CC BI HA KH TRN TH VIN

Mnh by gi l sinh vin ca Ngoi Thng ri nhng xem li nhng bi ny thy nh qu !

C gng nn cc em nh !
y l cc bi tp hay cc bn post nn nh gii gip.Rt c ch cho cc em .t n thi anh tham gia
gii Rt nhiu v c lu li.
Thn tng cc em.
anhphong_dh_ngoaithuong
Cu 1: Cho hn hp cha x mol Mg v 0,2 mol Fe vo 200 ml dung dch hn hp Fe2(SO4)3 1M v CuSO4 1M,
n phn ng hon ton thu c dung dch A v 18,4 gam cht rn. Gi tr ca x l:
A. 0,3.
B. 0,2.
C. 0,1.
D. 0,4.
Li gii:
cn cht rn: chc chn phi xy ra phn ng vi CuSO4.
Ton b lng Cu2+ => Cu (m = 0,2.64 = 12,8 )
=> mFe d = 18,4 12,8 = 5,6 gam => nFe d = 0,1 mol => nFe phn ng = 0,1 mol)
Mg ht, Fe phn ng 0,1 mol; Fe3+ chuyn ha hon ton Fe2+; Cu2+ phn ng ht to Cu.
2nMg + 2nFep = 1nFe3+ + 2nCu2+ => 2.x + 2.0,1 = 1.0,2.2 + 2.0,2 => x = 0,3 mol.
Cu 2: Hai bnh kn A, B u c dung tch khng i V lt cha khng kh (21% oxi v 79% nit v th tch).
Cho vo c hai bnh nhng lng nh nhau hn hp ZnS v FeS2. Trong bnh B cn thm mt t bt S (khng
d). Sau khi t chy ht hn hp sunfua v lu hunh, lc trong bnh A oxi chim 3,68% th tch, trong
bnh B nit chim 83,16% th tch. % th tch ca SO2 trong bnh A l
A. 13,16%.
B. 3,68%.
C. 83,16%.
D. 21%.
Li gi:
Ta thy bnh B c thm phn ng S + O2 => SO2
Tc l lng mol oxi phn ng bao nhiu th lng mol SO2 thm vo by nhiu, tc l khng tng gim s
mol (tc l khng tng gim th tch) => th tch hn hp kh sau phn ng B v A l nh nhau; m lng
N2 A v B l nh nhau
=> %V N2 A = % V N2 B = 83,16%.
=> % V SO2 A = 100% - V O2 V N2 = 100 3,68 83,16 = 13,16%.
y l bi tp thot u nhn rt kh, nhng 1 t bi ton li tr ln rt n gin. hy chu kh t duy ta
s thy n khng qu kh.
Cu 3: Cho 10,7 gam mt mui clorua c dng (XCln) tc dng vi dung dch AgNO3 d thu c 28,7 gam
kt ta. Mt khc cng cho 10,7 gam mui clorua trn tc dng vi 500ml dung dch KOH 1M, n phn
ng hon ton c cn dung dch thu c m gam cht rn. Gi tr ca m l:
A. 23,7.
B. 31,7.
C. 38,7.
D. 28,7
Li gii
nCl- = nAgCl = 0,2 mol => mX = 3,6 gam. => MX = mX : nCl-.n = 3,6 : 0,2.n = 18n
n = 1 => NH4 + ; n = 2; = 3 loi khng c nghim ph hp.
n NH4Cl = 0,2 mol => sau phn ng cht rn c : KOH d 0,3 mol; v KCl 0,2 mol
m= 0,3.56 + 0,2.(39 +35,5) = 31,7 gam
Cu 4: Ly 5,2 gam hn hp FeS2 v Cu2S tc dng hon ton vi dung dch HNO 3 th thu c dung dch ch cha 2
mui v 12,208 lt hn hp NO2 v SO2 (ktc). Xc nh % v khi lng ca FeS2 trong hn hp ban u
A. 71,53% hoc 81,39%
B. 93,23% hoc 71,53% C. 69,23% hoc 81,39% *D. 69,23% hoc 93,23%

Cu 1: Do dung dch thu c cha 2 mui nn:

TH1: Hai mui nitrat:
FeS2 : a mol , Cu2S = b mol vy c pt: 120 a + 160 b = 5,2 (1)
FeS2 Fe+3 + 2S+4 + 11 e
Cu2S 2Cu+2 +S+4 + 8e
a
2a
11
b
2b
b
8b
+5
Nhn e: N + 1e NO2
(11a + 8 b) vy s mol NO2 = (11a + 8b)
Ta c phng trinh tng mol 2 kh = (2a + b) + (11a + 8b) = 0,545 (2)
T (1) v (2) a = 0,0404
b = 0,0022 % m FeS2 = 93,23%
TH2 Hai mui sufat:
C 120a + 160b = 5,2 (1)
Tng s mol (S) ban u l: 2a + b
Quy i hn hp v Fe , Cu , S
Dung dch thu c gm 2 mui sunfat : Fe3+ (a) ; Cu2+ ( 2b) , SO42- (1,5a + 2b) Dng bo ton in tch.
Qu trnh nhng e:
Fe Fe+3 + 3e
Cu.Cu+2 +2e
S ....................S+6 + 6e
a
3a
2b
4b
(1,5a + 2b) (9a + 12b)
Qu trnh nhn e:
S
+
2e ................ S+4
(2a + b - 1,5 a - 2b)
(a - 2b)
( 0,5 a -b)
N+5
+
e
.............. NO2
(3 a + 4b + 9 a+ 12b - a+2b)
Vy c tng s mol hai kh: ( 0,5 a- b) + ( 12 a + 18b) = 0,545
Ta c a = 0,03 vy % kl ca FeS2 = 69,23 %
Cu 5: Cho 33,35 gam hn hp A gm Fe 3O4, Fe(NO3)3, Cu tc dng hon ton vi dung dch cha 0,414 mol H 2SO4
(long) th thu c kh NO duy nht v dung dch B ch cha 2 mui. C cn B thu c bao nhiu gam mui khan?
*A. 64,400 hoc 61,520
B. 65,976 hoc 61,520
C. 73,122 hoc 64,400
D. 65,976 hoc 75,922

V dd thu c ch gm 2 mui v ch c NO thot ra nn c 2 TH

Fe3O4, Fe(NO3)3, Cu ln lt l a , b ,c

TH1: mui sunfat ca Cu2+ v Fe2+

ta c c + (3a + b) = 0,414
2a + b + 9b = 2c
232a + 242b +64 c = 33,35 . Vy ta c a = 0,069
b= 0,023
C= 0,184
Vy m mui = 64,44
TH2:mui sunfat ca Cu2+ v Fe3+ . p dng Bo ton in tch , e v khi lng tnh c m = 61.52g
Cu 6: Hn hp X gm FeO, Fe3O4 v Fe2O3. kh hon ton 3,04 gam hn hp X cn va 0,1 gam H2.
Ho tan ht 3,04 gam hn hp X bng dung dch H 2SO4 c, nng th th tch kh SO2 (sn phm kh duy
nht) thu c ktc l
A. 0,224 lt
B. 0,336 lt
C. 0,448 lt
D. 0,896 lt
nO(trong oxit) =nH2 = 0,05 mol; => nFe = (3,04 - 0,05.16):56 = 0,04 mol
bo ton e c: 3nFe = 2nO + 2nSO2 => nSO2 = (0,04.3 - 0,05.2) : 2 = 0,01 mol.
=> V =0,224lit
Cu 7: Cho m gam hn hp M gm hai axit X, Y (Y nhiu hn X mt nhm -COOH) phn ng ht vi dung
dch NaOH to ra (m + 8,8) gam mui. Nu cho ton b lng M trn tc dng vi lng d dung dch
AgNO3 trong NH3, sau phn ng kt thc thu c 43,2 gam Ag v 13,8 gam mui amoni ca axit hu c.
Cng thc ca Y v gi tr ca m ln lt l

A. HOCO-CH2-COOH v 30,0.
B. HOCO-CH2-COOH v 19,6.
C. HOCO-COOH v 18,2.
D. HOCO-COOH v 27,2.
nHhM = 8,8 : 22 = 0,4 mol. v M + AgNO3/NH3 c kt ta Ag => c HCOOH
nHCOOH = nAg : 2 = 0,2 mol => Y l axit 2 chc c CTPT l R(COOH)2 y mol
2y + 0,2 = 0,4 => y = 0,1 mol
HCOOH + AgNO3 +NH3 => (NH4)2CO3 + 2Ag
R(COOH)2 + NH3 => R(COONH4)2
0,1 =>

0,1

=> R = 13,8 : 0,1 - (44 + 18).2 = 14

=> HOOC-CH2-COOH (0,1 mol) m = 0,2.46 + 0,1.(14 + 90) =19,6 gam.

CU1 : Mt dung dch c cha H2S04 . v 0.534 gam mui natri ca mt axit cha oxi ca
clo ( mui X ) .. cho thm vo dung dch ny mt lng KI cho n khi iot ngng sinh ra th
thu c 3.05 gam iot .mui X l :
A NACLO
B NACLO2
C NACLO3
D NACLO4
gi mui l NaClO0,5a + 0,5 => NaCl sau phn ng. trong a l s oxihoa ca Cl c trong
NaClO(0,5a + a) => nClO(0,5a + 0,5). cch lm ny l cch lm tng qut nhng kh trnh by v thy s
em hiu nhm (0,5a + 0,5); y l s nguyn t oxi nh. em lp phng trnh bo ton e => nmui natri
roi gii phng trnh tm a.
cch 2: nu l nNaClO => 2.nNaClO = 2nI2 => nNaClO= 0,012 mol => 0,012.(23 + 35,5 + 16) = 0,894
gam => loi.
nu l nNaClO2 => 4nNaClO2 = 2nI2 => nNaClO2 = 0,006 MOL => 0,006.(23 + 35,5 +32)
= 0,543 gam.
nu l NaClO3 => 6nNaClO3 = 2nI2 => nNaClO3 = 0,004 mol => 0,004.(23 +35,5 + 48) = 0,426 gam
nu l NaClO4 => 8nNaClO4 = 2nI2 => nNaClO4 = 0,003 mol => 0,003.(23 + 35,5 +64) = 0,3675 gam
vy khong c p n. em xem c nh nhm 0,543 thnh 0,534 khng nh.

CU 2 : Ha tan 2.08 gam cc cht FeS . FeS2 v S bng dung dch H2S04 (c nng) d
thu c 2.688 lt S02 duy nht .cho dung dch X vo NAOH d , lc ly kt ta . em nung
ngoi khng kh n khi lng khng i th thu c m gam cht rn
A 8.2 gam

B 9 gam

C 1.6 gam

D 10.7 gam

qui i y thnh Fe; S. nu thng thng cc em thng cho S thnh S+4 (SO2)
ri bo ton e; iu ny thng dn n kt qu sai; v cc em qun mt S+6 cng xung thnh S+4; th
nn SO2 phi bng S ca c S tham gia c 2qua trnh nhng, nhn e. vy s phc tp ha bi ton.
n gin bi ton. ta coi l S=> S+6. lc So2 ch l do H2SO4 to ln.
bo ton e c: 6nS + 3nFe= 2.nSO2 = 0,24 mol
v 32nS + 56nFe = 2,08 gam => nFe = 0,02 mol => n Fe3+ = nFe = 0,02 mol.
=> mFe2O3 = 0,02:2.160 = 16 gam.

