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ce Haurrpa n
Ioroc,tagrts' ceBepot3Toq'o or rpaA Hrrur, rra oro,ro r3 *a, ,,arou,ro o" ,.p*" r"r*"-
sal(, B 14. rex o6aue, J,o naAaHero ta 6rarapnn noA Typurrre,To e 8,1[3aro sts BlrArrx-
cKoro AecnorcrBo, B.lApxaBara na Mrrxas,r lultu,nran H no-Krc[o tta hsaH AlexcaHA.sp
x HaaH cpaurlrupl. I{tpxrara' Koqro e 6r,ra nocgereua rra 60ropo,:,,,{a, ce lraMspa B
carroro ce"10 Ha n.rouaJ,a, Ha erHa rr3,f'rHara Haa p. Tttrrox norrtKa. Ta e lreeeporrro
Ira'1Ka no pa3\rep' 3a erHa KpacroB'rHa UrpKBa-uHpoxa 6,20u:t,rra 7,50 r, ar",tno.
npHTBopa H ancnAara,
-Ho
MHOrO t{HrepecHa u ,lo6pe nponopurroHHpaHae.
Croporo nor-
.leAHaro' Tn e no-cKopo or rlrna Ha cso60,]Hl.rq, orKo"rKoro Ha BnrrcaHHq Xptct, rtft xaro or
fl3TOK HqI{a \{eXAypaltnq, a llex.U,ypaIHn?a oT 3anaA He ca OTBOpeHI Xb], Haoca _
Te Cna-
Aar Krilr npltrBopa
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B rcfo3arra,lHoro e nor{ecreHa crla6ara 3a fop'rrfi erax Ha rrp'r-
80pa' a B ceBepo3anaaHoro rrlra HHurH. I{rpxaara o6a,Je e lrHOfO {3Ter,,reHa Ha BHCoqrr8a
(oro,ro 9 lr) x saroea uaJr(Hre k pasrrepn He .u,eiicrsysar noArr.rcKaulo
sa nocerure,rl.I,I:-
K't'oqHTe{Ho HHTepecHH ca lBere Ky'r,n' KoHTo yBerqa'ar BTopHrr erax Ha npHTBopa { Kotro
ce H3AHrar no-BlrcoKo or Kynora. or npoxo,la i\rex,u,y rrx, T. e. or BTOp(q erax Ha nplrr-
Bopa, e Hva,to Bpara Krru ArpBeHlq BtHueH npHTBop, xoiiro ,1HqH ficHo Ha voAena a pruere
Ha xrHTopllTe, lt3nucaHu B rlrpKaara. Or ctunq npoxor rranrK npo3opeu tne!,a B [aoca
Ha rllp*Bara. [-{rpxaara e npa,fe'a f.ras'o or Jl.}fe' Ka\rbK, rra Mecra c nap'{era ryxnH, HO
Ha BHCOqHHa Ha topHtir npat Ha BbHrIrHaTaBpaTa, crpafaTa e onacaHa C TpH pela Tyxxrr.
c ryx,rx ca rpa!,eHH apKllre, KoHxara Ha ancrr.S,ara lr naH,raHTHBITe. Ha rrecta, oco6eso no
bt.rHTe Ha ctparara lr 3a Hanpagara Ha cBo,qoBere, e yflorpe6en
,{r,rar 6xrop. ,il,aa norca
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or AlpBelr rpeArr 3arsrar 3fiAoaere na ctpaAara. flo;1 ryx,reHrrl sr,6uar xopHlrr e o6rxa-
,'ltJ'l ABOeH peA OT xapaKTepHHTe 3a TbplloBCKaTa apXllTeKTypa l.4nHeHlI naHllqKI Il lIeTh-
prrnltcTHHuH, xoHTo ca 3ana3eHrr rt ao ,lHec npH TpHGfFolHaTa ancHAa H Ha 3anaAHaTa
Qa-
caAa. KynonlT Hrlra Kpbrb.1, npo6Hr or oce! npo3opeqa 6apa6aa, H3AHrlrar flaA K!'6nqHa
ocHoBa. fJxHeHIt naHllqK]r ca yKpacrBa.lH ll apx[BoJITHTe Ha npo3opeqHr.{Te apKH Ha K}'-
n o,1a
3.
3a acexH,xotTo e 3ano3lar c6c crapo6b,!rapcKara apxHTeKTypa BeAuara 6uar e oux pe-
anqa xapaKTepHH 3a Her
qeprH,
KoHro ca Ha,1rtte n !,o,rHa KalreHnqa. flaaHtr Ha Haoca
or rHna Ha cso6oAnHq Kpbcr e nraHa ua Ce. To,top n Eo6oueao, ti{arKara Eoqlrcxa q6pKBa,
qapKBara
B CanapeBa 6aHn, Ca. I-lerrp n Huxonoa n u'bpKBara rra PaxogHrtxHq rraHacrHp{.
TpucrpaHHara ancxAa ue navepnnr npH noqrH BcHqKH u'bpKBH na Tpanesuqas. ,I|eere xy,rrr
Ha npltTBopa, TaKa H3HeHa,[,BaqH 3a HsKoll lorOcraBcKH apxrrTeKTIJ ocBeH B r{ecTHoTo apxrt-
TeKTypHo HacJreAcTBo, ce cpeqaT a llt,peara 6rrrapcrca Abpxasa B npecJaBcKara aprlr-
TeKrypa
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ubpKBflre B narxelina n rra rraHacrHpa Ha Aapa.qaxa e flpecnaad, a npe: Bro-
para 6annapcKa A'bpxaBa ,].Be
qernplr6rllHx
Kv.rrH cB.t,p3aHH c npoxoA no\tex.l)'cn, e
lll,lano llaBepHO I nonleuteHHeTo AOJ'IeneHo OT 3ana,l IO nptlTBopa Ha Il1,piiBaTa Ce.
.10-rr]-
qeHll-tr
B Tr,puoooT. HaHcrlrHa LrerHpilcxarHr.rre
noKpHBrr Ha Ky,'tHTe e !,oaHa I(alrerrnqa
c lta"'IKflTe nttpaMHAKII B br,nHTe Hr{aT torHqecKrt BH,!,, Ho Hne ilc 3uaeN KaK Toqfio ca 6lr"ltt
rroKplrrrr nogo6Hrre Kynrr y Hac, rrfi xaro rroKpfirxero Ha Hhro e,fHa or rrx lie e 3ana3eno
.lo AHec. faHseHure naHHqKlI H
qerHp]L'IllcTHHU}l,
xapaKTepHI caulo 3a Tr,pnoacxara apxlr-
TeKTypa, yKpacrrBar rre calro BcHqKrr tltpKtsn or 13. n 14.
ger,
Ho Aop[ creHrrre Ha q6pK-
eara Ca. [nnrNrlp B TrpHoBo8, crpoeHa npeA].r ocBo6o)KAeHuero rra Er,rrapua or BH3aH-
rlrircxa e,racr, T!fi Karo npH neiiHoro ocBeutaBane (a ll86 r.) e 6auro o6qeerro BrcraHHero
rra .{ceu N flerrp. Apx. C. Hena.qoenve c npano e fan npHrrep or Hece6rpcxa Kbqa 3a tpe.
.x,Hre Ha AbpBeHoTo npe!J,BepHe Ha rl'bpKBaTa. !.'rpoeHo npeAABep{e ca INtaJ'lr..r, KaKro 3Hae\t
Ca. LIsaH a Mece:urpHr, 3eiueHcxata qapKBa, a no-K6cHo ur,pKBara Ha floraHoscrHs rra-
rracrupl0. Ha.runtr, no xoiiro ca yKpaceHrr rpeAnre Ha npHTBopa s .il,o,rHa l(alrenNrra e er-
ponTi{o nroA Ha crapara c,laBtHcKa rpaAl,trtxq Ha A6pBeHHr rpaAex. f]oAo6HH rpeAr! rr\ia
re caNro a Hece6rp, a u eXepaana, I(onpnaquua, fleosilue
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HaBcqKr,r,e a crapure 6ur-
rapcKH KbuIu xso6n,rcrayoar npHN{epH. I{t,pxsara e 6t,ra no,rypa:pyllreHa H nonpaBqlra la
rflKoJXo n!Trr, AoKaro e 1958 r. Ioroc.laBcxurIT HHcrlrryr 3a 3aulura Ha naNterHHlrRTe
ila;{y,'rrypara He n3BbprxH rpHx,'ruBa apxrrrexrypHa pecraBpaqHl ua naverHHrall, xaro
o4234
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no npoo. f. Eouxo.
8A q
ce e ptKoBoA[n or noAeJtt-tTe, 13n]lcarl I pbueTe Ha KTlrroplTc lra ulpKaara. Ilprr roaa
creHoflHctrre ca 6utw, yKpeneHrr n noqrrcreHll.
]'uac ragn ubpKea e:larKo no3nara, BbnpeKtl
q
B npHTBopa ir e xsnHcaH,,]lecnor Mfi-
xaHr'I. , cuH na qap iluxax,r", KoftTo uap 6u rrorr,l 1a 6r,,1e calro Muxat-r [IIurur,ras.
fhpel nTr rfl e cnorreuara or cpr6cxN yqeHH lr nbreuecrBeHHur. E.c.HH or rRx, Mrrln-
qeBlq,
a ilo lrero
'r
J.pyrx12, r{3,\oxaarlrin or rpeuHo
qereHe
Ha Haannca
Xr-fr
autpe"a
lr3nxcBerrero c ntuero Ha.Mrrxarr,T A6oroetiq (1458), lioiiro KparKo Bper\re e 6n,r ctynpaatr-
reJ'r Ha AecroTilua E,'reHa, BtoBriua Ha cpG6cKuR !,ecnor Jlaaap. M. BanrpoaHvls nlper ro
cBlp3Ba c Mlrxau,r lllrrrurras. V Hac npoQ. fI. Hxxosrr 3a npbs nrt o6tpxa BrrHMaHtre Hg
H8llnllca ao Aecnor .MHxaua, Karo crulo npeAfionaraue,
qe
roBa e caMfiflf .ltHxaxa lllrr-
uruaH. B xrnrara crr,,Crapo6ulrapcKara xrBonflc"H. MaepolrrHoelslAaea roqno qerene
x
TaJrKyBaHe Ha HaAnHca Ao AecnoT Mnxax,r, KoroTo cMrTa 3a clrH Ha Mxxaxa lllnuryas rr
npaau xparrK nperre: Ha creuonncHre. C Hero cc conH!,aprl3npa u npoQ. A. Eypuool8.
IIpea 1950 r. cpt6cxHnr yqen B. neTXoBHv, xoiiro B no-paHo e nlrcan 3a naverHHXa, BKJlo,r-
sa ,llorxa KaueHru,a s ceor ,,flperasl'l7, xato cqnra,
rJe
Aecnor ,,MBxaHt e caMocroel
BnaaeTen Ha BlrAuHcKara o6,1acrn urpxBara e or XIV
g.".
flerxoenq or6eergga H relrnep-
Hara rexHuxa Ha creuonuchre. llpes crqara ro;lrrHa r3.re3e crarlrrTa Ha M. I P. ,t!o6nH-
xonHvls, Koxro pa3rrexAaxa 3a nprB nbr Ilrouorpa$ltlHo cTeHonlrcfiTe. l'e rrr rtarHpaxa or
Kpafl Ha 14. H Haqaaoro Ha 15. sex x 6rxa cxaoHr*t .u.a npeAnonoxar Kaxro MfiaHceaHq,
qe B Haln}lca craBa AyNa sa ]llrxaH,r A6orosHq
-
Aure,4oerq. Bcru.tuocr, KaKTo ca}ttt Ka3-
sar, Te ocraBflT Brnpoca ,,orKprrr"r0. B e,qua .r,ocra o6crofiua crarnq llanrrcala no loBoa
Ha rqxuara, rcrocxaBcKara rrcropHqKa iU. leutli20, riaro pa3rnexAa lcropnqecKlTe AoKy.
rlefiTtl tl AaHrll, cTllra Ao ll3BoAa Ha MaapoAttuoa n 6yp,lroa H TBap;lo no.lAbpxa cTaHoBrr-
luero,
qeAoptr
crelontrcnre,la ca or xpar ta l{. uex,BubpKBara rre }toxeAa 6ble tr3ngcalr
;rpyr Aecnor Mnxaln, ocBeil cHHa Ha Muxan,r lllNu.Iirax. Tn loxa:oa,
qe.,lo
oanaqero clr
iloA TypqHTe, Aonsa KaltettilUa He e BJItl3ala B rpanHqHTe ua cpt6cxara ,I6pxaBa H B HH-
xofi cnyqafr ne 6t rror.na,la ce cB6pxe c Mrrxala A6orosuq. Heirsoro craHoBHqe Br3trpilerra
H Apyr cp!6cxn lrcropHx
-
E. OepHaHunq2l. Orroraga:oAHec Hfixoii He e ngca,{ Hr.trllo 3a
utpxBara ocBeH aKaA. K. Mrrqree2l, xot'rro roaoprr 3a apxnreKTypara ir, a HeriHnre crerro-
nHcx 3acnyxasaT aa cTaHaT ,locToqHHe Ha Haullq
qHTaleJr.
Bcuuxn ar,tpeurHrr creHlr Ha ubpKgara, lopn n re3tt B Kyn]rre, ca H3nucaHfi. ocrarrxrr or
xllBonxc e HMa.,'ro ll B.]BeTe HHrlr]r HaA BpartrTe Ita 3aflaAHaTa BtHtuHa creua. I(yno.lrr e 6lra
cpyreH B 1923 r. u or HeroBHTe creflonlrcr He e ocraHa,lo rrxulo. B ancl,qara e 3ana3efta
Eoropolnua Ha rpoH c .J,erero Hcyc,
gao6lxoaena
or ABa apxaHre,la B
'luneparopcKp
jlpexl.
floa ueq, orAeJIeHa c oplraNreHTa.,'IHa rBlrua, Hi\rarre cbBcerlr Heo6HxrroeeHHa pe.raKL(flq lra
floxaoxenne ra xeprBara (Ile,r rcxoc).
