1

2) 2-METHYLPENTANE NOT 4-METHYLPENTANE

3) 3,5-DIMETHYLPENTANE NOT 4,6-DIMETHYLOCTANE
4) 2,2,4,5-TETRAMETHYLHEXANE NOT 2,3,5,5-TETRAMETHYLHEXANE
5) 4-ETHYL-4-METHYLOCTANE NOT 5-METHYL-5-METHYLOCTANE
6) 3-ETHYL-4-ISOPROPYL-5,7,9-TRIMETHYLDECANE
Draw the Structure of the following compounds:
A. 4-ETHYL-2-METHYLHEXANE
a) PARENT: HEXANE
2
B. 2,2-DIMETHYLPENTANE
A) 2,5-DIMETHYL-3-ETHYLOCTANE
NOMENCLATURE (SYSTEM for NAMING) FOR
ALKANES
- For those alkanes w/c have branching determine the longest continuous chain of C atoms
and the longest C chain.
EX:
The compound shown has a longest continuous chain of 7 C atoms and therefore, its parent
name is heptane.
In order to designate the position of the substituent (CH3), the longest chain is
numbered as shown. The substituent is called methyl. The name being derived from the methane
for the alkane CH4, where the ane ending is changed to yl. The name of the compound is 2-
METHYLHEPTANE, the no. 2 designating the C atom on w/c the methyl group is attached. Always
number the longest chain of C atoms in such a way that the substituents have the smallest
numbers. The compound shown was numbered to give the methyl group position the smallest
number. If the numbering has been right to left, the name would be 6- METHYLHEPTANE and is
incorrect because the position of attachment for the methyl group is not the lowest no. possible.
ALKENES/ OLEFINS: CnH2n
- w/ double bonds
C. Common System: named as derivatives of ethylene
3
Examples Common Name
1) CH2=CH2 ETHYLENE
2)
3) ETHYLETHYLENE
4) CH3CH=CHCH3 SYM-DIMETHYLETHYLENE
5) UNSYM-DIMETHYLETHYLENE
6) CH3CH2CH=CH2CH3 SYM-ETHYLMETHYLETHYLENE
alphabetical
7) UNSYM-ETHYLMETHYLETHYLENE
SYM- both are bonded to each C of same hybridization.
UNSYM- different hybridization.
D. IUPAC
- select the longest HC chain containing the = bond
- name as an alkane
- change ane to ene
- indicate position of double bond (=)