Chapter 8

VALUATION OF
INVENTORIES:
A COST-BASIS APPROACH
INVENTORY ISSUES
Defnitin
- A!et "er#$#%
- &i'i( per#!ahaan
- T#$#an %i$#a') 'an*!#n* +!e%iaan
"aran* %a*an*an %an !e%iaan pr%#(
$a%i, -a#p#n ti%a( 'an*!#n* +-e'a'#i
pr!e! pr%#(!i: !e%iaan "ahan %an
!e%iaan "aran* %a'a- pr!e!, %a'a-
pera!i nr-a' per#!ahaan
CLASSIFICATION ter*ant#n* $eni! per#!ahaan:
- Per#!ahaan %a*an*: . -a/a- !e%iaan:
!e%iaan "aran* %a*an*an
- Per#!ahaan -an#0a(t#r a%a 1 e'e-en
!e%iaan:
o Se%iaan "ahan +"ahan "a(# 2 "ahan
pen'n*,
o Se%iaan "aran* %a'a- pr!e!
o Se%iaan "aran* 3 pr%#( $a%i
Da!ar pen*a(#an a4a': (! 5 ni'ai 4a$ar
A//#ntin* !6!te-:
.7 Perpet#a' !6!te- tran!a(!i !e%iaan
+tran!a(!i 6an* -e-pen*ar#hi (! !e%iaan,
'an*!#n* %i/atat 3 -e-pen*ar#hi re(enin*
SEDIAAN +D: "erta-"ah8 9: "er(#ran*, ti%a(
per'# pen6e!#aian +(e/#a'i (a'a# a%a 9ETIDA9-
SESUAIAN ata# !e'i!ih antara /atatan %an ha!i'
!t/( pna-e,
:7 Peri%i/ !6!te- 3Pi!i( Tran!a(!i !e%iaan
TIDA9 LAN;SUN; DICATAT 9E RE9ENIN;
SEDIAAN) tetapi (e re(enin*-re(enin*:
- PE&BELIAN)
- BIAYA AN;9UT PE&BELIAN)
- POTON;AN 2 RETUR PE&BELIAN
pa%a a(hir peri%e per'# pen6e!#aian #nt#(
-en/atat COSTS OF ;OODS SOLD 2 INVENTORY
PHYSICAL ;OODS INCLUDED IN
INVENTORY
STOC9 OPNA&E 5 INVENTORY TA9IN; 5
perhit#n*an pi!i( !e%iaan ha!i': #nit pi!i(
#nt#( -a!in* $eni! +-i'i( per#!ahaan,
;OODS IN TRANSIT ter*ant#n* !6arat 077"7
!hippin* pint ata# 077"7 %e!tinatin<
- F77"7 !hippin* pint ter-a!#( !e%iaan
"a*i pe-"e'i
- F77"7 %e!tinatin ter-a!#( !e%iaan
pen$#a'
CONSI;NED ;OODS -i'i( pen*a-anat
+/n!i*nr,)
- Cn!i*n-ent In ti%a( ter-a!#( !e%iaan
- Cn!i*n-ent O#t ter-a!#( !e%iaan
SPECIAL SALES A;REE&ENT<
- Sa'e! 4ith "#6"a/( a*ree-ent !#"!tan/e<
pen$#a'an ata# han6a !e(e%ar pin%ah
te-pat +par(in* tran!a/tin,
- Sa'e! 4ith hi*h rate 0 ret#rn< pen*a(#an
%it#n%a ata# 'an*!#n* %ia(#i %en*an !6arat
har#! -en/a%an*(an (e-#n*(inan ret#r
EFECT OF INVENTORY ERRORS
-En%in* in=entr6 -i!!tate% +=er !tate% ata#
#n%er !tate%, !e%iaan a4a' peri%e "eri(#tn6a
-Pe-"e'ian +P#r/ha!e %an 3 ata# pen$#a'an
+-a!a'ah /#t > 5 pi!ah "ata!, ,an% in=entr6
-i!!tate%
Perhati(an?
- Si0atn6a /#nter-"a'an/e% -e-pen*ar#hi
'apran (e#an*an : peri%e "er#r#tan %*
!i0at "er'a4anan) !h* th (e ti*a !#%ah ti%a(
terpen*ar#h7
@#rna' (re(!i ter*ant#n* "ent#( (e!a'ahan %an
9APAN (e!a'ahan %i(ete-#(an
Penent#an a(i"at< perhati(an 0r-#'a:
!e%iaan a(hir tah#n ini a(an -en$a%i !e%iaan
a4a' tah#n %epan
HPP 5 !e%iaan a4a' A pe-"e'ian B !e%iaan a(hir
La"a 5 Pen$#a'an B HPP B Bia6a
La"a %itahan a(hir 5 'a"a %itahan a4a' A 'a"a B
%e=i%en
Si!te- A(#ntan!i
Se%iaan
Da!ar a(#ntan!i !e%iaan: (!) 6* ter%iri ata!
har*a "e'i A "ia6a an*(#t pe-"e'ian

., Si!te- pi!i( ata# peri%i(
-Tran!a(!i 6* -e-pen*ar#hi (! !e%iaan
ti%a( 'an*!#n* %i/atat (e re(enin*
SEDIAAN ) tetapi (e re(enin*-re(enin*
Pe-"e'ian) Ptn*an 2 Ret#r pe-"e'ian
+ata# %ipi!ah -en$a%i ptn*an pe-"e'ian
%an ret#r pe-"e'ian,) "ia6a an*(#t
pe-"e'ian
- har*a p(( pe-"e'ian "ar# %ihit#n*
+-e'a'#i !t/( pna-e 5 in=entr6 ta(in* 5
perhit#n*an pi!i( !e%iaan, %an %i/atat pa%a
a(hir peri%e +-e'a'#i $#rna' pen6e!#aian
:, Si!te- perpet#a'
Se-#a tran!a(!i 6an* -e-pen*ar#hi (!
