+"  $!6 ^E'" '- F'" ))
((F
!*  $ *,g c  F   ; '0 H @ F
!*   édkfYÔ*xk; vfjYeSulz*xk; rgdlz[rjujhln[.ê 70
éil*k'irk; ijH)k'irk; ijH)k'jm\[ rj'[ egcU ijH/r&ÔdX, Shh*X, il|r ij
SiGejgjul\jmS\lx; dlh; éclPr; il*lrk; H/rc[ Fh*X fkm*ju SaDhdxjsh aj) p#lxk
Sis!'[ si)lrk;ê cIlfYÔUak=igln[ . g!lxk; algkSmuk; cÙlpU*X LfjrJvaln[ . LYf alYf;
cfUcr[ P f ekhG\kduk; dlgU*X iUd[fal)k Si!l\g*X LiG Lijsmi&[ sv$lyk![ . Tf
duk; svu[f lH Ligksm d&im; LrkYz|akËfl gsg eËj)lR clPr*xksm ijh doMj/yukilR
uj. Trj g!lxk; d=\g; dlnj)kduk; dkyik egc[ /g; Q'j)k'k. clPr; LigkSmflsn(jH
dX ay&[ si)kduk; svu[flH Ligksm d&im; T#l\ ijhSeCj egcUShh; svu[fk; il*lsr
LrkYz|aËfluj. ê 68 \k'isg ejqjÉk; Lxkdsx SYpl|j&k; p#lxkalG
sv$k' sfËkdX rjgiPjuln[ .
rwC[ d&im;
clPr; il*lrlYz|j)l\iG aËk=isg i- wkakL~l(jr[ SC<ak= d&im;
Öj)kilrk; Lisgs)l![ domkfH ijhduËj L#l|k eyuk'k.î

67 69
T~[ r kalw 2î754, LH~lrj, cI|J|kHwlajL[ 6705 ~kDlgj.
68 70
~kDlgj. LH~lrj, cjHcjh cI|J|. 1057
\njn²§Ä 93 \njn²§Ä 94

ِ‫الْ ُج ُم َع ة‬ ‫ص َال ةِ ِم ن َي ْو ِم‬ َّ ‫ين آ َم نُ وا إ ِ َذ ا نُ و ِد ي ل ِل‬ َ ‫َي ا أ َ ُّي َھ ا ال َّ ِذ‬ éL#l|kijsr Pj)gj&ksdl![ Qgk ark<Urk; ul
sflgk Lrkcgnikaj#.ê 71
‫إ ِن ُك نتُ ْم‬ َّ ‫فَ اسْ َع ْو ا إ ِلَ ى ِذ ْك ِر‬
‫ ِ َو َذ ُر وا الْ َب ْي َع َذ لِ ُك ْم َخ ْي ٌر ل َّ ُك ْم‬-
َ ‫َت عْ لَ م‬
‫ُون‬ voflM;
cfUijCIlcjdSx, si=julq[ v rac[) lg\jr[ L#l|k eyuk'k. î
ijxj)s/MlH L=l|ksi/Ëjuk= c[ a gnujSh)[
rj*X Siz\jH igjduk;, iUlelg; Qqjil)kduk;
‫ب‬ ُ ‫صا‬ َ ‫ين آ َم نُ واْ إ ِ َّن َم ا الْ َخ ْم ُر َو الْ َم ْي ِس ُر َو األ َن‬
َ ‫َي ا أ َ ُّي َھ ا ال َّ ِذ‬
sv$kd. Lfln[ rj*X)[ K\a; rj*X dlgU; ‫ان فَ اجْ َت نِ بُوه ُ لَ َع ل َّ ُك ْم‬
ِ ‫ط‬ َّ ‫َو األَ ْز ال َمُ ِر جْ سٌ مِّنْ َع َم ِل ال‬
َ ‫ش ْي‬
arÍjhl)k'ksi(jH  [ij.dIk. 62 î11] َ ‫تُ ْف ل ِ ُح‬
‫ون‬
apUik; voflMik; Yefj<[ A uk; YeC[ r ; si&k Srl
vjh d&im)lG f*xksm dmdxjhk; e=jdX )lrk= LÙkdxk; sseClvjdalu pkGi{\jdX
)[ ak'jhk; D\J~[ ajÙyjH duyjufjrk SC<ak alYfaldk'k. LfjrlH rj*X Lsfls) iGw[ w j
= ~ls(lhj akq)s/MjMk; f*xksm d&im*xjH )kd. rj*X)[ ijwu; Yelej)l;. [ij.dIk. 5î90]
fkmgk'k. Tf[ rj<jp[Paln[ . e#[ Sf)lrk= Qgk
Lyl)jsRy sdl=julsn(jhk; LigjHrj'[ il wl|jhjul dlh; ak*j)kxj& Qgk pkGi{\ju
*k'igk; ele\jH LiSglsml/; e(lxjdxln[ , sYf voflM;. e\[ SeG Qgk QMd\jH fkhU e(k
d&imaldsM en[ @jfØlgksm Ye~hl>jYeluYedl dlglikduk; LÙkdXsdl!k= Qgk YeSfUd ryk
g; ~lfIjhk;. vjh S|lMH, S~)yj, Eld[ m yj t'j s)mk/jhosm ]q[ SeG)[ iUfUc[ F ij|jf; rHdk
iuksm KmadX f*xksm Swlhj)lsg wkakLÈ ra duk; ao'[ S eG)[ ij|jf; fmukduk; sv$k' vo
c[ ) lg cau\[ S elhk; Swlhj)[ rjG~r[ P j)k'k. flMgJfjulujgk'k L'[ Yecjp[ P ;. T'lisM vofl
T\g)lG)[ ~l|Ualuj hl>; Ks!(jhk; uFlG M\jr[ iUfUc[f goe*xln[.
f[ F\jH r<[ m a#lsf asËl'kaj#. Swlhj)lgrl  >lzU)kyj voflMaln[ . Lf[ iUledaluj d![
isM YeilvdsRy fjgksalqjurkcgj&[ YeiG\j igk'f[ rÙykdX ijh)[ ijH)kduk; ej
)H LrjilgU aln[ . 'Jm[ ryks)mk/jhosm Q'[, g![ t'j*sr
c+lrlG|sg sfgsÉmk)kduk; ehijP
r~j  eyÉk. ( ( w"Ÿ  h*!  Šy& "  ) T ))
71
~kDlgj, akc[hj;.
\njn²§Ä 95 \njn²§Ä 96

c+lr*X ijwujdxksm c[ Flrarkcgj&[ Q'[î CyTulu hÊUak=f[ . QMd aHcg;, dkfjg


rHdkduk; sv$k' gJfjuln[ . ">lzU)kyj /Ôu;, LsÙu[ \ [, K'; Srl)H, en[ @ jfØlgk
wr rØ)[" t' SaH ijhlc\jhlulHSel sm Ye~halu L>jYeluYedlg; afijw[ B lr*xj
hk; Tf[ rj<jp[ P aln[ . hk= aHcg*X fkm*j c+lr; rjC[ v uj&lisM
 SzleUalu Qgk ic[fk K=jhl)j Qgk d&i L#lflisM Ti selfksi LrkiprJualn[ .
m&g)[ ijH)kd, clPr; il*k'iG)[ r g![ î cIu; LrkiprJualuf[. rz[ r f sixjs/mk
ÙykdX rHdkduk; ej'Jm[ ryks)mk/jhosm \lsf, rac[ ) lg; r<[ m s/mk\lsf, LfkSelsh
c+lrlG|glu ijwujdsx sfgsÉmk)kd rj<jp[ P *xjHrj'[ akd[ f alu QlMaHcgik; eÔ[
uk; sv$kd t' gJfjuk; >lzU)kyjukSmf[ dxjuk; Tfjrkpl|gnaln[ . eÔuajs#(jH Tf[
fs'. LrkiprJualn[ .
 sdlSaq[c UH Lmjc[ Flr\jhk= TR<oyR
c[ voflM\jsRy Qgk :Pkrjdgoealn[. wJ ao'[î cIu; rj<jp[ P aluSfl Ls#(jH rj<jp[ P
ir[ , il|r*X)[ , d&im&g)kdX)[ , fJ *X)[ iqj Qgk)k'Sfl :uf[ . cOÕgU aHcg;,
ejmk\\jsrfjgjH, selfkr<[ Sml\gilpj\ S~ld[c j;z[ , akMrlm[ Selg[, SdlqjS/lg[ akfhlui
\jr[ , SfG}[ elGMj TR<oyRc[ fkm*j vjh Tfjrkpl|gnaln[ .
zludG f*xksm C~[ p *X isg TR<oG
sv$lyk![.
Tfk;, TfkSelsh en;si&[ dxjuksm caYz
goe*xk; voflM\jsRy egjPjujhlnkXs/mkd. T
'[ voflM\jr[ YeSfUd; d[ x ^kdxk; Þp YzJR Sm
~jXc[ ß t' Segjhyjus/mk' Sipjdxk;, eÔ[ Sal<n;
dxj Selhs\ aHcg*xjsh eÔu*xk;, vjh dxj L#l|k eyuk'kî
)x*xjhk; ckDilc SdYÕ*xjhk; voflMs\
SYelHcl|j/j)kaly[ YeSfUd dxjdxk; iUledaluj ‫ط عُواْ أ َ ْي ِد َي ھُ َم ا َج َز اء بِ َم ا َك َس َب ا‬
َ ‫ار قَ ُة فَ ا ْق‬
ِ ‫ار ُق َو ال َّس‬
ِ ‫َو ال َّس‬
d![ igk'k. ٌ‫ ُ َع ِز ي ٌز َح كِي م‬- ّ ‫ ِ َو‬-
ّ ‫َن َك اال ً م َِّن‬
Sal<[m j)k'iSRyuk; Sal<[m j)k'ixkSmuk;
aHcg*xk; eÔu*xk; ao'[ Tr*xln[ î
ssddX rj*X akyj&kdxukd. LiG cÙlpj&
\njn²§Ä 97 \njn²§Ä 98

