2H

+
H+
OXALOACETATE
PYRUVATE
SUCCINYL-CoA
GLUTARATE
CITRATE
MALATE
2-OXO- ASPARTATE
NO2
-
NO3
-
N2
NH4
CH3COSCoA
ACETYL-CoA
HOH
CO2
NAD
T
R
A
N
S
A
M
INATION
2H+
2H
+
+
CO2
5-Amino-
levulinate
Glycine
H+
H+
H+
H+
H+
H+
c
H+ H+ a
F0
F1
F1
2
1

10 c-sub-units
A
D
P+ P
i
a H+
3.6.1.34
H
+-transporting ATP synthase

F6
oscp
ATP
ADP +Pi
FUMARATE
UQH2
UQ
UQH2
NADH+H+
CH2COO-
C(OH)COO-
CH2COO-
CH(OH)COO-
CHCOO-
CH2COO-
-OOCCOCH2CH2COO-
-OOCCH2CH2CO.SCoA
-OOCCOCH2COO-
CH3CH(OH)CH2CO.SCoA
-OOCCH=CHCOO-
CCCC
Glyoxylate
Cycle
-OOCCHO
GTP
GDP ATP
+
HEME Protoporphyrinogen Coproporphyrinogen Uroporphyrinogen Porphobilinogen
5-Amino-
levulinate
COO-
CH2
CH2
H2NCH2C=O
FADH2
FAD Cyt.b
Fe-S
SUCCINATE
II
CH3COCOO-
PYRUVATE
Pi
X Y
Cyt.c1
Fe-S
2e-
2e-
1e-
1e-
III
2UQ UQ
UQH2
2UQH2
2UQ.
_
UQ.
_
Cyt.bL Cyt.bH
Cyt.c
IV
CuA
CuB
CuA
1.9.3.1
2e-
Heme a
Heme a
3
2H
+
2H
+ 4H
+
4H
+
2H
+
NAD+
NADH+H+
NAD+
1.1.1.39
1.2.4.1
2.3.1.12
3.1.3.43
4.1.1.32
4.1.3.7
4.2.1.3
1.1.1.41
1.2.4.2
2.3.1.61
6.2.1.4
-OOCCH2CH2COO-
1.3.5.1
4.2.1.2
1.1.1.37
6.4.1.1
4.1.3.8
4.1.3.1
4.1.3.2
ISOCITRATE
2.6.1.1
2.3.1.16
4.1.1.71
1.2.1.16
5.1.99.1
5.4.99.2
4.3.1.1
1.4.1.2 1.4.1.14
6.3.5.4
1.6.6.1
1.7.99.4 1.7.7.1
1.6.6.4
1.18.6.1
2.3.1.37
1.10.2.2
1.10.2.2

H++
33

AT
P
ADP
ENDERGONIC REACTION
1
.6
.5
.3
I
FMNH2
FMN I
1.6. 5.3
2Fe -S
(5 Clusters)
H+H+
H+H+
ATP
4H+
2H+
2H+
or
H+
PHOTO-
SYSTEM
l
O2
3.6.1.34
NADP+
Glyceraldehyde
Ribulose-1,5-bis-P
2
88
H+ c
3
2

a
3
2

2
1
3

H+
H+
H+
H+
H+ H+
H+
H+
H+ H+
H+ H+ H+ H+
H+
H+
H+ H+
H+
H+
H+
H+
H+
H+
H+
H+
H+
H+ H+
H+ H+
H+ H+ H+
Translocated protons
H+
H+
H+
H+
Pi
Ferredoxin
4H+
PC PC
PC
PQH2
2PQH2
PQ
_
.
2PQ
_
.
Fe-S Cyt.f
PQ
2PQ
Cyt bf
2e-
1e- 1e-
2e-
2e-
2e-
2e-
Cyclic Photophosphorylation
PQ
PHOTO-
SYSTEM
II
Cyt bc
Non-cyclic electron
flow
2e-
2e-
Mn
2e-
*
Protons fromWater
H2O
H+
H+
2H+
2H+

ATP synthase
CO
2
Fixation
H+
ADP Pi
H+
NADPH+H
+
eee
ATP THYLAKOID MEMBRANE
CHLOROPLAST OUTER MEMBRANE
THYLAKOIDLUMEN
STROMA
(electric current)
P680
Chl.a
QA
QB
Pheophytin
P700
Chl.A0
A1
Fe-S
ATP
ADP
ATP
1
/2O2
H2O
PQH2
To Brain -
A
M
I
N
O
A
C
I
D
S
P
Y
R
I
M
I
D
I
N
E
S
P
U
R
I
N
E
S
C
A
T
E
C
H
O
L
A
M
I
N
E
S
A
R
O
M
A
T
I
C
A
M
I
N
O
A
C
I
D
S
hv
VISION
L
I
P
I
D
P
H
O
T
O
S
Y
N
T
H
E
S
I
S
P
O
R
P
H
Y
R
I
N
S
S
T
E
R
O
I
D
S
I
S
O
P
R
E
N
O
I
D
S
P
H
O
S
P
H
O
L
I
P
I
D
S
D
E
G
R
A
D
A
T
I
O
N
L
I
P
I
D
B
I
O
S
Y
N
T
H
E
S
I
S
P
E
N
T
O
S
E
S
H
E
X
O
S
E
S
P
O
L
Y
S
A
C
C
H
A
R
I
D
E
S
COCH CH(NH )COO 2 3
+
FOLIC
ACID
C1
POOL
VALINE
ATP
ATP
4.1.1.4 1.1.1.30
CH COCH 3 3
CH COCH COO 3 2
CH CH(OH)CH COO 3 2
3-OH-Butyrate Acetone
Acetoacetate
KETONE BODIES
HYALURONIC ACID DERMATAN
BLOOD GROUP
SUBSTANCES
PEPTIDO-
GLYCAN
N-Ac-Neuraminate
(Sialate)
UDP-
Iduronate
UDP-N-Ac-
Galactosamine
UDP-
Galacturonate
GDP-Fucose
TDP-Rhamnose
ADP-
Glucose
UDP-Glucose
TDP-4-Oxo-
6-deoxyglucose
MANNOSE
CHITIN CHONDROITIN PECTIN
ALGINATES
INULIN CELLULOSE
O-ANTIGENS STARCH GLYCOGEN
LACTOSE
GALACTOSE
O
OH
HO
OH
OH
CH3O
OPPT
O
OH
OH
O
OH
ACNH
HO OH
O
OH HO OPPU
NHAC
OH
OH OH
OH
HO
OH
NHCOCH
OHHO
O
OPPG
CH OH 2
HO
P
UDP-N-Ac-
Glucosamine
pyruvate
N-Ac-Mannosamine-6-P UDP-Glucuronate
GDP-Mannose
N-Ac-Mannosamine UDP-N-Ac-Glucosamine N-Ac-Glucosamine-6-P
Sorbitol
Fructose-1-P
Erythrose-4-P
3-Dehydrogulonate
L-Xylose
L-Lyxose
D-Xylulose
D-Ribose
Ribitol
L-Arabitol L-Xylulose
L-Ribulose L-Ribulose-5-P
L-Xylulose-5-P
L-Arabinose Xylitol D-Xylose
D-Arabinose D-Ribulose
ASCORBATE
2, 3-Dioxogulonate
N-Ac-Glucosamine-1-P
Inositol-P Inositol Glucuronate Gulonate
Gulonolactone 2-Oxogulonolactone
Fructose
6-P-Gluconate