B Haoca na qbpxaara creuonlcHTe ca pa3npeAeneHn B Tplr perxcrlpa:
AonHHrr
-
H3n6.r.
rex c rplrrypx fia cBeTurr B uqn prcr, ropHHTe 1sa
-
roo6pasRBaulH cueHH or Xpncroanr
xrBor, Karo l-o,'lelrxre u6pKoBHH npa3HHuff ca npe.lntuHo B cBoAoBere, a cuenure or Crpa-
cTHara ceAltHqa
-
BaB BTopHr perlrcTrp.
CueHure B TperrrR perncrt'p ca Haii-nocrpa,la,ru. Or noBeqero ca ocraHa.'Ilr cauo rppar-
IteHu. B apxara Hail aficilAara ca 3ana3eHx rre,q,arlroHr{ c o6pa:lt Ha cBerqH, ABa or KoHTo
ca Ha xeHl. Ha u:roqHara creHa B 6errara llra ocraHKH or Aa,ttrarnKa, lroxe 6x or o6paa
lra npopoK. B lrrroqHara qacr
or cBo:a Ha roxHoro palro e cbtipaHeHa ]ralKa
qacr
ot
pox-
Aecrao XprcroBo, xoero npo,f6r'rxaga lr BJroHera Ha roxnara creua.B 3anatHara qacr
Ha
c!ull{r cBoA e 6t,ro CpereHxero. flo,rogxrrara,'rroHer H toxHara
qacr
Ha cBo.la B ganaAHoro
paMo ca 6u,rn :aerH oT Kplu{elrre Xpucroao
-
B ,'rroHera urra
Qparrrenrx
or
$rrypara ua
o6'rpHar HaJ'rrBo aHre,r c yBHTr plue. B ,tpyrara nor'toBHHa or roHeTa tr ceBepnara qacr
Ha
cBoaa e 6Hro Nsnucaso llpeo6paxeHue, Kaxro rroxe Aa ce 3aK,'rloqil or ABeTe Qurypa
xa
naJHarl, arocro,'lrr
-
eJ,Ha B Jonera x ,lpyra
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B Ao,'ruara ,rqBa qacr
Ha cBoAa. B ceaepxttr
JltoHer, axo ce cb,lr no
Quryprrre
Ha eoirHHuI Br'rrBo l,t ocTaHKItreoTtr3o6paxeHueroua npa-
Boarb,letl nPt'Altet (capxo$ar ttxH cy6ne,l,afleyu) aArcHo e 6uno uro6pa:eHo floceqeHlrero
Ha xeHnre ltxpoHocKH lra rpo6a x,rH Cr,:a xa flnaar. To:n perrrcrrp, xofiro :aatputaa npH
ocHoBara Ha cBo;toBere e or,{eJlcH or J,o.lHHfi c KopHtr3 or prrcyBalrH 6e,trr naalretlr, :ar-
Ropexil B c6pueBn,r,Hlr no.'rera
-
opHalteHT, noriro ce cpeqa tr Ha Tpaueanqa (urpxea
jtit
8), o ur,pxoara npn AceHooa Kpcnocr Ha caqoro rrrcro, a u B,tpytn 6a.nxaucxn nanerHtruH
or [r'pBara noroBuHa H cpeAara Ha l,l. rex231 KaKTo ilHarAllararaneHTa npea ancHaara.
BropNrr norc 3anoqaa c 6,naroaculeHlrero, or :,Bere crpagx Ha orrapa.CaelsarCpeqara
Ha Mapur n Earcaeera, Blaxpecenuero Ila,rla3ap, Tairrrara Bet{epr, BJ.ur3alrero e frep1'-
caanv, Ite,lyorara sa IO.fa, Vcnenne Eoropo,trruilo, Csa,rqHc or Kplcra rr On,rargaHe.
Ha.1 rrurata ra npocKorcr.fnqra HMaue rreaa.ruo' c 6r,ocra Ha enHcKon. B nrpeur perx-
crbp, aKo rparHelt or o":lrapa Ha ror, ue arJ,tHrr Cnrreolr Crr,rnulrx, fpnroprrir 6oroc;roo,
Eoropog.nqa Cxoponoc,ryu:ure!'rHrua, Feoprrr jluacoprrxc,
Doropo;Nua Eaeyca, Ha
xotTo.lBal\ra KTHTopH
'r
eLHo leTe no.tHactT Mo.:l,c.la Ha ubpKBaTa, Ipyrfi,lBaila KTITop]t
_
lron8cII, cBerlrurlTe Mapuxa tt He.1eae, ca. cB. J'reqHTe,'rg Ko3lra rr,4,artrx, Kogcragrng x
Eaeua, ca. Hnxo,ra, lloarr Kptcrlrrc;r lr Xpxcroc flarrroxparop Ha rpoH.
Ha xsroqrrara creHa rony HMa xunraunrr lra 6naa .:lpanepxq c
qeprrr
K
qepBeuH
KeHapH
tl opHatreHTrr oT T]tna H3BecTe[ Hrr oT ul,pKB[Te ra Tpanesrrqa, oco6euo r(rpKBa ]Is ll.
Ha orxocNre Ha Bparara KtM lraoca ca HapHcyBaHH no eAtlH xplcr or no
qerupfi
uBqra:
I
ti
il
it
;i
il
I
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qepHo, cBeTna oxpa, TlnHa oxpa il Ka+sBo, c )KeJlaHIteTo ila cc tlMHrtlpa pa3pt3aHa abcKa
H HliHuHarHreT ii
xrrr
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Hcyc Xpxcroc no6c.lH'
B npnroopa CBo,Iqero c 3aelo H3[rr'Io OT cUeHH ll3 xtlBoTa Ha EOTOpOAu{a. Te sanOqsar
HaI Bxo.lnaTa Bpara lt o6ttxa,rqr llaAsCIIO--B IlenpeK'bcHaT
Qpla.
Cera ca 3ana3eHH OrXerp-
rrHeAapoBere Ha I4oaxult n AHa, 3aoptu.aHero Ha Hoanuin u AHa, 6naroaeqeHne Ha Hoa-
xH[r, E,raroseueH]Ie ]la Ana, Cpeutara IpK 3narHure Bpara, Poxaecleo Eoropoa1tutro,
MH,rsaHe Ha vaJKara Eoropoanua, Eraroc,rosHsra Ha rpHMara cBeueuHuI{ t't B'sseaeHxe
EoropoAnvno B xPallta.
Ha usroqHara creHa HaA Bparara e H3nHcaHa Eoropo;1r.rua OaHrarpux B 6tocr, orparega c
ruHpoKa oplraMeHTa,lHa paMKa. B napBHq pefHcTlp, aKo ce rplfHe or BpaTara 3a Haoca
Ha.qrcHo, BHlKAatrle cB, npoKonufr, flanre.ryeilroH I.i Ep:uonafi, Teoaop Tnpou I Teoaop
Crparr,rar Ha KoHe, J,ecnor Muxar,r It )KeHa i\ty, ca. ,ilnrturlp ct,uro Ha KoH, 3ocHM N Mapxl
Ernnercxa u Apxaure,l Mnxaun BaB BoeHHH ,u,pexlt.
fopH}lar erax Ha npHTBopa Bc6u{Hocr npeAcraBrl'Ba J.Be cB6p3aHH napaKJtilcqera:
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Io}K-
Horo nocBereHo Ha ce. flerxa, ceBepHoro-rta ca. HHxoaa. Btg scqxa or J,Bere Ky"'IH ca
lr3nHcaHH cueHlr oT xrrTHtTa Ha CbOTBeTHHt Csereu. B apKlipaHara HItua Ha.l npo3optlero
xbl{ Haoca e 6u,ra uapucyaaHa BepotrHo ce. llerxa
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JHqar r'ra$opnar r KptcrltT B ,ltcHara
pbKa. ocraHanaTa xuBonHc Ha H3ToqHaTa cTeHa e c'bBceN yHHUIoiKeua. B ryurute xnao'
nilcra e 6x,ra a vernpu perlrcrtpa, Ho or Hait-ropHltq He e 3ana3eHo noqrn HHU{o. Or ;xH-
THero Ha cB.llerKa B rolKHara Ky.JIa Brr)K,r,arre B Tperuq perucrtpi PqgaHe :r{ecara Ha cse-
THuara H M'lqeHueto c 6oAeue2{, cB. Ilerxa B Ka3aH, no.l xofrro,x,BaMa naJIaq}! no.r,K,'ra)KAar
or6Hs, cB. flerxa paaroeapt .tpHuoiiHHX ce rorBlt aa
q
orBeAe Ha cr{!pr. BlB
BTOpHq perrrcTbp ce BHx!,a cBeTHIlara Ha K,raAa 6eg ,l,a ca tcHll noApo6HocTHTe, c,'Ie,u, ToBa
ABallta Maxe c nonar[, KoHTo ]\to)Ke 6u :apnnar cB, neTxa B fljlra c Bap, Ho He ltoxe ,x,a cc
pa3nxql HHruo noBe{e, Orcnqanero rraBara Ha cB. nerKa II HeirHoro florpe6eune. BAnciro
or npo3opeua Ha 3anaaHara crena 3anoqBar cueHnre or xHTltero Ha cs. Hnrona: Tpnre
rto:vtqera or AuApuaxlln B TIMHHrla H cg. HHxora cnllpa nleqa Ha naraqa. B rpernR pertt-
cr6p e cueHara,B KoflTo cg. HHxora c'u6apn n,u,o",rtre B xparta n Prxononarasero IIa cBc-
Teua 3a cBeuteHHK H 3a enucxon. Bte oropHn perncrlp Ha ceBepHara cteua: Cs. Huxorta
ce rBrrBa Ha c6H Ha r{uneparop Koucraurltit, Ha H3ToI{Hara
-
Vxpornoauero Ha 6ypnra
n ocraHKH or Apyra cr{eHa. B napBuq perncrl,p
-
cB. Haxo.ra Ir3Be}KAa noMqerara or rb:\t-
Hguara. B ntpenn perncrtp Karo ce 3anoqHe or rcxHara creHa, ca u3nHcaHH BoenHttre l1 IO
cgeru.H Hecrop n
"rlyn,
cenefrHa xrnropcKa xoMno3r.tuHs, cs. EarltNrufi, cn. CreSau Hoan
H eInH tlrogax aToHeu, B Ma,rxaTa HHua Ha ceBepHaTa cTeHa
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cs. Po,\taH, B cBoAa Ha ceBe-
pol.t3ToqHara HHua Xp[croc ,,no-crap ot Auure", a Ha orKoca BAqcHo
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enncxon. HaI
xrHTopcKara Koltno3lrl,Ht ca uso6pa:eHn n 6ocr rpxirra rcHoutr c rttrleHHqecKH KpbcroBe,
Tpl.tBGpxH ua[Kll H H3ToqHr{ Kocrro}m. BeporrHo AHaHufi, Aeapufi N Mncaxa ltau Manyx;t,
Casen n Hclrart,r.
Ttfi xaro crarrrra ua M. n P. Jlto6xHxoeltq, Koqro Aocra noApo6Ho pa3rnexAa rlKoHo-
rpaSunra Ha creHonnc[Te2n e neqatana npeglr lg roAnHH, B TeqeHHe Ha KoHTo 6qxa noqlr-
cTeHH H H3Aa.IeHU :ltHOrO CpeAHOBeTOgHU 6a,tXaHCXII CTeHOnHCrr, UIe OT6ene)KHM TyK rraBHO
ToBa, xoero e Heo6xoAtttro 3a non!,4BaHe ua nxoHorpaQcKrTe AaHHH !t yrortHqBaHe .{arH-
poBXaTa Ha IIaMerHfiKa.
Txntr Ha .Me,rucrroca
-
floxnosenne Ha xeprBara, ryK e H3K,rroqnre,ruo nurepeceH. flpx
no-BHr{t\rareJ'rHo BrnexaaHe B n6pEara EoqHcxa xHBonHc u,(e Brr.n,htt,
qe
Ha onTapHHt npe-
cTOn Ca nOCTaBeHH AHCKOC6T H nOTHpl'T e,nHH ilo Apyr Ir B IHCKOCa nexn Ua,rxXRr Xptl-
croc raKa, ue 6rr rpa6oaro xpaKara lry Aa ca Bbpxy norripa, KaKTo B !,o.lHa l(arreuNua.
lloAo6Ho e pa3noJroxeHuero Ha,u,Bara claa B ubpKBara npN AceHoaa xpenoct26,.Ho n3o-
6paxeHrero Ha Xpncroc e pa3pyureHo. He no-rraaxo HHTepecHE ca s Ao,IHa I(arreHuua
,nBaNrara
q6pKoBHlr oTul.r, KoHro npHcTanBaT 6,larocaaaflirxri,6e:ia Hocrr B ptue o6uuai-
HHTe cBHT6ul. EA[HcrgeHnqr naMerHnK, KlAero ule rI{ Blrarrr{ raxa, e Eoropoarrla flegt,tu-
xa e flpuopeHgr (1307). Toea noxagsa, ue n:o6paxeHuero e r:l,o"rHa I(arrenuua Hilra cBoure
KOpeHH B i\tecrHaTa Tpaaurll]s,
qIHTo
]\tex^q]rHHh 3BeHa He ca HH n03llaTr.l. EApure xplcrooe
rra
$eaorure,
pas6lrn y ffoaH 3,raroycr Ha oraeJlHH tr,rt,t, asoitHl.rte K,'IaBH, nncKlorttre
Ira olro$opxre, Hanoiltuqr nanrerHurrure or 13. oex,oco6eno Cono,{aau, a ir caunrrr rxn Ha
Bacu,rnil Be,rnxn e 6rus1,x !,o conoqaHcxuq28.