fjrk= YefjEhik; L#l|kij(Hrj'k= alf{dl 'irlujgk'k LiR. LiR éimjsdl![ sdlxk\j


egalu CjÊukalnf[ . L#l|k Yeflejuk; ukd[fj ihj&[ê d)k'f[ :gksmsu(jhk; YCp[ P ujH seMlH
alrkaldk'k. [ij.dIk. 5î38] LiR Lf[ tsRy imjujH dkmk*juflsn'[ e
iRdxikSdckdxjHseMfln[ dL[ ~\jSh yuk;. :gk; d!js#(jH dM clPrikaluj c[ F
)[ |w[w jrk; K;y)k; igk'isg sdl= sv$H. h; ijmk;.ê 72
T\g; segk;d=ØlG L#l|kijsRy ijCkp[ P aÕj selfkakfH Le|gj)H Lfj dkËdgaln[.
gegjcg\j'k; eknU>oaj)k; rjC[ v uj)s/M rju aËk=iG d)kSÙlX rl; tÔjr[ Srl)j rjH)
aegjPjdX)[ ulsflgk egjznruk; rHdk'j# n; t'[ eyÉln[ ehgk; selfkcI\[ ejmk*ly[.
t'k fs' Sin; eyulR. r~j Yz|n rac[ eSÊ selfkcI\[ selfksi t#l akc[ h J;*xkSm
)lg\jH d! Lf[ >kf; ijigj)Si T*sr uk; PraldulH cdhgjHrj'k; Sal<[ m j)k'fjr[
eyÉk. fkhUaln[ L\g; dxikdX. pjiU >uaj#l\igksm
sryjSdm[ ]f[ g;z\k; LrkdgnJuika# flrk;.
 E  _*[Q> 5 F  *6Y k  *7$- "N Y+" =nA *^g" ) ) LijCIlcjdxlsn' dlgn; eyÉ[ Lakc[
hj;dxksm akfhkdX Le|gj)k'igk![ . Tfk;
v I 
,*6Y V  @ 
cf" *#  +& h 6 '0 Cgju#. dlgn; cI\[ ejmjs&mk)H LrkiprJu
aluf[ akc[ hj;dSxlm[ ukp[P ; YeDUlej&igjHrj'k
‚ *46 0 @ Y+ "  [ :n!* ] &*h$( s ƒ6 #ƒ*c F'" alYf;. domlsfuk= dÙrjdxk; iUd[ f jdxk; Lfj
Hrj'[ Qqjiln[ .
@ + ƒ*c F w%!> F5 H : ( " # B $ '0 1 @ + ƒ*c F  “c'" LrUgksm Sel)Ëmj)kd, LrUgksm cÕGCd
rlujs&'[ Sal<[ m j)kd, LFjfjuluj igk'isRy
((  v< N *+ )  f$z '0 H seMjujH rj'[ ejmk*kd, d&im dmdxjH duyj
érgzldlz[ r juksm vkmkw[ w Ilh ejmjdomkSalsu'[ >u vjh c[ YfJdX sv$lyk=f[ Selsh ic[ Yf\jhk;
vdjfrluj ej'jSh)[ alyk'fluj rj*X d! Sel)Ëjhk; clPr*X Lmj&kalËjsi)kd, fkm*j
SixujH t'jSh)[ rgd; sdl![ i gs/Mk. L* uisu#l; LrUgjHrj'[ Le|gj)k'fjsRy alG
sr BlR LYz; ixÉ imj)lgsr fsRy dkmH Ï*xln[ . vjhG dky&k; ijh dkyÉfkalu clPr
alh rgdlz[ r jujH ihj&jq)k'fluj d!k. fsRy
LYz; ixÉ imjsdl![ |lwjalsg sdl= rm\k
72
akc[hj;î 904
\njn²§Ä 99 \njn²§Ä 100

ْ ُ ْ َ ُ ْ
ِ ‫َو ال َ َت أ ُك ل واْ أ ْم َو الَ ُك م َب ْي َن ُك م بِ ال بَاطِ ِل َو تُ ْد ل واْ بِ َھ ا إ ِلَى ال ُح َّك‬
*X d)k'f[ hlZi~kp[P jSulsmuln[ Srl)j ‫ام‬
َ ‫اس بِ اإلِ ْث ِم َو أ َن تُ ْم َت ْع لَ م‬ ْ
ِ ‫ل ِ َت أ ُك ل ُواْ فَ ِر يقً ا مِّنْ أ َ ْم َو ا ِل ال َّن‬
)lnk'f[. r~j  eyuk'fldsM,î
‫ُون‬
‚ *46 @ : ^6 GB'g  u* &'" ‚*46 ‚ Y4" } #!" ))
LrUlualuj rj*X LSrUlrU; cI\k)X fj'gk
(( : ^6 G B'g   *&c'" f[. LyjÉksdl![ fs' :xkdxksm cI\k)xjH
é ems\l/j Sal<n; rm\kduk; LfjsRy SegjH rj'[ ehfk; LPlG+jdaluj Srmjsumk\[ fj'k
ssd SVpj)s/mkduk; sv$k', duG d)kduk; ilR Si!j rj*xfkaluj ijPjdG\l)sx caJej
LfjrlH ssd akyj)s/mkduk; sv$k' d=sr )kduk; sv$gkf[.  [ij.dIk. 2î188]
L#l|k Cej&jgj)k'k.ê 73
L~o|kyu[ y ijHrj'[ yjS/lGM[ sv$k' |
L#l|kijSh)[ fO~ svu[ f [ am*ju SC<; pJcjH TYedlg; dlnl;î
dsMmk\ ic[ f k LfjsRy KmaujSh)[ egcUal
Sul g|cUalSul SrgjSMl asËlglX akSDrSul ( ( 7'- c'"   y> * F '"  M " } #!" ))
fjgj&krHdH rjG~r[ P aln[ . clPr\jsRy Kma éijPjujH ssd)ohj sdlmk)k'iSruk; il*k'
SuSul LrÔglidlCjdSxSul ixsg LSrI<j&j iSruk; L#l|k Cej&jgj)k'k.ê 74
Mk; ds!\jujs#(jH YefjEh; Kma)[ h>j)sM t'lH ssd)ohjuj#lsf Qgk LidlC; Sr
t' KS`CS\lsm : clPr; plr; sv$n;. mlSrl LYda; LdËlSrl dqjuk'js#(jH LS/lX
c;>ij)k'f[ akdxjH eyÉ fl)JfjsRy egjPj
ujH semj#.
ssd)ohj
T'[ t*ksa*k; ssd)ohj iUlej&dlhaln[.
cfU; dkqj&kaomlrk; LcfU; rm/jhl)lrk; vjh KSpUlzc[ FØlG)[ CÙxs\)lX ssd)ohj
rUlulPjeØlG)k; ijPjdG\l)X)k; aËk; ssd Prlzar alGÏaln[. alYfa#, eh dÙrjdxkSmuk;
)ohj rHdH dkËdgaln[ . ijPjujH LrJfjuk; ~wËkdxjsh LiCUZmdaluj ssd)ohj alyjujgj
LidlCjdSxlm[ LYdaik; iUledalu dkq/*xk; )k'k. ]flrk; t#l Tmelmkdxksmuk; fkm)ik;
Lfk aohak!ldk'k. L#l|k eyuk'k.

