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تصميم مقاطع الخرسانة المسلحة
تصميم مقاطع الخرسانة المسلحة
Live load
= 300 kg./m .
m1 * Lx
m * Ly
=R
Where :
R : Rectangularity Ratio.
m1 and m could be 0.87 or 0.76
(m and/or m1) = 0.87
(m and/or m1) = 0.76
Lx and Ly are the slab dimensions in X and Y directions.
R < 2 2 >R
:
-1 300/ 2 :
= 0.50 R 0.15
0.35
R2
And
.
-2 < 300/ 2 Grashoff
1
R +1
4
And
-3 .Marcus
Prepared By:/ Amr A. El-Sayed, Civil Eng Dept., El-Minia Univ., Eg.
R
R +1
4
1.0
1.10 1.20 1.30 1.40 1.50 1.60 1.70 1.80 1.90 2.0
0.395 0.473 0.543 0.606 0.660 0.705 0.745 0.778 0.806 0.830 0.849
0.395 0.323 0.262 0.212 0.172 0.140 0.113 0.093 0.077 0.63 0.055
1
.
c
d`
Cs
Yct
Cc
T
b
Fs / n
Notations:
d`
YCT
AS
AS`
Notations, Cont.
M
CC
CS
Prepared By:/ Amr A. El-Sayed, Civil Eng Dept., El-Minia Univ., Eg.
FC
FS
FS`
Modular ratio =
(zeta) =
z
d
(beta) =
d`
d
ES
, where E is the modulus of elasticity
EC
FS
FC
AS
b.d
Assumptions:
-1
( Strain) .
-2
.
.
C
z
=
S d z
and
. (1)
Stress
= const. = E
Strain
FS
= ES
S
and
FC
= EC
C
(1) S C
Prepared By:/ Amr A. El-Sayed, Civil Eng Dept., El-Minia Univ., Eg.
FC E S
z
.
=
FS EC d z
z
dz
or
EC
FC
FS
ES
F
z
= n. C
FS d z
). (2
) (2 N.A
FS
z
.
n dz
). (3
= FC
T T = FS . AS )(3
dz
dz
T = n.FC .
. AS
or T = FC .
) .(n. AS
). (4
z
z
AS n.AS .
FS
=r
FC
and
z=.d
)(2
n n. = .r
)n = (n + r
). (5
n
.d
=
=
r d-.d 1-
n(1-) = .r
n
n+r
1- Case 1
Rectangular section with tension steel only:
M, b, d, and AS.
FS, and FC.
Given :
Required :
.
:
-1
-2
Prepared By:/ Amr A. El-Sayed, Civil Eng Dept., El-Minia Univ., Eg.
12-
Fc
`d
Yct
Fs
n.As
n. AS
n 2 . AS2 + 2.b.n. AS .d
b
b2
z=
n. AS
n 2 . AS2 2.b.d
+
.1 +
b
n. AS
b 2
z=
Prepared By:/ Amr A. El-Sayed, Civil Eng Dept., El-Minia Univ., Eg.
z=
z=
n. AS n. AS
2.b.d
+
. 1+
b
b
n. AS
n. AS
b
2.b.d
. 1 + 1 +
n. AS
. (1-1)
(AS / b.d) = z = .d
.d =
n. .b.d
2
. 1 + 1 +
b
n.
2
= n. .d . 1 + 1 +
n.
. (1-2)
.
IX =
b.z 3
z
2
+ b.z. + n. AS .(d z )
12
2
FC = M .
3-
z
Ix
and
FS = M .
(d z )
IX
. (1-3)
C.YCT = M
but the force = (stress * area)
C = FC .dA
C = FC .b.dy
()
2M
bz d z
)
3
Prepared By:/ Amr A. El-Sayed, Civil Eng Dept., El-Minia Univ., Eg.
FC =
2.M
b..d d . d
putting
.1
3
M
FC = C1 . 2
b.d
where C1 =
M
2
.1 b.d
3
= C1
. (1-5)
2
.
AS .FS d z
FS =
)= M
AS d z
Putting
FS =
)
3
. (1-6)
AS = . b . d
&
z=.d
M
M
= C2 . 2
b.d
.b.d 2 1
3
Where
then
C2 =
.1
3
1
C2 =
.
. (1-7)
& = 1
2- Case (2)
Given
required
: M, b, d, AS & AS`
: FS , FC
Prepared By:/ Amr A. El-Sayed, Civil Eng Dept., El-Minia Univ., Eg.
b 2
.z + n.( AS ` + AS ).z n.( AS .d + AS ` .d `) = 0.0
2
z
n( AS ` + AS )
2.n
n.( AS ` + AS )
( AS .d + AS `.d `)
z=
+
+
b
b
b
z=.d
AS = .b.d
= `/
= d`/d
AS` = `.b.d
nb.d ( `+ )
2n
n.b.d ( `+ )
+
.b.d 2 + `.b.d .d `
+
b
b
b
.d =
. (2-1)
2(1 + . )
2
.d = n.d . (1 + ). n 2 .d 2 . 2 (1 + ) 1 +
2
n. .(1 + )
= n. (1 + ). 1 +
2(1 + . )
1 +
n. .(1 + )2
. (2-2)
.z
d`
Cs
C = CS + CC
2/3 Z
Z - d`
M = C C d + C S (d d `)
3
1
z
but
Z/3
Fc
. (2-3)
FC
z
=
`
z d`
FS
n
Prepared By:/ Amr A. El-Sayed, Civil Eng Dept., El-Minia Univ., Eg.
FS` =
n.FC . z d `
z
FS` =
n.FC .( )
or FS` =
n.FC .(.d .d )
.d
. (2-4)
n.F z d `
z
1
FC =
FC =
FC =
M
b.z
z
` z d`
d d`
d + n. AS .