I-logeqero cueHH B u6pxBara ca cbcraBeHr..r no-xapaKTepHHTe sa s,{saHrrrilcKoro n3KycrBo
Ha KolrutrHoscxara enoxa crpofx r{ ,'raKoHxqHH rrxoHoiparpcxtr cxeltrr. VqacrHgrture ca cBe-
reHH ,no ITHHHMyT\r
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no ABa
yqeuHKa ete Ba:xpeceuliero I{a.Ilasap u BntraaHeto s flepy-
caJnNr, rr,'ln H:o6pa:euu s c6ltrrt rpyntr. flapa,re,'IIt Ha no-ro.rsMara
ttacr
or re3H cqeH[ Iqe
Hanreprrrr rJraBHo R Co, Bpauu n l(ocryp x a 6onxa, a 3a IIflKor{ or rax II s Cs. Hnxo,ra s
npHrencKlrr Bapourgc.
I
I
I
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aaBa Bb3MoxHocr aa Hrr(o11 6eaexxlr orxocgo lrxouorpaentra.'Oano""n",
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ra Mapxa e HanrJrHo pa3pyrreH
or
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qacr
ua'cqe'ara e ocra*a,la cavo caaouen ;o KyI'Ie,ra, xBaHara KpaKara Ha Ma.lxHF Xpncroc 3a,r,a l{e pxra. lope BArcHo,.4Hqll ceaHa_
arnr PlocxQ H noa Hero
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oBua, xoqro so6e ,Hcra or erHo ApbBrre. flrcuara
qacr
Ha
pox-
aecrBoro B ,,lroHera Ha rcxHara crena, u:o6pa:agaua
Eaaroaeqeurrero Ha oBqapHTe, e npe_
BrpHara B xaHpoBa crreHa' TyK HMaMe xaiaKrepHoro 3a KanaAoxnficxxru nrnilr"nun p... \
,ileJItHe Ha J,Bere cue'n. Tpq6ga
Aa ce or6eauxx, ve a l(apue AXantH,, ,r.r";;;;';;.;;"
orreaeHx30, xoero o3lraqaBa, ,{e
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no3nara or Eganre,:nero JVe b a flaprrcxara
ABopuoBa 6n6axotexa32 (li.^;";i
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xr.rero ocBeH TOBa, Hralre no,u,o6eu KonopHTeH pr.rrrrf, a H Ha noKpHBa Ha crpa-
rara 3ai1 Xpncroc u{e Bx,r,Hilr crqHr aKaHToB
,,u*por"p"ii,., xoriro crutecrs yru- n
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na ptxonncx. Cxeltara pa3BHBa B cMHcL4a ua llapu.
cxoro eBaHre,[He M 5 rrna.3acrrneg
s Dosga u 3eveH _
"'norn
oo ion"-.] ri*"p
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orcpeqHHt xpai x IO,1a Kant cpelara xa :\racara. lII,o ce ornacn
Ao Ha,{HHa, no xoiiro e nrrn-
T{paH rtpaMopbr Ha uacara ryx, r baaroc,roBHffTa Ha cseuleHgqHte3r B npHTBopa, Ka}iro
|I a npn3e]llHl.lfl perlcrtp Ha ancHAara, tofr ce cpeula He caMo a ConovauN, Ho tr B creHonHcH
nax or I3. gex
s Ca. Huxoaa s Me,rHux, a I s flarMoc35 ,t ro BlB BaBeAegtre Eoropoau,{Ho g
xpaMa, Koero rMa ctrrlara cxeMa Karo n !o,:Ha Kauexu[a, 3aroBa He juoxe
aa 6iae apry-
MeHT 3a no.KtcHa
AarxpoBxa. B llpe4areacrooro
ra IOAa gofiuxqnre
ca o6aeqenn B c6Bpe_
rleHHH nJIereHH pll3Hr.iull,
xaKBaro tocx x Teogop Crparx,tar B rrpHTBopa. Tps6ga la or_
6eaexxlr, ,le
roqHo raKHBa pH3H'uH c qep'H
*rr*n**n na 6na rpoH u:'a s nlrn xru
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ir"]""jj"*.t
B creHonxculre N:o6paxexun, mri xaro re ca Hafi.pasnpocrpaneurr
a 12. u
Hsxarcqttteago
lrHTepecHo e VcneHgero Eoropo.qnqHo. Herogara cxe\ra c BcuqKu anocro-
,tlr{ or,d'rcllo, a.a8aila enHc(onH ]I ner a[re.4]t .-
BrrBo, Aocxopo 6eute noqtn neno3lrara,
12
axo He ce cltqra Cs. 40-ntqexHurl e TrpHoao3T, xaaero anocro.rrHTe ca clqo BAscHo, a B.rrsBo
cefa ca 3ana3eHx ABaMa enncKonn lr erHH aHte,l BaB BoeHttH Apexu. C H3AaBaHero Ha cre-
Honxcnre or l(ocryp o6ave, exxgalre cluara cxeua
-
c ner aHre.rra H ABaMa en[ckona
or eAnara crpana H anocro,'rrre or apyrara B ABa naNrerHnKa or l2-13 sex38 N ro xe a norpe-
6aluoro uecrBne, a HuellHo B caMoro Vcneuue. ToqHNqr 6poii Ha aHrernre no6a3Ba, qe
cuenara e cbcraBelra no onpeAeneH Texcr, B xoliro e 6uaa nocoqesa rqxnara qgc.rreHocr.
Moxe 6n fl B IIbpBaTa EogHcxa xllBonilc crleHaTa aa e r{jlrana cbulaTa cxeila, HO TOEa He
MOxe Aa ce rBbp,J,u c6c otrypHocr. Ta:u cxervra IIle flaNtepHN
g l.l. gex
e flporaroua n Cne-
ra lopa H Cs. HHxoaa Kxprrux o l(ocrypao. E,rtlrrx napaae,'Ilt 3a noKpgBKara Ha cMlpr-
HOTO nOXe,IaBaT CTeHOnHCXTe Or 1259 r. A 6OnUar0, KIAeTO ITOTHBIT e Cbu.lufi H To KBaa.
paTHo pa3nonoxeH Il KaaeTo ue BH,Ll.llr H crulaTa AplxKa Ha KaaHJIHHuaTa npH rIaBaTa Ha
EoropoAuua. HartHarflqr cnxpatoBx,tHo vaprra$ no,r, Eoropo,lHua ule Har\lepHu s Eaqxogo
x Xuqaal.
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TptHerrHrr Beueq Ha Xprrcroc, c Kofrro roli e yrenvaH H B npu,'rencKua Cn. Hnxo,la, Ca.
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rre
rope Ha xarlra ,rHcar
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or
Snrypara
Ha Cxvos, xoilto Hocx xprcra.
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/t,eTo rnaBHHTe yqacTHHur'1, TflxHoTo pa3no,,loxeHHe, pa3nptcBaHeTo Ha HepycaJltlrrcK]tTe
)KeHn HacrpaHt-t, lo,lrotcxrrrr Kpacr BnrBo (raro a flpH"'len) rr rraqeull-tTe arrre,'rH,
cbulo rrABar or su:aHruricroto x3ryctsors. Carrro.re HauHrrr rraiicrop e yBeJ'rxqnn 6pon rra
)KeHHTe, paslroo6pa:r.r rexHlre croiixtr rr )KecroBC u or oSHtIfia,r]rara norpe6aaua cueHa
e cb3rax eana HaHcrrrHa apavarHqHa Koun03lrunq. IIo,roxeHrero_rra Maprrr,rtrtoau-u Iio-
cuQ ApNlrareiicxN, a r croiixltre rIa HqKolt or xeHhre H attteJ'lHTe ue Br.r.u,Hlr B Haqar,roro
Ha BeKa n B TBopqecrBoro rra.llsxalr,,r lt Eerlrxl.tiilr, tro rau BcrcKn ca cK) flceHK o*oro ,rroro,
noJ1o)t(eHo Ha Haarpo6HHq KallaK.
Pelltqara or neAaJHoHH no anclrAHara apxa
qecro
ce cpeua B ,r3n[canHTe or Mtxat,r lr
Egrnxrrri uapKBx, Hanplluep Ce. KalrrreHr s Oxpx:, Ho xa Tpane:ltt1a rII e Hrlrato B nrpBara
)KHBonHc rra ubpxria M 8 (12. aex)45.
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rapa. Harrcrrua va,lKo rai\rerHruu ulI npe,i,"'Iarar cbulara nKoHonpaQun Ha cBcrcua, 1o
roBa ca naK Co. Bpavlr s l(ocryp rr Cs. Hrrora o flpulen{6, xtaero roii e Ha cbtt1oro }tqcro
t,
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qe BHAHM KaKTO 6olaro yKPaCeHlIfl C aKaHT Xanl,lTe,r H OrpaaKara'
TaKa
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ropoAr.rqa". Ts Arpxn 4erero Hcyc,xoeTo e c Kaca p[3Ka H roJr]r xoreHe Ha A'tCEara cR
prl(a, Tnn KofiTo
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Aa or6enexHM,
qe noAo6Ho H3o6pa)+(eHHe Ha EoropoAnlla HI\la Ha ceBepRhq npHonrapetl
crra6 s Cs. CoQxn a Oxpua. To noKa3Ba,qe uafrcrop-rr
qe ce e nprabpxsr'l B ltcrHz Tpa'
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BHuxa B flpuspen (1307) n Ha 6pou:oann pereQ r fl,'ros,l,llscxxq lvtysefia8' Koero e MHoro
6augxo !,o Ao.qHoxarireHxuxoro-
Ho u E.neyca, r' e. SoropoAllua, xoqTo HocI.I Ha3BaHuero
,,iluaocrxga,,Ha ctceAHaTa cTeHa H Ha KO'TO KTUTOpHTe noAFacqT [IOAe./la Ha qtpKBaTa,
caulo He orroBapt na nxoHorpaQcxufl cu rl-tn. Hso6HaHero ua EoropoAnuHl o6parx-ecr'uto
lrecTHa
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cBerelr noqtrran B
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cxlr. flpn cs. KoHcraHrNs r E,resa rpq6Ba Aa or6erexulr,
I{e BeHqeTO Ha Kpbcra,ocBelt D
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Ce. EaeHa60 ca 6,rttgxx Ao AoaHoxaltesKuIKHTe u carlo
qeprl{Te xcryAe}luq roH Ha,lHuero
aa HauJara EaeHa ot.rtx'{agar ABere uao6paxeHnr. Tpn6oa la ot5caexnrt cbtt\o'qe ABerc
E.rerru, a H cB. HeAerq npH rlac Hocnr caulnTe xr'la\ln!,'t' H
qe KopoHHTe H\I ca e,nHaKBIl c
raax *a AecnorkUara
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*nuu.
l.l"rnp"te,,E"
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qrrpHaann Kp6cT Ha npo3opeqHHf oTKoc, B cTeHonrictrTe npH 6epeu,le, KolITo ,qaTnpaT oT
nri""ru no"'toBHHa ua 14. sersl ca Ha caltHTe parrefia Ha Kpbcra I pbqere IIa Kottctattrlttl
Ir E.reHa. Carrrnnr Haunn, nO XOiiro e HapHcyBan KpacT'r'T, oT llqKO,lKO pa3IHtIHlt TOIIa Ha Ka-
OqBo
H oxpa, xapaKTepeH3aAo;rHa Kartegrua
(raxra e tt foarotcrHqt KpbcT H pa:utrfrua-
,tfiTe xprcToBe Ha oTXocHTe Ha BpaTaTa u neiixara s Tat'tHara neuepr) qc BHarlNl H npl{
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u Enesa a 6oqHa'
B npHraopa rrex:y o6pasrr B llEjl pbCT Hafi.rtgoro nPllB,,'IllqaT BHnllaHl{eTo rpllTc l(oHllrl
nso6paxeHIn Ha BoeHH]{ CCeTUN: TeoAop'frlpon tt Tco,lop crparrr,IaT lla 3anl,lllara cTella
rr Ce.,llBvNrlp
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IOCeta 8f,M3 no-paHHIl KoHHrl tr36paxeHnt Ha BoeHHS CBeTUI.I I n6pRIlR perncT]p
(cr, flpoxonnfi e lle,lnsx e 86B BropH nonc), no KaKro
PeA[rla KanaAoxxiicrr
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6elegpUxag I<OH, TaKa K MHOro CTeHOnHcu Ha ocTPOB Kpr;r;r, n:O6pagqgat cgetxte sofit{tl
rra KOHe oue oT MHOrO paHHa enoxa. Tara, ue TtxHoTo HaIHgKe a !,O,lHa KaUeHnUa He illox{e
Aa 6tAe peuuTe,lHo 3a AaTflpaHeTo Ha nalleTHHKa. 3a roga no-cKopo MOIaT Aa nOCJIyxaT
TexHaTa
QpoHra.nHocr,
n,leTeHLITe IiIl pH3HtillH, yKpacaTa Ha tr{I{ToBere uM, KoHTo qe BH.UHj\l
s 3erreH H Apyrlr
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rrrrpgrr ce cpeqaT,OcBeHnpu noprpeTa Ha HBaH A,rexcaH:tp s Daqxoscxara KocrHEua H
B ApyrH HauH CTeHOnHcIt, I.t TO HI\{eHBo KaTO yKpaca Ha rt<eHcKa J,peXas;. TOga x:O6paXenlrc
c oTAeIeHO or Uao6paxeHUeTO Ha CB. 3OCs:rt lt Maptln ErUnercKa B CeBepoU3TOqHaTa Hlltlla
c
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;la He Sa6paaal(e,
qe
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rpaQcxrr oco6eHocru, c H3KJIloqeHIle Bplqaue AapoBere tta Hoarllv r AHa, xl;ero npt'J'
I.loaxrn u Aua xrra aaHera H (Qpecxara c :,ocra pa3pytlleua) xaro
qe I4oaxH:'t Hocll eAHo ts
prqe. 06lrxHoeeHo 3HaeI{,
qe Te HOC9T rr,,'rr6u, Ho IIa cTeHofll{clre or 13. eer a Tpanc-
,)',,A, *u*ro H B Te3r'r or l3l4 r. e -&lrt,ryrxlotara
q'bpKBa a CryAeuruass
qe BHAIl\t acHc ts
pbuere Ha l{oaxH;n. HaNcrltHa,:ocera He e H3BecreH Apyr narlerHHK' K'bJero re Bo'ltlr
irpel ce6e crr argera. Moxe 6n, ryK ce cpeqar{e c6c cbu,iara c"la5ocr Ha Hault{q :vtailcrop
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Ilepx6paxnl{nopaIIeTeHa}{oMHt]eTaTaaPoxAecrgoBoropo.r,uvHottsMn,'IgaHeroHaEoro.
po.tltu,a rroxen Aa Hallepx\r Ha TAKaHTa OT nt,pBaTa no,'IoBtlHa tta I l. sex :anagetta s 6art'
b.pr.*uru xare.tpa,rabe, KrAero e lao6pa:eH rpxyrvr$r,r Ha Bactt,ttlri Bropn uaA,laere Br,'r'
rapcKH A!pxaBs
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ll:ro'lHara u 3anagnara'
B eraxa HaA npHTBopa ule or6orexult,
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qecro ce
cpeqa B tlapKBilTe Ha Tpane:trua60, oco6crto B ur,pKlla iVs l3' a 6pottnra rly
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pbrtere Ha aToHel(a ule BxllffIr y jlqKOrrHTc a EOnnad2, a.,Xpxcroc a rpo6a" ocBcH B IlPo-
,arnan"ru HlltrrH Ha Ce. !,ltrtlrrtp
n Ttpnoeo, I'pa:au,
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h,4
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KOna op+aHoc a co,ryH83. E!,Ha crearfitosa HKoHKa or 12. eex c ro3n cpxer HarrepeHa B
HoeropoA, ,qBe MHnHarropn B eBarrrer'rHero or I(apaxxcap, KaKTo H eaHa rpauxa Mo3aHqHa
[KoHa or Kpan Ha 13. eex noxaseard{, ue roea xeo6paxeHre He juo'xe
Aa 6tae H3non3ysaHo
KaTO apryj\{eHT 3a no-KbcHa aaTHpoBKa.