73 74
~kDlgj. L|ap[ 2î 387, LH~lrj, cI|J|kHwlajL[ î 5069
\njn²§Ä 101 \njn²§Ä 102

Qmk)ik; ssddohjsdl![ alYf;. pgjYp wrf Lfj >oaj dS$yhk; LYedlg; fs', Lfjrk= CjÊ
rlH d<[ m f Lrk>ij)k'k. K\gilpj\*X Km&[ uldsM LfjdAjrik;.
ilG)s/mk'k. sflqjHClhdxjsh Swlhj)lG Swl L~[ p k#l|j~[ r k KayjHijHrj'[ TYedlg;
hj)kq/*X c{<[m j)k'k. K\aScir; Ldaqj rjSipr; sv$s/Mjgj)k'k.
É[ ssd)ohj rHdk'iG)kalYf;. ssd)ohj rH
djuiR ssidjsu\julhk; akÙjH i'isr ej'j *6  4[ †g * ` KL* M ‹*Y=J' #  ;[ *#  ))
hl)j LiR dlgU; SrmjSeldk'k. Swlhj)lgksm
LidlCalu cÙ\kdX Tmelmkdxjsh p#lxkal (( k ¢Y G*&. V"H  g'"
gksm dJCujH duyj eËk'k. TYfuk; plgknaln[ é:sg(jhk; LrUlualuj >oajujHrj'[ i#fksamk
ssd)ohjuksm Lic[F su(jH LfjsRy e(keËj \lH LÔUrlxjH ]qk>oajdX)mjujSh)[ LiR
uluj wJij)k'iSguk; LfjsRy vgm[ ihj)k' flq[ \ s/mk;.ê 76
iSguk; r~j Cej&fjH Lf[>kfaj#. L~[ p k#l uL[ h ~[r k akGylijHrj'k; Kp[ P gj)k'
|j~[ r k L;y[  ijH rj'[ rjSipr;, ycohk=l|j |pJcjH TYedlg; dlnl;.
eyÉkî
:d f*c6 '0 } df% ‹*Y=J #  K*& M 7 %| Š AY F s6 ))
((  y >* F'"  M" V%) 3 $+!" ))
éssddohj il*k'iSRyuk; sdlmk)k'iSRyuk; @ kd ¢Y G*&.  [Ž £$%*&6 V [ : u*c6 : 5&B"  ]
SaH L#l|kijsRy Cle; iG<j)sM.ê 75
(( q+" #*  Vu'g 6 V  g'" *6 $(SB 6 7$?
>oaj dS$yH é]sflglxlSnl Qgk vlN >oaj LfjYdaaluj tmk
)k'f[ ét(jHê L#l|k LiSrlm[ ]qk >oajdxksm
pjiU>u; T#l\iG)[ KO)k; Lmik; ijeH :q\jSh)[ dkqj)lR éfI~[ y lrjuksm yjS/lGMjH
)galuj alylyk![ . L\g)lG f*xksm akqkiR >oajdX |lwyl)lRê dH/j)kduk; LÔUrlxjH
Cd[ f juk; fYÔik; LrUgksm cI\[ d$jhl)lrk;, wr*X)jmujH ijPjdH/j)k'fkisg é: >oaj
LfjH :PjefU; svhk\lrkaln[ KeSulzj)kd.

75 76
T~[ r kalw 2313, LH~lrj, cI|J|kH wlajL[î5114 ~kDlgj.
\njn²§Ä 103 \njn²§Ä 104

sdl![ ê Lir[ dn[A l>gn; Lnjuj)kduk; sv uksm selgkX Lflnyjuj)k'f[ . QglX :f[ alG
$k;.ê 77 f[ Faluj fsRy epij KeSulzj&[ Lgkfl\i)[
c[ Fh*xksm Lfjgkdxk; LfjgkdX fjgj&yj doMkrjH)lsf LidlC*X |rj)lsf fsRy
ulrk= Lmulx*xk; alËj cIÔ; >oaj ijClhal cS|lpgR akc[h jajHrj'[ QgYda; svyk)kdSul,
)k' cYÙplu; TfjHs/Mfln[. Qgk rØ Srmjs)lmk)kdSul sv$k'f[ YefjEhl
G|aln[ . r~j eyÉkî ( (   A*R >  ! f *M  ) )
(( ‹*Y=J' Y+  z *# } #!" ))
éCkelGC sv$kiJR rj*X)fjr[ YefjEh; h>j
é>oajujsh Lmulx*xX alËk'isr L#l|k Cej )k;.ê 80
)sM,ê 78 T\gsalgk CkelGCS)l, ap[ P Uc[ FfS)l, clÊj
ulihjSrl edg; eËlR elmk=f#. L~o Kala
ijHrj'[ rjSipr;î
[ 
* %)] K6 ^ < " x^*<Q @ K )fM i^ =J GfM *# ))
CkelGC)[ zjE[Ë[ cIJdgj)H. (( S" ˆ*  *#  KF ” ) K V> *^ g [ *+  ] 
%&g
rÕj dlnj)k' LmjulØlG)[ L#l|kij(H
rj'k= LrkYz|dmlÊaln[ c[ Flralr*xk; Se éQglX :Gs)(jhk; Qgk CkelGC sv$kduk; t
gk; segkauk;. akc[ h j;dX)[ Kedlgs/mkaly[ TO 'jM[ éCkelGCdr[ YefjEhalujê Qgk zjEË[ caG/j
LrkYz|*X vjhiqj)H L#l|kijSrlmk= rÕj )kduk; Lirf[ cIJdgj)kduk; svu[ flH ehjC
Yedmraln[ . r~j Lgkxjî uksm ehdilm*xjH Q'jhlniR t\js/Mf[ . ê 81
vjhulxkdX f*xksm cl'jp[ P Uik; c[ Flr
( ( ' !'f '% :[  G f*+6 '0 *7$-*+  „ B *.  *# )) ik; Qglsx SwlhjujH SvG)lSrl, c[ Fh;alË; rH
éfsRy cS|lpgr[ Kedlg; sv$kilR clPj)k' dlSrl, Sglzjsu vjdjHcj)lSrl ijrjSulzj)k
iR LYedlg; svu[fksdl=sM.ê 79 t' fjgksalqj SÙlX edgaluj en; rHdnsa'[ rj~r[ P r

79
akc[hj; 4 î 1726
77 80
fI~[ y lrj 22î270, LH~lrj, cI|J|kHwlajL[ î 2719 ~kDlgj, akc[hj;.
78
akc[hj; 81 L|[ a p[ 5î 261, LH~lrj, cI|J|kHwlajL[ î 6292
\njn²§Ä 105 \njn²§Ä 106

si)lyk![ . en[ }jfØlgksm Ye~halu L>jYelu;, Swlhj svu[ fir[ dohj sesM'[ rHdk'f[
SaH/yÉ L~o Kalauksm |pJcjsRy Lmjc[ Fl SYelHcl|j/j&[ YeilvdR eyÉkî
r\jH TO c;DU |ylaln[ t'ln[ . alYfa# akR
doMj rj~r[ P rsi&js#(jhk; edg/n; eËlR el (( (* ) ƒ6 '0  *&( :*A ~A=J $B*)  ))
mjs#'[ |pJcjsRy ~l|Ugoe; sfxjuj)kduk; édohj)lgr[ LisRy dohj ijuG/[ iËk; akÙ[ rj
sv$k'k. ckd{f; sv$k'iG)[ LÔUrlxjhk= *X rHdn;.ê 83
L#l|kijsRy YefjEh; tÙlmk; afjuldk'fl akc[ h j;cao|\jH T'[ selfksi d!kigk'
n[ . |cr[ T~rk c|[ H ijsRy Lmk)Sh)[ Qgk LrUluYeiG\r*xjH seMfln[ Swlhj)lG)k;
:iCU rjG%|n\jr[ CkelGC sv$nsa'liCU dohj)lG)k; KSpUlzc[ FØlG)k; Sifr; rHdl
s/M[ i' QglX dlgU; clPj&S/lX iJ!k; rÕj fjgj)H. eh rjh)ln[ ehgk; T\g; LidlC
eyulR |cRijsr caJej&k. LS/lX |cR *X fmuk'f[ .
LiSglm[ eyÉkî “rS+lsmÔjr[ fl(X rÕj eyu 1. sflqjhlxjuksm LidlC; eoGÑaluk; |rj)H.
n;? cI\jr[ rjG~r[ P plrak=fkSelsh c[ Flr LisRy d$jH iUd[falu sfxjij#l\fjrlH
alr; h>j&fjrk; plr; rHdnsa' L>jYelu)l aËk=iG)[ LrJfj dlnj)lR Lf[ :);
doMk'k. T\g)lgksm LidlC; >oShld\[
grln[ BlR.” 82 r<[m s/Mlhk; LÔUrlxjH L#l|kijsRy fjgk
Tijsm QgkdlgU; covj/j)k'f[ r'lujgj)k;. cl'jp[ P U\jH rjS<Pj)s/mj#. dlgn; LYd
LFil QglX fsRy Tmelm[ rm\lSrl SaHSrlM; aj aG`jfsRy cÙ\[ fj'ln[ egShld\[ |l
i|j)lSrl Qglsx dohj)[ rjG\julhf[ Lrkip wyl)s/mk'sf(jH LYdajuksm cH)G+*
rJualu ilmduksm idk/jhln[ semkd. t'lH X tmk\[ LYdaj)s/Mir[ rHds/mk;. aG`d
Qgk c[ Flr\jgj)k'iR CkelGC sv$lR edg;
R cH)G+g|jfrlsn(jH LYdaj)s/Mi
eËk' en; rj<jp[ P aln[ . g!k; f+jH ihju LÔ sRy fjØdX : rj<[ m ogsRySaH SvGs\qkfj
gak![ . rgdlz[rjujSh)[ LiR tmks\yjus/mk;.
2. Sifr; eoGÑaluj rHdlsfuk; LrG|aluj
Sifr; eoGÑaluj rHdlfjgj)H dky&k; Swlhj)lgsr vo<n; sv$H.
L#l|k eyuk'k. î

83
82 T~[ r kakE[h j|[, LH :pl~k CyTu. 2 î176 T~rkalw 2î817, LH~lrj, cI|J|kHwlajL[ 1493
\njn²§Ä 107 \njn²§Ä 108