Cu 3 : cho 200 ml dung dich NAOH c ph =14 vo 200 ml dung dch H2S04 0.25 M .
thu c 400ml dung dich A . tr s ph ca A l :
A 13.6
B 1.4
C 13.2
D 13.4
pH= 14 => pOH = 0 => [OH-] = 10^0 = 1M => nOH- = 0,2 mol
nH+ = 0,2.0,25.2 = 0,1 mol => sau phn ng nOH-d = 0,2 - 0,1 = 0,1 mol
[OH-] = 0,1 : (0,2 + 0,2) = 0,25M => pOH = -log0,25 = 0,6 => pH = 14 - 0,6 = 13,4
Cu 4: Khi thu phn m gam tetrapeptit Ala-Gly-Val-Gly (H+ xc tc) thu c 0,5 mol Ala-Gly, 0,3 mol GlyVal, 0,4 mol Ala, cn li l Gly v Val vi tng khi lng l a gam. Gi tr ca a l
A. 177,3 gam
B. 142,5 gam
*C. 145,2 gam
D. 137,7
Cu 5: t chy hon ton 0,1 mol mt peptit X (X c to thnh t cc amino axit ch cha 1 nhm NH 2
v 1 nhm -COOH) cn 58,8 lt O 2 (ktc) thu c 2,2 mol CO 2 v 1,85 mol H2O. Nu cho 0,1 mol X thu
phn hon ton trong 500ml dung dch NaOH 2M thu c m gam cht rn. S lin kt peptit trong X v gi
tr m ln lt l
A. 8 v 92,9 gam
B. 8 v 96,9 gam
C. 9 v 92,9 gam
*D. 9 v 96,9 gam
Cu 6: Hn hp X gm glyxin, alanin, valin v axit glutamic. tc dng va vi 42,8 gam hn hp X
cn 500 ml dung dch NaOH 1M. Mt khc t chy hon ton 42,8 gam hn hp X cn 40,32 lt O 2 (ktc) thu
c H2O, CO2 v 4,48 lt N2 (ktc). Khi lng ca CO2 to ra l
*A. 66 gam
B. 59,84 gam
C. 61,60 gam
D. 63,36 gam
Bi gii:
Bi 1: Nhn thy n(ala) = 0,9 mol = n(X). Trong t X l: Ala-Gly-Val-Gly
Nh th n(gly) = 1,8 mol v n ( Val) = 0,9 mol
Nh th trong a gam thu c c n(gly) = 1,8-0,5-0,3 = 1 mol
n (Val) = 0,9 - 0,3 = 0,6 mol.
Vy gi tr ca a = 145,2 gam
Bi 2: Do cc aminoaxit ch cha 1 nhm -NH2 v 1 nhm - COOH.
Gi A l 1 aminoaxit TQ to peptit X. Vy X l: KA-(K-1)H2O.(0,1 mol).
Vy n(O) trong X l 2k.0,1 -( k -1).0,1
X + 58,8 lt O2 2,2 mol CO2 + 1,85 mol H2O. Vy bo ton nguyn t O. Ta c
n (O) trong X = 1 mol
Vy c 2k.0,1 - (k-1).0,1 = 1 Vy k = 9. C 9 lin kt peptit.
X + 58,8 lt O2 CO2 + H2O + 9/2 N2.
2,2
1,85
0,45
Vy BTKl m(X) = 58,7 gam
Khi thu phn X trong NaOH : (9A - 8 H2O) + 9 NaOH mui + H2O

Vy khi lng cht rn thu c l: 58,7 + 0,5.2.40 - 18.0,1 = 96,9 gam

Bi 3: t CTTQ ca X l R(COOH)k
X + 0,5 mol NaOH . Vy n(O)X = 1 mol
Mt khc X + O2 CO2
+ H2O
+ N2
1.8 mol x(mol)
y(mol)
0,2 mol
BTKL ta c 44x + 18 y = 97,6
BT Nguyn t O: 2x + y = 1,8.2 + 1
Vy x = 1,5 Vy khi lng CO2 = 66 gam
Cu 5: Hn hp X gm Fe, FeO, Fe2O3 v Fe3O4. Ho tan hon ton X trong 400 ml dung dch HCl 2M thy
thot ra 2,24 lt H2 v cn li 2,8 gam st (duy nht) cha tan. Hy cho bit nu cho ton b hn hp X vo
dung dch HNO3 c, nng d thu c bao nhiu lt kh NO2 ?
A. 4,48 lt
B. 10,08 lt
C. 16,8 lt
D. 20,16 lt
Ta c
nFe( X ) nH nFe(du) 0,1 0,05 0,15mol
2

nH ( pvi oxit trong X)

0,8 0,2
0,3mol
2
2
ne nha
n=0,6 nFe =0,2 mol nFe=0,35 mol
ta co3nFe=2nO+nNO2 nNO2 0,45

nO

V 10,08(lit)
Bai nay cung ta ch can tm so mol cua Fe ( coi nh Fe ban au phan ng
vi oxi va sau o hh A phan ugnws tiep vi HNO3)la c

Cu 7: Chia hn hp 2 kim loi c ho tr khng i lm 2 phn bng nhau. Phn 1 tan ht trong dung dch
HCl to ra 1,792 lt H2 (ktc). Phn 2, nung trong oxi thu c 2,84 gam hn hp oxit. Khi lng hn hp 2
kim loi ban u l:
A. 2,4 gam
B. 1,8 gam
C. 2,2 gam
D. 3,12 gam
Do hoa tr cua 2 KL ko oi nen gia s la KL co hoa tr 2 i cho de
Em ch can hieu sau khi phan ng ta co nHCl p vi KL =nHCl p vi Oxit Kl
la c
X 2HCl XCl2 H2
2X O2 2XO
XO 2HCl XCl2 H2O
mX mXO mO 2,84 nH2.16 mX 1,56g(1pha
n)
mXbana
u 3,12g
Cu 4: Khi thu phn m gam tetrapeptit Ala-Gly-Val-Gly (H+ xc tc) thu c 0,5 mol Ala-Gly, 0,3 mol GlyVal, 0,4 mol Ala, cn li l Gly v Val vi tng khi lng l a gam. Gi tr ca a l
A. 177,3 gam
B. 142,5 gam
C. 145,2 gam
D. 137,7
Li gii:
Da trn peptit d thy: nGly = 2nAla = 2nVal
C : ngly = nAl-gly + nGly-Val + nGly = 0,8 + x
M nAla = nAla-gly + nAla = 0,5 + 0,4 = 0,9 mol => nGly = 1,8 mol => x = 1 mol
n Val = nGly-Val + nVal = 0,3 + y = 0,9 (= nAla) => y = 0,6 mol
a = 1.75 + 0,6.117 = 145,2 gam

Cu 5: t chy hon ton 0,1 mol mt peptit X (X c to thnh t cc amino axit ch cha 1 nhm NH 2
v 1 nhm -COOH) cn 58,8 lt O 2 (ktc) thu c 2,2 mol CO 2 v 1,85 mol H2O. Nu cho 0,1 mol X thu
phn hon ton trong 500ml dung dch NaOH 2M thu c m gam cht rn. S lin kt peptit trong X v gi
tr m ln lt l
A. 8 v 92,9 gam
B. 8 v 96,9 gam
C. 9 v 92,9 gam
D. 9 v 96,9 gam
Li gii:
Gi s gc aminoaxit cu to peptit l a th ta thy cng thc peptit c dng: RNaOa+1
Vy s noxi trong peptit = 2nCO2 + nH2O 2nO2 = 2,2.2 + 1,85 2.2,625 = 1 mol
=> s Oxi trong peptit = 1 : 0,1 = 10 => a = 9; c 9 gc aminoaxit tc l c 8 lin kt peptit
(tc l thay cho 8H2O trong aminoaxit)
mpeptit = mC + mH + mO + mN = 2,2.12 + 1,85.2 + 1.16 + 0,1.9.14 = 58,7 gam (bo ton nguyn t)
mhn hp aminoaxit = mpeptit + mH2O = 58,7 + 0,8.18 = 73,1 gam
v c nNaOH p = naminoaxit = 0,1.9 = 0,9 mol => nNaOH d = 0,1 mol
mcht rn = 0,1.40 + 73,1 + 22.0,9 = 96,9 gam
(khi lng mui tng so vi maminoaxit = 22nNaOH)
Bi ton mc t duy cao hn 1 cht, phi vn dng nhanh k nng bo ton nguyn t; nh ngha v
peptit, cc vn cc em c th mc sai lm l s lin kt peptit nh l = s gc aminoaxit - 1; sai lm 2
l khi lng peptit bo ton cn ch c thm Nito
Cu 6: Hn hp X gm glyxin, alanin, valin v axit glutamic. tc dng va vi 42,8 gam hn hp X
cn 500 ml dung dch NaOH 1M. Mt khc t chy hon ton 42,8 gam hn hp X cn 40,32 lt O 2 (ktc) thu
c H2O, CO2 v 4,48 lt N2 (ktc). Khi lng ca CO2 to ra l
A. 66 gam
B. 59,84 gam
C. 61,60 gam
D. 63,36 gam
Li gii
mX = mC + mH + mO + mN (bo ton nguyn t) ; m nO = 2n-COOH = 2nNaOH = 2.0,5 = 1 mol
12nCO2 + 2nH2O = 42,8 16.1 28.0,2 = 21,2 gam
Bo ton khi lng c: 44nCO2 + 18n H2O = 42,8 + 32.1,8 0,2.28 = 94,8 gam
Gii h c: nCO2 = 1,5 mol => mCO2 = 66 gam
(Ch : nu cc aminoaxit cng cng thc tng qut th ta t cng thc chung; nu khc cng thc tng qut
th nn nh vn dng bo ton nguyn t; y l cch gii chung khi bi ton cho khi lng hp cht hu c
km theo phn ng t chy). Chc em thnh cng!
Cu 1 : c bao nhiu ng phn l hp cht thm c cng thc phn t C8H10O tc dng vi Na ,khng tac
dng vi NaOH v khng lm mt mu dung dch brom
A5
B6
C4
D7
Li gii:
= (2C + 2 H): 2 = (8.2 + 2 10) : 2 = 4 (benzen c 1 vng + 3 lin kt = 4) => nhm chc OH (v phn
ng Na) v nhnh no, v khng tc dng NaOH v dung dch Brom => -OH khng lin kt trc tip benzen.
C6H5-CH(OH)CH3 v C6H5-CH2CH2(OH).
V 3 ng phn v tr o,m,p vi CH3-C6H4-CH2OH.
Vy c 5 ng phn.
Cu 2 : Ha tan hon ton m gam hn hp gm Cu v Fe3O4 vo dung dch HCl d . sau phn ng cn l
8,32 gam cht rn khng tan v dung dch X . c cn dung dch X thu c 61.92 gam cht rn khan . gi
tr ca m l :
A 43.84
B 70.24
C 55.44
D 103.67
Li gii:
Fe3O4 + HCl => FeCl2 + FeCl3 + H2O; Cu + FeCl3 => FeCl2 + CuCl2

V Cu d nn FeCl3 ht. cht rn ca X gm CuCl2 (x mol); FeCl2 (3x mol) (em vit phng trnh hoc bo
ton e s thy nFe3O4 = nCu phn ng = x mol) => 135x + 3x.127 = 61,92
x = 0,12 mol => m = 0,12.(64 + 232) + 8,32 = 43,84 gam.
(Sai lm y cc em d mc phi l thiu khi lng Cu d; vi bi ton ny khng cn vit phng trnh
phn ng, mt thi gian, nh phn ng ca Cu vi Fe3+)
Cu 3 :Cho m gam hn hp gm Cu v Fe3O4 tan va ht trong dung dch HCl 20 % thu c dung dch Y
( ch cha 2 mui ). Nng phn trm ca FeCl2 trong dung dch Y l:
A 14.4%
B 20.5%
C 23.6%
D 21.7%
Li gii:
Trong Y c 2 mui l CuCl2 (x mol); FeCl2 (3x mol) => n HCl phn ng = 8x mol
=> Chn s mol HCl = 8mol => m dung dch HCl = 8.36,5 : 0,2 = 1460 gam.
C 8x = 8 => x = 1 mol = nCu p/ = nFe3O4 p/
C mdung dch sau phn ng = mCu phn ng + mFe3O4 + mdung dch HCl = 64.1 + 232.1 + 1460 = 1756 gam
C% dd FeCl2 = 3.1.127 : 1756. 100% = 21,7%.
Cu 4 : Cho 18.5 gam hn hp X gm Fe v Fe3O4 tc dng vi 200 ml dung dch HNO3 long un nng v
khuy u . sau khi phn ng xy ra hon ton thu c 2.24 lt kh NO duy nht ( DKTC) , dung dch Y v
cn li 1.46 gam kim loi khng tan. Nng mol/l ca dung dch HNO3 l :
A 2.7
B 3.2
C 1.6
D 2.
Li gii
Fe3O4 + HNO3 => Fe(NO3)3 + NO + H2O ; Fe + HNO3 => Fe(NO3)3 + NO + H2O
Fe d + Fe(NO3)3 => Fe(NO3)2
(em nh nh Cu; Fe d th Fe3+ chuyn hon ton thnh Fe2+ nha)
Qui i Fe; O. c phng trnh: 56nFe p/ + 16nO = 18,5 1,46
V 2nFep/ 2nO = 3nNO = 0,3 mol
Gii h c: n Fe p = 0,27 mol => nHNO3 phn ng = 2nFe(NO3)2 + nNO = 0,54 + 0,1 = 0,64 mol
CM dd HNO3 = 0,64 : 0,2 = 3,2 M (bi cho Vdd HNO3 =200ml th phi)
Cu 5: X l mt tetrapeptit . cho m gam X tc dng va 0.3 mol NaOH thu c 34.95 gam mui ,
phn t khi ca X c gi tr l :
A 324
B 432
C 234
D 342
Li gii
Tetrapeptit + 3H2O => 4Aminoaxit (1)
Aminoaxit + NaOH => Mui + H2O (2)
Vy mAminoaxit = 34,95 0,3.22 = 28,35 gam => nH2O (1) = nAminoaxit = nNaOH = 0,225 mol.
V npeptit = n NaOH : 4 = 0,075 mol
mpeptit = mAminoaxit mH2O (1) = 28,35 0,225.18 = 24,3 gam => Mpeptit = 24,3 : 0,075 = 324 vC
(Lu : X phi to t aminoaxit c 1 nhm NH2 v 1 nhm COOH; Em ch cn vit s phn ng tng
qut nh 2 phng trnh trn l d dng gii quyt bi ton thi. Hm trc, em c gi bi nh thy lm gip,
nhng thy ngh bi tng i d, nn thy mun em phi t duy, chu kh lm, c lm mi v ra nhiu
iu em , m nh 1 iu mun lm tt bi tp em phi nm vng l thuyt, v phi chu kh lm; ng trng
ch qu nhiu vo thy c, phi rn cho mnh tnh t lp, hy lng nghe iu thy ni, thy ngh em s lm
c thi, khng c g kh, ch s long khng bn phi khng em? ! M em c hi thy l no ra st i
hc, thy ngh no cng st ht, ci quan trng l mnh phi rn luyn nhiu lm nhiu th ci g cng s d
ht thi, cn ni v hng ra c v ph hp v gn gi vi thi i hc thy ngh em nn chn ca
HSPHN, Chuyn KHTN (tt nhin l thuyt s kh y, phi chc lm y!), chuyn Nguyn Hu; chuyn