D-Ribulose-5-P
D-Xylulose-5-P
Mannose-1-P
GDP-Glucose
TDP-Glucose
UDP-Galactose
Galactose-P
Glucose-1-P
Glucose-6-P
Fructose-6-P
Fructose-
1:6-bis-P
OH
H H H
O
HOCH2 C C C C CO
OH OH H OH
H H
O
HOCH2 C C C CO CO
OH H
H
OH H
C C
OH
CO
P-Ribosyl
amine
Glycerate
2, 3-Diphospho-
glycerate
3-P-Glyceraldehyde
1:3-bis-P-Glycerate
3-P-Glycerate
2-P-Glycerate
P-enolpyruvate
Inositol
CH OH 2
CH OH 2
HOCH
CH OH 2
CH O 2
HOCH
P
Glycerol
UDP-Galactose
UDP-Sugars
CH CH OH 3 2
ETHANOL
Dihydroxy-
acetone-P
(Glycerone-P)
Glucosamine-6-P
Phospho-
serine
Chain elongation Mitochondrial
Serine
Serine
Indole-3-glycerol-P
3-Deoxy-D-arabino-
heptulosonate-7-P
Indoleacetate
(Auxin)
Indoxyl
Formylkynurenine Kynurenine 3-Hydroxy
kynurenine
3-Hydroxy
anthranilate
2-Amino-3-carboxy
muconate semialdehyde
NH
OH
Tryptamine 1-(o-Carboxy phenylamino)
1-deoxyribulose-5-P
N-(5-P-Ribosyl)
anthranilate
Anthranilate
Catechol
NH
Indole-
acetaldehyde
NH
CH CHO 2
Indolepyruvate
N
H
C-CH(OH)CH(OH)CH O 2 P
CH
2-Aminomuconate-
6-semialdehyde
CH CH NH 2 2 2
NH
1.2.3.7
4.1.1.43
3.5.1.9 3.7.1.3
4.2.1.20
1.13.11.6 4.1.1.45
2.4.2.18
4.6.1.4
4.1.1.48
1.14.13.9
4.6.1.3
Dehydro-
quinate
4.2.1.10 1.1.1.25 2.5.1.19
Shikimate-3-P Shikimate-5
enolpyruvate 3-P
Chorismate
PEP
2.7.1.71
1.4.1.19
Homogentisate Phenylpyruvate
Cinnamate
Coumarate
Prephenate
2-Amino
muconate
Fumarate Aspartate
GLYCINE
Sarcosine
Hydroxy-
pyruvate
P-Hydroxy-
pyruvate
SERINE
Imidazole
glycerol-P
P-Ribosyl-ATP P-Ribosylformimino
5-aminoimidazole-
carboxamide-R P
Formimino
glutamate
Imidazolone
propionate
Urocanate
Cystathionine Homocysteine
Phosphoadenylyl-
sulphate
(PAPS)
CH (NH )COOH 2 3
+
Histidinol-P Histidinol Histidinal
3.1.3.15 2.6.1.9 1.1.1.23
3.6.1.31
5.3.1.16 2.4.2.17
Asparagine
ALANINE
3-Sulphinyl
pyruvate
Oxobutyrate
2-Aceto-2-
hydroxy-
butyrate
O-Phospho-
homoserine
HO SCH CH NH 2 2 2 2
Hypotaurine
HO SCH CH NH 3 2 2 2
Taurine
Glutamate
-Glutamylcysteine
Glutathione
Glycine
Cysteine
-Alanine
Cysteate
S-Adenosyl
homocysteine
4.2.99.2
1.1.1.86
4.2.1.9
1.1.1.86 4.2.1.9
2.6.1.32
4.1.3.18
S-Adenosyl
methionine
(SAM)
2-Methylaceto-
acetyl-CoA
2-Acetolactate 2-3-Dihydroxy
isovalerate
2-Oxo-
isovalerate
3-Hydroxy-
isobutyrate
3-Hydroxy-
Isobutyryl-CoA
Methyl
acrylyl-CoA
2-Methyl-3-
hydroxy-
butyryl-CoA
Tiglyl-CoA 2 Methylbutyryl-
CoA
2:3-Di-OH-
3-methylvalerate
2-Oxo-3-methyl
valerate
Isobutyryl-CoA
Cysteine
sulphinate
4.2.99.9
2-Isopropyl-
malate
CH CH COCOO 3 2
+
CH CH(NH )COO 3 3
CH CH(OH)COO 3
HO SCH COCOO 2 2
OCH COCOO 2 P
OCH CH(NH )COO 2 3 P
HOCH COCOO 2
HOCH CH(NH )COO 2 3
+
+
OH
CH COCOO 2
COO
OH
OH O
COO
OH
OH
HO P
COO
OH
OH
O
CH2
P
COO
O-C-COO
OH
O
OH
OOC CH COCOO 2
NH
HOC-CH(OH)CH(OH)CH2OP
CH
COO
NH2
COO
OH
NH2 COO
COO
OCH
OOCCH NHCH 2 3
CH (CH ) COS-ACP 3 2 14 CH (CH ) COSCoA 3 2 14
CH (CH ) CH=CHCO-S-ACP 3 2 2
CH CH=CHCO-S-ACP 3 CH CH(OH)CH COS-ACP 3 2
COSCoA
Linoleate
Oleoyl-CoA
Stearoyl-CoA Dehydrostearoyl-CoA OH-Stearoyl-CoA Oxostearoyl-CoA
Palmitoyl-ACP Palmitoyl-CoA
ACYL-ACP 2, 3-Enoyl-ACP
3, 4-Decenoyl-ACP
2, 3-Decenoyl-ACP
3-OH-Acyl-ACP 3-Oxoacyl-ACP
3-Oxo-Decanoyl-ACP
3-Oxo-Hexanoyl-ACP 3-OH-Hexanoyl-ACP 2, 3-Hexenoyl-ACP
Butanoyl-ACP Crotonoyl-ACP 3-OH-Butanoyl-ACP Acetoacetyl-ACP
Hexanoyl-ACP
3-OH-Decanoyl-ACP Decanoyl-ACP
Palmitoleoyl-ACP
-Linolenate Arachidonate Leukotriene B4
COSCoA
CO-S-ACP
Thromboxane B2
HOOCCH CO-S-ACP 2
Malonyl-ACP
HOOCCH CO-SCoA 2
Malonyl-Co-A
CH CO-S-ACP 3
Acetyl-ACP
CH O-CO-R 2
CH OH 2
R-CO-OCH
FATTY ACID
ACYL-CoA
(Cytosol)
CH O-CO-R 2
CH O 2
R-CO-OCH
P
Cardiolipin Phosphatidylglycerol
Acetylcholine
