1

TNH TON THIT K B TRUYN XCH

B truyn xch bao gm xch 1 v cc a xch dn 2, b dn 3 (H.4.1a). Xch truyn chuyn
ng v ti trng t trc dn ng sang trc b dn nh vo s n khp gia cc mt xch vi rng
ca a xch. Cc trc ca b truyn xch song song nhau, c th trong b truyn c nhiu bnh
xch b dn (H.4.1b). Ngoi ra, trong b truyn xch c th c b phn cng xch, b phn che
chn v b phn bi trn.
a
F1
T1
n1
z1

F1

T2
n2
z2

n3

n4
2

n2
1

F2

F2
a)

b)

Hnh 4.1 B truyn xch

Trnh t tnh ton thit k b truyn xch

Thng s u vo: cng sut P1 , kW; s vng quay n1 , vg/ph; t s truyn
u.
1. Chn loi xch ph thuc vo cng sut truyn, vn tc v iu kin lm
vic.
2. Chn s rng s b ca a xch dn theo cng thc z1 = 29 2u . Nn
chn s rng a xch l s l xch mn u.
3. Tnh s rng a xch ln theo cng thc z2 = uz1 vi iu kin
z2 z2max > Xc nh li chnh xc t s truyn b truyn xch.
4. Tnh ton cc h s iu kin s dng xch theo cng thc:
K = K 0 K a K dc Kb K r Klv

trong : K 0 - h s xt n nh hng ca v tr b truyn: khi ng ni hai

tm a xch hp vi ng nm ngang mt gc nh hn 600 th K0 = 1 ; nu ln
hn 600 th K0 = 1, 25 .
K a - h s xt n nh hng ca khong cch trc hay chiu di xch, xch

cng di th s ln n khp ca mi mt xch trong mt n v thi gian cng t,

do xch s t mn hn. Khi:
a

< 25 pc

(30 50) pc

(60 80) pc

Ka

1,25

0,8

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K dc - h s xt n nh hng ca kh nng iu chnh lc cng xch: nu trc

iu chnh c th K dc = 1 ; nu iu chnh bng a cng xch hoc con ln
cng xch th K dc = 1,1 ; nu trc khng iu chnh c hoc khng c b phn
cng xch th K dc = 1, 25 .
Kb - h s xt n iu kin bi trn: nu bi trn lin tc Kb = 0,8 ; nu bi
trn nh git Kb = 1 ; nu bi trn nh k (gin on) th Kb = 1,5 .
K r - h s ti trng ng: nu dn ng bng ng c in v ti trng ngoi
tc ng ln b truyn tng i m th K r = 1 ; nu ti trng c va p th
K r = 1, 2 1,5 ; nu c va p mnh th K r = 1,8 .
K lv - h s xt n ch lm vic: lm vic mt ca bng 1; lm vic hai ca

bng 1,12; lm vic ba ca bng 1,45.

5. Tnh cng sut tnh ton Pt theo cng thc:
Pt =

KK z K n P1
[ P]
Kx

trong : P1 - cng sut tnh ton

[ P ] - cng sut cho php ca b truyn mt dy c bc

pc (tra bng

4.4)
Bng 4.4 La chn bc xch pc theo cng sut cho php [P]
Bc xch

ng knh

Chiu di ng

pc, (mm)

cht do, (mm)

bo, (mm)

Cng sut cho php [P] khi s vng quay

ca a nh n01, (vg/ph)

50

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1600

5,80

0,19

0,68

1,23

1,68

2,06

2,42

2,72

3,20

12,7

3,66

12,7

4,45

8,90

0,35

1,27

2,29

3,13

3,86

4,52

5,06

5,95

12,7

4,45

10,11

0,45

1,61

2,91

3,98

4,90

5,74

6,43

7,55

15,875

5,08

11,30

0,57

2,06

3,72

5,08

6,26

7,34

8,22

9,65

15,875

5,08

13,28

0,75

2,70

4,88

6,67

8,22

9,63

10,8

12,7

19,05

5,96

17,75

1,41

4,80

8,38

11,4

13,5

15,3

16,9

19,3

25,4

7,95

22,61

3,20

11,0

19,0

25,7

30,7

34,7

38,3

43,8

31,75

9,55

27,46

5,83

19,3

32,0

42,0

49,3

54,9

60,0

38,1

11,12

35,46

10,5

34,8

57,7

75,7

88,9

99,2

10,8

44,45

12,72

37,19

14,7

43,7

70,6

88,3

101

50,8

14,29

45,21

22,9

68,1

110

138

157

K z = z01 / z1 = 25 / z1 - h s rng a xch.

K n = n01 / n1 - h s s vng quay, gi trc n01 cho trong bng 4.4.

K x - h s xt n s dy xch x, nu x = 1, 2,3, 4 th K x tng ng s

bng: 1; 1,7; 2,5; 3.