Am; v cc trng chuyn khc. Tng i hay v kh st v bi tp v l thuyt! tt nhin kin thc l mnh
mng, quan trng l hy tch ly tht nhiu kin thc th khng c g phi ngi c.
Chc em thnh cng!
( tha thy c v cc bn . cu 5 c th gip em c ch phn ng th no !)
Cu 5: Hn hp X gm Fe, FeO, Fe2O3 v Fe3O4. Ho tan hon ton X trong 400 ml dung dch HCl 2M thy
thot ra 2,24 lt H2 v cn li 2,8 gam st (duy nht) cha tan. Hy cho bit nu cho ton b hn hp X vo
dung dch HNO3 c, nng d thu c bao nhiu lt kh NO2 ?
A. 4,48 lt
B. 10,08 lt
C. 16,8 lt
D. 20,16 lt
Li gii:
V Fe d sau phn ng l mui FeCl2 = nHCl : 2 = 0,4 mol
(v Fe => Fe2+, kt thc ch ln 1 s oxi ha) => bo ton electron:
2nFe = 2nO (trong oxit) + 2nH2 => nO(trong oxit) = (2.0,4 2.0,1): 2 = 0,3 mol
Vy trong Xc (0,4 + 2,8 : 56 = 0,45 mol Fe) v 0,3 mol O.
Khi phn ng HNO3 c nNO2 = 3nFe 2nO = 0,45.3 -2.0,3 =0,75 mol=> V = 16,8 lit.
(cn ch khi bo ton e th kim loi phi nn cng 1 s oxi ha, lc ny vn dng c qui i, thng khi
phn ng HCl s c c Fe2+ v Fe3+ nn khng vn dng qui i c)
Cu 7: Chia hn hp 2 kim loi c ho tr khng i lm 2 phn bng nhau. Phn 1 tan ht trong dung dch
HCl to ra 1,792 lt H2 (ktc). Phn 2, nung trong oxi thu c 2,84 gam hn hp oxit. Khi lng hn hp 2
kim loi ban u l:
A. 2,4 gam
B. 1,8 gam
C. 2,2 gam
D. 3,12 gam
Li gii:
S mol e nhn 2 qu trnh l nh nhau (v M cng nn 1 s oxi ha, tc l cng nhng 1 lng mol e) =>
nO = nH2 = 0,08 mol => mkim loi phn 2 = 2,84 16.0,08 = 1,56 g
m = 1,56.2 = 3,12 gam. (chia 2 phn bng nhau)
Cu 1: Cho 1,99 gam hn hp X gm hai axit n chc mch h Y v Z (M Y < MZ) tc dng vi dung dch AgNO3
trong NH3 d, dung dch thu c sau phn ng cho tc dng vi HCl d thy thot ra 0,56 lit kh (ktc). Mt khc,
nu cho 1,99 gam X tc dng vi NaOH th sau phn ng thu c 2,87 gam mui. tn ca Z l
Axit axetic.
B. Axit propionic.
C. Axit fomic. D. Axit acrylic
Cu 2: 0,4 lit dung dch hn hp gm HCl 1M v Fe(NO 3)3 0,5M c th ha tan ti a m gam hn hp Fe v Cu (t
l mol 2 : 3), sau phn ng thu c dung dch X v kh NO (sn phm kh duy nht). c cn Xth khi lng
mui khan thu c l
A64,2.
B. 82,2.
C. 57,4.
D. 71,6.
Cu 3: Hn hp X gm Ankan A v H2 c t khi hi ca X so vi He bng 4. nung nng X cracking hon ton A thu
c hh Y c t khi hi so vi H2 l bng 2,4 . Xc nh cng thc phn t ca A:
A. C4H10.
B. C5H12
C. C3H8.
D. C6H14.
Cu 5: Tng s ht c bn trong nguyn t ca nguyn t M, X ln lt l 58 v 52. Hp cht MX n c tng s ht proton
trong mt phn t l 36. Lin kt trong phn t MXn thuc loi lin kt:
A. Cho nhn
B. Cng ha tr phn cc
C. Ion
D. Cng ha tr khng phn cc
Cu 22: Hn hp X gm 2 este n chc. Cho 0,5 mol X tc dng vi dung dch AgNO 3/NH3 d thu c 43,2g Ag.
Cho 14,08g X tc dng vi dung dch KOH va thu c hn hp 2 mui ca 2 axit ng ng lin tip v 8,256g
hn hp 2 ancol no n chc ng ng lin tip, mch h. Cng thc ca 2 ancol l:
A. C4H9OH v C5H11OH
B. CH3OH v C2H5OH
C. C2H5OH v C3H7OH
D. C3H7OH v C4H9OH
Cu 27: Hn hp A gm C3H4 v H2. Cho A i qua ng ng bt Ni nung nng thu c hn hp B ch gm 3 hirocacbon
c t khi so vi H2 l 21,5. T khi ca A so vi H2 l:

A. 10,4

B. 9,2

C. 7,2

D. 8,6

Cu 22: t chy hon ton 2,01 gam hn hp gm axit acrylic, vinyl axetat, metyl metacrylat. Ton b sn
phm chy cho qua dung dch Ca(OH)2 d, sau phn ng thu c 9 gam kt ta v dung dch X. Vy khi
lng dung dch X thay i so vi dung dch Ca(OH)2 ban u l:
A. gim 3,87 gam

B. tng 5,13 gam

C. tng 3,96 gam

D. gim 9 gam

Cu 5: t chy hon ton 29,6 gam hn hp X gm CH3COOH,CxHyCOOH,v (COOH)2 thu c 14,4

gam H2O v m gam CO2. Mt khc, 29,6 gam hn hp X phn ng hon ton vi NaHCO3 d thu c 11,2
lt (ktc) kh CO2.Tnh m.
A. 33 gam
B. 48,4 gam
C. 44g
D. 52,8 g
14, 4
11, 2
mC 29, 6
.2
.2.16 12 mCO2 44
18
22, 4
Cu 23: Mt loi m cha 50% olein, 30% panmitin v 20% stearin. Khi lng x phng natri 72% iu ch c t
100 kg loi m trn l
A. 146,68kg
B. 134,37kg
C. 73,34kg
D. 143,41kg

Cu 56: Oxi ho m gam mt ancol n chc, bc mt, mch h A thu c hn hp X gm: Anehit, axt, nc v ancol
d. Chia X lm 3 phn bng nhau: Phn 1 cho tc dng vi Na va , thu c 0,2 mol H2 v 25,6 gam cht rn. Phn 2
cho phn ng vi NaHCO3 d, thu c 0,1 mol kh CO2. Phn 3 cho tc dng vi dung dch AgNO3/NH3(d), thu c
0,6 mol Ag. Nu oxi ho hon ton m gam A ch to thnh anehit, ri cho phn ng trng gng th s mol Ag thu c
l (phn ng xy ra hon ton)
A. 1,6.
B. 0,8.
C. 2,4.
D. 4,8.
Cu 30: Cho 13,36g hn hp X gm Cu v Fe3O4 vo dung dch H2SO4 c nng d c V1 lt SO2 v dung dch Y. Cho
Y phn ng vi NaOH d c kt ta T, nung kt ta ny n khi lng khng i c 15,2 gam cht rn.Q. Nu
cng cho lng X nh trn vo 400ml dung dch cha HNO3 v H2SO4 thy c V2 lt NO duy nht thot ra v cn li
0,64g kim loi cha tan ht. Cc phn ng xy ra hon ton. Gi tr V1 v V2 ln lt l:
A. 2,576 v 0,224
B. 2,912 v 0,224
C. 2,576 v 0,896
D. 2,576 v 0,672

1.un si hh gm 2 cht hu c n chc, cng thc phn t hn km nhau 1 nhm CH2 vi 200 ml dd
NaOH 1M (va ) thu c ancol X v 16,4 gam mt mui Y. Cho ton b lng ancol phn ng vi Na
sinh ra 1,12 lt kh H2 (ktc). Thnh phn % theo khi lng ca 2 cht trong hh l:
A. 40,67% v 59,33%
B. 55,22% v 44,78 %
C. 60,12% v 39,88%
D. 35,47% v 64,53%
2. Cht X c CTPT l C3H7O2N. Bit X va c kh nng tc dng vi dd NaOH, va tc dng vi dd HCl. S
ng phn cu to c th c ca X l
A.3
B. 6
C. 4
D.5
Cu 29: Khi thy phn hon ton 1 tetrapeptit X mch h ch thu c amino axit cha 1 nhm -NH 2 v 1 nhm
-COOH. Cho m gam X tc dng va vi 0,3 mol NaOH thu c 34,95 gam mui. Gi tr ca m l
A. 24,30
B. 22,95
C. 21,60
D. 21,15

Cu 39: Nhit phn hon ton m gam hn hp X gm KCl, KClO 3, CaCl2, CaOCl2, Ca(ClO3)2 thu c cht
rn Y v 2,24 lt kh O2 (ktc). Ha tan Y vo nc c dung dch Z. Cho dung dch Z tc dng vi dung dch
Na2CO3 d thu c 20 gam kt ta. Nu cho dung dch Z tc dng vi dung dch AgNO 3/NH3 d th thu
c 71,75 gam kt ta. Gi tr ca m l
A. 50,6 g
B. 124,85 g
C. 29,65 g
D. 32,85 g

Cu 21: Hn hp X gm Hidro, propen, propanal, ancol alylic. t 1 mol hn hp X thu c 40,32 lt CO 2

(ktc). un X vi bt Ni mt thi gian thu c hn hp Y c dY X = 1,25. Nu ly 0,1 mol hn hp Y th tc
dng va vi V lt dung dch Br2 0,2M. Gi tr ca V l
A. 0,1 lt
B. 0,25 lit
C. 0,3 mol
D. 0,2 lt
Cu 29:
Tetrapeptit + 4NaOH mui + H2O
0,3
0,075
m + 0,3.40 = 34,95 + 0,075.18
m = 24,3
( bi ny em chi cn ch l trong tetrapeptit cha 3 lin kt peptit v 1 nhm COOH, nh vy s c
3NaOH thy phn (i vo mui) v 1NaOH tc dung vi COOH to 1H2O l c)
Cu 39:
KCl, KClO3, CaCl2, CaOCl2, Ca(ClO3)2 KCl, CaCl2 + O2
m (gam) X
Y
0,1 mol
Ca2+ = CaCO3 = 0,2 mol
Cl - = AgCl = 0,5 mol
Bo ton in tch: K+ + 2Ca2+ = Cl- K+ = 0,5 0,2.2 = 0,1 mol
m = mK + mCa + mCl + mO = 0,1.39 + 0,2.40 + 0,5.35,5 + 0,1.32 = 32,85 gam
(tht ra ny cha chnh xc lm. V nhit phn KClO3 c th xy ra 2 phn ng
KClO3 KCl + 3/2 O2 (150 300 ) , thng xc tc MnO2
4KClO3 4KClO4 + KCl (400 )
y ta gii ta nh chp nhn phn ng trn, nhng r rng khng cho iu kin g khng
nh. Em ch ti trng hp ny nha)
Cu 21:
Nhn xt: propen, propanal, ancol alylic u c 3C v u tc dng vi H 2 hoc dung dch Br2 theo t l 1 : 1.
Xem hn hp ny l A.
1 mol X: CO2: 1,8 mol A= 1,8/3 = 0,6 mol H2 = 1 0,6 = 0,4 mol
MY / MX = nX / nY = 1,25 nY = nX / 1,25 = 1 / 1,25 = 0,8 mol
nH2 p = nX nY = 0,2 mol
nH2 p + nBr2 = nA = 0,6 mol nBr2 = 0,4 mol
C 0,8 mol Y p c 0,4 mol Br2

0,1 ----------------- 0,05 mol Br2

V = 0,05 / 0,2 = 0,25 lt
Cu 1: Cho 18,56 gam hn hp X gm Fe, Fe3O4 tc dng vi 200ml dung dch HNO3 long nng v khuy u.
Sauk hi phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu c 2,24 lt kh NO duy nht(ktc), dung dch Y v cn li 1,466 gam kim
loi. Phn trm khi lng Fe3O4 trong 18,56 gam hn hp ban u l:
A. 37,5%
B. 40,72%
C. 27,5%
D. 41,5%
Cu 2: Nung mt thanh Mg vo dung dch cha 0,6 mol Fe(NO3)3 v 0,05 mol Cu(NO3)2, sau mt thi gian ly
thanh kim loi ra v cn li th thy khi lng thanh tng 11,6 gam. Khi lng Mg phn ng l:
A. 6,96gam

B. 21 gam

C. 20,88gam

D. 2,4gam

Cu 3: Hn hp X gm KClO3, Ca(ClO3)2, CaCl2, v KCl c tng khi lng 83,68gam. Nhit phn hon ton X
thu c 17,472 lt kh O2(ktc), v cht rn Y gm CaCl2 v KCl. Cho Y tc dng va 0,36 lt dung dch K2CO3
0,5M thu c dung dch Z. Lng KCl trong Z nhiu gp 22/3 ln lng KCl trong X. Phn trm khi lng
KClO3 trong X l:

A. 47,62%

B. 58,55%

C. 81,37%

D. 23,51%

Cu 4: Hn hp X gm CnH2n-1CHO, CnH2n-1COOH, CnH2n-1CH2OH(u mch h). Cho 2,8 gam X phn ng va

8,8 gam brom trong nc. Mt khc, cho ton b lng X trn phn ng vi lng d dung dch AgNO3 trong
NH3, kt thc phn ng thu c 2,16 gam Ag. Phn trm khi lng ca CnH2n-1CHO trong X l:
A. 26,63%

B. 22,22%

C. 20,00%

D. 16,42%

Cu 5: t a mol X l Trieste ca Glixerol v axit n chc mch h thu c b mol CO2 v c mol H2O, vi bc=4a. Hiro ha m gam X cn 6,72 lt H2(ktc) thu c 39 gam X. Nu un m gam X vi dung dch cha 0,7 mol
NaOH n phn ng hon ton, sau c cn dung dch sau phn ng thu c m gam cht rn. Gi tr ca m l:
A. 57,2 gam

B. 53,2 gam

C. 61,48gam

D. 52,6 gam

Cu 1: Cho m gam hn hp A gm MgO, Al2O3, Fe2O3, Fe3O4, CuO v Cr2O3 tc dng vi dung dch H2SO4
c, nng, d thy gii phng 1,12 lt kh SO2 ( sn phm kh duy nht ktc). Dn CO qua m gam hn hp
A, un nng, sau mt thi gian thu c cht rn B v hn hp kh X. Dn X qua nc vi trong, d thu c
12 gam kt ta. Ha tan cht rn B trong ung dch HNO3 d gii phng V lt hn hp kh NO2 v NO ( ktc).
T khi ca hn hp kh ny so vi H2 l 19,44. Gi tr ca V l:
A. 4,032
B. 2,846
C. 1,66
D. 3,439
a 3b 2nO 2nSO2 0,34
a 0,1
NO2 a
a 8,88

b 0, 08
NO b
b 7,12

Cu 2: X l dung dch Al2(SO4)3, Y l dung dch Ba(OH)2. Trn 200ml X vi 300ml Y c 8,55 gam kt ta.
Trn 200ml X vi 500ml Y c 12,045 gam kt ta. Nng mol/l ca dung dch X v Y ln lt l:
A. 0,1M v 0,05M B. 0,1M v 0,2M
C. 0,05M v 0,075M
D. 0,075M v 0,1M
gp con ny ng c di m lp h pt m gii em nh ! th p n em nh !
mt v hiu qu !
Cho 0,1 mol CH3COOH vo cc cha 30 ml dung dch ROH 20% (D=1,2 g/ml, R l mt kim loi kim). C
cn dung dch sau phn ng, ri t chy hon ton cht rn khan cn li. Sau khi t chy th cn li 9,54
gam cht rn v c m gam hn hp gm CO2, hi nc bay ra. Gi tr ca m l
A. 7,54
B. 8,26
C. 9,3
D. 10,02
nCO2 0, 2 0, 09 0,11
mROH 7, 2

R Na
m 8, 26

1
0,18 0, 4 0,1
0,19
mR2CO3 9,54
nH 2O nH

2
2
Cu 1: Hn hp kh X gm 0,3 mol H 2 v 0,1 mol vinylaxetilen. Nung X mt thi gian vi xc tc Ni thu
c hn hp kh Y c t khi so vi khng kh l 1. Nu cho ton b Y sc t t vo dung dch brom (d)
th c m gam brom tham gia phn ng. Gi tr ca m l
A. 8,0.
B. 16,0.
C. 3,2.
D. 32,0.

m 0,3.2 0,1.52 5,8 nY 0, 2 n nH 2 ( pu ) 0, 2 nBr2 0,1

T khi hi ca st 3 clorua khan so vi khng kh nhit 447* C l 10.49 v 517*C l 9.57 v tn ti

cn bng ha hc sau
2FeCl3(kh) <======== Fe2Cl6 (kh)
Phn ng nghch c
A enta H <0 :phn ng thu nhit

B enta H > :phn ng ta nhit

C enta H > :phn ng thu nhit
D enta H <0 :phn ng ta nhit
khi tng nhit th M n

m
suy ra cn bng dch sang tri
M

vy phn ng nghch thu nhit

Cu 1 :
Ha tan hon ton hn hp X gm x mol Ba v y mol Al vo nc d thu c V lt kh H2 v dung dch
Y . Mi quan h gia V,x,y
A V=22.4( x +3y)
B V=22.4(x+y)
C V=11.2(2x +2y)
D V=11.2(2x+3y)
tan hon ton nn OH d nH 2 x 1,5 y
Cu 2
in phn dung dch hn hp gm x mol Nacl v y mol Cus04 vi in cc tr mng ngn xp. dung dch
in phn ha tan c hn hp Fe v Fe203 . mi quan h gia x v y
Ax < 2 y
B x= 2 y
C x>2 y
D x< = 2y
dd ha tan c (Fe) c H+ suy ra 2y>x
CuFeS2 + 0 XI ============== SN PHM L G A /
V phng trnh
Cu20 + Cu2s == ?
cm on thy c v cc bn
2CuFeS 2 4O2 Cu2 S 2 FeO 3SO2
FeO Fe2O3

nungtiep Cu2 S 3O2 2Cu2O 2SO2

Cu S Cu O 6Cu SO
2
2
2

anh phong !

in phn vi in cc tr dung dch cha 0.2 mol AgNO3 vi cng dng in 2.68A, trong thi gian t
gi thu c dung dch X ( hiu sut in phn 100%) cho 16.8 gam bt Fe vo X thy thot ra kh NO ( sp
kh duy nht) v sau cc phn ng hon ton thu c 22.7 gam cht rn. gi tr ca t l:
A. 0,5
B.1
C.2
D.0,25
Bi gii gi
Gi x l s mol ca AgNO3 b in phn trong t gi
D thy ngay hh KL sau P c Fe d
Ta c 16,8- 7(0,8- x)+ (0,2-x)108=22,7 x= 0,1
t= 1 gi

Bai 1: Cho phn ng 2NH3 N2+ 3H2, bit rng khi tng nhit thy t khi ca hn hp
kh so vi H2 l gim.
Trong cc nhn xt sau:
1 . Khi tng nhit cn bng pu chuyn dch theo chiu thun
2. Khi tng p sut cn bng phn ng chuyn dch theo chiu thun
3. Khi gim p sut tc phn ng thun tng ln

4. Khi tng nng NH3 tc phn ng thun va nghch u tng ln.

5. Nn thm H2 vo h cn bng pu chuyn dch theo chiu nghc
6. Khi gim nhit tc pu nghch tng
S nhn xt ng la bao nhieu
Hng dn
(th nht em nh phn ng N2 + H2 NH3 l phn ng ta nhit H < 0)
Vy phn ng trn ngc li nn l thu nhit, H >0, v d kin t khi gip ta khai thc
c iu ny nhng thy ngh nhng phn ng quan trng ny mnh nn nh v cng khng
c nhiu m n li thuc dng quen thuc na)
1. ng ri tng nhit m li thu nhit th cn bng s chuyn dch theo thun
2. Tng p sut cn bng chuyn dch theo chiu thun => sai ri v h s kh v tri =2 <
v phi =4. (em c th tham kho chuyn m bn c gi ln phn ny kh hay v
chi tit)
3. Khi gim P tt nhin v t phi gim ri (tng P th v tng m) => sai
4. Khi tng nng NH3 ta c v t tng, v v nghch cng tng nh. Em hiu th ny nh
[NH3] => [N2] tng v [H2] tng => v nghch tng
(ngoi ra em cn nh KC ch; [N2]1[H2]3 = KC. [NH3]2. Vy NH3 tng th => [N2][H2]3 tng
=> vn tng ri.
5. Thm H2 tt nhin chuyn dch theo chiu chng li chiu thm ri => chuyn dch
chiu nghch.
6. Khi gim nhit vt gim => [NH3] gim => [N2]1[H2]3 gim => vn gim => sai.
C 3 pht biu ng 1, 4, 5.
(tm li tc thun tng th v n cng tng; tng t v thun gim th v nghch gim)
Bi 2:
1. Glucozo va fructozo l ng phn ca nhau ng
2. nhn bit dd glucozo va fructozo c th dng AgNO3/NH3 sai v fruc chuyn
ha thnh glu trong mi trng bazo
3. Trong amilozo ch c 1 loi lk glicozit ng; l lin kt -1,4 glicozit
4. Saccarozo c xem l 1 on mch ca tinh bt sai v sacarozo cu to t gc glucozo v -fructozo, cn tinh bt ch c -glucozo
5. Trong mi mc xich xenlulozo c 3 nhm OH ng
6. T visco thuc loi t ho hc ng ri (ha hc gm tng hp v nhn to m
visco thuc nhn to)
7. Qu trnh ln men ru c thc hin trong mi trng hiu kh thy ngh sai
v n c ln men trong mi trng k kh (ci ny thin v sinh hc hn.
8. Amilopectin c cu trc mng khng gian sai c cu trc mch phn nhnh
S nhn xt ng l bao nhiu (4 pht biu ng)
Cu 3: Thc hin cc phn ng sau:
1. Sc CO2 vo dung dch Na2SiO3. Kt ta H2SiO3
5. Cho NaHSO4 d vo dung dch Ba(HCO3)2. Kt ta BaSO4
2. Sc SO2 vo dung dch H2S. Kt ta S
6. Sc H2S vo dung dch AlCl3. Kt ta Al (OH)3
3. Cho dung dch HCl d vo dung dch NaAlO2. (k tao kt ta)

7. Cho HI vo dung dch FeCl3 to kt ta I2

4. Cho dung dch AlCl3 vo dung dch NaAlO2 kt ta Al(OH)3
S th nghim to thnh kt ta sau phn ng l bao nhiu 6 nh em
Cu 4: Cho cc polime sau: polieilen; poliacrilonitrin; t visco, nha novolac, xenluloz,
caosu lu ho, cao su buna-N, t nilon-6,6. S polime tng hp l bao nhiu
Hng dn
(tng hp l khng c trong sn polime trong t nhin, m hon ton phi tng hp t
cc monome); vy c Polietilen, poliacrylonitrin, nha novolac, caosu buna N, t nilon6,6). Vy c 5.
Ch : visco nhn to (bn tng hp), xenlu l t nhin, cn cao su lu ha cng xut
pht l polime thin nhin)
Cu 5: Cho cc cht sau: H2S, Fe, Cu, Al, Na2O, dd Ca(OH)2, dd AgNO3, dd FeCl3, dd
Br2, dd K2Cr2O7. S cht tc dng c vi dung dch Fe(NO3)2 l bao nhiu.
Hng dn
Cc cht phn ng dung dch Fe(NO3)2 l: Al; Na2O; Ca(OH)2; AgNO3; dd Br2; dung dch
K2Cr2O7. Vy c 6

Cu 6: Khi cng HBr vo buta-1,3-ien s sn phm cng ti a thu c la bao nhiu

Hng dn
Cng 1:1
CH3-CHBr-CH=CH2; CH2Br-CH2-CH=CH2; CH3-CH=CH-CH2Br (2ng phn hnh
hc) => 4 ng phn
Cng 1:2
Vi CH3CHBr-CH2-CH2Br; CH3CHBr-CHBr-CH3
CH2Br-CH2-CH2-CH2Br; CH3-CH2-CHBr-CH2Br;
Vy c 8 p
Cu 7: S ng phn ankaien lin hp, mch khng nhnh c cng thc phn t C6H10
l: ?
C=C-C=C-C-C (c 2 p hnh hc); C-C=C-C=C-C (cis-cis; cis-trans; trans-trans). Vy
thy ngh l 5 ng phn

Cu 8: Hp cht hu c n chc X c cng thc phn t C 8H8O2, X cha nhn thm.