Glycerophosphocholine
Lysolecithin
Choline
plasmalogen
CDP-choline Choline-P
Mevaldate
CH (CH ) CH=CHCH(OH)CHCH OH 3 2 12 2
Dehydrosphinganin Sphinganin 4-Sphingenin Psychosine
Acyl-CoA
Acyl-CoA
Cerebroside
Galactose CH (CH ) CH=CHCH(OH)CHCH O- 3 2 12 2
NHCOR
Isopentenyl-PP
(C5)
Dimethylallyl-PP
(C5)
Geranyl-geranyl-PP
(C20)
Farnesyl-PP
(C15)
Squalene
(C30)
Geranyl-PP
(C10)
Desmosterol Zymosterol Lanosterol
CH C =CHCH O 3 2 PP
CH3
Ceramide
Gangliosides
NHCOR
CH O 2 PP
OPP
CH2
CHOLESTEROL
CH C(OH)CH CH OH 3 2 2
CH COO 2
CH C(OH)CH CHO 3 2
CH COO 2
NADP +
Dehydroascorbate
OH
H O
HOCH2 C C C C CO
OH H OH
OH
H O
HOCH2 C C CO CO CO
H
NAD+
Pi
ADP ADP
Phytoene
(C40)
Lycopene (C40)
-CAROTENE (C40)
Rhodopsin Metarhodopsin
Retinoate
trans-Retinal
11-cis-Retinol trans-Retinol
(Vitamin A)
Retinol esters
Dark
Light
Ubiquinone
(Coenzyme Q)
Menaquinone
Plastoquinone
Phylloquinone
(Vitamin K)
Opsin
CHO
CH OH 2
CHO
CH OH 2
CH3 CH O 3
CH O 3 n
O
O
O
O
Phytol (C20)
-Tocopherol
(Vitamin E)
Quinolinate
Quinolinate-
nucleotide
Nicotinate-
nucleotide
Desamino-NAD
5-Hydroxy-
tryptophan
5-Hydroxytryptamine
(SEROTONIN)
N-Acetyl-5-O-methyl-serotonin
(MELATONIN)
NH
CH CH NHCOCH 2 2 3 HO
NH
CH CH NHCOCH 2 2 3 CH O 3
+
NAD( P)
NICOTINATE
N-Acetyl-serotonin
2.4.2.19
Dopamine Dopa
Dopaquinone
THYROXINE MELANIN
OH
OH
CHOHCH NHCH 2 3
OH
OH
CHOHCH NH 2 2
4-OH-3-Methoxy-
phenylglycol
CHOHCH NH 2 2
OH
OCH3 OCH3
CHOHCH OH 2
OH
OCH3
4-OH-3-Methoxy-
D-mandelate
Cyclic AMP
ATP
Dephospho-Coenzyme A
4-P-Pantetheine
4-P-Pantothenylcysteine
4-P-Pantothenate
Pantoate
6.3.2.1
1.1.1.169
3.5.1.22
2.7.1.33
NH
N H
O
O
O
O
CH OH 2
OH
OCH3
CH(OH)COO
H2
NH3
+
CH-COO
C O
O
COO
N Ribose- P
N
+
COO
NH
CH COO 2
O
OH
CH O 2 P
NHCOCH NH 2 2
OH
Formyl
glycinamide-R P
Urea
Formyl
glycinamidine-R P
Allantoate Allantoin URATE
ADP
Xanthine Hypoxanthine
Inosine
Adenine
Adenylo-
succinate
5-Amino
imidazole-R P
5-Amino-4-imidazole
carboxylate-R P
5-Amino-4-imidazole
(N-succinylcarboxamide)-R P
5-Aminoimidazole
carboxamide-R P
Formylamido-
imidazole-
carboxamide-R P
H NCONH 2 2
HN
H C 2 CHO
NH
RP
NH
C
C
C
O
C
CO
OC
NH
NH
H
N
HN
H
C
C
O
C
CH
OC
NH
N
N
HN
Carbamoyl
-alanine
Dihydro-
uracil
Uracil
d-ADP
d-ATP
GTP GDP
XANTHOSINE-P
(XMP)
TTP
TDP
-Ureido
isobutyrate
Dihydro
thymine
Thymine d-UMP d-CMP d-CDP
CDP
Carbamoyl
aspartate
Dihydro
orotate
Orotate Orotidine-P Uridine-P
(UMP)
UDP
3-Amino-
isobutyrate
CH
C
NH2
CH OC
NH
N CH
C
O
CH OC
N H
HN
CH-CH3
C
O
OC
NH
HN
CH2
CH2
CH2
C
O
OC
NH
HN
C
O
CH OC
NH
HN C CH3
Methylmalonyl
semialdehyde
OHCCHCOO
CH3
CH2
C
O
CH-COO OC
NH
HN CH
C
O
C-COO OC
NH
HN
H NCONHCH CH COO 2 2 2
C
C
C
CH
RP
HC
NH
NH
OOC-CH-CH COO 2
N
N
N
CHO
NH
RP
NH
OC
H C 2
2.7.7.43
3.1.3.29
1.1.1.158
5.1.3.13
2.7.1.38
3.2.1.23
3.1.3.29
4.1.3.20
2.7.1.60
5.1.3.14
5.1.3.7
5.1.3.1
2.7.1.4
5.4.2.3
3.1.1.17
1.1.1.49
1.1.1.21
2.7.7.23
3.1.3.25 1.13.99.1 1.1.1.19
1.1.3.8
5.3.1.3
2.7.1.53
1.1.1.9
2.7.1.15
2.7.1.17
5.1.3.4
5.1.3.1
2.2.1.2
4.1.2.13
2.7.1.11
2.7.1.47
2.2.1.1
1.2.1.12
1.1.1.29
1.1.1.95
1.3.1.35
1.14.99.25
2.3.1.41
2.3.1.41
2.3.1.41
1.1.1.100
5.3.99.5
4.2.1.60
5.3.99.3
1.14.99.1
1.13.11.34
1.3.1.10
1.3.1.9
1.14.99.5
1.3.1.9
4.2.1.61
4.2.1.60
4.2.1.60
4.2.1.59
4.2.1.58
1.3.1.9
1.3.1.9
6.2.1.3 3.1.2.20
1.1.1.100
5.3.1.1
HOOC-COOH
Oxalate
Glycolate
HOCH CHO 2
Glycol
aldehyde
Ethanolamine-P
2.7.1.30
2.3.1.7
3.7.1.2
4.1.3.5
2.7.8.8
2.1.1.17
2.1.1.71
1.3.1.35 2.7.8.2
3.1.4.3
3.1.4.4
2.7.7.15
3.1.1.5 3.1.4.2
2.7.1.32
2.7.1.82
1.2.4.1
2.3.1.12
1.8.1.4
2.6.1.2
1.4.1.1
4.1.1.1
2.3.1.50
1.1.1.102
3.1.4.12
2.7.8.3
2.4.1.62
3.2.1.46
5.2.1.3
1.2.1.36
2.3.1.76