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Vi gi tr Pt va xc nh, theo bng 4.4 [1] ta chn bc xch pc theo

ct gi tr n01 khi tnh h s K n .
6. Kim tra s vng quay ti hn theo bng 4.2 [1]. Nu khng tha tng
s dy xch v tnh ton li hoc thay i loi xch.
Bng 4.2 Gi tr gii hn bc xch pc theo s vng quay n1
S vng quay, (vg/ph)

- Xch con ln z1 15

1250

1000

900

800

630

500

400

- Xch rng z1 17

3300

2650

2200

1650

1320

12,7

15,875

19,05

25,4

31,75

38,1

44,45

50,8

Bc xch [pc]max cho php, (mm)

300

7. Xc nh vn tc trung bnh v ca xch theo cng thc v =

vng c ch: Ft =

n1 pc Z1
v lc
60000

1000 P
.
v

8. Tnh ton kim nghim bc xch theo cng thc sau :

pc 2,82 3

T1 K
P1 K
= 600 3
z1[ p0 ]K x
z1n1[ p0 ]K x

vi [ p0 ] tra t bng 4.3 [1]. Nu khng tha th tng bc xch v tin hnh
tnh ton li.
Bng 4.3 p sut cho php [po]
p sut cho php trong bn l xch [po], (MPa) khi s vng quay ca bnh xch

Bc xch pc,

nh n1, (vg/ph)

(mm)

50

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1600

2000

12,7 15,875

35

31,5

28,5

26

24

22,5

21

18,5

16

19,05 25,4

35

30

26

23,5

21

19

17,5

15

31,75 38,1

35

29

24

21

18,5

16,5

15

44,45 50,8

35

26

21

17,5

15

- Chiu di xch: L = Xpc

9. Chn khong cch trc s b t a = (30 50) pc , xc nh s mt xch X
theo cng thc:
2

X=

2a Z1 + Z 2 Z 2 Z1 pc
+
+
(nn chn s mt xch l s

pc
2
2 a

chn)
Sau khi chn s mt xch, phi tnh li khong cch trc a theo cng thc:

2
2
Z 2 Z1
Z1 + Z 2
Z1 + Z 2

a = 0, 25 pc X
+ X

2
2
2

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V b truyn lm vic bnh thng nn gim a mt on

(0, 002 0, 004)a .
Bng 4.7 H s an ton cho php [s]
Bc xch pc, (mm)

S vng quay n,
(vg/ph)

12,7

15,875

19,05

25,4

31,75

38,1

49,94

7,1

7,2

7,2

7,3

7,4

7,5

99,89

7,3

7,4

7,5

7,6

7,8

8,0

299,85

7,9

8,2

8,4

8,9

9,4

9,8

499,40

8,5

8,9

9,4

10,2

11,8

12,5

749,62

9,3

10,0

10,7

12,0

13,0

14,0

998,86

10,0

19,8

11,7

13,1

15,0

10. Kim tra xch theo h s an ton:

s=

Q
[ s] (vi [s] tra bng 4.7 [1]).
F1 + Fv + Fo

vi Q tra bng 4.1 [1]

Bng 4.1 Xch con ln mt dy
Kch thc, (mm)

pc

Din tch bn l

Ti trng ph hy

Khi lng 1m xch

A, (mm2)

Q, (kN)

(kg)

14,8

71

22,7

0,9

18,2

105

29,5

1,6

24,2

180

50,0

2,6

bo

do

d1

15,875

9,65

5,08

10,16

19,05

12,70

5,96

11,91

25,4

15,88

7,95

15,88

F1 = Ft
Fv = qm v 2

vi qm tra bng 4.2 [1]

F0 = K f aqm g
K f - h s ph thuc vo vng ca xch. K f = 6 khi xch nm ngang;
K f = 3 khi gc nghing gia ng tm trc v phng nm ngang nh hn

400; K f = 1 khi xch thng ng.

V kim tra s ln va p ca xch trong mt giy theo cng thc:

i=

4v 4n1 z1 pc z1n1
=
=
[i ]
L
pc X 60 15 X

trong : X s mt xch
z1 , n1 - s rng v s vng quay ca a xch dn;

[i ] - s ln va p cho php ca xch trong mt giy (bng 4.6 [1])

Bng 4.6 S ln va p cho php ca xch [i] trong mt giy

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Dng xch

Bc xch pc, (mm)

12,7

15,875

19,05

25,4

31,75

38,1

44,45

50,8

Xch con ln

40

30

25

20

16

14

12

10

Xch rng

60

50

40

25

20

11. Tnh lc tc dng ln trc theo cng thc:

- Lc tc dng ln trc: Fr = K m Ft
vi K m - h s trng lng xch: K m = 1,15 khi xch nm ngang hoc khi gc
nghing gia ng ni tm hai trc v phng nm ngang nh hn 40o ;
K m = 1 khi gc nghing ng ni tm hai trc t 40o n v tr thng ng.
- Xc nh cc kch thc b truyn:
Thng s hnh hc
ng knh vng
chia
ng knh vng
nh

Cng thc
d1 =

Bnh dn

d2 =

Bnh b dn

pc Z1

pc Z 2

Bnh dn

d a1 = pc ( 0,5 + cotg( / Z1 ) )

Bnh b dn

d a 2 = pc ( 0, 5 + cotg( / Z 2 ) )

Ch
Ta c th chn bc xch theo cng thc sau nu bit trc [ p0 ] theo bng
4.3 [1].
pc 2,82 3

T1K
P1 K
= 600 3
z1[ p0 ]K x
z1n1[ p0 ]K x

hoc cng thc rt gn:

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