S ng phn ca X l:
n chc c th l este; hoc l axit. CH3-C6H4COOH (3p)
C6H5-CH2-COOH; v HCOO-C6H4-CH3 (3p); v HCOO-CH2-C6H5
v CH3-COOC6H5 c (9p)
Cu 9: Sc V lt CO2 (ktc) vo 300ml dung dch hn hp NaOH 1M v Ba(OH) 2 1M, n phn ng
hon ton thu c dung dch X v m gam kt ta. Cho dung dch BaCl2 vo dung dch X thu c kt
ta. Trong cc gi tr sau ca V, gi tr no tho mn?
A. 20,16
B. 13,04.
C. 13,44.
D. 6,72.
V dung dch cha c CO32- nn c n CO32- > nBa2+ (=0,3 mol)
Nu CO2 phn ng ht OH- to CO32- => nCO2 = 0,45 = n CO32C mui HCO3- th CO2 = OH- - n CO32- = 0,9 nCO32- < 0,6 mol v CO32- > 0,3
Vy [10,08; 13,44) => chn B. (th nghim cng c em )
Cu 10: in phn dd hn hp cha a mol CuSO4 v b mol NaCl (vi in cc tr, mng ngn xp) n khi
kh thot ra catot l 2,24 lt (ktc) th ngng in phn. Dung dch to thnh ho tan ti a 4 gam MgO.
Mi lin h gia a v b l:
A. 2a = b
B. 2a + 0,2 = b
C. 2a = b + 0,2
D. 2a < b
Hng dn
Sau phn ng c H2SO4 = nMgO = 0,1 mol
V catot xut hin kh nn in phn n nc => in phn ht CuSO4.
CuCl2 ( 0,5b mol) CuSO4 (0,1 mol) => a = 0,5b + 0,1 =>2a = b + 0,2
Cu 11: Hn hp A gm 6 gam cht X c cng thc R-COOH v 0,1mol cht Y c cng thc HO-R-COOH,
trong R, R l gc hirocacbon no h. Cho hn hp A vo bnh kn B dung tch 5,6 lt khng i cha oxi
0oC v 2at. t chy ht X, Y v a v nhit ban u thy p sut vn 2at. Kh trong bnh qua dung dch
NaOH b hp th hon ton. % khi lng ca Y trong A l:
A. 75%.
B. 40%.
C. 50%.
D. 60%.
D thy nCO2 = nO2 = 0,5 mol
(v p sut khng i nn s mol kh trc bng , v hp th c hon ton vo NaOH nn khng
cn d O2)
C CT l CnH2n O2 (6g c x mol) v Cm H2mO3 (0,1 mol)
D thy n H2O = nCO2 = 0,5 mol.
Bo ton oxi c 2x + 0,3 + 0,5.2 = 0,5.2 + 0,5 => x = x = 0,1 mol
M X = 60 => CH3COOH
bo ton khi lng. C m Y + 6 = 0,5.62 0,5.32 => m Y = 9 gam
%m Y = 9: (6 +9).100% = 60%.
Cu 12: Cho m gam hn hp Fe v Cu c t l s mol l 1:1 tc dng vi lng va 1,8 lt dung dch HNO 3
1M. Khi phn ng kt thc thu c dung dch A (khng cha mui amoni) v 13,44 lt hn hp kh NO v
4
m gam cht rn. Gi tr ca m l:
NO2 (ktc) v
15

A. 60.

B. 48.

C. 35,2.

D. 72.

t nFe= nCu = x mol => m Fe chim = 56x : 120:x = 0,4667m gam

Khi lng kim loi phn ng: m 0,2667m = 0,733m > 0,4667m => c Cu phn ng
C nFe (NO3)2 = 0,4667m : 56 v n Cu(NO3)2 = 0,2667m : 64
C phng trnh bo ton N:
2.0,4667m : 56 + 2.0,2667m:64 + 0,6 = 1,8 => m = 48 gam
Cu 13: Cho hn hp cha x mol Mg v 0,2 mol Fe vo 200 ml dung dch hn hp Fe 2(SO4)3 1M v CuSO4 1M,
n phn ng hon ton thu c dung dch A v 18,4 gam cht rn. Gi tr ca x l:
A. 0,3.
B. 0,2.
C. 0,1.
D. 0,4.
D thy mCu = 0,2.64 = 12,8 < 18,4 => mFe d = 18,4 12,8 = 5,6 gam
=> Fe phn ng c 0,1 mol => Fe3+ => Fe2+ v Cu2+ => Cu ( chuyn ha ht)
Bo ton e c: 2x + 0,1.2 = 0,2.2.1 + 0,2.1 => x = 0,2 mol
(ln sau em gi t mt thi nh, v hi nh vy qu nhiu, thy ch c th tranh th gip cc em vo
bui tra, hoc bui ti thi, thi gian ny thy bn luyn thi i hc cho cc bn nn khng th gip
cc em vi lng bi ln nh vy c, nhiu khi gii ra, nhng ngi khon nh my lm). Trn y
l ton b gi ca thy em c th tham kho! Thn i
Cu 1:Hn hp X gm Mg v Fe ho tan va ht trong dng dch H 2SO4 4,9% thi thu c dung dch cha 2
mui trong nng % ca FeSO4 =3%.Nng % ca MgSO4=?
A.3,25%
B.4,41%
C.3,54%
D.4.65%
Gii
Chn 100 gam dung dch H2SO4 => n H2SO4 = 0,05 mol => n H2 = 0,05 mol
m dung dch sau = 100 + 24x + 56y 0,1 = 99,9 + 24x + 56y
c x + y =0,05 mol.
152y = 0,03.( 24x + 56y + 99,9)
Gii h x = 0,03 mol ; y = 0,02 mol
=> %m ddMgSO4 = 0,03.120 : (99,9 + 24.0,03 + 56.0,02).100% = 3,54%.
Cu 2:Hn hp X gm etyl axetat ,vinyl axetat ,glixerol triaxetat v metyl fomat.Thu phn hon ton 20 gam
X cn dng 200ml dung dch NaOH 1,5M.Mt khc t chy hon ton 20 gam X thu c V lt CO 2 v 12,6
gam H2O.
A.16,8l
B.17,92l
C.22,4l
D.14,56l
Gii
12n CO2 + 2n H2O + 16n O =20 (bo ton nguyn t)
M n O = 2n (-COOH) = 2n NaOH = 2.0,3 mol => n CO2 = (20 -0,6.16 0,7.2) : 12 = 0,75 mol
V = 16,8 lit
Cu3:Cho V lt CO2 kc hp th ht trong dung dch cha 0,2 mol Ba(OH) 2 v 0,1 mol NaOH.SAu p hon
ton thi c kt ta v dug dch cha 21,35 gam mui.V=?
A.7,84l
B.8,96l
C.6,72l
D.8,4l
Gii
t n HCO3- = x mol; nCO32- = y mol. (nu x < 0,2 mol)

62.(x + y) + 0,2.171 + 0,1.40 = 197x + 21,35 + 0,5.18

V 2x + y = 0,5 (bo ton in tch)
C x= 0,15 < 0,2 tha mn y =0,2 v => n CO2 = 0,35 mol => V =7,84 lit
(em c th th nghim vi bi ton trn, thy ngh bi ton ny nu khng t duy c tt th s kh
phc tp y)
Cu 4:Nung m gam Cu(NO3)2 nhit cao thu c 0,5m gam cht rn Xv hn hp kh Y .Hp th ht hn
hp kh Y bng H2O thu c 2 lt dung dch c pH=1.m=?
A.28,2g
B.21,6g
C.16,2g
D.10,8g
Gii
C nHNO3 = 0,2 mol. = n NO2 => nO2 = 0,2 : 4 = 0,05 mol
mNO2 + mO2 = (m 0,5m) = 0,2.46 + 0,05.32 = 10,8 gam => m = 21,6 gam
Cu 33: Cho cc dung dch sau: NH4Cl, NaClO, Na2CO3, Ca(HCO3)2, NaHSO4, Fe(NO3)3, K2HPO4;
NaH2PO4, KNO3, C6H5ONa, CH3COONa, nc ct ngoi khng kh, nc ma cc thnh ph
cng nghip. S dung dch c pH < 7, pH = 7 v pH > 7 ln lt l
A. 6, 1 v 6.
B. 6, 2 v 5.
C. 7, 1 v 5.
D. 5, 2 v 6.

Hng dn
Cc cht c pH < 7 l: NH4Cl; NaH2PO4, NaHSO4; Fe(NO3)3, nc ct ngoi khng kh; nc ma

cc thnh ph cng nghip c 6 dung dch

Cc cht c pH > 7: NaClO, Na2CO3, Ca(HCO3)2; K2HPO4; C6H5ONa; CH3COONa c 6 cht.
V KNO3 l trung tnh pH =7 c 1 cht

Cu 45: Cho cc pht biu sau

(1). Bn cht lin kt ion l s gp chung electron gia cc nguyn t c trng thi bn nh kh him => sai
em nh
(2). Mun bit in ha tr ca mt nguyn t, ta c th nhn vo k hiu ca ion tng ng
(3). Bit rng ion nhm c k hiu Al3+ vy nguyn t nhm c in ha tr bng +3 => sai l 3+
(4). Hp cht ion l mt hn hp ca cc ion n nguyn t => sai ion a nguyn t cng c (NaNO3 )
(5). V phng din cng ha tr, mt nguyn t c th gp chung vi mt nguyn t khc nhiu electron
(6). Nguyn t Nit (N) c 5 electron lp ngoi cng v c th gp chung 3 electron vi cc nguyn t khc
(7). Lin kt cho nhn l mt trng hp c bit ca lin kt cng ha tr
(8). Lin kt cho nhn l mt gii hn ca lin kt ion v lin kt cng ha tr => Sai em nh
(9). Lin kt cng ha tr c cc l dng chuyn tip gia lin tip cng ha tr khng cc v lin kt ion

S pht biu ng l:
A. 7
B. 6
C. 8
D. 5
Cu 46: C cc th nghim sau:

- TN1: Cho hi nc i qua ng ng bt st nung nng.

- TN2: Cho inh st nguyn cht vo dung dch H 2SO4 long c nh thm vi git dung dch

CuSO4. => c
- TN3: thanh thp trong khng kh m => c v thp l hp cht C v Fe v tha mn iu kin n
mn in ha
- TN4: Nhng l km nguyn cht vo dung dch CuSO4 => c
- TN5: Thanh Fe c qun dy Cu v ngoi khng kh m => c
- TN6: Hp kim Ag-Cu nhng vo dung dch HCl. => C
- TN7: Hp kim Zn-Cu nhng vo dung dch NaOH

 th nghim 7: th Zn- Cu (Zn nhng e chuyn sang Cu th y khng c ion no nhn e c, mt khc Zn

s b tan ht trong NaOH, nn khng hnh thnh n mn in ha.)

- TN8: St m thic nhng vo dung dch HCl. => c

S trng hp xy ra n mn in ho hc l
A. 6.
B. 3.
C. 4.

D. 5.

(thy ch gip Tng ln cui ny thi, v nhng cu hi ca Tng hi qu so vi chng trnh thi

i hc, nhng kin thc ny em c th tham kho sch nng cao, thy ch gip nhng cu hi
no mang tnh cht thi i hc). c nhiu cu hi thy c cm gic l th kin thc ca thy, nu
em mun th th em bit kt qu ri nh, thy ngh s khng nhiu ngi tr li nhng cu hi ca
em, v kinh nghim luyn thi th thy bit y l nhng kin thc tm hiu su thm thi, em khng
nn i qu xa vi kin thc thi i hc.cn nu tht s mun thy gip, thy s gip em.
Thy gip em my cu ha vi !
Cu 1: Nung m gam hn hp X gm FeS v FeS2 trong mt bnh kn cha khng kh (gm 20% th
tch O2 v 80% th tch N2) n khi phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu c cht rn v hn hp kh Y c
thnh phn th tch N2=84,77%; SO2=10,6% cn li l O2. Thnh phn % theo khi lng ca FeS
trong X l:
A. 68,75%
B. 59,46%
C.26,83%
D. 42,3%

HNG DN
Chn hn hp Y l 100 mol th c 84,77 mol N2 ; 10,6 mol SO2 ; 4,63 mol O2.
C : nO2 ban u = nN2 : 4 = 21,1925 mol => nO2p/ = 16,5625 mol
t nFeS = xmol ; nFeS2 = y mol => x+ 2y = 10,6 (bo ton S)
V 7x + 11y = 4.16,5625 = 66,25 (bo ton e)
Gii c x = 5,3 mol ; y = 2,65 mol => %m FeS = 5,3.88 : (5,3.88 + 2,65.120).100% = 59,46%

Cu 2: Dng mt lng dung dch H2SO4 nng 20% un nng ha tan va a mol CuO. Sau
phn ng lm ngui dung dch n 1000C th khi lng tinh th CuSO4.5H2O tch ra khi dung
dch l 30,7 gam. Bit rng tan ca dung dch CuSO4 1000C l 17,4 gam.Gi tr ca a l:
A. 0,1
B. 0,15
C. 0,2
D. 0,25

HNG DN
Em nh Ct tnh tan nh sau: mct : mdd = S: (S + 100) . S l tan
mdung dch H2SO4 = a.98: 0,2 = 490a => mdd sau p/ = 490a + 80a = 570a; v mCuSO4 =160a
mCuSO4 cn trong dung dch = 160a 30,7:250.160 = 160a + 19,648
v m dd cn li = 570a -30,7
p dng ct: (160a 19,648) : (570a 30,7) = 17,4 : (100 + 17,4) => a = 0,2 mol

Cu 3: Cho 13,62 gam trinitrotoluen (TNT) vo mt bnh dng bng thp c dung tch khng i
500ml (khng c khng kh) ri gy g. Sau phn ng nhit bnh l 18000C, p sut trong bnh l P
atm, bit rng sn phm kh trong bnh n l hn hp CO, N2, H2. P c gi tr l:
A. 224,38
B. 203,98
C. 152,98
D. 81,6

HNG DN
Cng thc phn t ca TNT l C6H2CH3N3O6 vit gn l C7H5N3O6 (0,06 mol)
Sn phm kh trong bnh c CO (0,06.6 = 0,36 mol) ( y khng nn bo ton C v 1 lng C

th rn). H2 (0,06.5 : 2 = 0,15 mol); N2 (0,06.3 : 2 = 0,09 mol)

Vy P = nRT : V = (0,36 + 0,15 + 0,09).0,082.(1800 + 273) : 0,5 = 203,98 atm

Vn sai y cc em d mc phi l i bo ton lun C m khng n C nm cht rn.


