Chapter 14 Section 3

 Describe 4 ways that animals

communicate.

List the advantages and

disadvantages of living in groups
Elephants:
• Distinct vocal calls (trumpets) when they
are excited
• Low-frequency infrasonic rumbles; sounds
can travel 5 km

Antelopes:
• Glands on their hooves that release a scent
• If they get separated from the group, they
can follow this scent
Theinteraction among animals of the
same species

Social
interactions depend on
communication
 Essential for survival

Used to ward off danger, defend

territory, find food, identify each
other, frighten predators, and find
mates

Humans use language

Sound

Touch

Chemicals

Sight
Used to claim an area, attract a
mate, signal danger, information
about location…

Ex: wolves howl, birds sing, dolphins

click and whistle, elephants rumble…
 Communicating friendship or support

Ex: Chimpanzees grooming each

other

http://smartpei.typepad.com/robert_patersons_weblog/images/2007/06/20/chimp_grou
p.jpg
  Pheromones: the chemicals animals
use to communicate

 Signal presence…

 Ex: Fire ants using pheromones to

control reproduction

http://www.impactlab.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/05/fireant.jpg
Body language

Visual displays for courtship

Ex:Fireflies blinking signals to attract

each other
Positives:
• Safety (spotting predators, defense)
• Finding food (size of prey)

Negatives:
• Competition (for food and mates)
• Quantity of food available
• Spread of diseases
• Attract predators
 http://static.howstuffworks.com/gif/willow/tiger-info0.gif

http://www.ruanaich.com/archive/Photography/safari/source/image/tanzania_crw_070
6.jpg
What2 things must happen for
communication to occur?

List2 kinds of information that

animals communicate.