‫ِين‬ َ ‫َو ْي لٌ ل ِّلْ ُم‬


َ ‫ط فِّ ف‬ sÔ(jhk; SrM; sdl$kdSul sv$lsas'ls)
uln[ akfhlxjuksm vjÔ. pgjYprlu sflqj
hlxjulisM rjfUi{\jS)l, dkmk;~\jrk; dkMj
LxijH dky)k'iG)[ rlC;. [ij.dIk. 83î1]
dX)k; Lu&k sdlmk)lSrl idsul'k; dl
vjh uwalrØlG CÙx; rjC[ v uj&[ ijSpC*xj
nk'j#flrk;. Siprlwrdalu Qgk pjic\j
Hrj'[ Swlhj)lsg sdl!kigjduk; SC<;
sRy Clealn[ T\g; akfhlxjalG)[ . L~o
SwlhjujH SvG'[ Swlhj fkm*julH iJ!ksal
gj)Hdomj iUic[ F eyÉ[ dohj dky&[ rjG~ |kyu[ y ijHrj'[ rjSipr; sv$k' Qgk |pJ
r[ P j&[ rjG\k' cYÙplu; TfjH seMfln[ . cjH TYedlg; dlnl;. r~j eyÉk.
:ihlfjdX L#l|kijSh)[ KuG\kilr#l
sf LidlC*X c[ Flej)lRSelhk; LCd[f
:  g'" *6 *7
F*h[ 5  ? ? : V"!> } ( ))
glujgj)k; Swlhj)lG. T\g; LYdajdxlu @ +F?   ¤  „  AY @Y^ z 7 $?  VB *)   AY
uwalrØlG akc[ h j;dxk; Swlhj)lG Lakc[h j;
dxkalulHSelhk; Tflnic[ F. T*sruk= (( :*A B*! 6 *7 " *+  V * *. K~A  A'Q*.   AY
vo<n; rjaj\; LijCIlcjdX sspi alGÏ\j
Hrj'[ fmus/mk' c[ FjfjijSC<ak!lulH éL#l|k eyÉkî LÔUrlxjH ao'[ doMgksm
LfjsRy domj ele>lg; uwalrØlG SeSy!j dÊjulujgj)k; BlR. QglX tsRy SegjH
igk;. rHdj ej'Jm[ iÖj&k, QglX Qgk cIfYÔsr
3. L}J<nH Swlhj rHdkdSul, Swlhjcau; ijË[ dlCl)j : en; fj'k, QglX Qglsx
doMkdSul svu[f[ CÙx; doMjsdlmk)lfjgj)k dohj)[ ijxj&[ eoGÑaluj Swlhj sv$j)kduk;
duk;, QliG ssmajsRy ssec sdlmk)lfjgj t'jM[ dohj sdlmk)lfjgj)kduk; svu[fk.ê 84
)kduk; sv$H. cÔlr\jH vjhSglm[
4. dohj sdlmk)k'fjH LalÔ; dlnj)H. sfl
qjhlxjdX ehfin YCaj&fjrk; ~kp[ P jakMju
PrijrjSulz\jH SiGfjgji[
fjrk; Sdlmfjsu caJej&fjrk; SC<aln[ eh dlnj)H.
gk; CÙx; rHdly[ . sflqjhlxj amk)kSÙlX
LidlC; ds$lqj)nsa'k; Ls#(jH TO
CÙx; ehjC)[ rHdkdSul Lf[ s dl![ asË 84
~kDlgj.
\njn²§Ä 109 \njn²§Ä 110

PrijrjSulz\jhk; c|luPr\jhksa#l;
a)xjH vjhsg vjhsg)lX akRznr rHdlR : i6Y   @ d  d B) \ G A   : ( (( *7d$ \ T
vjhG fkrjulyk![ . Sglz; vjdjÎj)lR, dm; iJ
MlR, r# dlgU*X)[ SYelHcl|rsaS'ln;
(( ŠY*A V%) ^ 
*M $ T S5 1 '0 NH 5 *^
*y >   ))
c+lr; rHdH, Swlhjuj#l\fjrlH, dkmk;~ >l LS`|; eyuk'k.î LS`|\jsRy ejfli[ LS`|
g; dky)lR, ijpU>Ulc; fkm*ju Tc[ hlajdalu s\uk;sdl![ L#l|kijsRy ycoHuksm Lmk
clPodgnaj#lsf cÔlr*xjH vjhsg sfgsÉ )H sv'[ eyÉk. "BlR tsRy TO ekYfr[ Qgk
mk)hk; sdlmk)hk; sfËlsn'ln[ Ye~halu Lmjasu c+lrj&k. L#l|kijsRy ycoH ey
en[@ jfaf;. Tc[ h lajdalu clPodgn; aË[ a) Ék.î érjsRy t#l a)X)k; Tf[ Selsh plr;
xjH d!lH LiG)k; c|lu; rHdksa'ldn; rHdjSul? LS`|; eyÉkî T#. LS/lX L#l|k
ejflijsRy KS`C Ckp[ P j. L#l|k eyÉk.î
ijsRy ycoH eyÉkî t(jH Lf[ fjgj&[ il*k
... َ - ُ ‫ اعْ ِد ل ُواْ ھ َُو أ َ ْق َر‬...
ّ ْ‫ب ل ِل َّت ْق َو ى َو ا َّت قُوا‬ d." asËlgk yjS/lGMjH ycoH TYedlg; eyÉk î
Þ…rj*X rJfj elhj)kd, Lfln[ PG+ rj<[ m rj*X L#l|ksi coÊj)kduk; a)X)jmujH
Sulm[ ]Ëik; Lmk\f[ . rj*X L#l|ksi coÊj rJfjdlnj)kduk; sv$kd. LS/lX ejfli[ fjgj
&[ igjduk; plr; f'f[ fjgj&[ il*kduk; sv-
)kd...Þ [ij.dIk. 5î8]
u[ fk. Tal; akc[ hjajsRy yjS/lGMjHî r~j ey
TO ijCkp[ P cod[ f \jH selfkijhk; rkL[a l Ék.î t(jH fl(X ts' clÊjul)gkf[ dlg
rk~[ r k ~<JGijHrj'k=, flsq KÓgj)k' | n; BlR LYda\jr[ clÊj rjH)kduj#.ê 85
pJcjH YeSfUdaluk; TO ij<u\jH sfxji[ pGCj LrÔglidlCcI\[ ij|jf; si)k; Yedlg; Qgk
)l;. ekgk<r[ c[ Y fJuksm gS!l|gj rHdn;. Tal; L
,'%c5 S5H :  g @  3  .Y V"H  V> : 0  ) |[ ap[  ijsRy L>jYelu; Tfln[ . 86

'% c5 W ^ " $ )) : 3 $ .Y  g @ K$z  ;< +* 
85
(( *!A*YQ )) : 3 $  . Y g . T : g (( O %'‡  86
~kDlgj , akc[hj;.
aclThkH Tal;L|[ a p[ î 204, Tal; T~[ r kH D$j;
# *  $" ^*) = $g> )): 3 $ .Y  g i6Y ¥ TO ekc[ f d\jr[ Lmj)kyj/[ f$lyl)juS/lX TO
ij<u; :Pjdlgjdaluj ijigj&jMk![.
\njn²§Ä 111 \njn²§Ä 112

vjh dkmk;~cl|vgU*xjSh)[ dSÑlmj&lH


L#l|kijsr >uaj#l\ ejfl)X a)xjH vjhG @ 7+
A FA *#   ‡'-*46 F51 +*` 6  :^*+ ) Q. *#))
vjhSglm[ eduk=igldlrk; LigjH egc[eg; ij
SpI<ik; TOG<Ufuk; ixG\kilrk; LiG)jmujH
Y*^d( : ( O $"Q*4F'" !  `&*+> T t ;" V+ `'"  :"(
SiGfjgji[ dlnj)lyk![ . vjhS/lX ejf{iUØlSglm[
clp{CUaks!' rjh)[ : a)X)[ akRznr. L
(( Sy! 6  6S^` 6 
+liØlSglm[ clp{CUglsn(jH Liznr. Lf[ é:sg(jhk; frj)[ afjuluf[ fsRy Lmk)hk!l
Selsh g!jH Qgk >lgUuksm a)X)[ K'f ijpUl ujgjs) ulvj&lH LiR rgdlz[ r jujsh fJ)r
>Ulcik; egjznruk;. aËk a)X)[ Srsg Liz hkdxln[ LPjdgj/j)k'f[. LiG écI|l~jdXê
nr. T\g; LrJfj Qgk dlh\[ ejflijsrfjgjH Svlpj&kî frjs)lgk PrUfuk![ Lfk!lujgjs)
fjgjuksa'fln[ ic[fkf. >lijujH L\g; ejfl ulvj)lR elmj#, : PrUf ]fln[ ? LS`|; ey
)sx fjgjÉ[ Srl)lR Selhk; a)X doMl)j#. Ékî glijShuk; glYfjuk; dqj)lR egUle[ f alu >
r~j a)xjH ]Ë)ky&jH dlnj)k'iSglm[ T Ên;.ê 88
Yedlg; eyÉk.î T~r[ ac[Kop[  ijHrj'[ yjS/lGM[ sv$k' a
sËlgk |pJcjH L#l|kijsRy ycoH eyuk'k.î
( ( n. S&"  e* "H  5$-6 '0 W s 4 6 { * " ) )
éfl(xksm a)X fl(X)[ eknU;sv$k'fjH Qgk  g'" *6 "Q*4 *_=nA +*` 6  " Q . *# ) )
Selshulikd t'f[ fl(sx cSÔl<ilrl)k'j
s#?ê 87
( ( 
*A  2M ^  * 2M ^[
éQglX frj)[ afjuluf[ K!lujgjs) ulvj&lH
LÔUrlxjH alÔj)Jyju akDikalujMln[ |lwyl
LrliCUulvr. ikd.ê 89 [L~o|kyu[ yijHrj'k= Tal; akc[ h jaj
c|[ h k~[ r k |RphijHrj'[ rjSipr;. L sRy yjS/lGMjH r~j eyuk'k î
S`|; eyÉk. î ycoH eyÉk. î