Cu 4: Cho183 gam mt loi cao su buna-S phn ng va ht vi dung dch cha 0,5 mol Br2 trong

CCl4. T l kt hp ca butadien v stiren trong cao su buna-S l:

A.3:5
B 1:2
C 2:3
D 1:3
HNG DN
C n buta = 0,5 mol => m buta = 0,5.54 = 27 gam => n Stiren = (183 27):104 = 1,5 mol
nbuta : nStiren = 0,5 : 1,5 = 1 : 3

Nh thy c gii chi tit gim em.

Cu 1: Cho Xenluloz phn ng vi anhirit axetic (H 2SO4 l xc tc) thu c 11,10 gam hn hp X gm
xenluloz triaxetat v xenluloz iaxetat v 6,60 gam axit axetic . Thnh phn phn % theo khi lng ca
xenluloz triaxetat v xenluloz iaxetat trong X ln lt l
A. 77,84%; 22,16%.
B. 70,00%; 30,00%.
C. 76,84%; 23,16%.
D. 77,00%; 23,00%.
HNG DN
n gin ha vn thy s gii bi ton cho 1 mt xch
C6H7O2(OH)3 + (CH3CO)2O => C6H7O2(OOC-CH3)(OH)2 + CH3COOH
D nhn thy nCH3COOH = nCH3COO- c trong gc xenlulozo.
C6H7O2(OOC-CH3)3 (x mol); C6H7O2(OOC-CH3)2OH ( y mol)
288x + 246y = 11,1; 3x + 2y = 0,11 mol; x = 0,03 mol; y = 0,01 mol.
=> %mxenlulozo triaxetat = 0,03.288 : 11,1.100% = 77,84%
Cu 2: Cho 50 lt( ktc) amoniac li qua 2 lt dung dch axit axetic nng 50%(d = 1,06g/ml). Bit cc
phn ng xy ra hon ton. Tng nng phn trm ca axit axetic v ca mui amoni axetat trong dung dch
thu c l
A. 56,0%.
B. 46,6%.
C. 34,0%.
D. 50,9%.
HNG DN
C nCH3COOH = 2000.1,06.0,5 : 60 = 17,667 mol
nNH3 = 2,232 mol => nCH3COONH4 = 2,232 mol v nCH3COOH = 15,435 mol
C% tng = (15,435.60 + 2,232.77) : (2120 + 2,232.17).100% = 50,9%
(bi ny kh n gin m em, tnh ton bnh thng thi)
Cu 3: Khi clo ho PVC thu c mt loi t clorin cha 66,77% clo. S mt xch trung bnh tc dng vi
mt phn t clo l
A. 3.
B. 2,5.
C. 2.
D. 1,5.
HNG DN
C2nH3nCln + Cl2 => C2nH3n 1Cln+1 + HCl
Trong C2nH3n 1Cln+1 c 35,5(n + 1) : (62,5n + 34,5) = 0,6677 => n = 2
Cu 4: Cho 22,72 gam hn hp gm Fe, FeO, Fe2O3 v Fe3O4 phn ng ht vi dung dch HNO 3 long d thu
c V lt kh NO(duy nht ktc) v dung dch X. C cn dung dch X thu c 77,44 gam mui khan. Gi
tr ca V l
A. 2,24.
B. 4,48.
C. 2,688.
D. 5,6.

HNG DN
C nFe(NO3)3 = 77,44 : 242 = 0,32 mol => nO =(22,72 0,32.56) : 16 = 0,3 mol
C nNO = (3nFe 2nO): 3 = 0,12 mol => V = 2,688 lit
Cu 5: Cho 22,72 gam hn hp gm Fe, FeO, Fe2O3 v Fe3O4 phn ng ht vi dung dch HNO 3 long d thu
c V lt kh NO(duy nht ktc) v dung dch X. C cn dung dch X thu c 77,44 gam mui khan. Gi
tr ca V l
A. 2,24.
B. 4,48.
C. 2,688.
D. 5,6.
(thy gii pha trn ri em)
Cu 6: Cho vo mt bnh kn dung tch khng i 2 mol Cl 2 v 1 mol H2 th p sut ca bnh l 1,5 atm. Nung
nng bnh cho phn ng xy ra vi hiu sut t trn 90%. a bnh v nhit ban u th p sut ca bnh l
A. 1,35 atm.
B. 1,75 atm.
C. 2 atm.
D. 1,5 atm.

HNG DN
H2 + Cl2 => 2HCl
R rng ta thy n kh = 0 => p sut khng h thay i p = 1,5 atm
Cu 7: Ch s iot ca triolein l
A. 28,73.
B. 862,00.

C. 86,20.

D. 287,30.

HNG DN
Ch s iot l s gam iot + vo ni i ca 100gam cht bo. ( C3H5(OOC-C17H33)3)
Chn mtriolein = 100 gam => ntriolein = 100 : 884 = 0,11312 mol
mI2 = 3.0,11312.127.2 = 86,2 gam
Cu 8: Hn hp X gm vinylaxetilen v hiro c t khi hi so vi H2 l 16. un nng hn hp X mt
thi gian thu c 1,792 lt hn hp kh Y ( ktc). Hn hp kh Y phn ng va vi dung dch cha
25,6 gam Br2. Th tch khng kh (cha 20% O2 v 80% N2 v th tch, ktc) cn dng t chy hon
ton hn hp Y l
A. 35,840. B. 38,080.
C. 7,616.
D. 7,168.
HNG DN
T t khi d thy nC4H4 = 3x th nH2 = 2x => nH2 p/ = 5x 0,08
Li c: nH2 p/ + nBr2p/ = 3nC4H4 => 5x 0,08 + 0,16 = 3.3x => x = 0,02 mol
Vy coi t chy Y l t chy X vi C4H4 (0,06 mol); H2 (0,04 mol)
C nCO2 = 0,06.4 = 0,24 mol; nH2O = 0,06.2 + 0,04 = 0,16 mol
Vy bo ton oxi c: nO2 = (0,24.2 + 0,16) : 2 = 0,32 mol
V = 0,32.5.22,4 = 35,84 lit
(bi ton mc t duy kh cao)
Cu hoi khc: vit gim em ptpu sau:

+ Na2S + H2S -> NaHS

, ete
HCl
CO
+ C2H5Br Mg
A 2B C .
C2H5Br + Mg => C2H5-MgBr; C2H5MgBr + CO2 => C2H5COO-Mg-Br + HCl => C2H5COOH (C) + BrMgCl
HP CHT C Magie em phi tm hiu quyn sch ha hc hu c tp 1, thy khng hiu sao ngi ta li
cho thi cu ny khi B nm va ri.
Cu 1: Cho 33,35 gam hn hp A gm Fe 3O4, Fe(NO3)3, Cu tc dng hon ton vi dung dch cha 0,414 mol H 2SO4
(long) th thu c kh NO duy nht v dung dch B ch cha 2 mui. C cn B thu c bao nhiu gam mui khan?
A. 64,400 hoc 61,520
B. 65,976 hoc 61,520
C. 73,122 hoc 64,400
D. 65,976 hoc 75,922

HNG DN
(thy Ton gii 1 ln ri, nhng em nh thi ti gip theo hng gii ca ti)
Ch c 2TH xy ra l 2 mui sunfat (v c ion SO42- trong dung dch nn khng th c mui nitrat c)
Fe3O4 ( x mol); Fe(NO3)3 (y mol); Cu (z mol) => nNO = 3y mol
232x + 242y + 64z = 33,35;
TH1: 2 mui FeSO4 v CuSO4
2z 2x y = 9y (bo ton e, tt c lng Fe chuyn v Fe2+) (2)
V 2nFe + 2nCu = 2nSO42- (bo ton in tch) => 2.(3x + y) + 2z = 0,828 (3)
x = 0,069; y = 0,023; z = 0,184
m = 56.(0,069.3 + 0,023) + 0,184.64 + 0,414.96 = 64,4 gam
TH2: nu 2 mui l Fe2(SO4)3 v CuSO4.
Ch thay i 2 phng trnh tip theo: bo ton e:
x + 2z = 9y.
V 3(3x + y ) + 2z = 0,828 (bo ton in tch)
=> x = 0,021 mol; y = 0,055 mol; z = 0,237 mol
m = 56(0,021.3 + 0,055) + 64.0,237 + 0,414.96 = 61,52 gam
Cu 2: Ly 5,2 gam hn hp FeS2 v Cu2S tc dng hon ton vi dung dch HNO3 th thu c dung dch ch cha 2
mui v 12,208 lt hn hp NO2 v SO2 (ktc). Xc nh % v khi lng ca FeS2 trong hn hp ban u
A. 71,53% hoc 81,39% B. 93,23% hoc 71,53% C. 69,23% hoc 81,39% D. 69,23% hoc 93,23%

HNG DN
C nFeS2 = x mol; nCu2S = y mol; 120x + 160y = 5,2 (1)
TH1: C Fe2(SO4)3 v CuSO4
p dng bo ton in tch c: 3nFe + 2nCu = 2nSO42- => nSO42- = (3x + 4y) : 2
nSO2 = 2x + y (3x + 4y): 2 = 0,5x y
nNO2 = 3x +6.(1,5x + 2y) + 4y + 4 (0,5x y) = 14x + 12y
Vy 14,5x + 11y = 0,545 => x = 0,03 mol ; y = 0,01 mol
%mFeS2 = 0,03.120 :5,2.100% = 69,23%
TH2 : C Fe(NO3)3 v Cu(NO3)2
n SO2 = 2x+ y (bo ton S, ton b lng S trong FeS2v Cu2S chuyn ha sang SO2)
Bo ton e c: 11x + 8y = nNO2
C : 11x + 8y + 2x + y = 0,545 kt hp (1) => x = 0,0404 mol
=> %mFeS2 = 0,0404.120 : 5,2.100% = 93,23%.

Cu 3: Cho 6,69g hn hp dng bt gm Al, Fe vo 100ml dd CuSO4 0,75M khuy k hn hp p xy ra

hon ton thu c cht rng A. Ha tan hon ton A bng dd HNO3 1M thu c kh NO l sp kh duy nht.
Th tch dd HNO3 t nht cn dung l
A:0,6
B. 0,5
C.0,4
D. 0,3
HNG DN
Gi s ch c Fe . d thy nFe = 0,1195 mol => n e nhng = 2.0,1195 =0,239 > 2n Cu2+ = 0,15 mol
Cu2+ ht v cn d kim loi
Vy thay v ha tan A ta i ha tan 6,69 gam Al; Fe vo trc tip HNO3.
Gi s ch c Fe th nFe =0,1195 => ne nhng min = 2n Fe = 0,239 mol => n NO = 0,0797 mol
nHNO3 = 4.0,0797 = 0,3188 mol
V hn hp c c Al nn lng nHNO3 > 0,3188 mol. V bi ton yu cu t nht, nn ta chn
n HNO3 = 0,4 mol
Nguyn hu ln 2
Cu 14: Cho cc phn ng:
(1). O3 + dung dch KI
(7). H2S + dung dch Cl2
o

(6). F2 + H2O t
(3). KClO3 + HCl c

t
(4). NH4HCO
(9). NH4Cl + NaNO
3
2
(10). Cu2S + Cu2O S trng hp to ra n cht l:
A. 5.
B. 6.
C. 7.

Hng dn
(1) To O2; I2
(2) Cl2
(3) To Cl2
(10)To Cu

to
to

(2). MnO2 + HCl c

(8). HF + SiO2

to

(5). NH3(kh) + CuO

to

D. 8.

(5) to Cu; N2
(6) to O2
(9) N2.

Cu 19: Pht biu no di y khng ng?

A. Cht bo nh hn nc v khng tan trong nc
B. M ng vt ch yu cu thnh t gc axit bo, no, tn ti trng thi rn
C. Hiro ho du thc vt lng s to thnh cc m ng vt rn => sai v chuyn sang th rn nhng
l b
D. Nhc im ca cht git ra tng hp l gy nhim cho mi trng
Cu 20: Cho cc cht sau: FeBr3, FeCl2, Fe3O4, AlBr3, MgI2, KBr, NaCl, CaF2, CaC2. Axit H2SO4 c nng
c th oxi ha bao nhiu cht?
A. 3
B. 6
C. 5
D. 7
Ch : I-, Br- c tnh kh mnh nn d b oxi ha bi H2SO4 c nng, ngoi ra CaC2 thy phn thnh
C2H2, cht ny b oxi ha bi H2SO4 c
Cu 21: Cho ankan X tc dng vi clo (as) thu c 26,5 gam hn hp cc dn xut clo (mono v iclo). Kh
HCl bay ra c hp th hon ton bng nc sau trung ha bng dd NaOH thy tn ht 500 ml dd NaOH
1M. Xc nh CT ca X?
A. C2H6
B. C4H10
C. C3H8
D. CH4

Hng dn
Nu ch c mono th nRCl = nNaOH = 0,5 mol => MRCl = 26,5 : 0,5 = 53 => Mankan = 53 34,5 = 18,5
Nu ch c i mono clo th 2nRCl2 = nNaOH = 0,5 mol => MRCl2 = 26,5 : 0,25 = 106
Mankan = 106 (2.35,5 2) = 37
Nhng c c 2 nn 17 < Mankan < 37 => M = 30 => C2H6
Cu 23: Khi iu ch Na trong cng nghip ngi ta dng hn hp gm 2 phn NaCl v 3 phn CaCl2 v khi
lng vi mc ch:
A. To ra nhiu cht in ly hn B. Tng nng ion ClC. Gim nhit nng chy
D. To ra hn hp c khi lng ring nh ni ln trn Na nng chy
(CaCl2 mc ch trn vo gim nhit nng chy, tit kim nng lng, trong cng nghip mc
tiu tit kim nng lng lun l hng u, v c nguyn liu na hn ch chi ph)
Cu 33: Gi thit trong tinh th cc nguyn t st l nhng hnh cu chim 74% th tch tinh th, phn cn li
l cc khe rng gia cc qu cu, cho nguyn t khi ca Fe l 55,85 20 0C khi lng ring ca Fe l
7,87g/cm3. Bn knh nguyn t gn ng ca Fe l:
A. 1,28 A0.
B. 1,41A0.
C. 1,67 A0.
D. 1,97 A0.