3.1.1.21
5.2.1.7
5.4.99.7
1.14.99.7
4.3.1.8
4.2.1.75
4.1.1.37 1.3.3.3 1.3.3.4
4.99.1.1
2.5.1.29
2.4.1.47
4.1.1.28 2.3.1.5 2.1.1.4
6.3.5.1
6.3.1.5
2.4.2.11
2.7.7.18
2.6.1.5
1.2.1.32
1.13.11.5
2.1.1.28
2.1.2.2 6.3.3.1
3.5.2.5
1.4.1.10
1.7.3.3 1.1.1.204 1.1.3.22
1.1.3.22
4.1.1.28
4.1.1.21
2.1.2.3
2.4.2.1
1.5.99.2
2.1.1.5
2.6.1.22
3.5.2.3
2.6.1.51
1.4.1.7
3.1.3.3
2.6.1.52
2.1.3.2
ACETATE
2.4.2.4
2.1.1.45
RP
CH
C
O
CH OC N
HN
1.3.1.14 2.4.2.10 4.1.1.23
2.7.7.7
2.7.7.7
2.7.7.7
1.17.4.1
2.7.7.7
2.7.4.14
4.4.1.1
1.6.4.1
1.13.11.20
4.4.1.8
4.2.1.22
1.1.1.27
4.1.1.29
6.3.2.3
6.3.2.2
1.8.1.3
LACTATE
Acetaldehyde
2.7.1.24
2.7.7.3
4.1.1.36
Bile Acids
CH CH COSCoA 3 2
Propanoyl-CoA
1.1.1.31
2.1.3.1
4.1.1.41
5.1.99.1
6.4.1.3
6.3.2.5
2.1.1.14
2.1.1.13
4.6.1.1
CDP-Ethanolamine
1.1.1.35 4.2.1.17
+
HO SCH CH(NH )COO 2 2 3
3.5.2.7
NH HN
CH
OOC CHCH CH COO 2 2
CMP-N-Acetyl
neuraminate
CDP-diacyl
glycerol
CHOLINE
Ethanolamine
Glyoxylate
HISTAMINE
2.3.1.46
Homoserine
Tyramine
Plant Pigments Tannins
Maleyl
acetoacetate
Fumaryl
acetoacetate
5.2.1.2
CH COO 2
OH
OH
OH
CH CH NH 2 2 2
OH
OH
CH CH NH 2 2 2
Hydroxyphenyl
pyruvate
-Tocopherol
(Vitamin E)
LIGNIN
d-GTP
OH
OH OH
O
HO
OH
P
OPPT
CH3 HO
OH OH
O
NADPH
2.2.1.1
2.7.1.3
1.1.1.45
1.1.1.130
1.10.3.3
1.10.2.1
1.1.1.10
ATP
CH CH NH 2 2 2
NH
HO
5.4.99.5
1.14.16.1 2.6.1.5 1.13.11.27
Indole
4.1.99.1
1.13.11.11
OH
O
OH
NH C C CH CH O 2 P
H H COO
NH2
COO
6.3.5.3 6.3.2.6 4.3.2.2
Guanine
DNA
6.3.4.4 4.3.2.2
C
C
O
C
CH
HC
NH
N
N
HN C
C
O
C
CH
HC
NH
N
N
HN
3.5.3.4
2.4.2.1
2.7.7.6 2.7.7.6
2.7.7.6
2.7.7.6
2.7.4.6
2.7.4.3
2.7.4.4
2.7.4.6
2.4.2.15
1.1.1.205
6.3.4.1
6.3.5.2
2.7.4.4
3.5.4.3
3.2.2.2
2.4.2.1
3.1.3.5
3.1.4.6
6.3.4.2
1.17.4.1
1.17.4.1
3.5.4.12
2.7.4.8
2.7.4.9
2.7.4.6
2.4.2.4
1.3.1.2
3.5.2.2 3.5.1.6
3.5.1.6 3.5.2.2 3.5.4.1
Diphospho-
mevalonate
Mevalonate
3-Oxopentanoyl-CoA
3-Oxoacyl-CoA 3-OH-Acyl-CoA 2, 3-Enoyl-CoA
2, 3-Hexenoyl-CoA 3-OH-Hexanoyl-CoA
Acetoacetyl-CoA 3-OH-Butanoyl-CoA Crotonoyl-CoA
Pentanoyl-CoA 3-OH-Pentanoyl-CoA
1.1.1.35
1.1.1.35
1.1.1.157
1.3.99.3
1.3.99.3
1.3.99.2
1.1.1.35
Odd C Fatty acids
Succinylhomoserine
CO2
2-OXO ACID
Glutamyl-P
Glutamine
UREA
P-Creatine Creatine
Creatinine
Glycine
CITRULLINE
Glutamic
semialdehyde
2-AMINO ACID
Pyrroline-5-
carboxylate
Glyoxylate Pyruvate
4-Hydroxy-
2-oxoglutarate
4-Hydroxy-
glutamate
3-Hydroxy-
pyrroline-
5-carboxylate
Putrescine
H NCH CH CH CH NH 2 2 2 2 2 2
Spermidine
Spermine
N -Trimethyllysine
6 6
N -Trimethyl-
3-OH-lysine
Carnitine
Glutaryl-CoA Saccharopine 2-Aminoadipate
semialdehyde
2-Aminoadipate 2-Oxoadipate
Arginino-
succinate
Guanidoacetate
Methylmalonyl-CoA
4.1.2.12
Aspartyl
Semialdehyde
2, 3-Dihydro-
dipicolinate
1.2.1.11
4.2.1.52 1.3.1.26
Piperideine-
2, 6-dicarboxylate
N-Succinyl-
2-amino-6-oxo-
pimelate
2.6.1.17
N-Succinyl-2, 6
diaminopimelate
Diamino-
pimelate
3.5.1.18
3-Methyl-
glutaconyl-CoA
(CH ) CHCH COSCoA 3 2 2 (CH ) CHCH COSCoA 3 2 2
3-Methyl-
crotonyl-CoA
Isovaleryl-CoA
Oxopantoate HCHO
OOCCH C =CHCOSCoA 2
CH3
CH COCHCOSCoA 3
CH3
CH CH=CHCOSCoA 3
CH3
CH CH(OH)CHCOSCoA 3
CH3
C(OH)CH(OH)COO
CH CH 3 2
CH3
CH =CCOSCoA 2
CH3
HOCH CHCOS-CoA- 2
CH3
CH CHCO-SCoA 3
CH3
C (OH)CH(OH)COO
CH3
CH3
CH CH CHCOSCoA 3 2
CH3
CH C =CHCOSCoA 3
CH3
ATP
4-Aminobutyrate
(GABA)
1.3.99.7
1.5.1.2
1.14.11.2
2.6.1.39 1.2.1.31
1.14.11.8
2.5.1.16
2.5.1.22
4.1.3.16
2.6.1.23
1.5.99.8
1.5.1.2
6.4.1.4 1.3.99.10
4.2.1.33
2.6.1.6
1.1.1.85
Oxoleucine
COOH
(CH ) CHCHCH(OH)COO 3 2
S-Adenosylmethyl
thiopropylamine
(Decarboxylated SAM)
PROLINE
Coenzyme A
CH C=CHCH 3 2
CH3
O
CH
CH
3
3
HO
CH3 CH3
CH3
CH C-CH H O 3 2 2 C PP