3Haelr,
qe
r\roulnre Ha flapacreea Entrgarcxa H,rlr ce. nerxa TrpHoecxa, KaKTo e H3BecrHa
y Hac, ca 6r,'lx npeHeceHu n Ttpuoao no Hapex!,aHe lra qap haau Acerr II, I
qe
HrreHHo ABop-
uoBara [apKBa ua l{apeseu ce e Hapxqara Cg. flerxadi. flplr rooa noJ,rox<eHfie He e
qyaHo,
qe
IoXHoTO napaK!'IHC'{e e noCBeTeHO Ha Ta3H CBeTltUa H B XynaTa Ca 6untt nSO6paSeHn Ueri-
HHTe MbqeHHq. B ctarnqra Ha JIIo6HHXOSII,{ e noco9eHo86,
qe
ryK ca B3erH ereMeHTH OT Xl{-
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HauraTa
cs. nerxa e no3Hara xaro na3r{Te.txa Ha cralara n lroxe 6lt, ToBa e fonpngec,lo 3a He}i-
HoTo H3nlicBaHe ryx. B rean xl,lrltlcTH Irecra rJaBt]fiqr noMtilt1,K e 6fin cxoroglAcrBoro t{
TOBa e,XaJ'IO CBOeTO OTpalKeHHe.qopH Bbpxy )KltBonxcTa Ha ila,,rKaTa (bpKBa.
Ko'rxoro aa ca. llrrxora, Kolryro e nocBereHa ceBepr{ara Kyr'ra-napaK,rrrc, roii e e,luu or Haii-
noqltraHrrre cseruu ugo6uo. Herosoro )KfiTHe e n3I]tlcaHo n a Eorria67, a \rHoro 116pKaH ra
6a;rxaHttre o OxpuI Co,ryH, I-lpnaen, MaHacrnp lt.lp. ca 6B,ru nocgcrexlr rrerry68. Tyx e
sa or6e"lqggaHe, qe
HKoHorpaQltnra tta ncropHqTa c rpHrrara soiiso.lrt e H3noJr3yBaHa 3a
rcroptrra r na rprrltara rol{oruri or Arr,lpuaxna, raro e .qo6aseu elnr3oA,I xoriro cg. Hlr-
KO.Ia, C"llel KaTo trr e cnac[,l oT cM6pT, rH H3Be){{]a H3B6H CTeHrrTe tra rpala.
I-lor"'re:tlara Karo us'ro ltxottorpa$urra Ha narrerrRKa x:\ra Bpb3xa c rralterHHurrrc or (olr-
rnrHoBcxl.tfl nepuoJ, BbB sltgarrrniicxoro l3x) crBo (l l.-12. eex). lo,rnrrara rdyna Aeqa sr,s
B'lrgaHero r llepyca:rlrrr, soirHHte-xoHr{uun, E,rarogeuteHrero Ha oRqaptrre, roBopsr 3a
R,rHtrrHe oT xtrBonttcTa Ha Kana,loKniicKtlTr rreqepHn q6pKBH.
HO pe: oco6eHocTx H
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raii"'rt', xato pa3Br.rrHTe cueH]r Ha on,taxsaHero rr,trr 6.raroaeuleHfiero Ha oBqapHTe H,{p.
noKa3BaT, ve nxouorpa$cxHTe cxelrtH ca seqe o6orateHrl c eJ'reirerrTr{, xapaKTepHtl 3a]t3Ky-
crBoro Ha 14. aex, r{aKap lt re Aa He ca !,olxrH TyK or na.'rcor,roroBcKara )xttBonuc. 3a xpar
Ha I'1. Bex Karo Bb3nolKHa rara 3a rr3nhcBaHoro ira uapKBara, c,reAnpHBexaaHero Ha HoBHrr
cpaBHrtreJren MarepHa.rr, lre uox(e Aa craBa lr Iyrra. Ha ocrrosaHKe rra rxoHorpaQltqra cno.
KOIiHO I{oxetf Aa oTrrece]l nanreTHHKa xrlr 20-re rolr{Hri Ia I.1. scx, r. c., Kbj!( UapyBaHcTO fla
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nnclJrra, qe
eArra Il crula rrecrHa rpa.(I{ulrfl ute e,qa,'ra xilBor ri lla ABara na:rrerllrra. I(arro
y Hac pe/fnlla ilKolrorpaQcKrl oco6euocrtt xapaKTcpru:a cpt6cxoto ll3xycTBo oT Ha'{a,IoTo
rra 14. gex
npougKBar
qaK c"'IeA naAanero na Et,rrapln noa rypu,HTese, raxa u HxouorpaS-
cKH qepTlr, KoHTO Ce cpe'qar olqe o Hari-paHrilrre 6t,rrapcrcu 3ana3elrn na$terHHl-ur rr cTaBar
xapaKrepHrr 3a cTapo66JrapcKaTa xHBonHc, ule ce Hallepqr B ctp6ttq
qax
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a Hatrrupa cBoeTo ToqHO H 3acnylKeHo tltcTo B llcToptttTa Ha 6t'rlapcKoTo cpe,IHoBeKoBI{o
n3KJ"CTBO.
I(rrropcxrrre noprpclr c J,o,qHa Ka:tesrua HaaluHaBar rto 6poii noprperHre I apyrrre
lraurr cpeAHOBeKOBHI{ U',bpKBrr B3er}l 3ae.ltro. EaxHaaecer Aylxx c}BperreHHtillH Ha 3olpaQa
ca H3ntrcaHu rro creHure, no-Toqno Aecer, 3aqoro uecrHrqr 6onnpurr
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ltaptrcyBaH !.Ba lrrrlt. B traoca 3ae!,llo c,lpyr u6x, BepoqrHo 6par clt tI c Mar'IKo pyco ]to-
\ltrqeHue roi{ noaHacfl Ha 6010po.lflua E,reyca rto.leaa Ha u6pKBaTa. Ha ganaAsata cresa
B topltilfl npHTBop roii Hocrt iloae.'Ia Ha ubpKBaTa 3aeJ.lro c xefia cfl, npHApy]Kex oT IBeTe
clt ae'ua, a orrope
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or st'6ecerr cerNeilT
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Xprrcroc 5r'raroCr'r3Brr cerreiictsoto. B,1o,ruun
rrpHTBop ca nopTperHTe Ha BJIa.lere,lI Ha o6"tacrra
-,u,ecnor
Mlrxau.'t (cflH Ha qap Mnxana)
il HeroBara xeHa
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B ca:rara uLpKBa l{}ra I iBa noprpera Ha;lyxoBHtt nHua
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e.lttH Be"'lttKocxtlrlHHK H elHH
cBeuleHuK, troxe 6lr necrHrr AyxoBHrrulr nrlr 6,rrgxq rra r,1aBttilfl xrtrrop. Ktlr rqx ot He6eto
t nporerHan
ga 6;raroc;togus p'sqe XpNcroc Ertauytt,r, Koero He e c,lyuaiiHo, rlfi xaro E:rta-
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6osrra. flo peAx{a Ipe6Hl{ oco6esocrN Blrxaaile, qe Te ca p}tcvBaln or rJ'raBHHq uailcrop
ila creilonl,IcilTe. Ho Aoxaro npl{ o6pa3flTe IIa cBeruHTe roii ct c Bo.-(lt.[ no ua6noHa, TyK
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6rr,'lN xngH xopa. Te ca cruecrByBa.ru orfaBHa H ItABar Ia HaceJl,rr creHilTe Ha I{bpKBara
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rlerc AIUIH' B' f]erxosx't e'lflHcrBeH e ycnt't
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HarllaTa cpeIIloBeKoBHa )t{t{aonIlc.
CteHonrrcllre s /l,onrta Kailexrrua ca e.11il{ HaHcrHHa xy6aB nalrerHr{x na Cpe;Hoeexoauara
)+<r{Bonrc. Te npaalr Bneqar,'reHtre c r}ruHeca Ha H3nb,tHeHl{ero, c,tHcKperHara xapi\{ortHrr
lla Tollonere lt ceo6olara Ha pJIcyHbKa. Toaa He e 6axa,rna xHBorrHc
-
Tq Hlra cBotl ctreurr-
rprurlr veprtr fi Tpy.xHo e 1a 6t,r,e npHqilc,leHa Kbr'r rrrKoe lr3Becrrro:orpa4aro areare. Bce
naK Tr{ ile c il orKrcHara or cRoero Bpe}te
-
B HerI fiNa .\tHoto rteprH xapaKTep[H 3a eno-
xaTa.
,\loxc 6rr ca\ltre pa3leprt lra urpKBara ca na"to)Kr,rtt o6pa:rlrt: B crelon[cltre ia ne 6r,Aar
ruoro e.r,pr. Te ca cpaerrrrre,rro:pe6ulr:opt n rrari-to"rHrtrr pe.l (oro.ro 2i3 or qoBeuKn
ptcr), uo Texlrrre nponopuHlt ca .lo6pe crla3ellu. Toea ca cbpa3yepH;1
Snrypr ua .1o6pe
c"'lo)Kcllfi xopa, TeJara Ha KoHTo ce
qyBcrByBar
no.l .lpexxrc 6c: ra 6r.1ar npeKaJ.leHo o6eMHr.
Te ca c urrpoKH pa:rteue, !.o6pe oQoprrertr, He r{Horo H3:1,,1x{enH, Ho rre n nl.rrru. flpaerr
Bneqar,'rutltc rqxIara
Qporrra;rHocr, ]opr{ npH KoHHxre uao6paxeHrrR. ,rl[qara Ha
gcHqxr.t
o6pa:r ca rra.lxo oco6erur. Hrra seuo cr,BbpueHo cneutQuurro B i\leKurr oBa.{, B ycrrrHre,
or Korro lo"tr{ara e,x,aAeHa calto nocpelcrBov cquKara noA Hefl, B n3pa3a, xoiito Hocrr oco_
6ena venora, I norr'rera Ha oqrre, B Kouro ;lo xpxca orcrpaHH rra oqsara q6r,'rxa
e Ao6aBeH
6r,r axlletrr rr R ]roAe,[IipoBKara, ilHoro 106pe lanr,,ruelta ( cl,ruo raKa MeKa. JIHHURTa ryx
lre e lt3qe3ua,ta, so e,u,o6lr,qa raBKaBocr H rleKora. B
"lrrt{ara
rrr ce craflfl, ctaea ,rexa H
QrHa
H {le,lltsr il3pa3 Ha re3lr J'lHua e
QHu.3eaeHtrxaBara no.l.4oxKa ce
qyBcrByBa
B rltuara Ha
cBerr-(rre, lopH npe3 Tonrara oxpa, Koqro Mo;tenHpa 3ao6lerilrre ,Iactu
x 6eregHxKaBara oxpa
no ocBeTcllIrTe tlecTa Ha n,rarra. .[exn H c]UIo TaKa Lrerin 6e,trr rrepTRrtKH
IrMa no.Bcr{qKH
,'lHua Ha rrali-lr:nlxlra;llrre rrecra. Aoxaro e crapqecKHTe ./IHua IreiKAnHHKqr roH Ha noae-
r'lltpooKara c raQelrrrxae, y \rr'ra.tr{Te roii no'rrx J'IuncBa rr./I}t e rrHoro no-caeT,ra. Mex,ay
cTy;(eHnfl oclloael{ rolt Ha.:Itll(aTa H:pexHTC lla HqKo}r cBcTurr }ii\ra.lopH qecTo
!,HcxapMoHHq.