HNG DN
Em c th p dng cng thc sau: 4/3R3 = A.a% : (D. 6,02.1023). R l bn knh nguyn t;
A l khi lng nguyn t; D l khi lng ring; a% l th tch ca cc nguyn t chim trong mng tinh th.

=> R =

= 1,28.10-8 cm = 1,28 Ao

Cu 49: Ha tan m gam hh X gm CuCl 2 v FeCl3 trong nc c dung dch Y. Chia Y thnh 2 phn bng
nhau. Phn 1 : cho kh H2S d vo c 1,28g kt ta. Phn 2 : cho Na2S d vo c 3,04g kt ta. Gi tr
ca m l :
A. 14,6 g
B. 8,4 g
C. 10,2 g
D. 9,2 g
HNG DN
Khi cho CuCl2 (x mol); FeCl3 ( y mol) + H2S th
CuCl2 + H2S => CuS + HCl; FeCl3 + H2S => FeCl2 + S + HCl
Vy 96x + 0,5y.32 = 1,28 gam (kt ta gm CuS, S)
Khi cho Na2S vo dung dch th xut hin thm kt ta FeS
nFeS = (3,04 1,28) : 88 =0,02 mol => x = 0,01 mol
Vy m = 9,2 gam (nh nhn 2 em nh)
Cu 47: X c cng thc C4H14O3N2. Khi cho X tc dng vi dung dch NaOH th thu c hn hp Y gm 2
kh iu kin thng v u c kh nng lm xanh qu tm m. S CTCT ph hp ca X l:
A. 5
B. 3
C. 4
D. 2

HNG DN
X l mui ca amin vi CO2.
( NH4)CO3(C3H10N) + NaOH => c kh NH3 v 1 kh ca amin C3H9N. nhng trong amin m c 3C no, n
chc th ch c (CH3)3N (trimetyl amin) l cht kh iu kin thng. Cn li th th lng.
Tng t c (CH3NH3)CO3(C2H8N) + NaOH => CH3NH2 + C2H7N
C 2 amin l cht kh iu kin thng l C2H5NH2 (etyl amin) v (CH3)2NH (imetyl amin)
Vy c 3CTCT ca X tha mn.

Cu 1: ho tan hon ton 19,225 gam hn hp X gm Mg, Zn cn dng va 800 ml dung dch HNO 3
1,5M. Sau khi phn ng kt thc thu c dung dch Y v 2,24 lt (ktc) hn hp kh A gm N 2, N2O, NO,
NO2 ( trong s mol ca N2O v NO2 bng nhau) c t khi i vi H2 l 14,5. Phn trm v khi lng ca
Mg trong X l
A. 90,58
B. 62,55
C. 9,42
D. 37,45
HNG DN (em c th th nghim s nhanh v hay hn y, nhng thi thy gip em v bn cht, nu
khng nhm c ln c ngi tr li ri th phi)
24x + 65y = 19,225
Do nN2O = nNO2 => gp li c N3O3 ging 3NO => cho hn hp thnh NO v N2.
D dng tnh ra trong X c nNO = 0,05 = nN2; v nNH4NO3 = z mol
Cho HNO3 bo ton N: 1,2 = 2x + 2y + 2z + 0,05 + 0,05.2
V bo ton e: 2x + 2y = 13.0,05 + 8z
Gii h x = 0,3 mol => %m Mg = 37,45%.
Cu 2: Cho 0,5 mol hn hp A gm: HCHO, HCOOH, CH2=CH-CHO tc dng va vi dung dch cha
0,7 mol Br2. Nu cho 67,2 gam hn hp A tc dng vi Na d th thu c 10,08 lt H 2 (ktc). Phn trm s
mol ca CH2=CH-CHO trong A l
A. 40%
B. 20%
C. 30%
D. 10%
HNG DN
HCHO (x mol); HCOOH (y mol); CH2=CH-CHO (z mol)
(HCHO + 2Br2 + H2O=> CO2 + 4HBr ; HCOOH + Br2 => CO2 + 2HBr ;
CH2=CH-CHO + 2Br2 + H2O => CH2Br-CHBr-COOH + 2HBr
tht ra vi bi ny nu thuc lng v tnh cht ha hc thy ngh; chng ta ch mt thi gian 1 cht cho
phng trnh cui, nhng thy vit ra phng trnh cho nhng bn cha hiu c th c kin thc su
hn v ln sau gp li tha h m d on v bm my, th ny nh:
Br2+ H2O => HBr + HBrO; BrO- c tnh oxi ha mnh oxh c CHO thnh COOH; vy HCHO th
sao? HCHO (BrO-) => HCOOH + (BrO-) => H2CO3 => l kt qu cui cng ca phn ng (1))
x + y + z = 0,5;
2x + y + 2z = 0,7;
(khng chia t l bng nhau; t theo t l k) 30kx + 46ky + 56kz = 67,2 (3) ; ky = 0,9 (4).
Ti y th ly (3) : (4) (ton hc th cc em chc chn gii hn thy ri)
x= 0,1 mol; y = 0,3 mol; z = 0,1 mol
%n anehit acrylic = 20%

Cu 3: Hn hp X gm mt anehit no n chc mch h v mt anehit khng no n chc mch h ( trong

phn t cha mt lin kt i C=C). Khi cho X qua dung dch brom d n phn ng hon ton thy c 24
gam Br2 phn ng. t chy hon ton X th thu c 7,7 gam CO 2 v 2,25 gam H2O. Nu cho hn hp X tc
dng vi dung dch AgNO3 d trong NH3 n phn ng hon ton thu c m gam cht rn. Gi tr ca m l
A. 16,2
B. 27
C. 32,4
D. 21,6

HNG DN
D c nanehit k no B = 0,175 0,125 = 0,05 mol.
TH1: Nu X c HCHO (a mol) => 2 a + 2.0,05 = 0,15 => a = 0,025
C trong B = (0,175 0,025) : 0,05 = 3 (tha mn)
m Ag = (0,025.4 + 0,05.2 ).108 = 21,6 gam
(TH cn li em t hon thnh nt nh)
Cu 4: in phn (vi in cc tr) 500ml dung dch CuSO4 nng x(M), sau mt thi gian thu c dung
dch Y c khi lng gim 4 gam so vi khi lng dung dch ban u. Cho 36,4 gam bt st vo dung dch Y
n khi phn ng hon ton, thu c 38,2 gam kim loi. Gi tr ca x l
A.1,25
B.1,40 C.0,55
D.1,65
HNG DN
D dng c n H2SO4 = 4 : (64 + 16 ) = 0,05 mol; dung dch Y c CuSO4 (a mol ) v H2SO4 0,05 mol
D thy nFe p/ = (0,05 + a)
Sau phn ng c mFe d + mCu = 36,4 (0,05 + a).56 + 64a = 38,2 => a = 0,575 mol
nCuSO4 b = 0,575 + 0,05 = 0,625 mol => x = 1,25
Cu 1: t chy hon ton mt lng hn hp M gm ancol X, axit cacboxylic Y v este Z (u no, n
chc, mch h v Y, Z c cng s nguyn t cacbon) cn dng va 12,32 lt O2 (ktc), sinh ra 11,2 lt CO2
(dktc). Cng thc ca Y l
A HCOOH B CH3CH2COOH C CH3CH2CH2COOH D CH3COOH
TR LI
Gi s hn hp M ch c Y v Z (CnH2nO2) (x mol)
D thy n CO2 = n H2O = 0,5 mol => x = (0,5.3 1,1): 2 = 0,2 mol;
v c X nn c C Y , Z < 0,5 : 0,2 = 2,5
m este th c t 2C tr ln => C =2 => CH3COOH
Cu 2 : Oxi ha m gam ancol n chc X, thu c hn hp sn phm M gm anhit Y, axit cacboxylic Z,
nc v ancol d. t chy hon ton lng M trn thu c 12,88 lt CO2 (ktc) v 20,7 gam H2O. Cng
thc X v gi tr ca m ln lt l
A CH2=CHCH2OH v 8,7gam B CH3CH2OH v 26,45 gam C CH3OH v 18,4 gam
D CH3CH2CH2OH v 16,5 gam
TR LI
D dng thy lng C, v H trong X v M l nh nhau (bo ton nguyn t). vy t M th ta em t X, c
nCO2 = 0,575 mol; nH2O = 1,15 mol => C = 0,575 : ( 1,15 0,575) = 1
m X = (1,15 0,575).32 = 18,4 gam
(vi nhng dng ton ny hy ginh 5 n 10s suy ngh em thy n n gin hn rt nhiu)
Thy c v cc bn c p n thi th ca i hoc vinh ln 3 nm 2012, p n thi th ca chuyn phan
bi chu ngh an ln 2, cho em xin.

Em cm n a!
Cu 1: Nung bt Al vi bt S trong bnh kn (khng c khng kh) thu c hn hp cht rn X. Cho hn hp X vo dung dch
HCl d, sau phn ng hon ton thu c hn hp kh Y v mt phn cht rn khng tan. Khng nh khng ng l
A. Hn hp X c kh nng tan ht trong dung dch HNO3 c, nng, d.
B. Trong hn hp X c 3 cht ha hc.
C. Cho hn hp X vo H2O c kh thot ra.
D. Hn hp X c kh nng tan ht trong dung dch NaOH long, d.
HNG DN
Al + S => Al2S3 v S, Al d => X gm 3 cht ha hc
Tt nhin A tan ht trong HNO3 c nng , d.
Al2S3 + H2O => Al(OH)3 + H2S
Al2S3, Al tan c trong NaOH nhng S th khng tan c
Cu 2: Cho 0,5 mol Mg v 0,2 mol Mg(NO3)2 vo bnh kn khng c oxi ri nung nhit cao n phn ng hon ton thu
c hn hp cht rn X. Hn hp cht rn X tc dng vi nhiu nht 500 ml dung dch Fe(NO3)3 c nng aM. Gi tr ca a
l
A. 2.
B. 0,667.
C. 0,4.
D. 1,2.
HNG DN
D c khi nung Mg(NO3)2 th c n O2 = n O2 : 4 = 0,2.2 : 4 = 0,1 mol; v MgO = 0,2 mol
Sau O2 (0,1 mol) phn ng Mg (0,5 mol) => n Mg p/ = 0,1.4 : 2 = 0,2 mol

D 0,3 mol Mg. X tc dng vi nhiu nht Fe(NO3)3 aM. Th Fe3+ => Fe2+

0,5.a = 0,3.2 => a = 1,2 M.

Cu 3: C cc mu cht rn ring bit: Ba, Mg, Fe, Al, ZnO, MgO, Al 2O3, CuO, Ag, Zn. Ch dng thm dung dch H2SO4
long c th nhn ra nhiu nht bao nhiu cht trong s cc cht trn ?
A. 6 cht.
B. 7 cht.
C. 8 cht.
D. 10 cht

HNG DN
Dng lng t dung dch H2SO4 (nh lm sao cho vn d kim loi nh)
C kh v kt ta => Ba; sau phn ng ly dung dch thu c l Ba(OH)2
C kh: Al, Zn, Mg, Fe (tt c c dng ion, to Al3+; Zn2+; Mg2+; Fe2+) (2)
Tan trong axit: ZnO, MgO; Al2O3; CuO (tan trong axit to ion tng ng, Zn2+; Al3+; Mg2+; Cu2+) (3)
Cn li khng tan l Ag
- Dng Ba(OH)2 nhn bit nhm (2)
Kt ta trng khng tan Ba(OH)2 d => Mg; kt ta trng xanh l (Fe(OH)2 => Fe2+ => Fe;
kt ta trng tan trong Ba(OH)2 d l Al; Zn (4)
- Dng Ba(OH)2 nhn bit nhm (3)
kt ta xanh l Cu(OH)2 => Cu2+ => Cu; kt ta trng k tan trong Ba(OH)2 d l Mg(OH)2 => Mg2+ => Mg;
kt ta trng tan trong Ba(OH)2 d l Zn2+ hoc Al3+ (5)
- nhn bit (4) hay (5) ly ngu nhin 1 trong 2 kim loi cha nhn bit c hoc l Al hoc l Zn; cho vo
dung dch cha Zn2+; Al3+ trn. Nu c kt ta xut hin th => kim loi ly l Al; v ion trong dung dch l
Zn2+.
Vy nhn bit c c 10 cht.
Cu 4: Cho s phn ng sau :
Ca (OH) 2 Cl 2 X Y CO 2 Mg Z
X, Y, Z ln lt l
A. CaCl2, CaCO3, MgCO3.
C. CaOCl2, CaCO3, C.

B. CaOCl2, CaCl2, MgO.

D. CaCl2, Na2CO3, MgO

Cu 4 sao chn p n C, khng chn p n B

Nu chn B th t CaCl2 em iu ch th no ra CO2?

t capron sao c th iu ch bng phn ng trng ngng c?