CH2
CH C=CHCH O 2 2 PP
CH3
3-P-Glycerol
Phosphatidyl
ethanolamine
CEPHALIN
3.1.4.12
2.7.8.3
Progesterone
1.5.1.12
2.7.3.2
4.2.1.17 3.1.2.4
2.6.1.32
4.4.1.15
Acetylserine 2.7.7.4 2.7.1.25 1.8.99.1
Adenylylsulphate
(APS)
2.7.1.39
4.4.1.15
4.1.1.29
4.2.99.8
2.3.1.30
P-Ribosyl-PP
1.1.1.1
1.2.1.4
Aspartyl-P
5.1.1.7
2.7.1.40
4.1.3.18
4.1.3.18
1.5.1.9
1.14.11.1
CHOLINE
2.1.1.13
1.3.1.2
NHCH CH SH 2 2 NHCH CH CO 2 2 OCH C(CH ) CH(OH)CO 2 3 2 P
ADP- NHCH CH SH 2 2 NHCH CH CO 2 2 OCH C(CH ) CH(OH)CO 2 3 2
P-ADP- NHCH CH SH 2 2 NHCH CH CO 2 2 OCH C(CH ) CH(OH)CO 2 3 2
1.4.1.8
1.3.99.3
1.3.99.3
1.4.1.9
4.2.1.18
4.1.1.20
1.3.99.7
1.8.99.2
+
CH CO-OCH CH(NH )COO 2 2 3
2.5.1.6
2.1.1.10
2.1.1.20
1.1.1.3
1.1.1.3
4.2.1.18
4.1.2.5
4.3.1.5
4.2.1.20
2.1.2.1
2.1.1.20
Glyoxylate
2.1.1.6
1.4.3.4
1.14.18.1
1.14.16.2
Hexanoyl-CoA
Butanoyl-CoA
6.3.4.16
6.3.5.5
2.7.2.11
2.1.3.3
NO
1.14.13.39
3.5.3.6 3.5.3.1
4.3.2.1
4.1.1.17
2.7.7.41
2.6.1.4
1.1.1.100
1.1.1.8
2.3.1.51
2.3.1.15
2.7.8.5
SO
-
4
2
1.14.16.4
NH2 OOC
OOC
4.1.1.25
1.3.1.13
1.3.1.13
2.7.4.6
CYTIDINE-
triphosphate
(CTP)
Cytosine
2.4.2.9
4.1.1.11
2.6.1.18
4.3.1.3
4.2.1.49
3
HSO
-
1.1.1.105
2.3.1.41
NADPH
1.1.1.22
2.3.1.4
5.5.1.4
3.2.1.26 3.2.1.48
2.6.1.16
1.1.1.14
2.7.7.34
4.2.1.47
2.4.1.68
2.4.1.69
2.4.1.9
5.3.1.8
2.4.1.11
O
OPPU
CH OH 2
CH OH 2
HO OH
OH
HO
2.4.1.21
4.2.1.52
1.2.1.18
4.2.1.18
O
CH
C
CH OC
N
HN
DP
CH
C
O
CH OC
N
HN
RPPP
OCH2
H
C C
H
OH OH
CH
N HN
C
H
C P
H
O
OCH2 C C
H
OH
H
OH
C
H
C C
C
NH2
C
CH
HC
N
RP(PP)
N
N
N
+
P
NH2 H
O
OCH2 C C
H
OH
H
OH
C
H
C C
OC
C
CH
HC
N
RP
N
N
NH P
H
OCH2 C C
H
OH OH
CO CH2 C
CONH2
C
CH
HC
N
RP
N
N
NH P
+
OOCCH N(CH ) 2 3 3
Betaine
Betaine
aldehyde
2.4.1.16
5.1.3.6
2.4.1.33
2.7.7.13
5.4.2.8
5.3.1.8
O
OH
CH OH 2
HO
OP HO
2.7.1.28
2.7.1.31
6.3.4.13
5.3.1.1
2.2.1.1
4.1.1.9
3.1.2.11
-OH--Methyl-
glutaryl-CoA
6.3.4.5
5.3.1.6
2.5.1.21
2.1.1.2
3.5.2.10
6.3.2.13
6.3.2.7-10
2.7.7.27
2.7.7.9
3.5.4.10
C
C
O
C
CH
OC
N RP
N
N
H
HN
C
C
O
C
CH
N
N
N
HN
RP
H N 2 C
2.7.4.6
1.17.4.1
2.7.4.6
2.6.1.13
Carbamoyl-P
2.3.1.9
Carnitine
2.6.1.4 2.6.1.44
CH C(OH)CH COSCoA 3 2
CH COO 2
1.2.3.5
1.1.1.34
2.3.1.16
4.1.3.5
2.3.1.16
4.1.3.4
Menaquinone
4.1.1.15
2.6.1.19
4.2.1.16
Carnosine
CH CH NH 2 2 2 C
NH N
C
HC
H
4.1.1.22
4.3.1.3
Ubiquinone
Plastoquinone
D-Ribose-5-P
NH
CH CH(NH )COO 2 3 HO
+
O
OH
OH
HO
OPPU
COO-
O
OH
OH
HO OPPU
COO-
OH
H OH
HOCH2 C C CO
H
CO COO-
O
CHOH
CHOH AcNH
HO
OPC
O CO -
CH OH 2
O
CHOH
CHOH AcNH
HO
OH
COO
CH OH 2
O
OH OHHO HO
CH O 2 P
O
OH
ACNH
HO OH
CH O 2 P
O
O OHHO HO P
CH OH 2
O
OH OH HO HO
CH OH 2
O
OH HO OH
3
CH O 2 P
O
OH HO O
NHCOCH3
P
CH OH 2 CH OH 2 CH OH 2
O
OH HO OH
NH2
CH O 2 P
O
OH
HO
OH
OPPU
CH OH 2
O
O
HO
OH
OH
HO
P
CH OH 2
CH OH 2
O
O
HO
OH
OH
O
OH OH
OH
CH OH 2
O
OH HO
OH
OH
CH2 CH OP 2
OH
H H H OH
C C C C
OH OH H
COO- HOCH2
H
OH OH OH
C C C CHO
H H
HOCH2
H
OH OH H
C C C CHO
H OH
HOCH2
OH
H OH H
C C C CHO
H OH
HOCH2
H
OH H OH
C C C CHO
OH H
HOCH2
OH
H H OH
C C C CHO
OH H
HOCH2
OH
H OH OH
C C C CHO
H H
HOCH2
H
OH H OH
C C C C
OH H H
OH
COO- POCH2
OH
H OH
C C CO
H
POCH2 CH OH 2
H
OH H
C C CO
OH
HOCH2 CH OH 2
CH OH 2 POCH2
H
OH OH
C C CO
H
CH OH 2 POCH2
OH
H H
C C CO
OH
CH OH 2 POCH2
H
OH OH
C C CO
H
HOCH2 CH OH 2
OH
H OH
C C CO
H
HOCH2 CH OH 2
OH
H H
C C CO
OH
HOCH2 CH OH 2
H
OH OH H
C C C
H OH
HOCH2 CH OH 2
OH
H OH OH
C C C
H H
HOCH2 CH OH 2
H
OH H OH
C C C C
OH H H
OH
CH OH 2 HOCH2
H
OHOH
C C CHO
H
POCH2
H
OH H OH
C C C CO
OH H
HOCH2 CH O 2 P
H
OH OH OH
C C C
H H
HOCH2 CH OH 2
H
OH OH
C C C
H
CO
H
HO
POCH2 CH OH 2
P
H
OH OH
C C C
H
CO
H
HO
CH O 2 P OCH2
H
OH OH
C C
H
C CHO
OH
H