at
gylecur
ca o6a'{e r-bnK}lre Ha :pexxrc'
Te ce Axn'rlt
yMe'lo oKo'o Qoplture
Ha rttoro'
9e xaftcroptr no3HaBa resx Qoprtu"r{qH
or llaqtlHa no xokro o6sHsa n'rara oxo'ro rftt-
rypara, He nlecra' Ho p",r*o,
"t"*u'"
B rbuKHTe ca no-cl{nHK H Ma"llKo rrr
g'nr''r6asar'
Prrxo cpeurarte cxe-\tarrI3yBaHIt
1l reonterpll3yBaHtt
rr,ltKll (Hanp' no Kopel\la Ha ce' leoprtt
H.rrfi xHMarHq Ha Xpucroc
"
ptut'"
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E'revca untl n ancn4ara)' Aoraro s
KOgTypa Ha ApexaTa
nnu uo"o^ut' lI38eCTHa TBapJ'ocT lI cKJIOItIIOCT KbM reoNleTpn3auHq'
Kolro HanollHq KoYgttHoscxara
;xfiBonltc' caNlara raKalI H raHKttTe ca npeAa'xellll c xapaK-
Teprara3aMaficropaltcxora'Bra3Ilr(eKoraHtrlaBeqelleqoHoBo'Heulo'Koeroce3apaxAa
npe: BTopara noJoBlIHa tla l3' eex tt xoero pa:ur'Qsa flpH T H' fla'reo'rorogcxfi
peHecaHc'
ii-a" npon""ua rr
g neli:axrrre rra Ao.nHor<aNcHl{utKlt,r
lraircrop rr s cgo6oj,ara Ha xortno-
3''.llqra lI pllcyrlbKa'
ro H3KJIo{il}t' pa:5lrpa ce'Qe'rouHre
XapaxrepHo 3a ApexHTe
e'
qe re He ca rlttKora 6c"tx xa
B oitrapa, KoHTo ll)tar
"n"n "nn
oxpoBit cellKH' Tealt
'tpexu
He ca r'IeKIt u cBerJ'll{' Te noeuar
[aeTa Ha cflHKa]a'
"o"-ro "
un'"u'" ll'rl6THa' H eltta 6n'ra Apexa c
qepBetll{ ceHKI{r xaKBaro
c lprrxara Ira eJ.Ha or xcHtlre B On'raxsattero'
ce 8!3npIlerla IIo-cKopo Karo cBer,roqepBeHa
lt''t}rpo3oBa.HrxottJ.pexrrcax(llaonl{cBaHtIBTpI{ll.jltlqeT}lplIoTTerlbKallaefllHuBqT'}Ieuo
o6fiqafiHO 3a l.l. BeK, KOeTo y tlac BIIiK,I.alIC B tlbpKBaTa nplt Acettoaa KpenocT' flo-qecro
o6aqe te ca ltoAeJt{paHlI
uo"p":1"'uo" 6'tu:xlt rottottt'' a
qecTo tl c ;onl'ltlHTe.rI[llt
ToHOBe'
c xoero HH HanolrHgT EOrua. flpn cs. Ko:ua Apexara
e
q('pBelltKaBoKarpnea c T6l\tlloKa-
$nellcenxtt,cHBl{ex^ttlleHtottlr6l"'to'ace'I'arttlH}laJ'TonnoqepBcHararyHllKacxb"Ir
ltaxxaxrritl{60p.IIoptIocl{IIa}lcTKaBl{eKocBeT,,I03cJ.'Iello'c6e,rttcDetjr}IIIHHcHBoI{cp8x
cettxtr.BTa3KcbnocTaBKaIlaTon'.IoqepBetloclleKo]lac'THHello3e,1e}lotIMaHeqooTXap\lo.
;';;;; * rIpH,'IeflcKHtl rtatlcrop tta cs' Huro'la' \'x
o6avi: BcHrlKo e npllrr'Iluello or e'J'rlll
cpe6prcroctls aor.r, *og,o ot'tKorflBa roltooere' Aa'rx roBa e or ny[reKa tta cseuulc'?
Axo ce clAtt no npHTBopllre,
pa3nllKara lte e ro'lqMar cHBoro lIaIlcrIlHa ]IMa ro"ltlrl
r,flJ a flanHTPara na ltaitcroPa'
Koaoplrrttara
xaprtoHllR
" ""pu'o'""u
npeJ'l{1\Illo or cry;lenll roHoBc: cltllbo' cHao' \lol(o
ilac,'tHHelro3e.reilo,
KoIIlo ca;io6pc pllTrlyBailtl c Kelerlll'lcHop03oBo
ll oPaltxeBa oxpa
T6!!rHo,repBerroro
lr nypnypuo,lrrrrieoio
o6uxHoserro ce ynorpe6loar 3a J.pexllre l{a llflKoIt
or [eHTpa,1]rHTe QIIlypll
i ao""""
pcrucrrP llrla noBeqe
qllcrll ll no-TonJl't rolroBe: Ta]l-
!lollepRello'oxpa'qL'p}{o''"n,uo."noo.BroputlrcperltcTpllu.BeTHaTaxap['loHw'lelIo.
cseTjtaBI\leKa:cpe[(aTcecllIlbopo3oBII,lpexIc}ccttltsocpe6plcrNcellK}I'MacJllIlIcIl03Q'IeHII
22
,lpexHcra$lancelxlt.ctlBll]lr.)KJ.l{HtltlncTllaH6grlrcgcr'qltult'lIgK0IIqepBcHflApeXIl
ttrtat 6exogH l{r-lll c!IBII II3cBel!'ltlBarlllg H ryr Haltttpaxe llocra lb\tHocHHbo ll Kepe}ttlAello'
qepBeHo.t{ecroctlltttc,lpJxtr}lIlaTqepHlIcellKHlaa'IocTo,IflaaeagVcnegrrctoecApexa,
HaKo'Tocepe,l},tsa,lqcpHlI.lI{HlIil,T}\IIIoclIEI(cc}lXtI'RlIo'qeToBolIcBeT.locItBo'Cugorogaerta
H cerueHTltre or tie6e
g
lltlKol{ cut'ltlI' Karo Il3cBer!'lflRa IIaattl He e n:x'loqeuo Bt'Tpe ro
Aae6u,rocBcT'.IocllHbo,KoeTooTBpe\IeToIInyueKaenoc}IBq''Io.CrtgtrcaII'lKolInpe'lNleTl{
Ir aKcecoapll, KaTO K) tr!'-1a
g Po;tt:lecraoro, ctlBK Ca T6HIillTe rlpa\loplll{ }(oJIOIII{H Ila nop-
lltlltlrellpl';lxt,qrlre'aBnpllrBopacllallcallrotlcilcrocrpall'r'I'lBccnal(ToRacllBotlc
;to\tlli{llpa.
-l'o
He yrttpralsa xl{Bonllcra' 3auroro e R floReqero c"Iyqal{ cBer-ro II rleKo cl.lBo'
'l'o
cavo;laBa rltpKara I J,IlcKpcrHara
xap\lolllln Il:l tolloll' Ir nl)aBII tlqKotl or
'r'pyrKTe
tlge-
ToBc;la J'o6ttqt cgolta ltcrllHcKa ritlB'JIlll:tl3 crolittocr'
rlccro c
Jtrotp'5!'llo
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ll'{KOtl xa'1\Io6e lt Tc }l]laT xa$tatI cetrxtt' IIO IJ]1a 1l ut.pl:ttot<:ttpttutt'
a }t Kcpl'}ItlJi'lI0po3oBll
xt"ll{ollctlKorarotsc^illacueHa(Bt:tipt'cctrtttillrra'IIa:ap)ll\la'lBaxa'llla'lccapa3'rHqllll
no IIBttr. Ho r.' ca llHTept'cHt{ II n() cltJyer (\t l\t'BrlTo nprr Cu 3ocllrr)' pllcysaHI{ ct: 3a\lax'
co6tlrpalracl!r},plIaptKs'pa].lliqllltrli6alr.t..tttttr.ltullS.roittt.fl]XllItlecIio.('lt}IBbp\oB.'
ara,uoroxt'6aBIICl'ccllr]'plllIl'l\acrilllc)tsaHllllcll"l)'!'Tllr"li'r\olaTa'r1'llKllrL'llll-ln"-
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3ano3IIaTcpaKVpCIlIcII.ll}ItXIIIl{)iTaliall()I]eulKoTOr.l.ro.'foiinpo'IJ'IBacgo5o]allglo'
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IllTc6npocTpallcrgor0toi!!l'cTilIi:lclla'r)0U'('lI'-[llrltlurtta6oroprr,ltltlatsaf,c}I]iaTall"'tJ'Br
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'I1a.}ap'lutl
AecIllilTI{paKl{aaiIocTo.]iIt'Tl,i)et{l(:iallil.]lipaliallalllocTo'iTorta.Konltrtlri)jIiloCJll-
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TO,lCTaOTOCtlKilluccllnll"IBAp',\ytlptlKJeKIlaJlltflB':ltRofltlT6p',aPAl{lloTgoitlttltlutc'ttr
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6 Cr(e!illlc lirro
rle
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ll
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peflr BaB B'b3J.,VXa. trlaiicToptr lltlla tcila npcAclaua :a;lr"16o'ltttrara
B;laiclla cttctta flo
cl'ltillti Ilar{l{ll ,,n']!'$ar"
81,R t}63i1yXa }"lacTIlltlllITe
B cll0HItTe It B cTeHOlllIClrTe na Ce HIt-
xo,ta e flprr;r.n, a tr rJ rro-palirrrr irarlorHllqi{, IlaIrPlli\lcp Ila ocTpoB I(xntps?' Kaxro e or-
236e"rl:a;nporf'.O.!.crtyces,roBaeflBr'Icllllc*"pttt'"p"u3anoc'{eAllHTeorr"racl(orKo:tltlt-
HOBCKaTa XHBOn{C, KOIITO Ca Ce 3a,U,Apxa.'Iil nO-iaJrrO ll Cpa8HHTe.nHO H3O4llpaHHTe
o6.'racrn Ha MaKeroHXt, a (6. rr.) r Ha 3atralHa Etarapnr. IIe ro cpeulllerr u B HFKon pr-
KonHcr( or roBa Bperre, xb.lcro n(e Bn,tl{}r Ir xo.f,n,roro lra nperbHarrF nrrB KpaK xa Xpxcroc
or B,rt-t3aHero e fieplca.rlrrr.
ApxNrerryprrnnr .leKop B cl,ulnHcKara ubpKBa c 3ana3eH s 6,raroeeu-(enHe, floceuleHtreto
Ha }lapllr npx E..'trtcaeera lr TaiiHara Be'{epfl, uo B crleHttre or Xxsora Ha Eoropo,luqa s
npHTBopa roil e rrHoro 6orar. XapaxrepHH 3a Hero ca Br{coKHre crpofiHt Ko.rouKn, KoHTo
rro!,trbpxar ]rtanxu noprnrt]r. Te ca o6HxnoseHo no ,qBc 3aeAHo lr B rraoca, Kaaero e pttcyBan
r,laBHHrr :!{aiicrop, HrrHr}rpar }rpasop. Maiicroptr o6lrua crulo apKnpaHrrre BparI rr npo-
sopuu. flepcneKTlrRara r]-r( e KaKTo o6lrrHosefio B n3TorrHo-xptlcrHqHcKara xnBonilc
06parHa, 6eg ra e npoBc!,eHa rrana!'Irro noc,{eAoBare.nuo. Crpa:Nre ca locra n3:.bJxeHl{
Ha BHcorll{Ha, 6e: J,a orroeaprr c!Bceu Ha nponopqllrre ua crpoiiHure
Quryprr.
Maiicroptr
06HXHoBeHo rr ouBerrBa B cHBo lt,rH Kepelltr!,eHorrepBeHo, Karo
qecto
xolt6uHxpa J,Bara
(Bqra. B npfirBopa apxHreKJ'para e
qBlo
pucyBala or,tpyra ptxa. Tyx crpalure ca cltBH,
6exosrr rr oxpoBrr, lro ]taKap
qe
rexllrrr:raiicrolr nporBtBa cra6ocr Kb\r apxHTeKTypltHrr
leTail,'l ll oTpyllsa;1Bara
"rnlrcTa
Ha ceBep tl rcr c apxlrTeKTvpH, fi3nT,J'rrrerrHcTo c no-rpy6o.
no-onpocTcllo, apxltTeKTYIr!iltTe o,'IeilcilTil ca no-TpoltaRlt II e,Iej\teftTapilIl, tto il no-6.rH:xtt
Ao AeiicrsNte,'lrrocrra. ,rlrHNrta ryK c rro-rr,'iarr{a }r rRt,pla, Ko}trypr,T c no.o6o6ulerr rr cxe-
lrarn3npaH. I{ocrooerc ca pa3npeAeneHrr Ha eAHHHlr nerrra, a rr,HKr{Te na rpexHTe ca no-
rlecTo
BepTtlKa,qHIl Il ycnope,lfllt. Moxe 6r va,rxHre pa3Meprr Ha cUerruTe ca HaJ'IoxH,trH ToBa.
.4xo cc cr,lrr no qrr,rara )KnBonlrc o6aqe 6rrxrre Ka3aJ'rrr,
qe
ryK no KaproHHTe, rr.tlx rroxc 6l
no ocHoBHHTe cKHt(rr ua rr'raBr{rrr rraiicrop e Koxoprrpar HeroB nououlH}tx. B
"llruara
lr s
raHKHTe Ha nqKou .tpexH o6aqe ce
qyBcrByBa pbKara Ha lraiicropa or Haoca. Tr ce lya-
crByBa oue no-rcrro nprr npaBtrTe o6paru o ropHHs npHTBop, Kb,tero no]\roulHl{Kar pHcyBa
xtrtlrero Ha cB. ncrKa. He:asttcki\ro or roBa, or Koq p6Ka e H3.rrs3!Jr aa.leH o6pa3 rr s rraii-
Jpe6r{ara no pa3}rep cueHa, .:loprr n aa lraii-lra,rxsre Aerafi,'tlr, t\roAe,'ltrpoBxara He e npeHe-
6perHara. Vrre,to no.loxeHrr cBer"'IrrHH oQop,vrr oBana H rreprHTe
Ha ,rHuara H 3araraar
o6eva Ha
$nryprrre.
Mnoxecteo npe!,lerrr H Jerarint-l B cre]ronxcilTe ca B3erfi or crBpeuenHara rra rraiictopa
AeftcrBHTenrrocr, xaro pH3HHurrre Ha eoiiuHte, Tflxnoro cHapnxeHHe rr c6pyqra rra Konere.
c6JOBeTe, Bep'txxtrTe Ha ,lopoBeTe, 11pHHal],nexHocTHTc Ha oEqapHTe u npe.lar{KaTa, a
H MHOrO XeCTOBe Ha yqaCTHfiUr{Te, KaTO HanpHMep r3KrrorrHTeJ'rHo pca,'il,tcTltrIHrrr{ ,{{ecT 24
Ha Caaoueq H ,[.pyrH. Toga e oute eAHa
qepra,
xapaKTepHa crqo 3a Hauure 3orpaoH,
qltero
oro e 6nao auHarr 6yAtto 3a 3ao6uxanqu{ara rlt cpeAa.