(cu hi ny em li coi thy l t in mt ri, chu kh c sch 1 cht, nghin
cu em s tm c cu tr li).
Cui cng thy xin c chc tt c cc s t ngy mai c c ngy ra qun thnh cng rc
r, c th l bc m cho con ng chinh phc tng lai!
Day la mot so cau kho trong de thi thu CHUYEN BEN TRE VA CHUYEN CAN THO
Mong thay GIANG giup em nhe
Cu 54: Cho 25 gam dung dch ancol etylic x0 tc dng vi Natri d thu c 11,718 lt H 2 (ktc). Bit khi
lng ring ca ancol etylic l 0,8g/ml v coi nh s ho tan khng lm co gin th tch. Gi tr ca x l
A. 38
B. 46
C. 54
D. 90
HNG DN
t nru = a mol; nH2O = b mol
46a + 18b = 25 ; v a + b = 1,04625 => m r nguyn cht = 0,22.46 = 10,12 => Vru n cht = 12,65 ml
VH2O = 0,826.18 = 14,868 ml; => x = 12,65 : (14,868 + 12,65).100 = 46o
(vi bi ton trn em nn bm st nh ngha ru l g t em s gii quyt ra vn thi)
Cu 55: Hn hp X gm Na2O, Na2O2, Na2CO3, K2O, K2O2, K2CO3. Cho m gam hn hp X tc dng vi
dung dch HCl d thu c dung dch Y cha 50,85 gam cht tan gm cc cht tan c cng nng mol ;
3,024 lt hn hp kh Z (ktc) c t khi so vi hiro l 20,889. Gi tr ca m l
A. 30,492
B. 22,689
C. 21,780
D. 29,040
HNG DN
Dung dch cha HCl; NaCl; KCl (cng s mol x)
x = 0,3 mol => n HCl ban u = 0,9 mol; v nHCl p/ = 0,6 mol kh sinh ra l O2 v CO2
(ta thy M2O2 + 2HCl => 2MCl + H2O + 1/2O2; M2CO3 + 2HCl => 2MCl + H2O + CO2, tg t M2O)
Vy ta thy: nH2O = n HClp : 2 = 0,3 mol
Bo ton khi lng c m + 0,9.36,5 = 50,85 + 0,3.18 + 41,778.0,135 => m = 29,04 gam.
Cu 58: Dung dch X cha 0,2 mol Ca2+; 0,08 mol Cl; x mol HCO3 v y mol NO3. em c cn dung dch X
ri nung n khi lng khng i thu c 16,44 gam hn hp cht rn khan Y. Nu thm y mol HNO 3 vo
dung dch X sau c cn dung dch th thu c bao nhiu gam cht rn khan?
A. 25,56
B. 27,84
C. 30,84
D. 28,12
HNG DN
C cn, nung n khi lng khng i th HCO3- => O2- v
NO3- => NO2x => 0,5x
y => y
0,2.40 + 0,08.35,5 + 0,5x.16 + 46y = 16,44 v x + y = 0,2.2 0,08

 x = 0,24 mol; y = 0,08 mol.

Thm HNO3 (0,08 mol) th H+ + HCO3- => CO2 + H2O
0,08 => 0,08
Vy sau phn ng c: 0,2 mol Ca2+; 0,08 mol Cl-; 0,16 mol HCO3-; NO3- (0,16 mol)
Khi c cn th HCO3- => CO32- (0,08 mol)
Vy 0,2.40 + 0,08.35,5 + 0,08.60 + 0,16.62 = 25,56 gam
(lu cc phn ng nhit phn, v khi c cn th HCO3- s chuyn thnh CO32-)
Cu 43: Cho 100 gam glixerol tc dng vi 3 mol HNO3 c (xt: H2SO4 c). Tnh khi lng sn phm cha
nhm nitro thu c. Bit rng c 70% glixerol v 60% HNO3 phn ng.
A. 175,4 gam
B. 213,2 gam
C. 151,0 gam
D. 174,5 gam

HNG DN
C3H5(OH)3 + aHNO3 => C3H5(ONO2)a(OH)3-a + aH2O
Vy d thy nH2O = n HNO3phn ng
Bo ton khi lng c m = 100.0,7 + 3.0,6.63 0,6.3.18 = 151 gam
Cu 15: Khi tin hnh ng trng hp buta1,3ien v stiren thu c 1 loi polime l caosu bunaS. em
t 1 mu cao su ny ta nhn thy s mol O2 tc dng bng 1,325 ln s mol CO2 sinh ra. 19,95 gam mu cao
su ny lm mt mu ti a bao nhiu gam brom?
A. 42,67
B. 39,90
C. 30,96
D. 36,00
HNG DN
C4H6 (chn 1 mol) C8H8 ( x mol)
Th nCO2 = 4 + 8x; nH2O = 3 + 4x => n O2 =4 + 8x + 1,5 + 2x
Gii phng trnh: 5,5 + 10x = 1,325.(4 + 8x) => x = 1/3
Trong caosu buna- S c: nbuta = 3a th nStiren = a mol
a = 19,95: (3.54 + 104) = 0,075 mol => m Br2= 0,075.3.160 = 36 gam
Cu 15: Cho 1 lit nc cng tm thi cha (Ca2+, Mg2+ v HCO3-). Bit t l mol ca 2 ion Ca2+ v Mg2+ tng
ng l 2:1. Tng khi lng ca hai mui hidrocacbonat trong 1 lit nc trn l 14,1 gam. Tnh khi lng
Ca(OH)2 cn thm vo 1 lit nc cng trn, nc thu c mt hon ton tnh cng?
A. 17,76 gam
B. 13,32 gam
C. 6,66 gam
D. 8,88 gam
HNG DN
Ca(HCO3)2 (2x mol); Mg(HCO3)2 ( x mol) => x = 0,03 mol
lm mt tnh cng hon ton th : m Ca(OH)2 = 0,03.3.74 = 6,66gam
( Mg(HCO3)2 + Ca(OH)2 => CaCO3 + MgCO3 + 2H2O; Ca(HCO3)2 + Ca(OH)2 => 2CaCO3 + H2O)
(thy khng bit p n ca em t m khng bit phi p n ca khng, nhng nu nh vy th p
n cu 15 cha ng u, nhng bi ton trn khng kh, thy gii chi tit cc em tin theo di, khi
lm trc nghim em ch cn bo ton in tch v khi lng th rt nhanh tm kt qu, nh nh 1 bi ton
cng nhiu hn hp cht th hng gii cng n gin)

Cu 15: Cho 1 lit nc cng tm thi cha (Ca2+, Mg2+ v HCO3-). Bit t l mol ca 2 ion Ca2+ v Mg2+ tng
ng l 2:1. Tng khi lng ca hai mui hidrocacbonat trong 1 lit nc trn l 14,1 gam. Tnh khi lng
Ca(OH)2 cn thm vo 1 lit nc cng trn, nc thu c mt hon ton tnh cng?
A. 17,76 gam
B. 13,32 gam
C. 6,66 gam
D. 8,88 gam
HNG DN
Ca(HCO3)2 (2x mol); Mg(HCO3)2 ( x mol) => x = 0,03 mol
lm mt tnh cng hon ton th : m Ca(OH)2 = 0,03.4.74 = 8,88gam
( Mg(HCO3)2 + 2Ca(OH)2 => CaCO3 + Mg(OH)2+ 2H2O; Ca(HCO3)2 + Ca(OH)2 => 2CaCO3 + H2O)
Nh thy Giang gii gip em.
chuyn Vinh ln 3
Cu 1: Nung m gam hn hp M gm (NH4)2CO3, CuCO3, Cu(OH)2 trong bnh kn khng
c khng kh n khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton thu c cht rn X, hn hp Y
( gm kh v hi). Cho ton b lng Y tc dng vi dung dch HCl d, kt thc phn ng
thu c 2,675 gam mui. ha tan ht X trong dung dch HNO3 c nng sinh ra
13,44lit NO2 (dktc). Gi tr ca m l:
A. 37,8
B. 48,6
C. 45,3
D. 24,8
Tr Li Bn David Beckham
(NH4)2CO3 => NH3 + CO2 + H2O; CuCO3 => CuO + CO2; Cu(OH)2 => CuO + H2O
Sau NH3 + CuO => N2 + Cu + H2O
Kh Y tc dng c HCl => c NH3 d v n NH4Cl = 0,05 mol => CuO ht => chuyn ha hon ton
thnh Cu
d thy 2nCu = 3nNH3 = nNO2 = 0,6 mol => nCuCO3 + nCu(OH)2 = 0,3 mol; nNH3 = 0,2 mol
n (NH4)2CO3 = (0,05 + 0,2) : 2 = 0,125 mol
Gi s ch c CuCO3 (0,3 mol) v (NH4)2CO3 (0,125 mol) => m = 49,2 gam.
Nu ch c Cu(OH)2 (0,3 mol) v (NH4)2CO3 (0,125 mol) => m = 41,4 gam
41,4 gam < m < 49,2 gam
V c 2 p n B v C u chn c (nu th nghim cc bn thy p n C p hn v d chn
nghim C). bi ny ra li p n. Tht tic cho 1 bi tp kh hay.
Cu 2: dung dch X cha HCO3-, Ba2+, Na+, v 0,3 mol Cl-. Cho 1/2 dung dch X tc
dng vi dung dch NaOH d , kt thc phn ng thu c 9,85 gam kt ta . Mt khc
cho lng d dung dch NaHSO4 vo 1/2 dung dch X cn li, sau phn ng hon ton thu
c 17,475 gam kt ta . Nu un nng ton b lng X trn ti phn ng han ton, lc
b kt ta ri c cn nc lc th thu c bao nhiu gam mui khan?
A/26,65g
B. 39,60 g
C. 26,68g
D. 26,60g
Tr li bn David Beckham
+ TN2: Do HSO4- d nn => Ba2+ ht => nBaSO4 = nBa2+ = 0,075 mol
TN1: nBaCO3 = 0,05 mol < nBa2+ = 0,075 mol => BaCO3 = nHCO3- = 0,05 mol
i v X c: 0,1 mol HCO3-; 0,15 mol Ba2+; 0,3 mol Cl- => n Na+ = 0,1 mol
un nng dung dch Xth: c CO32- (0,05 mol); Ba2+ (0,15 mol) => c BaCO3 (0,05 mol)
Vy m mui = 0,1.137 + 0,3.35,5 + 0,1.23 = 26,65 gam
chuyn Vinh ln 2

Cu1: Hp cht hu c mch h X c ctpt C4H6O2. Cht X khng tc dng vi Na v

NaOH nhng thm gia phn ng trng bc .S cht X ph hp vi iu kin trn l:
A. 7
B. 10
C.6
D. 8
Tr li
X c 2lk , X khng tc dng Na v NaOH nhng phn ng trng Ag => c -CHO v khng c OH; hoc
COOH v COONu c 2-CHO => c 2p: OHC-C-C-CHO v C-C(CHO)2
Nu c CO- v CHO th C-CO-C-CHO c 1 p
Nu c O- v CHO th C=C-O-C => c 3 cch th cho nhm CHO. Vy s ng phn l
Vy c 6 ng phn
Cu 30: Cho bt st d vo dung dch cha a mol H2SO4 long thu V (lt) H2. Trong mt th nghim khc, cho bt st d
vo dung dch cha b mol H2SO4 c, nng thu c V (lt) SO2. (Th tch kh o cng iu kin v cc phn ng xy
ra hon ton). Mi quan h gia a v b l:
A. b = 3a
B. b = a
C. b = 2a
D. 2b = a
Cu 33: Cho m gam hn hp X gm Fe, Cu vo dung dch H 2SO4 long, d thu c V lt kh H 2. Thm tip NaNO3
vo th thy cht rn tan ht, ng thi thot ra 1,5V lt kh NO duy nht bay ra. Th tch kh o cng iu kin. Tnh %
khi lng Cu trong hn hp X?
A. 66,7%
B. 53,3%
C. 64,0%
D. 72,0%
Cu 34: Cht hu c X c cha vng benzen v c cng thc phn t l C7H8O. X khng tc dng vi NaOH. Hy cho
bit X c bao nhiu cng thc cu to?
A. 3
B. 5
C. 2
D. 4
Cu 35: X phng ho hn hp X gm hai triglixerit (t l mol 1 : 1) thu c glixerol v hn hp hai mui ca hai axit
bo c t l mol l 1 : 2. Hy cho bit c bao nhiu cp triglixerit tho mn?
A. 6
B. 4
C. 3
D. 5
Cu 48: Cho cn bng sau: H2 (k) + I2 (k) 2HI (k) H > 0. Ti 5000C, sau khi t cn bng, hn hp thu c c
t khi so vi H2 l d1. Nng nhit ln 6000C, sau khi t cn bng mi hn hp thu c c t khi so vi H 2 l d2.
So snh d1 v d2.
A. d1 = 2d2
B. d1 > d2
C. d1 < d2
D. d1 = d2
Cu 50: C cc kim loi sau: Au, Ag, Cu, Fe. Ho cht no sau y c th s dng phn bit cc kim loi :
A. dung dch HCl c, nng
B. dung dch H2SO4 c, ngui
C. dung dch HNO3 long, nng
D. dung dch NH3 c, ngui