88 L~opliop[ 2î281, LH~lrj, cI|J|kHwlajL[ 6280


89
87 akc[hj; 1623, L|[ a p[ 4 î 269 L|[ap[ 1î 388, LH~lrj, cI|J|kHwlajL[ 6255
\njn²§Ä 113 \njn²§Ä 114

t'lH Lmjulykdxksm LidlC*X pJrlykdX


KFA $Q*4 6 F 51 Kb‡- > *7
"* q+"  Q . *# ) ) sdl!k; pjG|akdX sdl!k; ijPjrjGnuaj#l\
( ( * ‡'- *4  " *=  g*4 '% LÔUrlX is'\k;akÙ[ sdlmk\[ iJMjSu afjul
io. L's\ ijPjrjGÑu; rØfjØdX)rkcgj&[
éQglX Pr; iGp[ P j/j)lR wr*Sxlm[ ulvj&lH alYf;. L#l|k eyuk'k. î
LiR fJ)rhln[ Svlpj)k'f[. LfjrlH :
SvlpU; dky)ks'(jH dky)sM, Ls#(jH LPjd ِ ‫ َ َي أ ْ ُم ُر ُك ْم أ َن تُ ؤ ُّد واْ األَ َم ا َن ا‬-
... ‫ت إ ِلَ ى أ َ ْھ ل ِ َھ ا‬ ّ َّ‫إ ِن‬...
gj/j)sM. LiR ulvj&k!l)k'f[ dky&ldsM ijCIcjS&H/j)s/M Lalr\kdX Liuksm L
domkfhldsMê idlCjdX)[ rj*X sdlmk\[ iJMnsa'[ L#l|k
vjh CkYp >jÊk)X wr*xksm :glPrlYda rj*Sxlm[ dH/j)k'k. [ij.dIk. 4î58]
*X flykalyl)k;ijP; iUlPjeo!k; dxi[ eyÉk;
cao|\jH dm; il*hjsh dlgUÊafuj#l
d= cGMjEj)Ëkdxk; d=)Fdxk; sdMjuk!l
u[ a iUledalujgj)k'k. vjhG :iCU*X)# eh
)juk; e=jdxjH t\lyk![ . LiG Lisg Lr
S/lqk; dm; il*k'f[ . domkfH cÙlpj)lrk; L
Ôgsamk)lRSelhk; cI\k=iglujgjs) iJMksa
rUsgS/lsh frj)k; t#l; ekfjuf[ Sin; t'
ÙGalsg Qgk e=j dqjÉlH asËlgk e=jujShs)
vjÔlzfjSulmkdomjukaln[ ehgk; dm; il*k'f[ .
'Selsh eh e=jdxjSh)k; eyÉu&[ en/jgji[
ehS/lqk; ehgk; Zmk)xluj Lm&k iJMk' Tmel
rm\k'k. t'lH LiCgk; LG|gkalu :iCU
mkdxjhln[ sv'[ vlmkd. T\g; TmelmkdxldsM
)lgldsM, Lisg)kyj&yjul\iG Ligksm L>j
ehS/lqk; cSÕ|*xjHrjS'l rj<jp[ P *xjHrj
alrS~lP;d![ Prjdrlsn'[ Pgj)k'k. Ligl
S'l akd[fa#flrk;. uSF<[ m ; dm; il*j doMk'
dsM PG+; djMlR wr*sx Svlpj&k ij<aj/j)k
f[ aoh; fjgj&m)k'fjH LalÔ; dlnj)lrk; L
dSul Pgj/j)kdSul T#.
rUgksm cI\[ r<[m s/mk\lrk; rCj/j)lrk; Tmi
gk\k; fHEhs\ fl)Jf[ svu[ f[ r~j eyÉkî
sdlmk\kiJMlR KS`Caj#lsf *# @ *+ ) } x\ @ <=n\ ^6 6 q+ "  * ; [ *# ) )
dm; il*H
L#l|kijsRy Lmjadxksm LidlC; Lfj (( } f%*> 
 *> H ^6 6 ;[
a|\galn[. Cd[ f alu eC[v lfleS~lP\lH é:sg(jhk; wr*xksm cI\[ sdlmk\[ iJMksa'
L#l|kijsRy LidlC\jHrj'k; gÊs/SM)l;. KS`CS\lsm cIJdgj&lH L#l|k Lisrs\lM[
\njn²§Ä 115 \njn²§Ä 116

Lf[ sdlmk\[ iJMk;. :sg(jhk; Lf[ rCj/j)l Si!j : dm; iJMk'f[ isg cIGÏ\jH YeSiCj
rln[ cIJdgj)k'sf(jH L#l|k Lisr rCj/j )j#.ê 91
)k;.ê 90 fjgksalqj Tflujgjs) uSF<[m ; dmajmelm[
dmajmelm[ ehgk; dlgUzOgi\jshmk)lyj#. rm\j ~lPUf fJG)l\iG t*sr gÊs/mk;.?
t'lH L#l|kij(hldsM dlgU; LfjzOgialn[.
tYfS\lxsa'[ si&lH Qgk gd[fclÊj frj)[ |yla[ fj'H
Kpl\alu SaØdxk; Kf[d{<[ m YefjEhik; K\a
L#l|kijsr >uaj#l\iG f*X t*jsr
c[ Flriksals) K!lujMk; dm~lPUfdxksm sdmk
cÙlpj)k'ksiS'l cÙ\[ tÔjr[ vjhiqj)ks'
fjujHrj'[ Salvjfr#. r~j eyuk'k. î S'l YeC[ r al)lyj#. alYfa# dxi[, ssd)ohj,
! O #*6^"  ^6 ^*y" #  }  D*5 N ! 3 0 c*& .)) sdl=, dgjÖÔ, d=)&im;, ehjC, LrlFPr;,
zlrlhler\jrk; algn\jrk; iU>jvlg\jrk; h>j
7$? @ 3  &.    $( K AY 0  *" : ^   34'f5 t ; " )k' dohj, akc[ hj; c[ S ËË[ Ym<yjuk; selfk akf
hk; sdl=svu[ sfmk\f[ , LrUsg LShlcgs/mk
[ \  # *6\ * %) @  $( 7 $?  *$ 7 $? @  $( 7 $?  *$ \j ejmk*ju en;, i{Fl ulvj&k Srmjuf[ fkm
*ju rj<jp[ P *xlsn(jH Selhk; fsRy ssdaj
(( + *6\ *+ ) Vu'g 6 V +ƒ'" &; iGp[ P j/j)kdsu'flujgj)k; Ligksm akqk
éL#l|kildk'k egaegjCkp[ P R! dm\jSRy dlgU vjÔuk;. Lijsm rj'S*lM[ >Ên;, ic[Yf;, elG
\jH dlGdCU; ekhG\j L#l|k tÔln[ Lif /jm;, ilmdiJMkedgn*X fkm*juisu#l; |yl
ajH rj'lujgj)k;. EhSal rj<jp[ P *X LisRy
gj/j&jgj)k'f[ ? ! tsRy :f[a li[ :gksm d$jhl
iuËjH c[ Flr; ejmj)hk;.
Snl Lisrs)l![ fs'uln[ cfU;, QglX f
sRySaH dm~lPUfuk!lujgjs) éL#l|kijsRy r~j eyÉk î
alGÏ\jHê iPj)s/mkduk; ejs' wJij/j)s/mkd
uk; iJ!k; éL#l|kijsRy alGÏ\jHê iPj)s/mk (  V"* Y+" i,*c . *#  ,&5 Š7 *c" b$ )
duk; ejs'uk; wJij/j)s/mkduk; iJ!ksalgj)H
domj iPj)s/mkduk; svu[ flH Selhk; frj)[

90 91
~kDlgj. Ef[| kH ~lgj. 5 î54 rclT , akw[f~l 7î314,cI|J|kH wlajL[ 3594
\njn²§Ä 117 \njn²§Ä 118