Cauxr-e-uroHorpaQcxn cxelrtt Ha noBeqero xot{no3lrl{Hx, npnctrqH, KaKTo Ka3axMe, Ha BH-
ganruficxoro
H3KycrBo or KoMHnHoBcKara enoxa, B xonTo 6porr Ha yqacrHHllnre o6nxno-
aeHo e cBeAeH Ao Mnnnirrylt, Hanarar eaHa no-crerllara H onpocreHa KoMno3HqHq. Maaroro
yr{acrHHu,H ca pa3npeaereHH Ha c6urrr, ao6pe oQopMeH[ rpynH, c66paHrr HnH o(oJro qeH-
Tpar,tue o6pas, nau Ao6pe
ypaBHoBeceHH B ,qBe cpeuynoJloxfur
ql'pa H HenpeMeuuo noA-
qepraHtl
nocpeAcrBo]\{ apxrrrexrypHHr Hr'rIl npHpoaeH nefi3ax{. Tostl neiisax He e nperpynaH
H 6e3pa3nu.reH. Toii ne c,ryxn raro 6esyuacreH
$oH,
6e3 Bpr3Ka c
$urypure
Ha npeAHHfl
naaH. Herosusr cunyer notsrapr B o6o6qeHI rltHLrH cHJIyera Ha rnaBHara rpyna Hnll nnlre,
o6paltuaa fo H ro tl3TaxBa. Koraro o6aqe MaiicroptT HMa npeA ce6e cn no-loae]rH nJtoc-
Kocrt, Karo HanpHuep ceBepHara r roxHara creHaBHaoca, Te ro rloATHKBar K6nt o6orarq-
BaHe Ha HKOHOrpaocKara cxerra It aaBaT npocTop Ha HefoBara TBopqecKa
QaHra:xr
H axyc
Krn e-qnHucrHr{Hxre o6pa:urr. Taxa rofr pa3BllBa 6,taroseuleHr.reto Ha oBqapnre B ro,1flMa
xaHpoBa crleHa, Konro llanortHn er'IHHI'lcrnqecKlrre lrogafixu c oBqHTe H
'ry.Ilero,
KoHTo 3o6aT
,{ltcraTa Ha apaBqeraTa li oBqapg-Aofq cbc 3anpeTHarH p6KaBH. oco6eso HanoMHtr 3a
e,!r.tHHcrnqecKrrre nefisaxfi aprBqerara c H38HTH K,qoHH li 6orarll xuvypu or ,tt{cra. Bea-
poTo Ha oBqapr, rpe6eHa, fefafa Il fbplleTo Ha apyaHq, aonaJlBar Konno3Huutra. Bclq-
IIOCT 3a peJIHlHo3HoTO clAapXaHI.Ie Ha C(ei{aTa HanonlHq calto 3aAHHr{ nr'Iatl, K6AeTO BA'CHo
3aA X6r'rMa, aHre,llT e nporetHan p6lle K6rr rpHLra AyuH.
OrqacrH Karo xaHpoBa cqeHa e pa3Blrro Ir On,'raxBaHero ua Xpucroc Ha ceBepuara creHa.
Oxono rraoro Ha;ulJirseua ce e c66pa,:a qt,qa rbrrla onr''IaKBaqKH
-,,ilepyca,rnncKH
xeHH".
Ho ryx ctqecrBeHoro e H3KJ'troqrre"rHllnr apauaru36M Ha cueHara. O6panuena or Hacn-
TeHHTe nerHa Ha ;(pe.xrrre Ha rrailxara, xenara 3aJ, Hef,, fioclls H anocro,l I)loaH, seJreHtr-
KaBOXlJ'rraTa Ir!pTBa nJ'r6T Ha Xprrcroc e B qeHlbpa Ha [o]lno3{u}Iqra. Orqagngre xecroBe
Ha aHrerlrre u )KeHrre ce cranfiT B 3ereHrrlrara Ha uacrHHeHHTe x6"'ruone c xaQrsu ceHxr,
rt,ii xaro ApexHTe H!r, 3e,teHIrKaBtt nnn csao6exoBtt, noqrll ce cJ'IttBar c
Qoua.
Hsyltnre"rHo
e paauoo6paauero Ha croiiKrt [I xecroBe, c Ko]lro e npeAaAeHo eArto u caqo
tlyBcrBo
-
Atr-
6oxa cxpr,6 H orqaflIlHc
-
y pa3JHqHHTc yqacrHrruH B crleHara. HflrIa aBarta, Ko]rro Aa noB-
TapflT cl,ulHri x<ecT HJIH !,a ilrtaT e,lrla l{ cl'u{a croiiKa. H Ko.;'lKo BepHIf ca resn crofix[ H
xecroBc, KonKo A06pc ca npeAaAeHrr BcrrrrKrt ABlrxellxn H parypcr! XeHara B.:ItBo HMa no-
.rlrKreroBara croiiKa, npeaa!,eHa c rpallHfl, xoqTo clnepHI{qH lla aHTHqHara: He nc-ua.nxo AF
I
tpau[o3eH e aHcKperHHsT ,KeCT, C KOfiTO Ta3H )I(eHa Hspa3s'Ra CBOqTa CKpb6. 3a UXOHOTpaS-
cxx rua6,'rorr 6llxrre vor,'ut Aa roBopHM cano orHocHo ueHTpannara rpyna. Ho H TyK, B ptt-
TlMa Ha H3Br.rr[Te rrp6oae na froaru H ftocnQ, Kaaero ycTpel{3T ce 3acIi.'IBa npN ftoan, a
rloBTOpeH]rero Ha Tpr.tTe cHxyeTa: cnHa, :rtafrxara lI xeHaTa cbc cBHTo oT M'bKa nHqe 3aa Hefi,
c.{oxH,Ia caqyBcTBeHo pl)Ka Ha rlHulufiTe i, ce vyacreyaa J'lHqHItlT np(Hoc Ha ]naftcTopa.
BclllKlt ,rurrxtr, npeArrern x
$HrypH
Bo,ltr lt6M Jluuero Ha ltatixara, AonptHo Ao 6y3ara
Ha cKanHq r\{!pTBeu
-
H U3BHTIITe rlp6OOe, lt CK!'IOIIOBeTe Ha Xb,'Irla, H allle,'IbT, XOilrO C
n,'raq ce cnycKa Hal,ony. flocrpoena no B63xo!,tu{Hfl AtlafoHan, Ko}lno3l{uHtra Hl\la 3a ctlHc-
noB H 3pHTe,'reH ueHTap lraiiquHara cxpt6. V,sa!.a He HaTexH To3tl ueHTbp, noacH,leH or
ABrrlKeHHRTa Ha rrJraqeu-grTe xeH]I H aHre,'lH, lo,'irorcxHtlr Kpr,cT Br'lflBo, npaBHTe Haxo,r,nlr
N ,,MapHn" H arrre,tHTe or ,{Bere crpaHH, BKJIToIIeHH B !.pyt rpfi6r6nHltK, c,'ly)Kar 3a
"vpaBHo-
BecqBaHe Ha Koltn03Hut.'lflTa.
B Ao,rsxs perHcrbp noqrn HaBcfiKb.le,'rHrlara ila cBerrlt{re ca lr3]pacKaHrr rr H3pa3'br cc
ry6rr, 3a or6e"'rnseaHe e,
qe
noBeqero cBerutt B uq,[ pacr ll rlo-cneufiarHo o6pa:tr Ha Bce'
,lbp)*(HTe,rr{ la ceBepuara creHa It l{erHprlre lt:o6paxeuHr ua Eoropo!,Hua ca plIcyBaHH no
HKOHH rrril nOlre no ua6rloHr 3a HXOHr.l. or rnx Hair-:o6pe 3ana3eHa e Boropoalua c tereTo
lra plqe B anclraara. Tn Hya vyJ.Ho x,v6aeo
'n
t[e lta ]\tJa5,o rlo:\{Itqe c }le tt,
'lexo
H3,f l,J)Kell
ogar'r, J,b;'l6t Hoc c npll6paHll Ho3ApI{ H eJ,Ba rlpn6ntllxeHu or]IJ. Kollro l.le.nar cepllo3Ho H
neqaJ'rHo. fleqa,r atxa
'r
or r\ra,rxure 1o6prt ycra. Tn e no.{npa,'la J,flcHara cH p6Ka Ha o6,re-
rdr'rKaT3 rra TpoHa lr cflKau npe,!,qyBcTByBa TbxHaTa yrlacT Ila pox6ara ctt. Ha6pr'vxauo c
rreroro Ha,r,erero hcyc r{ oqr{Te My rvar ccprro3eri H }rar'rKo rextK norrej,. CrpaHuo c rooa
lu3paxeHHe crircTaHo c,feTcxaTa flaBltqxa ll Iup't,l(IlaJ'IHTe MoilqeuKll ytrlil.
llBaTa apxaH-
le,'la BCTp2]tr.t oT TpoHa ca 3ar,'leJ,arnr 3ar\rr!c,reuo 8:cTeTo. Ilrnara xorrtto:lrqns e IIponllTa
c HAeqTa 3a xpl{croBara xeprBa, 3a liero8ara i\Iilcllq Ha 3elt.flTa.
Eoropoattua Cxoponocnyurrre"IHrrtla, Koqro, KaKTo Ka3a-x\re, orroBapfi no rHn Ha Eoro'
pogrua,llHnocrrroa, e o6tptta,ra rbxHo,1n(e xb]t c!{Ha ctt H HexHO e npnxBana"Ila rle}KAy
noKa3a,leUa H cpe,5,HHt nptcT Ila;frcHaTa cll paKa ro"{oro l\ly xpale. .MarrxnHr Llcyc e cef-
Hir n crrsxara Ha uailqilHata cl{ pbKa rt c o6r,pua"r Jrrue Kau ttes. E.lsa rporare"rHa cueha
ra:natlqrtrra rr crHoBHa,rrc6on, tux pa3rogop rlex;ly IlailKara lt neiiltara pox6a Plt:-
KeTa t{ e,rreqero fla AeleTo Ir [J'raTa c KeHapH n :pe6Hrt oprra\teHTlI 3a.1 rbp6a ltlt it npxaaaa
xapaxTeP Ha HcrHHcKa celreliua cqelia. 3aroBa nr,x 6oropo,lut-la Eneyca, T. e , KoflTo lloclt
]ra3BaHHeTO ,.,ulrutocrHga" e HapeqeHa rvK TaKa, calio 3auloro nplrerta .{apa }la ABaMara K'lll'
oa
26
ropH, HO B no3aTa Ha MaftI{a'ra n 6aarocaaenuloTo aeTe HRI\ra tHTl.rMHocTTa Ha npeAHulHoTo
xao6paxeHre. Te ca ryx
,,ruKr'rocrlBH
rocnorapu", xonto 6.narocxaoHHo npnet{ar c}tupeHHs
.lap lra cBoHTe BepHonoLaHHHul.l.
Muoro xlr6aao e i,Inuero Ha Xpncroc ,,no-crap or arrHTe" B cBoAqero lla ceBepHara HHua
-
napaKJIHC B aOpHHn npHTBop. oqure galruc,'reHo
ll rra,lKo yr\ropeHorneAaTHflK6ae 3aa 3pH-
re,rq. B rrrx rrua n03HaHHe, T6ra, noAl{epraHa or rt,r6oxara xopli30HTarHa rrHKa Ha
qer'roro
ll HqxaxBa BceonpoqaBaua
qoBeqHocr.
Tporare,rra e ApyrapcKara nperpb,qKa Ha ABalrara KoHHHqlt Teoaop Crparuaar H Teoaop
TrrpoH
-
csKauJ !,Barlta BoiiHH-n06parhrrH or Hapo.r,HHq enoc ca c,re3,1t{ B rlrarKara uapKBa.
Calrata xolrnogH(Hq Ha o6pasnre e rrHoro HHTepecHa c !Bara pa3Berr n,'rau{a, KoHTo
q
ofpaHHqaBaT oT CTpaHH.
ll xo,rxo lrauolrHq loHoruara KoHHITK cB. .Ltnrxrrp Ha aqxorra
-
trrpgolrbqeHHx cs. Cre-
$aH or 6onrrcxrrre creHonrrcr!
h ero, c DcrqKilTe cx oco6enocrH creHonHcltre s AorrHa KalreHuqa Hrr ce npeAcraBrr xaro
na:\terHrK,Drtoiiro otAe,runte e"Ie\relrrlt H xapaKTepnI
rleprttcac]ceraHl no cblrlfin HaqNH,
6rrxlre xasa,ltr ;lopn B cr,uloro clorHourenxe xaro s Eoflfia.
