By Jos Istiyanto

Universitas Indonesia
Bending Stress
..
By Jos Istiyanto
Universitas Indonesia 2
Bending Stress
Straight member
x
x s
lim
0 x




r
y
r
r ) y r (
lim
0 x

+


r x
+ ) y r ( s
r / c
r / y
max

y
s
x

r
c
max
c
y

max
c
y

By Jos Istiyanto
Universitas Indonesia 3
Bending Stress
Force equilibrium



A
max
max
A A A
ydA
c
dA
c
y
dA dP 0
Moment
0 ydA so , 0
c
A
max

A
2 max
A A
dA y
c
dA y dP y M

A
2
dA y I if
I
Mc
max

Stress at any intermediate distance y is:
I
My

By Jos Istiyanto
Universitas Indonesia 4
Bending Stress
Example:
Alumunium beam with rectangular cross section
(4 x 4 cm) experience force F = 100 N as
shown in figure. If length of beam l = 2 m, find
the maximum bending stress.
Solution:
MPa 69 . 4 m / N 10 69 . 4
10 4
12
1
02 , 0 50
I
Mc
2 6
8 4
max

50 Nm
By Jos Istiyanto
Universitas Indonesia 5
Bending Stress
Example:
Stress distribution
By Jos Istiyanto
Universitas Indonesia 6
Physical Properties of Materials
Machine Elements, BJ, Hamrock
Material Density Modulus of
Elasticity
(GPa)
Yield
Strength
(MPa)
Ultimate
strength
(MPa)
Ductility,
%EL in
2 in
Poisson's
ratio
Iron 7870 207 130 260 45 0.29
Low Carbon
steel (AISI 1020)
7860 207 295 395 37 0.30
Stainless steels
Ferritic, type 446
7500 200 345 552 20 0.30
Alumunium
(>99.5%)
2710 69 17 55 25 0.33
Copper (99.9%) 8940 110 69 220 45 0.35
By Jos Istiyanto
Universitas Indonesia 7
Bending Stress
Curved member

r
d ) r R (

Ed
r R
r
o
p
d

r
e
r
i
y
k
l
m
n
r
o
R
r
Centroidal
Neutral axis

r
d ) r R (
E E
M
By Jos Istiyanto
Universitas Indonesia 8
Bending Stress
Neutral axis
if F
n
= 0

A
0 dA
E, R , , d = constan

A
0 dA
r
d ) r R ( E

A
0 dA
r
) r R ( Ed
0 dA
r
dA
R
Ed
A A

1
]
1

A
r
dA
A
R
By Jos Istiyanto
Universitas Indonesia 9
Bending Stress
Moment
M
z
= 0

A A
2
dA
r
d ) r R ( E
) r R ( dA M

A A
2
2
dA
r
d ) r R (
r R
r
dA ) r R (
Ed
M
dA
r
r Rr Rr R
r R
r
M
A
2 2

1
1
]
1

,
_

A A A A
dA r dA R dA
r
dA
R R
r R
r
M
) RA A r (
r R
r
M

By Jos Istiyanto
Universitas Indonesia 10
Bending Stress
So,
) R r ( A r
) r R ( M

If y positive from neutral axis and e R r
) y R ( Ae
My

,
_

i
o
r
r
A
r
r
ln
h
r dr b
h . b
r
dA
A
R
0
i
For rectangular cross section:
b
h
For circular cross section:
c
2
c r r
R
2
2
+

By Jos Istiyanto
Universitas Indonesia 11
Bending Stress
The curved beam with centroidal radius 25 cm experiences moment
M=100 Nm. The beam has rectangular cross section as shown in
figure. Determine bending stress for y = 1 cm.
Example:
4cm
6cm
MPa 454 . 1
10 ) 1 88 . 24 ( 12 . 0 24
10 1 100
8
2
1 y

cm 88 . 24
2412 . 0
6
22
28
ln
6
R

,
_

By Jos Istiyanto
Universitas Indonesia 12
Bending Stress
The curved beam with centroidal radius 25 cm experience moment
M=100 Nm. The beam has rectangular cross section as shown in
figure. Determine bending stress for :
1. Top layer
2. Centroidal layer
3. Bottom layer
Predict the stress distribution!
Problem:
4cm
6cm