érj<jp[ P cÙlpU\jhosm ixgk' al;c\jr [ ]Ëik; Tijsm iGw[ wj)kd t' dH/rYdju Qgk dl
LG|aluf[ rgdaln[.ê 92 gU; rj<jp[ P alsn'fjr[ Cd[ f alu sfxjildk'k.
LÔUrlxjH fsRy Pr; tijsmrj'[ cÙlpj d=jsr ~|ksspiijCIlcjdxksm :glPrlaoG\j
s&'k; tijsm vjhiqjs&'k; Svlpj)s/mk;. Lij dxlu Yefj<[ A dSxlm[ SvG\[ eyÉf[ fs' d=[
smulujgj)k; rlCik; r<[ m ik;. LfjrlH :gjsh |ylaln'[ YefUÊ\jH eyÉjs#(jhk; |ylalsn
(jhk; |ylalu akfhkdX LiSC<j)k'ksi(jH 'fjr[ dkËaË sfxjisYf.
LfjHrj'[ selmk'sr ssddqkdkilrk; ijvlgn d=[ dkmjuØlG)[ iUd[ f alu fl)JsfS'l
uksm pjr; is'\k; akÙ[ ark<Ugksm LidlC; n; YeilvdvgUujH fjgksalqjuluj i'f[ wl~jG
LigjSh)[ fjgjS&H/j&[ LiSglm[ Êalen; rm ijHrj'[ KÓgj)k'k.
\kilrk; iUYzf dlnjS)!fk![.
*#   g*4 6 '0   - *4 F '" ˆ *y6 *#F " K^*
) 3 V%) 0H"....) )
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(( " Y+ " *< $lYh ) * Y+" *< ‚ * )"
d=[ dkmj éfJG&uluk; L#l|k h|gj dkmj)k'igkaluk=
L#l|k eyuk'kî
dglyln[ LiR Lisg `fIJr\kH D~lH’ dkmj/j
‫ب‬ ُ ‫صا‬ َ ‫ين آ َم نُ واْ إ ِ َّن َم ا الْ َخ ْم ُر َو الْ َم ْي ِس ُر َو األ َن‬
َ ‫َي ا أ َ ُّي َھ ا ال َّ ِذ‬ )kd t'f[. LiG écI|l~jdXê Svlpj&kî L#l|k
‫ان فَ اجْ َت نِ بُوه ُ لَ َع ل َّ ُك ْم‬
ِ ‫ط‬ َّ ‫َو األَ ْز ال َمُ ِر جْ سٌ مِّنْ َع َم ِل ال‬
َ ‫ش ْي‬ ijsRy ycoSh, tÔln[ fIJr\kH D~lH? LS`
َ ‫تُ ْف ل ِ ُح‬
|; eyÉkî rgdlz[ r jujH sisÔgjuk'igksm iju
‫ون‬ G/[ Ls#(jH rgdJusg ejqjÉk!l)k' Ypi;.ê 93
ÞcfUijCIlcjdSx, apUik; voflMik; Yefj<[ A dxk;
YeC[ r ; si&[ Srl)lrk= LÙkdxk;, sseClvjd T~[ r k L^lc[  ijHrj'[ KÓgj)k' asËlgk |pJ
pkGi{\jdX alYfaldk'k. LfjrlH rj*X L cjH TYedlg; dlnl;.
sfls) iGw[ wj)kd. rj*X)[ ijwu; Yelej)l;.ß (( Š#? ^ !  <  =  g" Š*F[ # *^   < _ *# ))
[ij.dIk. 5î90]

92 93
fI~[y lrj 19î136, LH~lrj, cI|J|kHwlajL[ 4495 akc[ h j; 3î 1587
\njn²§Ä 119 \njn²§Ä 120

éakqkdkmjurluj QglX agj&lH LiR L#l|kij


apUik; au)[ agk'k; Liu#l\iujHrj'[
sr ds!\k'f[ Lisrlgk ijYz|lglPdrlujgk
SiGfjgj)kilrk; iUd[ faluj fjgj&yjukilrk; a|
s'(jH tYedlgalSnl Lf[ Selshulujgj)k;.ê 94
\lu alrpn[ @ aln[ Tc[ hl; rjC[ v uj&jgj)k'f[.
iG\alrdlh\[ h|gjeplGf[F*xkSmuk; apU
*xkSmuk; Tr*X Lfj ssiijPUalG'fk; ~JG, r~j uksm il)[ Srl)kd.
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<l;siujR éiJÉ[ê t'[ fkm*j Ly~jujhk; Lr
ét#l h|gjeplGf[ F *xk; d=ldk'k, h|gjuk!l
y~jujhk; QMriPj Segkdxk; iGp[P j&jgj)k'k.
)k'sf#l; |ylakaldk'k.ê 96 QlarS/gkdX tYf
r~j eyÉk. alYfalulhk; ~kp[ P jsu aomkduk; ac[ f l)kduk;
(( 
F*.  * ` 
5sF4 6 *FE'"  $ *#  q5 #*y " ) ) sv$k'sf#l; dky&lulhk; domkfhlulhk; |ylal
n[ . t#l; d=[ fs', rj<jp[ P ik;.
éd=jr[ LfjSRyf#l\ Seg[ s i&[ tsRy K+\j
H Qgk ij>lz; d=[ d kmj)kd fs' sv$k;.ê 95 ðr~j eyÉkî ( (    $% % g  : ~ ‡   - *.   )) domkfH
TO |pJcjH ijigj& ij>lz; cao|\jH g;zYeSi éKeSulzj&lHê ac[fl)k'sf#l; dky&k; éKeSul
Cr; svu[ fjgj)k'k. LiG d=ilp\jhosm d=j zj)k'f[ ê |ylaln[ ò 97apUelrjdX)[ Qgk cpkeSp
sr :f[aJu elrJu; t'kSelhk; ijxj&jgj)k 'k.
CsaS'ln; r~j eyÉk.î
L#l|k eyuk'k. î
‫ُون إ ِال َّ أ َنف ُ َس ھُم َو َم ا‬ ّ ‫ُون‬
َ ‫ َ َو ال َّ ِذ‬-
َ ‫ين آ َم نُ وا َو َم ا َي ْخ َد ع‬ َ ‫يُ َخ ا ِد ع‬ '0H @ K&I k !*Y $lI " '&'g > *7" *FE'" ˆM *#))
َ ‫َي ْش ُع ُر‬
‫ون‬ \) '0H @ * %) } ˆ> ˆ> '01 @ Y+" [\ _
ÞL#l|kijSruk; ijCIlcjdSxuk; iÖj)kilrln[ '01d @ K&dI k !*Y $lI " '&'g > *7" -4 ˆy
LiG YCaj)k'f[ . éilc[ f i\jHê LiG :f[ai
Ör alYfaln[ rm\k'f[. Ligf[ arÍjhl)k d" '&'g > *7" -4 ˆy \) '0H @ * %) } ˆ> ˆ>
'j#.ß [ij.dIk. 2î9]

94 96
fI~[y lrj î 12î45, LH~lrj, cI|J|kH wlajL[. akc[hj; 3 î 1587
95 97
L|[ap[ 5î 342, LH~lrj, cI|J|kHwlajL[î 5453 LH~lrj, cI|J|[ L~Jpliop[ 3128
\njn²§Ä 121 \njn²§Ä 122

ycoSh, tÔln[ yp[ z fkHD~lH? LS`|;eyÉkî


ˆd> '0 1d @ Y+" [\ _ '0H @ K&I k !*Y $lI rgdilcjdsx ejqjÉk!l)ju Yplid;.ê 98
*#d   g*4 6 '0 3 V%) ¦g 0 \) '0H @ * %) } ˆ> h|gjeplGf[ F*X Lmj&[ eocldk'iG)k=
Lic[ F Tflsn(jH LfjSr)lX dAjralu au
$z*\Y  3  .Y 6 : $"( .  g'" *6 &E'" z*\Y )kagk'kdxjH ak*j)kxj)k'igksm Lic[ F tYf
alYf; SClvrJualujgj)k;?
((Y+" *< $lYh ) :( O &E'"
éQglX apUej)kduk; h|gjujhlikduk; svu[f lH
LisRy rlH/f[ Ye>lf*xjsh rac[ ) lg; cIJdl
gUa#. LiR agj&lH rgd\jH YeSiCj)k;. LiR
L#l|kijSh)[ fO~ svu[ f [ am*julH L#l|k
LisRy fO~ cIJdgj)k;. iJ!k; LiG éeoG% cIGÑ\jSRyuk; si=jukSmuk;
c[ FjfjujSh)[ê am*kduk; apUej)kduk; h|gjuj elYf*X KeSulzj)H
hds/mkduk; svu[f lH LisRy rlH/f[ Ye>lf
z{S|ledgn*X ijH)k' dmdxjhk; cÙ'
rac[ ) lg*X LirjHrj'[ cIJdgj)s/mj#. L-
iJmkdxjhk; S|lMhkdxjhksals) cIGÑ\jSRySul
iR agnamÉlH rgd\jH YeSiCj)k;. LiR
si=jukSmSul Ls#(jH cIGÑik; si=juk; eo
eC[ v lfej&lH LisRy eC[ v lfle; L#l|k cIJ
CjuSfl :u elYf*X aj)S/lqk; d!kigk'k.
dgj)k;. iJ!k; LiR am*kduk; apUej)kduk;
alYfa# T\g; elYf*X vjhG aËk vjhG)[ c+l
h|gjujhlikduk; svu[f lH LisRy rlH/f[
rj)lrk= ijhejmj/k= Ke|lg*X isg :uj
Ye>lf\jsh rac[ ) lg; LirjHrj'[ cIJdgj)
alyjujgj)k'k. vjhG cIÔ; iJMjH Li KeSulzj
s/mj#. LiR agnamÉlH rgd\jhlujgj)k;. L
&js#(jhk; LrUgksm iJmkdxjhk; cpUdxjhk; alYf;
iR iJ!k; eC[v lfej&lH LisRy fO~ L#l|k
KeSulzj)k'k. Tsf#l; rj<jp[ P aln[ . Lfj >J<
cIJdgj)k; iJ!ksalgj)Hdomj LiR éeoG% c[ Fj
fjujSh)[ ê am*julH Lisr LÔUrlxjH ã yp[ zfkH nalu fl)JsfS'ln; K+kcha ujH rj'k;
D~lHä dkmj/j)H L#l|kijsRy ~lPUfuluj Kp[P gj )k' |pJcjH r~j  eyÉk.î
]sËmk\jgj)k'k. LiG écI|l~jdXê Svlpj&k.î
98
T~[ r kalw 3377, LH~lrj, cI|J|kHwlajL[î 6313
\njn²§Ä 123 \njn²§Ä 124