I,l ryx Ha:rurpaue r.rKoHorpaQcKlrre c.\er{}t Ha sHsaHtHfrcxoro rr3KycrBo or Ko}rHnHoBcKHr
ncplro;1, AonbnHenlr c noJ,po6Hocrn or Kana.r,oxuricxara, Cxprriicxa u,'tu fla"recrxucxa ttxo-
HorpaQlrq, Korro BcpoflTHo ca 6H"rtr c6xpaHeH]r B rlecrHara rpa,J,rru[rn. I,{ ryr u1e enarlr
e.lHa.laKOHltrtHocT Il c;l'l,pxaHoc1 B Ko\rI03HuHr, cTofiKH tl )xecToBe H cbueBpel\{eHI{o
e,lHo pa3qynBare Ha craplrre pa\rKn, e:Ho o,t,yxoreopqBaHe H oqoBeqqBaHe ra l(olrHlrHos-
cKoro t{3KycrBo, Koero tr,tBa no Barperrclt nbr, e,f,Ha,ro6os cJ,noHpelerrto Kau e,rt.tH}IcrHrI-
nlrte o6pasun H Kbj\t xH3HeHht,x,erafi,:I II BepHocr Klrr xHBora, crnrau{H ao peaJru3trr B
norpo6Hoctlrreee. Ko,ropurrr, c,trtpxaH H caureBpeMeHHo no-6orar, c ynorpe6ara Ha Ao-
rr6JlrHT,'ilrH TOHOBe H Telrileprra TeXHHKa CAulO CB',rsp3Ba.IBaTa na\reTHrrKa. cBbp3Ba rH Ir
,,rl3Becrro noHnxeHIIe lla [roHy]reHTa!'IHocrra"1oo, xoero e B nprKa 3aBHcurlocr or oAyxo-
TBOpqBaHeTO, OT OrtO8eqaBaileTO ll pa3.flillxBaIITo
-
cr'IIteHT]t, lrocequ RoBoTo, pa3x[qHo
or KouHlitoBcKara xttBonilc, KoHTo ca rtbpBltre npogBtl ]ta ea{H HoB t{HTepec Ktt\t )t<uaora,
Klu
qoBexa
lt J,.v,\oBHlrre crotiHocrn t{ Kosro ce H3pa3qBar B lteKorara N 6H rreca ua H3ntr'I-
HeHt{eTo, B Arn6OXHg Il CJIOXeH Mt'rP Ha U3O6pa3eHHTe CBeTql{' B AO6pOTaTa
g yqacTHeTo'
cTpy'ulxofnorneJ'HTeHM'a',(B)KHBI,!TeHHAHBuAyan[3[paHI,|JIllIIaHaKT[TopHTe.
Taxa AoasoraueHHuKHTe
cTeHonHcH ce HapexAaT BCpeA naMeTHI{llHTe' n,loA Ha MecTHara
TpaAHUHr, Hafi-qerustT oT Koltro e 6oqna Lr KonTO BepoflTHo uMaT Bp63Ka c H3KycTBoTo Ha
TtpuoncXnr
qapcKH
ABop.. TOea Hfi noKa3BaT KaKTo cTenonscfire s Cg. 40 M6qeHHUH, TaKa
H (pparMegTsre B Hfro11 UIpKBH Ha Tpane:uqal0l. 3aqoTo, XaKTo 3HaeM, B T9AHHHTe c,1eA
naAaHero Ha IIapHrpaA B pruere Ha Kp6croHoctrHre, MecrHHTe (eHrpoBe fl croJtllqll Ha oKo.4'
HXTe ArpxaBH Ca Te3H, KOHTO pa3BHBaT H3TyCTBOTO H B KOt'rTo Ce cl3AaBar- HoBuTe
oopMH.
Tora, xoero ule BSAHM B IlapflrpaA CneA ocBo6oxAeHHeTo My, oTrJtaCr.ITe oT KoeTo Ca oqeBt{AHH
e Heaxoao,r. e. resx nobn
qeprlt,Kolrro xaPaKTeps3upar naneonoroBcKara xHBonHc' He
ca.u,ocrurHarn orlre B Ao,'IHa Kauesuqa. Hefissre 3orpaQ[ pa6ortr B Ayxa Ha crapara rpa-
AHIlr1B H HOBOTO, KOeTO BHacffT Ce e pa3Bltn6 Ha MeCTHa n6qBa. MexAy li3nHCBaHeTO Ha EOqHa
H AonHa I(anreuuqa ca H3MHHaJIH noBeqe or 60 roAsHll H e rpy,4uo Aa ce roBopll 3a eAHo are-
rr{e B CnHCln Ha 3orpaQcKa 3aApyta. llpn rora AoaHa KauesuUa, KaTO HaucTgsa npoBgH-
[Ha,teg naMeTHHK, HtMa Abr6OKaTa H C,'tOXHa nCHXOnOrHqeCKa XapaKTepHCTUKa Ha 6OqH'
cKHTe o6pa3H, Ho 3a cMerxa na roBa H To HantJIBo ecrecTBeHor TyK e no-pa3BHTo BHHNlaHIlero
Xtn 6UtOgUte
gIeMeHTH. H ace naX He CaMO TpaAHUHqTa
-
pyCnOTO, TeqeHHeTO, Ha KoeTo
npHHaarexar aBaTa nalteTH!lKa e eAHo u caulo.
Aoxaro o6HosaeHHero B flareo,rorogcxara xnBonfic B foJItMa creneH 3actlra BbHurHure
H3pa3HH CpeaCTBa: pa3npeaenHTe,'IHa cHcTeMa, nKoHorpaocKH o6pa3uH, neil3ax,KoMno-
36qltf,
-
u [peACTaBnqBa eAHo BptIr1age xtM xyAoxecTBeHoro pa36l.rpaHe Ha e,lpHilcr1lq'
HaTa engxa, HOBOTO KOeTO BttXAaIte B 6OtHa V AOnHa KalleUuqa, cB6p3aHO HaI{cTIlHa H c
e.[Ha MHOTO xapaxTepHa npoMqHa a TexHnqecKHTe cpeAcrBa
-
ynoTpe6ara Ha re:!InepHa
TeXHHKa, Ce O6ptqa Kby xHBonHCTa Ha l\{HHaJTOTO npeAHMHO OT Apyra 1'IeAHa TOqKa
-qncTo
qOBeUKa,
6sXUe ragaAX Xyt{aHHCT1;qHa. AxO nOgsagaxlle nO.AO6pe ]KHROnnCTa Ha CUMeO'
HOBaTa CTO,IHUa, MOXe 6fl x1txlte Aa HaltepllM KOpeHxTe Ha TOBa
qB,'IeHHe,
n3BopHTe OT XOHTO
qepnH Ta3n TpaaHql{tr. Hoaoto, Koero ce npotBsBa B 6oqHa H ,U'onHa KarteHaua, toaa e
eAHH HoB xyltaHu36M, xotlTo, KaKTo npH Ayqo H AxoTo 3anoqBa B crapHre $opllH,
3a Aa
B.:ree D Trx HoEO AyXOBHO C6,[bp)xaHHe H Aa noaroTBII TexHHt Kpafi.
EHsJI HOTPAOCKH EEJIEXKU
l. A. 6yPMO8, llcropna Hx Fanrapus npe3 BpeMero Ha fUnuuanoBux, I'CVhAA, XLIII,
Co0ur 1946-47, cB. I, crp.26-27,cs.Il,crp.47; M. lEUt4Tr, Orol-lpxne y Aouroj Ka-
MeHHur{, l,lcropucKH r,racHflK, 3-4, Beorpal 1951, crp. 87-93.
2. 6. EOlllKOBI4Tr
-
Ee.reurxu ca nyroBanba.Co.Boropoluua y AoHboj Kauesnun,Crapr-
Hap, Eeorpar 1933-34, crp.277,280; G. MILLET, L'ancien art serbe. Les egllses,
Paris 1919, ctp,72; C. HEHAAOBHTT, Pecraypaurja .q,osroxaMeHnqKe upKBe, 36oprurc
sauruire cnoMeHHKa Kynrype, Kn. x, 6eorpa! 1959, crp. 5l-67.
3. C. HEHAAOBHT, unr. cbrr., crp. 54, o6p. 2, 3, 10.
4. H. MABPOAI,IHOB, Crapo6a.rrapcKoro r{3rycrBo XI-XIll n., CoQue 1966, crp. 18,
2l-22, o6p, 10, 17, 8t; C'bUIHq, E.{noropa6uara H KpacroBlAHara u'bpraa no 6bn-
rapcKr{re 3eMH ao Kpar Ha XIV n., CoSnn 1931, cTp. 58-62, o6p. 69, 7l; K. MI4flTEB,
Apxurerrypara B cpeAHoBeKoBHa Brarapua, CoSur 1965, o6p. 207,215.
5. H. MABPOAI4HOB, Eanoropa6sara qaprBa, o6p. 15, 31, 32, 33, 60, 67.
6. H. MABPO,4I,IHOB, Crapo6'sarapcKoro rr3KycrBo, CoQur 1959, crp. 192-193, 168-i70
7. H. MABPOAHHOB, CrapoSlnrapcKoro H3KycrBo XI-XIII o., crp. 92-93; 6. hfHA-
TOB, Ktu B'bnpoca 3a 6'bnrapcKa apxHTeKTypHa LrKoJra B'bB B[3aHrHf,cKH crtrn, Apxeo-
,orHn V, CoSfle 1963, KH.3, crp.60, o6p.5,6,8; rBapae B63MoxHo e.{Be Kynu aa e
EMara n ubpK8a N 2 a
tlepaeu
-
K. MI,lflTEB, Apxnrerrypara a cpeaHoBeKoBHa
6Tarapnn, o6p. 196.
8. H. MABPOAI4HOB, Crapo6urrapcxoro H3r(ycrBo XI-Xlll n., o6p. 68.
9. C. HEHAAOBLITT, unr. crq., crP. 63-64, o6p. 17.
10. K. MhtTEB, Apxrrexrypara..., crp. 106, 194; ft. hgeHOS, Crapuxcnn urpr(B, B
IOrosana,qna 6r,,rrapaa, hEAA III, CoQrn 1912, ce. I, crp, 59'
ll. C. HEHAIOBI4TT, Pe&ypauuja ,[,onmraueHltq(e upKBe'
12. M. Ml4,lnqEBhTr, Manacrupn y cp6nJu, I'aacuux XXI, rn. lV, Eeorpaa 1867, crp. 26.
13. M. BA,]TPOBnT], tlpnuea6e y3 q,laHaK
J. Muurroerha, Ctapnnap, IV, Eeorpar 1887
xH. 4, crP. 105-107.
14. n. HI{KOB. klcroptn Ha EHJlHHcKoro KHqxecrRo ao 1323 r., lCyklOO, XVIII, 8, CoQan
1922, crp. 90 c,r. C'blIII'lfI, O5pasr Ha BHAtTHcKHc xsgg Mrxas'r lUruuas r Ha ce-
MencrBoro rty, I4Bl4n YI, CoQar 1924' crp' 77-89'
15. H. MABPO!,I4HOB, Crapo6t,lrapcKara xHBonnc' CoQnr 1946' crp. 166-169.
16. A. 6yPMOB, uur. ca'r., ca. I, crp. 26-27, za6' 145; ca. II, crp' 9, 3a6' 34'
1 7. B, nETKOBl4Tl, npefrea upKBeHnx cnoMeHsKa Kpos noBecHuuy cpncKor Hapola, Beorpaa
1950, crp. 141-143, o6P. 377-388.
18. M. hOpoBI4h.-Jlby6l4HKOBt4t,
P. IIbyEl4HKOBklTr, I{pxaa y AoHboi Kaueuruu, cra-
prnap H. C. I, beorpaa 1950, crp. 53-85.
19. flar rau, crp. 83
20. M. fE[t4l, Oro uprne y ,4otnoj KaMeHruH.
21. 6. OEPJAHIII,'ITr, Aecnorr
y BusaHrnjr'r n jyxnocaoseHcKtrM 3eM,lbaMa' Beorpaa
crp. 149--150.
22. K. MklflTEB, uut.
nHrax', 3allvap, 6P.
cr,q., crp. i85-188; Crartera Ha P./lto6nHxoenv a cnncaxne ,Pas-
l, roa. IV, 1964, ne su 6erue aocrlnHa'
29. Hanp. BaaroeeuleHfie, BTsxpeceuue ua ,l'lasap, Cpeutara na MapHr I Eancaaera a 6ossr
Hrr EraroBeuleHne, Taflnara oevepr, Cnueon Crr"cnHHX n npfl,ren u c'bulnre a Kocryp.
-
S. PELEKANIDES, Kastoria I, Thessalonique 1953, ra6a. 14, l6g,17,94.
30. G. MILLET, Recherches sur l'iconographie de I'Evangile au XIV. , XVe et XVIc
sidcles, Paris 1916, crp. 128-129, o6p. 81.
31. fiar rau, crp. 129
32. B. JIA3APEB, I,Icropur Bn3atruflcnon xuBorrucn II, Mocxaa 1g48, ra6r. 146.
33. G. MILLET-A. FROLOW, La peinture du Moyen Age en
yougoslavie
III,
paris
1961, ra6a.23e; CB. PAAOJtlnh, Crapo cpncro c,trjxapcrBo, Eeorpaa t966, crp. 100;
AC, BACl4Jll4EB, l,loanorcxnre creHosnca, Corpnn, 1953, o6p. 40; V.
pETfiOVle,
La
peinture serbe du Moyen-Age II, Beograd, 1934, ra6a. CLXIX; G. MILLET, Monuments
de l'Athos, Paris 1927, ra6a. 872.
3-1. M. r P. JIbyBLIHKOBLITT, unr. cbrr,, crp. 56; B. 6VPhTr, Cooohasn, ra6a. I
35. A. ORLANDOS, J Moni Theologou tis Patmou, Byzantine Art
-
an European
art, Athens 1966, o6p. 46.
36. OTTO BIHALY-MERIN, Fresken und Ikonen, Miinchen 1958, ra6r. 2l; S.
pE
LEKANIDES, Kastoria, r. 21,27, 37, 55; hB. AKPAEOBA-XAHAOBA, Eoqncrara
uTprna, CoQnr, 1960, o6p. 11, l2; ,rI. MABPO/'II4HOBA, I{rproara a 3eueu, Corprr
1966, o6p. 19, 40.
37. A. GRABAR, La peinture religieuse en Bulgarie.
paris
1928, crp.
gg,
o6p. lg.
23. B. AI4MOB, Paaronxure ua Tpane:uua e Tr,ptoao, I4EAA V' CoQna 1915, o6p. 934'
6'
n. MABPOAT'IHOBA, O:ranru or creuonxcx B
q'bpxBara npu Aceuooa rpenocr. hsa.
ua I,I-ra
ga n3o6pa3trrengh Hsrycraa X, CoQna, 1967' crp. 72,76' o6p. 7 ; 3. JAH[, Opua'
MeHrH
Qpecaxa,
6eorpa.r 1961, o6p. 307' 312' 334, 108-ll0'
24. M. u P. JlbyEI"lHKOBl4Tr, uKr. crv., crp' 80'
25. M. n P.
'lbyEktHKOBhTr,
uur. crq., passim'
26. fl. MABPOAhHOBA, Ocranxr or creHonucu'
' ',
crp' 66
27. n. MH,'lbKOBI,lTr-flEnEK, Aeaoro
Ha 3ofpaQsre Mnxaj,ro H Eyrnxn.i, Cxonje
crp. 230, o6p. 135.