POCH2 POCH2
O
OH
NH2
OH
CH O 2 P
CHOHCHO POCH2
HOCH2COCH2OP
O
OH
O O P P
OH
CH O 2 P
CHOHCOOP POCH2
CHOH POCH2 COO
COO
OH
O HO
OH
COO
CH (CH ) CH(OH)CH COS-CoA 3 2 14 2 CH (CH ) CH(OH)CH COS 3 2 14 2
CH (CH ) COCH COS-CoA 3 2 14 2
CH (CH ) COCH COS-CoA 3 2 14 2
CH (CH ) COS-CoA 3 2 n+2
CH (CH ) CH=CHCOS-CoA 3 2 14
CH (CH ) 3 2 nCH=CHCOS-CoA
CH (CH ) 3 2 5 2 CH=CHCH COSACP
CH (CH ) 3 2 6CH=CHCOSACP
CH (CH ) 3 2 6COCH COSACP 2 CH (CH ) 3 2 6 2 2 CH CH COSACP
CH (CH ) 3 2 2 2 2 CH CH COSACP
CH CH CH COSACP 3 2 2
CH (CH ) 3 2 6CH(OH)CH COSACP 2
CH CH=CHCO.S-ACP 3
CH (CH ) 3 2 2 2 COCH COSACP
CH3COCH COSACP 2
CH (CH ) 3 2 n 2 COCH COSACP CH (CH ) 3 2 n 2 CH(OH)CH COSACP
CH (CH ) 3 2 2 2 CH(OH)CH COSACP
ACYL-CoA
(Mitochondria)
CH (CH ) CH CH COSCoA 3 2 2 2 n
CH (CH ) CH=CHCOSCoA 3 2 n CH (CH CH(OH)CH COSCoA 3 2 n
CH (CH ) CH CH COSCoA 3 2 2 2 2 CH (CH ) CH=CHCOSCoA 3 2 2
CH (CH ) COCH COSCoA 3 2 2 n
CH COCH COSCoA 3 2
CH (CH ) CH(OH)CH COSCoA 3 2 2 2
CH CH(OH)CH COSCoA 3 2 CH CH=CHCOSCoA 3 CH CH CH COSCoA 3 2 2
CH CH CH CH COSCoA 3 2 2 2
Pentenoyl-CoA
CH CH CH=CHCOSCoA 3 2 CH CH CH(OH)CH COSCoA 3 2 2
CH (CH ) COCH COSCoA 3 2 2 2
CH CH COCH COSCoA 3 2 2
OH OH
HO OH
O
O-
CH O-PO 2
CH CHOHCH OH 2 2
O
CH2
CH2
R'-CO-OCH
O-CO-R
O-PO
O-
HOCH CH 2 2NH3
+ POCH CH 2 2NH3
+
CPP- OCH CH 2 2NH3
+
O
-
CH O-CO-R 2
CH O P 2 OCH CH 2 2NH3
+
CH COCH CH N(CH ) 3 2 2 3 3
HOCH CH N(CH ) 2 2 3 3
+
CH CH 2 COO (NH ) 3
+
OH
OH
CH CH 2 COO- (NH ) 3
+
CO
NH2
CH CH(NH )COO 2 3
+
NH
OC
CO
NH
OC
N
H
C
H
H N 2
HC
CH
N
N
C
RP
H N 2
CH
C
CH OC
N
N
DP
NH2
RPPP
CH
C
CH OC
N
N
NH2
C
C
C
CH
RP(P)
HC
N
N
N
N
NH2
H NCOO 2 P
(CH ) NH 2 3 2 H N(CH ) NH 2 2 3 (CH ) NH 2 4
(CH ) NH 2 3 2 H N(CH ) NH 2 2 4
CH -SCH CH CHNH 3 2 2 2
Adenosyl
+
+
CH3
CH3
CHCH(NH )COO 3
++
C
NH N
C
HC
H
CH CH(NH )CH OH 2 3 2
+
C
NH N
C
HC
H
CH CH(NH )CH OP 2 3 2
C
NH N
C
H
HC CH COCH OP 2 2
+
HSCH CH CH(NH )COO 2 2 3
+
+
SCH CH CH(NH )COO 2 2 3
CH CH(NH )COO 2 3
RP
C
O
C-COO OC
N
HN CH
2.4.1.23
CH (CH ) CH=CHCH(OH)CHCH OH 3 2 12 2
NH3
+
CH (CH ) CH(OH)CHCH OH 3 2 14 2
NH3
+
CH (CH ) COCHCH OH 3 2 14 2
NH3
+
Galactose CH (CH ) CH=CHCH(OH)CHCH O- 3 2 12 2
NH3
+
4.1.1.70
H NCONH 2 2
OHCCH N(CH ) 2 3 3
+
C-CH3
C
O
CH OC
N DP
HN
DP
CPP-OCH CH N(CH ) 2 2 3 3
+
OCH CH N(CH ) 2 2 3 3
+
1.2.1.41
UDP-N-Ac-Muramate
O
O
CH CH 3
COO-
NHAC
HO OPPU
CH OH 2
4.1.3.20
O
OH
CH3
HO HO OPPG
2.7.7.24
2.4.1.22
2.7.7.12
5.1.3.2
5.3.1.4
Sedoheptulose-PP
3.1.1.28
4.2.1.24
N
CH2
CH2
N
N
N
CH3
CH3
CH
CH
COO
CH
CH
CH2
H C 3
H C 3 H C 3
HC
C
C
H
H
Fe
CH2
CH2
COO- -
CH3
CH3
CH2
CH2
CH2
H C 3
H C 3
N
H
N
H
N
H
N
H
CH
CH
H C 2
C
C
H2
H2
-
CH2
CH2
COO
CH2
CH2
COO -
H C 2
H C 2
CH2
CH2
OOC
COO
H N 2
N
H
-
-
CH2
H C 2
H C 2
H C 2
H2
H2
CH2
CH2 CH2
CH2
CH2
CH2
N
H
N
H
N
H
N
H
COO
COO
COO
COO
C
C
-
-
CH2
CH2
COO
CH2
CH2
COO- -
-
-
OOC -
OOC
-
CH3
CH3
H C 3
H C 3
H C 2
H2
H2
N
H
N
H
N
H
N
H
CH2
CH2
CH2
CH2
CH2
C
C
COO-
CH2
CH2
COO
CH2
CH2
COO - -
COO-
COO-
CH C(OH)CH CH O 3 2 2 PP
CH COO 2
OHCCOO
HOCH COO 2
NH2
H NCNHCH COO 2 2
+ NH2
H NCN(CH )CH COO 2 3 2
+ NH2
HNCN(CH )CH COO 3 2 P-
+ HN C
NH CO
N CH2
CH3
OOCCHCH COO 2
H NCNHCH CH CH CH 2 2 2 2
N
(NH ) 3
+
COO
CHCOO HC
CH2 HOCH
N
OOCCH(OH)CH CH(NH )COO 2 3
+
CHCOO
CH2 HOCH
H C 2
N
H
NH
CHCOO
CH2 CH2
CH2
OOCCH(OH)CH COCOO 2
N
CHCOO
CH2 CH2
CH
CH COCOO 3 OHCCOO
+
H NCONHCH CH CH CH 2 2 2 2 (NH ) 3 COO
H NOCCH CH CH 2 2 2 COO (NH ) 3
+
R-CO-COO
+
COO R-CH(NH ) 3
+
COO H NOCCH CH 2 2 (NH3
+
OOC-CH-COSCoA
CH3
P OOCCH CH 2 COO (NH ) 3
+
OOCCH CH CHO 2 2
OHCCH CH 2 COO (NH ) 3
+
(CH ) NCH CH(OH)CH COO 3 3 2 2
+
OHCCH CH CH 2 2
+
COO (NH ) 3