َ
A * ƒ 6 F 5H v <;" u f '"   5Ž  ˆ*y6 *  $$'Q6 t ; "  0H )) ‫ور‬ ِ ‫س ِم َن ْاأل وْ َث‬
ِ ‫ان َو اجْ َت نِ بُوا قَ ْو َل ال ُّز‬ َ ْ‫فَ اجْ َت نِ بُوا ال ِّر ج‬...
( ( 7 +
A Y5 + 'B  َ ‫ ِ َغ ْي َر ُم ْش ِر ك‬Qَّ ِ ‫ُح َن فَ اء‬
... ‫ِين بِ ِه‬
Þ…:dulH ijYz|*xldk' alhjrU\jHrj'k;
ési=jukSmuk; cIGÑ\jSRyuk; elYf\jH fj'k rj*X Ld'[ rjH)kd. iUlwil)jHrj'k; rj*
duk; dkmj)kduk; sv$k'iR cIÔ; iuËjH rg X Ld'[ rjH)kd. iYdfuj#lsf L#l|kijSh
dlz[ r jSuuln[ rjy&ksdl!jgj)k'f[ . ê 99 )[ fjgjÉigk; LiSrlm[ ulsfl'k; e([ SvG)l
TO afijPj elYf*X)k;, fxjddX, akX) \igkalujgj)n; érj*Xê....ß [ij.dIk. 22î30,31]
g!jdX, c[ e onkdX, d\jdX, LFjfj cH)lg L~pkGy|[alR T~[rk L~J~dy fsRy
\jrkeSulzj)k' elYf*X, d#Uln elGMjdxjH ejflijHrj'[ Kp[ P gj)k'k. LS`|; eyÉk. î
caG/j)k' aPkgeh|lgsdu[ c kdX fkm*jui
s)#l; ~lPdaln[. [vjhG KeSulzj)k'js#' &'Q  *7$-$LS& 5$ T " :g  3  d .Y ^ *+ ) +$ ))
aMjH vj#halgdxjsh yl)kdxjH vaHdlg*xluj
T\g; elYf*X KeSulzj)lyk![ . rj<jp[ P alu {%A d #*6^ "'" ‚$g ) 3 W*M 3X' " K??" O P&- '"
KeSulz\jSh)[ iqkfjiJqlrk= clPUf Plglx
alufjrlH : alGÏ; sdlMjumS)!fk![ . Lfj
< YS- 6  • F @ YsD " *(  T :g d KL -  0 
rlH Lfk; LrkiprJua#. 100] (( ,-. * " +'%$( V
éB*X L#l|kijsRy ycoHuksm Lmk)hjgjs)
d=clÊU; LS`|; eyÉkî Lyjukd iRele*xjH iRele;
L#l|k eyuk'kî ]sf'[ BlR Lyjuj&k fgsMSul ? éao'[ fin
:iG\j&kê L#l|kijH e([ SvG)H, alflej
fl)Sxlm[ LrkcgnS)m[ dlnj)H -ejs' vlgj
ujgj)kdulujgk' LS`|; Srsg Tgk'k.- t'jM[
eyÉk.î Lyjukd, iUlwalu il)k; éd= clÊU;ê
LS`|; éL~o|kyu[ y ê eyÉk.î r~j Lf[ :i
99
akc[hj; 3 î 1634
100
T~[ r k ~lc[ éyê uksm L>jYelu;
\njn²§Ä 125 \njn²§Ä 126

G\j&ksdlS!ujgk'k. LS`|sal'[ aOr; pJÊj ... ‫ش ِھ ْد َن ا إ ِال َّ بِ َم ا َع ل ِ ْم َن ا‬


َ ‫ َو َم ا‬...
s&(jH t'[ B*X eyuk'fkisg.ê 101 ÞB*X LyjÉfjsRy Lmjc[F lr\jH alYfaln[
d= clÊU\jsRy dlgU\jhk= wr*xksm B*X clÊU; i|j&jMk=f[.ß [ij.dIk. 12î81]
rjÍlg>liik;, Lfjr[ iqjagk'jmk' Lcouuk;
CYfkfuk;, Lfkaohak!ldk' LPjdgj& dkq/ c;zJflcIlpr;
*X fkm*jui dlgn\lhln[ d=clÊU\js' L#l|k eyuk'k. î
fjgjH TO |pJcjH ak'yjuj/k; fl)Jfk; :iG
\j&[ eyÉf[.
َّ ‫ث ل ِيُضِ َّل َع ن َس بِ ي ِل‬
ِ- ِ ‫اس َم ن َي ْش َت ِر ي لَ ھ َْو الْ َح ِد ي‬ ِ ‫َو ِم َن ال َّن‬
tYfalYf; LidlC*xln[ d=clÊU*X ِ ‫بِ َغ ْي ِر ِع لْ ٍم َو َي َّت‬
‫خ َذ َھ ا ُھ ُز وً ا‬
sdl![ |rj)s/Mf[. ? rjgeglPjdX tYfalYf; ÞsspialGÏ\jHrj'[ wr*sx sfËj&[ dxukil
LYdaj)s/Mk? LrG|G tYfalYfaln[ L;zJdlg; rk; Lfjsr egj|lcUal)j\JG)kilrk; Si!j
Srmjuf[ ? fyilm[ a|jauj#l\iR tYf alYf; : ijSrlp ilG\dX ijh)[ il*k' vjhG ark<U
glsRy fyilMjSh)[ SvG\[ eyus/Mk. ? gksm doM\jhk![ . ..ß. [ij.dIk. 31î6]
dlgUalsumk)l\ d=clÊU\jsRy asËlgk TO cod[f \jH eglaGCj& ijSrlp ilG\dX
Sdlhaln[ vjhG Sdlmfj/mjujH sv$k'fk; ey sdl!k= ijiÊ c;zJfalsn'[ T~[ r k ac[ Kop[
uk'fk;. Þfl(X trj)[ clÊjulin; BlR fl  :nujM[ eyulyk!lujgk'k. 102 L~o :ajG
(X)k;ß Tfln[ ehgkSmuk; il)kdX. t'jM[ iJ ijHrj'k; L~oalhjd[  ijHrj'k; yjS/lGM[ sv$k
mjSRyuk; >oajukSmuk; KmalidlC;, Ckp[ P j eYf;, ' |pJcjH r~j eyuk'kî
fkm*j ulFlGf[ F Uik; rjwc[ Fjfjuk; iUd[faluj
LyjSu!dlgU*X)[ Sdlmfj/mjujhk; iglÔujhk; *FE'" 6c'"  c'" 0 b% c*46 '(  $ *#  #5$- "))
d![ akMjuiG clÊjdxlik'k. Tsf#l; d=cl
ÊUik; rj<jp[ P salqjukalsn'fjH c;Cuaj#.
( (..... o•!F '" 
uFlGf[FclÊUalisM ijCkp[ P DkG:rjH eyÉf[
Selshulin;.

102
101 ~kDlgj. éEf[|kH~lgj 5î 261ê fE[c JG T~[ r kdFJG 6î 333
\njn²§Ä 127 \njn²§Ä 128

éiU>jvlgik;, eMkic[ Y fik;, apUik;, c;zJfik; L Tal; T~[ r kH D$j;su Selhk= a|lgFØlG
rkiprJualuj dlnk' Qgk ij>lz; tsRy cakpl c;zJfYCkfj Tx)jijmk' hlcUijhlclcd[ f juk;
u\jH K!ldkd fs' sv$k;.ê 103 h|gjuk; d=jSr)lX >ulrdalsn'[ eyÉjMk![ .
Lrc[  ijHrj'[ yjS/lGM[ sv$k' asËlgk siyksalgk c;zJflcIlpr\jsRy dlgUajfl
|pJcjH TYedlg; dlnl;. sn(jH aplhcdxk; zludjdxkaluigksm elMk
dX)ln[ c;zJf; flx; edgk'sf(jH ele; >lg
NH e "N –*4  o';( *4[ }J' : ;<  #5$- " )) alG'fk; Lfjrj<jp[ P ikalsn'fjH c;Cuaj#.
gfjckDC{zlg;, SYea;, dla;, iGÑr t'jiuln[
(( o•!F'"  ¢ @ _+* g'" $;E> @Y F E'"  M elMjsRy K=m)sa(jH TO ije\[ tYfalYf; ij
éTO cao|\jH >odÙik;, vgHiG<ik;, Sdlh; eH)galn[ . LfjrlH fs'uln[ zlr; iU>jvlg
alËhk; CjÊsuS'ln; i'k>ij)k;. LiG d=[ \jSh)k= LÖH)lgrlsn'k; Lf[ arÍjH
dkmj)kduk; rG\djalsg cIJdgj)kduk; c;zJ dlemU; rMkixG\ksa'k; en[ @ jfØlG akRdoMj
Sfledgn*X KeSulzj)kduk; svu[flH.ê eyÉf[ . sal\\jH elMk; c;zJfik; iG\alr
dlhs\ ]Ëik; ihju dkq/)lgjdxluj alyjujgj
r~j sv!Sax; rjSglPj&k. ek#l(kqhjsr )k'k.
flSÔl'julu emkij}[ @juksm Q&uluj iGÑj&k.
smhSElnkdxjhk; dÙUoMykdxjhk; dxjS)l/k
Tal; L|[ap[  su Selhk= en[ }jf Ye>k)X dxjhk; Sdlxj;z[ s~#kdxjhk; Zmjdlg*xjhksal
iJn, fÙkgk, Qlm)kqH, ak)Ùj iJn, ssdanj,
s) c;zJf cl'jp[ P U; is'\juSflsm egJÊn
fkm*ju ijSrlp\jrk; elMjrk; KeSulzj)k' Ke
*xk; domjujgj)k'k. c;zJflcIlpr; ds$lqj)lR
dgn*X |ylalsn'[ Dn[ } jfaluj eyÉjgj)k LH/; ar)gk\[ :Gw[ wj)kd fs' Sin;.
'k. :Pkrjd ilSpUledgn*xlu iuhjR, ~|k
dÙj ilpU;, QlGzN, ejulSrl, zj\lG fkm*jui L#l|kSi rjsRy dliH……
su#l; r~j rjSglPj& c;zJf\jsRy egjPjujH
semk'k. alYfa#, :Pkrjd Kedgn*X KØlpak
!l)k'fjhk; K#lc>gjfal)k'fjhk; eOglnjd
egpo<n; eyuH
c;zJf ilSpUledgn*Sx)lX ajd&[ rjH)k'k. akc[ h j;dsx)kyj&[ egpo<n; eyukd, Ligksm
L>jalr*sx dxÉkdkxj)k; ijP; c;clgj)kd
103 t'fk; QMkaj) cpÍkdxkSmuk; ij>ialuj alyjuj
~kDlgj. éEf[|kH~lgj 10î 51ê
\njn²§Ä 129 \njn²§Ä 130

