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Cellular
Cellular
GSM
In 1989, the Luropean 1elecommunication Standards Institute ,L1SI, took
oer responsibility or GSM. Phase I o the GSM speciications were
published in 1990, commercial serice was started in mid-1991, and by 1993
there were 36 GSM networks in 22 countries. In addition to Luropean
countries, South Arica, Australia, and many Middle and lar Last countries
hae chosen GSM. At the beginning o 1994, there were 1.3 million
subscribers worldwide. 1he acronym GSM now aptly stands or Global
System or Mobile telecommunications.
GSM was intended to be compatible with ISDN in terms o serices oered
and control signalling used. Howeer, the standard ISDN bit rate o 64
Kbps could not be practically achieed due to the limitations o the radio
link. 1he digital nature o GSM allows data, both synchronous and
asynchronous, to be transported as a bearer serice to or rom an ISDN
terminal. 1he data rates supported by GSM are 300, 600, 1200, 2400, and
9600 bps.
128 Ce||u|ar Protoco|s
1he most basic teleserice supported by GSM is telephony. A unique
eature o GSM compared to older analog systems is the Short Message
Serice ,SMS,.
Supplementary serices are proided on top o teleserices or bearer
serices, and include eatures such as international roaming, caller
identiication, call orwarding, call waiting, multi-party conersations and
barring o outgoing ,international, calls, among others.
1he ollowing diagram illustrates the structure o the GSM protocol amily:
MOBILE STATION
(MS)
CM
MM
RR
LAPDm
LAYER 1
Um Abis A
LAYER 1 LAYER 1
LAPDm LAPD LAPDm
RR BTSM
LAPD
LAYER 1
BTSM
RR
BSSMAP
DTAP
SCCP
MTP MTP
SCCP
BSSMAP
DTAP
CM
MM
MOBILE SWITCHING
CENTER
(MSC)
BASE STATION
(BTS)
BASE STATION
CONTROLLER
(BSC)
CM rotoco favi, .trvctvre