POOCCH CH CH 2 2
+
COO (NH ) 3
OHCCH CH CH CH 2 2 2 COO (NH ) 3
+
NH CHCH CH COO 2 2
COO
CH CH CH CH CH 2 2 2 2 COO (NH ) 3
+
H N(CH ) 2 4 2 CH(NH )COO 3 CH(NH3
++
(CH ) N(CH ) 3 3 2 3CH CH(NH )COO 2 3
+ +
CH2
C
H
OOCC
N
HC
CH-COO
CH2
C
H2
CH-COO OOCC
N
H C 2
OOCCOCH CH CH CH-COO 2 2 2 CH CH 2 2 2
OOCCH CH CONH 2 2 OOCCHCH CH CH CH-COO 2 2 2
OOCCH CH CONH 2 2 CH 2 2
NH3
+
OOCCH-CH CH CH CHCOO 2 2 2
NH3
+
NH3
+
(CH ) CHC(OH)CH 3 2 2
COOH
COO (CH ) CHCH COCOO 3 2 2
+
(CH ) CHCH 3 2 2CH(NH )COO 3
HOCH CHCOO 2
CH3
CHCOCOO
CH3
CH3 CH COC(OH)CH 3 3
COO
+
POCH CH CH(NH )COO 2 2 3
+
HOCH CH CH(NH )COO 2 2 3
+
CH CH CH(NH )COO 2 2 3 OOCCH CH2COO 2
+
CH SH 2
OOCCH(NH )CH CH CONHCHCONHCH COO 3 2 2 2
HOCH C(CH ) COCOO 2 3 2
HOCH C(CH ) CH(OH)COO 2 3 2
NHCH CH COO 2 2 HOCH C(CH ) CH(OH)CO 3 2 ) 2 3 2
NHCH CH COO 2 2 OCH C(CH ) CH(OH)CO 2 3 2 P
CH CH 3 2
CH3
CH
+
CH(NH )COO 3
CH COC(OH)CH CH 3 2 3
COO CHCOCOO
CH CH 3 2
CH3
NHCHCH SH 2
COO
NHCH CH CO 2 2 OCH C(CH ) CH(OH)CO 2 3 2 P
+
CH SH 2
OOCCH(NH )CH CH CONHCHCOO 3 2 2
+
Adenosyl
SCH CH CH(NH )COO 2 2 3
+
SCH CH CH(NH )COO 2 2 3
+
HO SCH CH(NH )COO 3 2 3
+
+
S-CH CH(NH )COO 2 3
S-CH CH(NH )COO 2 3
+
HSCH CH(NH )COO 2 3
1.1.1.23
H
C
NH N
C
HC CH CHCOO 2
NHCOCH CH NH 2 2 2
+
H
C
NH N
C
HC CH CH(NH )COO 2 3
CHCH CH COO 2 2
NH N
CH
OC C CH CHCOO
NH N
CH
CH
CH COO 3
N
H
OOC
CH-COO OC
NH2 CH2
H NCH CH COO 2 2 2
H NCH 2 2
CH3
CHCOO H NCONHCH CHCOO 2 2
CH3
C
C
O
CH
RP HC N
N
N
HN
C
C C
O
CH
HCO
N
N
N RP
C
CH
N
N
H N 2
H
C
C
C
O
CH
N
N
C
C
CH
N
N
RP
H N 2
H N 2
C
O
O
O P~ ~ P O
O
O O
P O
O
CH2
N
N
N
N
O
OH OH
NH2
HC
CH N
N
N
N
O
O
P O O
O
CH2
OH
NH2
HC
CH
COO
CO
NH
OC
N
H
C
H
H N 2
NH2
OOC-CH-CH COO 2
HNCO C
CH
N
N
C
RP RP
H N 2
OOC
C
CH
N
RP
N
C
H N 2
CH=CHCOO
OH
CH=CHCOO
CH COCOO 2
CH2
P
COO
OH
O
O
O
COO
O
CH COO 2
O
CH COO 2 -OOC
OCH2 CH2
OH H
C
P
HOCH HCOH
OC
COO
COO HO
OH
OH O
NH2 COO
OCH
NH
CH COCOO 2
NH
CHO
CO
NH2
OH
CH CH(NH )COO 2 3
+
N
COO
COO
N
+
COO
COO
RP
O
OH
OH
HO OPPU
COO
O
OH
NHCOCH3
HO
OPPU
COO
CH OH 2
O
O
C CH2 NHAC
HO OPPU
COO
CH OH 2
O
OH HO OH
OH
COO
OOCCH N(CH ) 2 3 2
Dimethylglycine
1.1.99.1
1.2.1.8
COO
HO HO
COO
O
HO OH
COO
CH(O ) P POCH2 COO
CH(OH) HOCH2 COO COO
CH(O ) P HOCH2 COO
CH =C(O ) 2 P COO
CONH2
Ribose -O- P - O- P - O- Adenosine(P)
+
N
O
O
O
O
+
COO
N
Ribose - O- P - O- P - O -Adenosine
O
O
O
O
I I
I I
OH
O
CH CH 2 COO (NH ) 3
+
Epinephrine
(Adrenaline)
Norepinephrine
(Noradrenaline)
Normetepinephrine
(Normetadrenaline)
HOCH CH N(CH ) 2 2 3 3
+
Adenosyl
+
+
SCH CH CH(NH )COO 2 2 3
CH3
(CH ) N(CH ) 3 3 2 3CH CH(NH )COO 2 3
+ +
OH
OOCCH CH CH COSCoA 2 2 2
OOCCH CH CH NH 2 2 2 2
OOCCH CH CH COCOO 2 2 2 OOCCH CH CH CH 2 2 2 COO COO (NH ) 3
++
HO
H
HO
H
H
HO
H
HO
H
Prostaglandin PGE2
OH
HOCH2 C C CO C COO
OH H
OH H H
-
COO
O R'-CO-OCH
CH O-CO-R 2
CH O POCMP 2
O
CH CH N(CH ) 2 2 3
+
O HOCH
CH OPO 2
CH OH 2
O-
CH OPO 2
O
CH OCH=CHR 2
CH CH N(CH ) 2 2 3 3
+
O-
CH OPO 2
O R'-CO-OCH
CH O-CO-R 2
3.1.1.32
CH CH N(CH ) 2 2 3 3
+
O-
O HOCH
CH OPO 2
CH O-CO-R 2
CH CH N(CH ) 2 2 3 3
+
O-
CH CH(NH )COO 2 3
+
+
C
NH N
C
HC
H
CH CH(NH )CHO 2 3
HS
11-cis-Retinal
Pi
ADP
NADP +
GDP-
Mannuronate
Mannose-6-P
Dehydro-
shikimate
Shikimate
RNA
d-GDP
d-CTP
GUANOSINE-P
(GMP)
-Alanine
P-Ribosyl-AMP P-Ribulosylformimino
5-aminoimidazole-
carboxamide-R P
Imidazole
acetol-P
HS HSO
-
PANTOTHENATE
3-Isopropyl-
malate
Succinic
semialdehyde
2.4.1.17
Diacyl
glycerol
2.3.1.6
1.14.12.1
1.4.4.2
CH CHO 3
3.5.4.19
4.2.1.19
3.3.1.1
4.1.1.12
4.1.2.5
COO-
2 OHCCH
2.1.4.1
2.4.99.7
5.1.3.12
1.1.1.132
4.2.1.46
2.7.1.7
2.4.1.29
2.4.1.21
2.4.1.13
2.4.1.1
etc.