gj)k'k. L#l|k ijSglPj)kduk;, LmjulykdX)[ S/lX T*sr Svlpj)s/Mkî tsRy cS|lpgrjH


Ly/k!l)kduk;, :f[ alikdX LhGw[ wjs/mkaly[ BlR eyuk'f[ K=flsn(jShl? LS`|; ey
Lrj<[ m vjYfJdgn; rm\kduk; svu[ f dlgUasYf Ékî rJ eyuk'f[ K=flsn(jH rJ Lisr)kyj&[
LrUgksm L>li\jH Lisg)kyj&[ pk<j/[ eyuH. pk<j/[ eyÉk. T#l\flsn(jH LisRy SegjH
L#l|k eyuk'kî T#l\f[ sdMjuk!l)j/yÉk.ê 104
Qgk akc[ hjajr[ siyk/k= CgJgc;~r[P Sal
ِ‫أ َن َي أ ْ ُك َل لَحْ َم أ َخِيه‬ ‫ض ا أ َيُ حِبُّ أ َ َح ُد ُك ْم‬
ً ‫ض ُك م َب ْع‬ ُ ‫َو َال َي ْغ َت ب َّب ْع‬ afegSal >OfJdSal alrcjdSal cI>liegSal
ٌ‫َّر حِي م‬ ‫ب‬ ٌ ‫ َ َت وَّ ا‬-َّ َّ‫ َ إ ِن‬-
َّ ‫َم ْي ًت ا فَ َك ِر ْھ تُ مُوهُ َو ا َّت قُوا‬ c{<[ m j/[ c;~r[ P Sal :u dlgU; Lulsx)kyj&[
Þ.....rj*xjH vjhG vjhsg/Ëj Ligksm L>li\jH eyuhln[ zJ~\[ LFil egpo<n;.
pk<j&[ eyukduk; Lgkf[ . fsRy cS|lpgR agj&[ domlsfuk; Lfjr[ ehgoe*xkak![ LrUsRy
djm)kSÙlX LisRy al;c; >Êj)kilR rj* ssidhU*xk; LisRy segkalËiksals) ekv[ V
xjH :sg(jhk; T<[ m s/mkSal? t'lH Lf[ éCi; >li\jH tÑj/yuhk; LfjH seMfln[ .
fj'kilRê rj*X siyk)kduln[ sv$k'f[ . ....ß L#l|kij(H LfjrjÕUik; rjd{<[m ikalujMk;
[ij.dIk. 49î12] egpo<n; eyuk'fjsr wr*X zOgi\jshmk
)lyj#. r~j  eyuk'k. î
egpo<n; tÔlsn'[ ijigj&[ r~j eyuk'kî
$ A" a - *+6 '0 '‡  < 5*\ @ K 0 !*&. 0 + '?   S" ))
: ( . 7%*) $" .Y } $"( O $& `'"  0  Y*^>  ))
( ( [ ‹* )   A" $"B *. S" V*Y 0 H @ }$
 [  0 '0 H ,*6  :  ( . :'-6 F  W [ W ' N éehjC)[ tqke\jg![ dilm*xln[ . ]Ëik; flq[
*7" '0H  @ *&'z  *^g $$g>  0 '0H :  ( O $$(  'emj fsRy alflijsr caJej)k'fkSelshuln[.
]Ëik; ihju ehjC QglX fsRy cS|lpgsRy
( ( d
 *^g *#$-6 L>jalr\jH éÊfSaH/j)lRê rJMjihj&[ c;clgj
)hln[ . ê 105
éegpo<n; t'lH tÔlsn'[ rj*X)yjulSal?
LiG eyÉkî L#l|kik; LisRy pofrkaln[ do
mkfH Lyjuk'iG. LS`|; eyÉkî rjsRy cS|l
104 akc[hj; 4î 2001
pgr[ Lrj<[m dgaluf[ rJ eyuhldk'k. Lf[ L 105 LH~lrj, cjHcjh cI|J|î 1871
\njn²§Ä 131 \njn²§Ä 132

cpÍkdxjH c'j|jfglik'iG)[ fjØ fmuhk; |ksspElijHrj'[ rjSipr; svu[ f Qgk |pJ


pk<j/[ eyus/mk' cS|lpgsRy L>jalr; dl) cjH TYedlg; dlnl;î
hk; rjG~r[ P aln[ . Lf[ SYelHcl|j/j&ksdl![
r~j eyÉk.î (( _ ( +ƒ'" $ [*^6 T ))
é]<nj)lgR cIGÏ\jH YeSiCj)j#.ê 107
(  g "' *6 Y+" 
*A *# ) } \Y [ ‹* ) *# ) \Y *# )
T~rk L^lc[  ijHrj'k= asËlgk |pJcjH L
é:sg(jhk; fsRy cS|lpgsRy L>jalrs\ S`|; eyuk'k î
sflM[ YefjSglPj&lH LÔUrlxjH rgdlz[rjujH
rj'[ LisRy akDs\ L#l|k dl\kgÊj)k;.ê 106 _*I G F 4 + 6 ^F'" 0 B  *#  i˜ Pc  s&+" )
@ 0 ;! 6)) : s&+" g @  F <Y &$(  0; ! 6 #* 54*5 
5H :6Y ¥ ] V% :  ( 7$? @ Š~&   0; ! 6 
]<nj eyuH
wr*X)jmujH dkq/ak!l)lRSi!j wr [9' 0 @ "* *#    *46 T F < ^ 0  [ ~&- "
c;clg; Seyjrm)H, egc[ eg CYfkfuk; Kaj\J
dns) TOG<Ufuk; VjYpfuk; ixG\k' YePlr
( ( F F +"  y*F 6
dlgnaldk'k. TO dkËd{fUs\ Lehej&ksdl![ ér~j apJrujsh Qgk SflM\jhosm rm'[ Seldk
L#l|k eyuk'k. SÙlX D~yjH CjÊj)s/mk' g!lxkdxksm C~[ p ;
َّ ‫َّاز َّم‬
ٍ ‫ش اء بِ َن ِم‬
‫يم‬ ٍ ‫َھ م‬ ‫ين‬ ٍ ‫َو َال تُ طِ عْ ُك َّل َح َّال‬
ٍ ‫ف م َِّھ‬ SdMk. LS/lX YeilvdR eyÉkî LiG g![ Se
ÞLPjdaluj cfU; sv$k'irk; rJvrk; dk\kil gk; CjÊj)s/mk'k. ihju dkË\jr# LiG CjÊj
)[ eyuk'irk; ]<njukaluj rm)k'irk; :uj )s/mk'f[, ejs' LS`|; eyÉkî Lsf éasËlgk
Mk= ]sflglSxuk; rJ Lrkcgj&[ Seldgkf[ . ß yjS/lGMjH, Lsf Lf[ ihjsulgk dkËaln[. ê Li
[ij.dIk. 68î10,11] gjshlglX aoYf ijcGw[w r; eoGÑaluj svu[ f[

106 107
L|[ap[ 6î 450, LH~lrj, cI|J|kHwlajL[ 6238 ~kDlgj
\njn²§Ä 133 \njn²§Ä 134

i{\jul)l\irk; g!laR ]<nj eyÉ[ rm)k


'irkalujgk'k.ê 108 (( h& '" A *#  $0; 'L *. T'  ! A F 5H ))
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\njn²§Ä 155 \njn²§Ä 156

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p; SdMk. LS/lX Lijmk'[ Lgkxj LiG g![ sm LiR ilgjukmk)k'k. TSflsm LirjH g![
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gk yjS/lGMjH fJG&uluk; Lf[ ihju dkËaln[ . ê \jH Ckp[ P j ssdigj)lfjgj)kd.
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)k'irlujgk'k.ê 137 L#l|k eyuk'k.î
alYfa# r~j  Tf[ domj eyÉk.î
... ‫ َو َال َت َج َّس سُوا‬...
( ( *&'"  #  *& g'" ˆ;) ‡' ) ) Þ...rj*X vlgi{\j rm\kdukagkf[...ß ðij.dIk.49î12ò
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\njn²§Ä 157 \njn²§Ä 158

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= LuH)lSglmk; LrUgluLuH)lSglmk; c|
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143
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akc[hj; 4 î 1770
144 146
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