28. B. byPl4'H, Conohauu, Eeorpar 1963,
S. PELEKANIDES,
nal..
$1,b.
38. S.
peleXnNlDES,
Kastoria, ra6r. 159, 160; D. TALBOT-RICE, Byzantintsche
Kunst, Miinchen 1964, o6p. 276-277.
41. CB. PAAOJtlhh, Crapo cpncKo cnrKapcrso, ra6a. 53.
42. v. PETKovld, Peinture serbe Il, tabl. LVI;A. XyNGopoulos, I toihographies tou
agiou Nlkolaou Orphanou Thessalonikis, Athenes ig65, ra6,r. 5J,52; fl. Ml.l,rlbKoBllh-
nEnEK, {eroro ua 3orpaQure, o6p. 125.
43. G. MILLET, Recherches, crp. 493 cr., 51tr-516; c.MILLET-A, FROLOW, peinture
3l en Yougoslavie III, ra6a. 26r.
r38.
S. PELEKANIDES, Kastoria, ra6n. t|,'hb,70.
f*.
us. AKpAsoBA.xAHAoBA, uur. cril o6p.
{
raor.
ftb.
\e-
{4. n. MI'lJlbKOBt4Tr-nEnEK'
unr' clbc" ra6t' IX' LXII' CIX' o6p' 101'
ii. iit- ttt,
"cp.
15; B' AI4MOB'
unr' caq" ctp' 134-!35' o6p' 90'
S6. S.
peLeXeNIDES, Kastoria'
ra6;r' llb'
47. H. KOHAAKOB,
I'Ironorparpua
Eorouarepn' Cn6 1911' crp' 132-133' 43-48 ;
-"
;. iltbKoslar,'nrnrx,
vvuaHre'qxHte
MoTHBH 80 Bu3aHrncKara yMerHocr sa Baaxa'
"o'. "."poo*"or
xa Eoropoanua fleaarouurrrca.,- 36opttux
(Apxeoa. lrysefl), Cronie
tgSg, crp. 15-18, o6p. 12,21 a: B. GyPtlh, tlpxea csere coQuje y oxpnay' Eeo'
rpal, 1963, crP. V'
48. n. M[4JIbKOBh.h-nEIIEK,
Vuuanre'rnnte r"roruaH' o6p' 22; K' MhtTEB'-6poH3oBbrf,
pereQcH3o6paxeHreMEorovarepnHsfl"Iosauscxaroily3et'seminariumKondakovia-
num V, Pragha 1932, crp' 39-45' ra6'r' II2'
49. l!1. n P. JfbyEl'lHKOBI4Tr,
urr' ctv', crp' 56; J' }IYSLIVEC' Svaty Jlii ve vycho-
'-'aott.rtanrkemum6ni,Byzantinoslavica'V'Pragha1934'crp'322-372'
50. G. MILLE T-A. FROLOW, wrr, clq
'
ra6"r' 291'
51. E. EAKAJTOBA, 3a ssxou rnno'lorfiqaH oco6esocrn Ha cretlotlrcnre npl Eepenae' hle'
Ha H-ra sa Hso6paaarernr H3KycrBa VIII' CoQrn 1965' crp' 193-220'
52. G. de JERPHANION,
Les iilises rupestres de Cappadoce' Paris 1925 r.a6n' l25t'
G. VIOLON, En Cappadoce, ies dglisei rupestres de Goreme' Jardin des arts' Nr 135'
Paris 1966, o6P. na crP' 30'
53.K'LASSITHIoTAKIS'DyoekklisiesstoNomoHanion,Deltiontischristianikisar.
chdologikls eterias, per A, t' B, Athenes' 1962' ra6l' 161' KbAero ue BHAHM H ulxpo'
KHTe ,reuTu Ha caBaxa nla B'usxpecenue Jlasapeao' ra6a' 7'
54. S. PELEKANIDES, Kastoria, ra6n'21t,27u:
'rl'
MABPOAT4HOBA'lltpraara
a3erreH'06p"{0
55. Jl. MABPOAT'IHOBA,
I-lrproara s 3eMeH, o6p' 38'
56. C. PAAOJT{hh, Crapo cpncKo ctrrapcroo' crp' 125'
57, A. BACI4III4EB, l{'rpxon n *,u,ua'npu us 3anaaHa 6'ulrapnr' Pa:xonxl H npoy'lsannr lV'
CoQan 1950, crP. 68, o6P' 20'
58. V. PETKOVIC, Peintur; serbe ll, ra6r. XLVI; D' TALBoT'RICE The church of Ha-
ghia Sophia at Treblzond, Edinburgh' 1968' o6p' 68'
59. A. CRABAR, L'empereur dans l'art byzantin' Paris 1936' crp' 51-53' ra6lr' Vll1'
&t 32
60. B. AhMOB,
Paaronrnre na Tpanesnua, o6p. 109, 1106; K. WEITZMANN, Byzantine
Mlniature and Icon Paintlng in the Eleventh century, Proceedlng of the XIIIth inter'
natlonal Congress of Byz. studies, Oxford 1966, ra6r. 21.
61, n. MABPOAhHOBA, l{rproara npn AceHoBa rpenocr, crp. 74.
62. Il. AKPA6OBA-X(AH,(OBA, rar. ctv, o6p. 16, 17.
63. V, PETKOVIC, Peinture serbe II, o6p. 20; A. GRABAR, La pelnture, ctp. 287 ;
K. MI4flTEB, lleurepHa
qT proa Ca. Mapuna, fHM VI, 1936, crp. 289; A, XYNGOPOU'
LOS, uur. c'rv., o6p. 159.
61. M. CEAOBA, KavenHle flKoHKn ,q,peBHero HorropoAa, Coo. Apxeoaornr 3, Mocxea 1965,
crp.264, o6p.3; A.6AHK, Les monuments de la peinture Byzantine du XIIIcs., danr
les collectlons de I'URSS, L'art Byzantin du XIIIe sidcle, Beograd 1967, crp. 93 o6p. 3, 4.
65. H. MABPO,[,I4HOB, Crapo6rarapcroro H3KycrEo XI-XIII n., crp. 72,76-77,83.
66. M. n P. JIbyEI4HKOBHTT, unr. crv., crp. 78-79.
67. hB. AKPAEOBA-XAHAOBA, unr. c'b,r., cTp. 39--44, o6p. 13-45.
68. S. PELEKANIDES, Kastoria, ra6a. 60; A. KOUO-ll. MhJIbKOBI4h-tlEtlEK, Ma-
xacrnp, Cronje 1958, mp. 88-90, o6p. 111-114; A. XYNCOPOULOS, unr. c'bq.
69. L. WRATISLAW-MITROVIe, N. OKOUNEV, La Dormition de la S{e Vidrgc dans la
peinture mddievale orthodoxe, Byzantinoslavica III, l, Praha 1931; AT. BOXKOB'
Cresonxcnre B u'bpKBara Ha lreroxa Opalua, hsxycmo, CoQnn 1964, xu. 2, ctp. 25 cn.
70. B. nETKOBl4Tr, flper,rea, crp. 142.
71. A, GRABAR, L'iconoclasme byzantin, Paris 1957, crp. 35.
72. J. KOBAT{EBI,ITI, Cpe,rHoseKoBHa Horuuta 6aaxaucxnx c,roBega, Eeorpaa 1953, ra6,r, XXIX;
6. OHJIOB, Muunarrcprre ua ,rlosAocrcoto eBaHrenne Ha l,leaH Aaercan,upa, Co$ne,
1934, ra6a. 2; S. PELEKANIDES, Kastorla, ra6a. 31a; A. BACH,'II4EB, Krnropcru
noprpern, CoQnr,1960, o6p. 20; Jl. MABPOAT'IHOBA, Crenonscnre na] urprrara npn
3eMeucruc MaHacrup (lucepraurr), CoQan 1964, crp. 59.
73. I. MABPOAI,IHOBA, nar raM, crp. 59, AC. BACIJJII4EB, nar raM, o6p. 18; V- PET-
KOVIe, La petntureserbedulloyen-Age I, Beograd, 1930, ra6a. 81.
74. B. AVIOB, Crapo6rarapcroro HsrycrBo, CoQun 1924, o6p. 45; M. BOPOBI4t-Jlby-
6l4HKOBhh, Cpe,quonexoaeu HaKrr o,[ fipu,ren n Maproaa Bapou Bo Hapoauror ruyseJ
Bo 6eorpaA, 36opnnr sa apxeon, uysej, Cxonje 1961, ctp. 18 c,r,: cT urure o6N(u ce na-
Mrpar I I Myses B 6yrypeu, Pyu'lune.
r
75. n. MABPOAI4HOBA,
Cresonnorre Ha utpKBara npn 3euencxnr MaHacrHP' crp' 57-58;
AC. BACI{II'IEB, KrHropcKrr noprpertr, o6p' 18' A' GRABAR' L'empereur' ra6n' VIII'
76. V. PETKOVIe, Peinture serbe I, ra6'r' 81, 83a'
zi. v. iriik-ovie,
puin,rr" serbe I, ra6r. 83a; A. BAcl4,rll'lEB, Krrropcrn noprpertr, o6p' 18'
78. A. ORLANDOS, Byzantina mnimia tis Kastorias' Athtne' 1939' o6p' 73'
79. B. AllilloB,
Pa:xonrnre Ha Tpane3nua, crp' i47; A' CRABAR' La peinture' crp' 113'
80. 6. AH,lOB, ,rloH,[oHcroto eBaHrexHe, ra6a. 136, 137.
81. CB. MAHAVI\, nsa npHtora o OpecKaMa
cryaeHKqKe cnonbHe npHnpare' 36opHux :a
,IHKooHa yMer[ocr 2, HoBH ca.q 1966' o6p' 1' 2'
82. 80 bls
g3.
B. AApIUAKOBCK6ft,
BxsaHruttcxuil repraveHHH6 pyKon'c'ufi cB'rol( c MlIHharnpaMH,
''-'npr".On.*uurnil
PyCcxOuy Apxeo,rornlecxouyl4ucruryry s KoHCtaHTHHOnO;re,l'lPAhK VI,
CoQnn 1901, crP. 295-296.
84. 70 bis
85. tl. I,IBAHOB,B'ulrapcxa
crapHHI{ H3 Mare.u,ounl, Cotpun 1931, crp' 639'
86. 20 bis
87. H. MABPOAI4HOB,
Crapo6terapcxara xuBonuc' crp' 166 ;
A. 6yPMOB, [Hr. c1,tl
'
cn. I crp. 25-27 n aa6' 145, ce' II, crp' 9'
88. n. HI4KOB,
qnr. c'bq., crp. 79-83'
89. 6. OEPJAHHI,Ih, Aecnorn
y Bnsanrrrju, crp. 9-26.
g0.
n. HI4KOB, uar. c6rr., crp. 85; IO. TPI4AOHOB, Aecnor l,IBaH AJIeKcaH.u,ap H nono'
xeHnero ua Eurapnr cne; Ben6yx(,1Kara 6nrra, cn. 6AH Xllll, CoSHn 1930, crp.89-91.
91. A. 6yPMOB, uxr. c6q., cB' ll, crp' 9, sa6' 34'
92.H.IvlyillMoB,MogerureHneqaTHTeua6tarapcrnreuape,CoQrrrlg24,crp.l03-105'
"u079_85;T.lEPAct,lMoB,Hrxo.lxoHeI,I3AaAeHh6ucapcrnuoneru,fHMVI,Co-
Qnn
1936, crP.228, o6P. 134'
93.n.HLIKOB,u8r.c'btl.,crp'96,A.EyPMOB,urr'caq',ca'l'crp'26-28wsa6'145'
94. n. HUKOB, LlHr. cl-t{., crp.91-95,97-99;A'
6yPMOB,
qrr' caq"ce' II' crp' 15-20'
95, B. nETKOBhh, flperaer..
',
crp. 141'
96. E. KOUEBA, Hnron oco6euocra Ha Haanucure B ['bpKBara Ca' Eoropolaua e Ao'lHa Ka-
nesnua, Llssecrnl ra l4ucrnryra sa hsxycraosuauHe XIII, CoQur 1969 (noa ne'rar)'
97. G. MILLET
-
A. FROLOW, Peinture en Yougoslavle III, ra6a. 23s' 241' 2;
A' PAPA-
CEORCHIOU, Masterpleces oI the Byzantine art ol Cyprus, Nlcosia 1965, ra6,r. VI, XXVIII
98. O. DEMUS, Studien zur byzantinisohen Buchmalerei des I3. Jahrhunderts, Jahrbuch
der osterreichischen Byzantinischen Gesellschaft, Ctaz-Koln 1960, crp.77-88, o6p.1,2.
99. H. MABPOAI,IHOB, Crapo6urrapcxoro t'r3KycrBo XI-XIII 4., crp. 106 c.r., 139-143.
100. JI. nPA[jKOB, I{arepna,lu H rexl]HKa 6o.'rrapcroll MoHyMeHralbHofl xHBonHcll c KoHua
XII no roseu XIV sexa (aaropeSepar), Mocrsa 1967, crp. 7, 13.
101. A. CRABAR, La pelnture, crp. 97-116; B. Al'lMOB, Pasronrrre Ha Tpanerua a
Ttpuoro; ,1, nPAUKOB, Texunxa ll llarepHanH Ha creHHara x(HBonttc r ulpxeara ,Ce.
40 vr'{eHnuil" a Ttpnono, Myselt u nalternnlllt Ha Kynrypara, CoSne' 1966, rn. 2, crp.
6-13; C'btUttfl, Marepuanu H rexHHKa. . . crp. 7-8'
34