5.4.2.2
2.7.1.6
2.7.7.10
3.1.1.18
4.1.1.34
2.7.1.47
2.7.1.16
3.1.3.9
ADP
P-Glucono
lactone
1.1.1.44
O
O
OH HO
OH
CH O 2 P
PHENYLALANINE TYROSINE
TRYPTOPHAN
INOSINE-P
(IMP)
THYMIDINE-P
HISTIDINE
URIDINE-
triphosphate
(UTP)
CYSTINE CYSTEINE
ISOLEUCINE
LEUCINE
LYSINE
ORNITHINE
ARGININE
HYDROXY
PROLINE
PHOSPHATIDYL
SERINE
Phosphatidyl
inositol
LECITHIN
SPHINGOMYELIN
STEROIDS
Pregnenolone
2.7.6.1
2.4.2.14
6.3.4.7
5.3.1.9
3.1.3.11
1.2.1.13
2.7.2.3
H
OH OH
C C C
H
CO
OH
C
H
H
OH
POCH2 CH O 2 P
5.4.2.1
ADP
4.2.1.11
Endoplasmic Reticulum
1.1.1.100
3.1.1.3
Phosphatidate
2.3.1.39
4.2.1.17
4.2.1.17
4.2.1.55
1.1.1.79
1.2.1.21
1.4.3.8
1.1.1.32
2.7.1.36
2.7.4.2
4.1.1.33
2.5.1.1
2.5.1.10
2.7.8.5
2.7.8.1
4.1.1.65
2.7.7.14
1.3.99.7
PO
O
CH (CH ) CH=CHCH(OH)CHCH O 3 2 12 2
NHAcyl
CH CH N(CH ) 2 2 3 3
+
O-
3.5.1.23
1.13.11.21
2.5.1.32
1.1.1.105
2.4.2.19
1.2.1.32
METHIONINE
4.1.3.27
4.2.1.51
1.14.17.1
1.14.18.1
1.14.13.11
Glycinamide-
ribosyl-P
4.2.1.22
3-Oxohexanoyl-CoA
THREONINE
1.2.1.25
1.2.1.25
1.2.1.25
1.5.1.7 - 10
GLUTAMATE
2.3.1.38
ATP
NADH
SUCROSE
ADENOSINE-P
(AMP)
Triacylglycerol
FAT
RNA
CH3
CH2
OC-COO OH
COO
CH CH 2 COO (NH ) 3
+
GLYCOPROTEINS
GANGLIOSIDES
MUCINS
4.1.2.-
2.6.1.-
GLUCOSE
O-Acyl-carnitine
O-Acyl-carnitine
OH
O -
-
R-CO-OCH
R'-CO-OCH
R'-CO-OCH
O HCO-CO-R
CH CH(OH)CH O-P-OCH 2 2 2
CH O-CO-R 2
O R'-CO-OCH
O-
CH O-CO-R 2
CH O-PO 2
O-
2.7.8.11
H NCH CH CH CH 2 2 2 2 COO (NH ) 3
+
2.3.1.20 3.1.3.4 2.7.1.107
NH2
+
+
H NCNHCH CH CH CH 2 2 2 2 COO (NH ) 3
H
OH H OH
C C C CO
OH H
HOCH2 CH OH 2
R-CH2COO
CH O-CO-R 2
CH O-CO-R" 2
R-CO-OCH
OH
O
CH CHNH 2 3
+
O R'-CO-OCH
O-
CH O-CO-R 2
CH O PO 2
COO
OOCCH CH CH 2 2 COO (NH ) 3
+
CH CH(OH)CH(NH )COO 3 3
O
OH HO
OH
OH
CH OH 2 CH OH 2
NH
CH O-CO-R 2
1.3.1.13
4.1.1.28
Malonic
semi-
aldehyde
2.7.2.4
2.1.3.3
3.5.1.2
6.3.1.2
6.3.5.5
Carbohydrates
Biosynthesis
Degradation
Amino Acids
Biosynthesis
Degradation
Lipids
Biosynthesis
Degradation
Purines &
Pyrimidines
Biosynthesis
Degradation
Biosynthesis Degradation
Vitamins Co-enzymes & Hormones
Pentose Phosphate Pathway
Photosynthesis Dark Reactions
COMPARTMENTATION
The "Backbone" of metabolisminvolves
GLYCOLYSIS in the CYTOPLASM,
theTCA CYCLE (mainly) in the Mitochondrial matrix
and ATP FORMATION spanning the
MITOCHONDRIAL INNER MEMBRANE
An electron flow(an electric current) generated from
NADH and UQH2 drives the translocation of protons
from the matrix to the intermembrane space.
The retrolocation of these protons through the F0 subunits
of ATP synthase to the matrix then supplies the energy
needed to formATP fromADP and phosphate
Electron Flow Proton Flow
Small Numbers ( eg. 2.4.6.7) refer to the IUBMBEnzyme
Commission (EC) Reference Numbers of Enzymes
LEGEND
Human Metabolismis identified as far possible by black arrows
Biosynthesis Degradation
HEMOGLOBIN CHLOROPHYLL
ATP
T
R
A
N
S
L
O
C
A
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2.7.1.1
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Metabolic Pathways