!e%iaan 'an*!#n* %i/atat (e re(enin*
SEDIAAN) 6ait# %i%e"it apa"i'a "erta-"ah
%an %i(re%it apa"i'a "er(#ran*7Perhit#n*an
pi!i( !e%iaan %i'a(#(an #nt#( -en//((an
antara ha!i' perhit#n*an pi!i( %an !a'% per
/atatan7 Pen6e!#aian han6a %iper'#(an
apa"i'a ter$a%i (eti%a(-//(an7
COSTS INCLUDED IN INVENTORY
Pen**'n*an "ia6a "er%a!ar -an0aat e(n-i
PRODUCT COSTS 5 in=entria"'e /!t HPP
apa"i'a !#%ah %i$#a'
PERIOD COSTS: 'an*!#n* (e 'a"a-r#*i %i %a'a-
peri%e ter$a%in6a
TREAT&ENT OF PURCHASE DISCOUNT +"e'#-
pa!ti) a(an %ia-"i' ata# ti%a(, : -et%e:
- &et%e net +net -eth%,: pe-"e'ian 3
!e%iaan %an h#tan* %a*an* %i/atat !e"e!ar
har*a !ete'ah %i(#ran*i ptn*an 6an*
%ita4ar(an7 Apa"i'a ter%apat ptn*an 6an*
ti%a( $a%i %iper'eh a(an %ia(#i !e"a*ai
(er#*ian7
- &et%e "r#t +*r!! -eth%,:
pe-"e'ian3!e%iaan %an h#tan* %a*an*
%i/atat !e"e!ar har*a "e'i !e"e'#-
%i(#ran*i ptn*an 6an* %ita4ar(an
ptn*an a(an %i/atat apa"i'a "enar-"enar
%iteri-a7
&ETODE PENENTUAN 9OS 5
RU&US BIAYA +COST FLOC
ASSU&PTION,
Pa%a #-#-n6a %ia'a-i 'eh retai'er
&a!a'ah ini ter$a%i apa"i'a #nit (!
%ari 4a(t# (e 4a(t# -en*a'a-i
per#"ahan7 &et%e 6an* 'aDi-
%ipa(ai %ipa(ai:
., SPECIFIC IDENTIFICATION: -a!in*--a!in*
ite- %i"eri 3 !#%ah -e-i'i(i i%entita! %i$#a'
(! %itent#(an "er%a!ar i%entita! t!" +ha!i'
-en#r#t !i!te- perpet#a' 5 ha!i' -en#r#t
!i!te- pi!i(,
C/( %ipa(ai apa"i'a #nit !e%iaan !e%i(it tetapi
%* ni'ai per #nit 6an* tin**i) -i!a'n6a
:, AVERA;E COST +perpet#a': rata-rata "er*era()
pi!i(: rata-rata terti-"an*) ha!i'n6a "er"e%a)
(e/#a'i (a'a# han6a a%a . tran!a(!i pe-"e'ian
%an ter$a%i !e"e'#- pen$#a'an,
1, FIFO +ha!i' f0 pi!i( 5 ha!i' f0 perpet#a'8
(e/#a'i (a'a# ter$a%i ret#r,
E, LIFO +Li0 pi!i( "er"e%a %* 'i0 perpet#a',
+IFRS ti%a( -e-per(enan(an 'a*i,
&a!in*--a!in* %apat %iterap(an %i %a'a- !i!te-
perpet#a' -a#p#n pi!i(
APENDIF
LIFO
LIFO RESERVE
LIFO LIGUIDATION
DOLLAR LIFO %iper'#(an apa"i'a ter$a%i
per#"ahan tin*(at har*a #-#- +INFLASI, B
Se%iaan %i!e!#ai(an %en*an tin*(at har*a pa%a
tah#n per'ehan
Data 6an* %iper'#(an:
- 9apan &T9P r#pih -#'ai %ipa(ai< tah#n
%a!ar
- Se%iaan pa%a !etiap tah#n
- In%e( har*a + artin6a H,
Tahapann6a:
.,-en*hit#n* !e%iaan pa%a har*a %a!ar +5
!e%iaan ata! %a!ar har*a 6an* "er'a(# %i"a*i
in%e( har*a,
:, &en*e'-p((an ha!i' 'an*(ah . "er%a!ar
tah#n per'ehan
1, &enent#(an (! "er%a!ar har*a 6an* "er'a(#7
E, &en$#-'ah(an ha!i' 'an*(ah 1