2
3
z
z=.d
= `/
FC =
,
,
AS = .b.d
= d`/d
. (2-5)
AS` = `.b.d
M
.d
.d d `
b..d
`
(d .d )
d
+ n. .b.d .
.d
2
3
M
-
1
.1 .b.d 2 + n. .
2 3
.(1 ).b.d 2
1
M
.
2
b.d 1
-
. 1 + n. .
2 3
FC = C1 .
.(1 )
M
b.d 2
where : C1 =
. (2-6)
. (2-7)
1
-
1
. 1 + n. .
2 3
.(1 )
. (2-8)
.FC
.(4-2) ( 7-2) FC
FS` =
n.( )
M
.C1 . 2
b.d
. (2-9)
to find FS
Prepared By:/ Amr A. El-Sayed, Civil Eng Dept., El-Minia Univ., Eg.
FC
z
=
FS
dz
n
FS =
(z = .d)
n.(1 )
.FC
. (2-10)
(10-2) ( 6-2) FC
FS =
FS =
M
1
.
2
b.d 1
-
.1 + n. .
2 3
.(1 )
M
n(1 )
.
2
b.d 1 2
-
. 1 + n. .
2 3
FS = C 2 .
n(1 )
.(1 )
M
b.d 2
. (2-11)
where:
C2 =
n(1 )
-
1 2
. 1 + n. .
2 3
.(1 )
. (2-12)
Case 3
Design of Rectangular section with tension steel only:
3-1 Free design (the depth is unlimited)
Given
Required
: M, b, FC, and FS
: d, and AS
Prepared By:/ Amr A. El-Sayed, Civil Eng Dept., El-Minia Univ., Eg.
10
Fc
Yct
d`
T
b
Fs / n
:
FC
z
=
FS
dz
n
. (3-1)
.FC .z.b. d = M
2
3
. (3-2)
z=
z=
n+
n
FS
.d
and
FC
FS
=r
FC
n
.d
n+r
1
n
1 n
.FC .b.
.d . d
=M
2
n+r
3 n+r
(3-2) z
and
n
=
n+r
1
.FC .b..d 2 .1 = M
2
3
d=
2
FC ..1
3
M
b
putting
2
FC ..1
3
= K1
Prepared By:/ Amr A. El-Sayed, Civil Eng Dept., El-Minia Univ., Eg.
11
d = K1 .
M
b
. (3-3)
M about C = 0.0
M = T . YCT
z
M = AS .FS . d
3
AS =
z = .d
M
FS .d .1
3
AS =
M
.FS .d
AS =
M
K 2 .d
.FS = K 2
. (3-4)
Fc
Yct
d`
T
b
Given
Required
Fs / n
: M, b, d, FC, and FS
: AS
( Balanced Depth)
.AS FS
Prepared By:/ Amr A. El-Sayed, Civil Eng Dept., El-Minia Univ., Eg.
12
so we can know K1
d
M
= K1
b
1- from the curves between K1 on Y-Axis, and FC on X-Axis we can get FC.
2- from knowing FC we can determine if it is allowable or not (in this case of design FC
must be < FC all.).
4from the curves between FC, and K2, we can find K2.
M
-5
= AS
K 2 .d
) (Balanced Depth
FC FS
.
so we can know K1
d
M
= K1
b
from the maximum allowable FC on X-Axis, and the value of K1 on Y-Axis, draw two
horizontal and vertical lines respectively, and the two lines will intersect on a curve with
the maximum FS of certain , so we can get K2.
Design of T-Sections
=
=
:
T FC
:
-1 B
.
-2 ) ( T
) ( ) (
.
-3 ) ( T )
(
]FC (all.) [in case of T-Sec.] = 0.5 ~ 0.75 of FC (all.) [in case of R-Sec.
FC .
13
Prepared By:/ Amr A. El-Sayed, Civil Eng Dept., El-Minia Univ., Eg.
Examples:
For the plan shown in the following figure, find the loads on all beams knowing
that:
1- Slab thickness
= 12.0 cm
2- Weight of cover
= 150.0 kg/m2
3- Live load
= 200.0 kg/m2
4- Wall height
= 3.0 m
5- Depth of all beams
= 60.0 cm
6- Breadth of beams ab, cde = 12.0 cm
7- Breadth of the remaining beams = 25.0 cm
60
60
3.00
And the draw the absolute shearing force and bending moment of the main beam
(fbd), and design the critical sections, the draw to scale 1:20 the details of reinforcement of
a longitudinal section of the beam (fbd).
B
4.00
2.00
5.00
5.00
2.00
5.00
5.00
e
6.00
2.00
Prepared By:/ Amr A. El-Sayed, Civil Eng Dept., El-Minia Univ., Eg.
14
3.0 t
3.0 t/m
3.0 t/m
2.0 t/m
16.33
13.0
10.55
8.26
2.5
-3.74
-12.74
-1.45
-9.28
-2.17
-10.23
-4.01
-15.67
21.41
17.48
16.45
-8.27
2.99
-4.23
-8.0
-10.45
9.99
3.77
20.9
-0.3
-9.63
-1.8
-19.22
16.67
15.91
9.89
7.04
2.89
-1.83
-4.96
-4.11
-13.96
-15.33
23.75
20.25
-4.63
13.9
3.91
3.4
-4.09
-2.59
-10.09
-7.1
-16.09
23.82
20.54
-0.73
-2.12
-18.2
-18.38
-6.47
-23.82
-23.75
9.63
8.27
19.22
Prepared By:/ Amr A. El-Sayed, Civil Eng Dept., El-Minia Univ., Eg.
15