CRANIAL NERVES

DR VINIT K ASHOK
ADJUNCT FACULTY
CRANIAL NERVES
NERVES COMING OUT/ GOING INTO THE
BRAIN
TOTAL -12 NUMBERED IN ROMAN
NUMERICALS( I-XII)
CARRY IMPULSES TO AND FROM THE
BRAIN
EXIT OR ENTER THE SKULL THROUGH
OPENINGS IN THE SKULL
I AND 11 ARE ATTACHED TO THE
FOREBRAIN
III TO XII ARE ATTACHED TO THE BAIN
STEM
ALL SUPPLY THE STRUCTURES OF THE
HAED AND NECK EXCEPT THE X(
VAGUS) ----VAGABOND -----WANDERS
TO THE ABDOMEN


I OLFACTORY
II- OPTIC
III-OCCULOMOTOR
IV-TROCHLEAR
V-TRIGEMINAL( 3 DIVISIONS)
VI ABDUCENS
VII-FACIAL
VIII-VESTIBULOCOCHLEAR
IX-GLOSSOPHARYNGEAL
X-VAGUS
XI-ACCESSORY
XII-HYPOGLOSSAL
OH OH OH TO TOUCH AND FEELVERY
GOOD VELVET AH

FORAMINA /OPENINGS FOR THE
CRANIAL NERVES
I OLFACTORY FORAMINA
II-OPTIC FORAMEN
III- SUPERIOR ORBITAL FISSURE
IV-SUPERIOR ORBITAL FISSURE
V- 3 DIVISIONS
A) OPTHALMIC- SUPERIOR ORBITAL FISSURE
B) MAXIALLRY-FORAMEN ROTUNDUM
C) MANDIBULAR- FORAMEN OVALE
VI-INFERIOR ORBITAL FISSURE
VII- ENTERS THE INT ACCOUSTIC MEATUS---- EXITS THE SKULL THROUGH THE
STYLOMASTOID FORAMEN
VIII- INT ACCOUSTIC MEATUS
IX-JUGULAR FORAMEN
X-JUGULAR FORAMEN
XI- JUGULR FORAMEN
XII-HYPOGLOSSAL CANAL

I-OLFACTORY NERVE-SENSORY NERVES OF SMELL
II - OPTIC NERVE-SENSORY NERVE OF VISION
III- OCCULOMOTOR-( EYE MOVER)-INNERVATES 4 EXTRINSIC MUSCLES OF THE
EYEBALL
1V- TROCLEAR NERVE- ( MEANS PULLEY) SUPPLIES THE SUPERIOR OBLIQUE MUSCLE
OF THE EYEBALL
V-TRIGEMINAL ( 3 FOLD) THIS NERVE HAS 3 BRANCHES. SENSORY INNERVATION TO
THE FACE AND MOTOR TO MUSCLES THAT HELP US CHEW( MASTICATE)
VI-ABDUCENS NERVE- IT SUPPLIES THE MUSCLE OF THE EYEBALL THAT ABDUCTS THE
EYE( LATERAL RECTUS)
VII-FACIAL NERVE-INNERVATES MUSCLES OF FACIAL EXPRESSION
VIII-VESTIBULOCOCHLEAR-SENSORY NERVE OF HEARING AND EQUILIBRIUM
IX-GLOSSOPHARYNGEAL NERVE-( MEANS TONGUE AND PHARYNX), STRUCTURES THIS
NERVE INNERVATES
X-VAGUS ( WANDERER)-INNERVATES THE STRUCTURES IN THE THORAX AND
ABDOMEN
XI-ACCESSORY- ( ACCESSORY TO THE VAGUS)-SUPPLIES THE TRAPEZIUS AND
STERNOCLEIDOMASTOID
XII-HYPOGLOSSAL( BELOW THE TONGUE)-RUNS INFERIOR TO THE TONGUE AND
SUPPLIES THE TONGUE MUSCLES

SENSORY/MOTOR NERVE
CRANIAL NERVES --- PURELY
SENSORY / MOTOR / MIXED
SENSORY NERVE- RECEPTORS----
GENARAL SENSATIONS( TOUCH,
PAIN TEMP,PRESSURE,) SPECIAL --
- SMELL,VISION, HEARING,
EQUILIBRIUM.---CRANIAL NERVE
BRAIN.( I, II AND VIII) ( AFFERENT
IMPULSES)
MOTOR NERVE-IMPULSE FROM
THE BRAIN----CRANIAL NERVE ----
ACTION----( MUSCLE/GLAND)----
EFFERENT IMPULSES( III,IV,VI,XI
AND XII)
MIXED ( BOTH TYPE OF FIBRES)
NERVES
MOTOR ( TYPES)
1. VISCERAL MOTOR
- ( MOTOR NERVE SUPPLY TO
THE VISCERA AND GLANDS)
2. BRANCHIAL MOTOR
MOTOR NERVE SUPPLY OF THE
BRANCHIAL ARCH
MUSCULATURE
3. SOMATIC MOTOR
MOTOR SUPPLY TO ALL OTHER
SKELETAL MUSCLES

SENSORY
1.VISCERAL SENSORY
A) SPECIALTASTE
B) GENERAL---VISCERA
PAIN,TOUCH,PRESSURE,
TEMP
2.SOMATIC SENSORY
A) SPECIAL- SMELL, VISION
HEARING
B) GENERALTOCH ,PAIN
PRESSURE FROM THE
LIMBS, BODY WALL
CRANIAL NERVES WITH
PARASYMPATHETIC FIBRES
III- OCCULOMOTOR
-1. CONTRICTOR PUPILLAE
2. CILIARIS- CHANGES THE SHAPE OF THE LENS

VII- FACIAL
1. TEAR , NASAL AND PALTINE GLANDS
2. SUBMANDIBULAR AND SUBLINGUAL GLANDS
IX- GLOSSOPHARYNGEAL
1. PAROTID GLAND
X- VAGUS
1. THORACIC AND ABDOMINAL VISCERA
SPECIAL SENSES
VISION
ORGAN- EYE
1/6 TH SEEN OUTSIDE REST
INSIDE---ORBITAL CAVITY(
FAT)
ACCESSORY STRUCTURES
1. Eyebrows
2. EYELIDS
3. CONJUNCTIVA
4. LACRIMAL APPARATUS
5. EXTRINSIC MUSCLES
EXTERNAL ANATOMY
CLINICAL CONDITIONS
CHALAZION-INFECTION OF THE
TARSAL GALNDS( MEBOMIAN )
STY- INFECTION OF THE CIALIARY
GLANDS
CONJUNCTIVITIS- ( PINK EYE) ---
INFLAMMANTION OF ?
LACRIMAL APPARATUS
EXTRINSIC MUSCLES OF THE
EYE
EXTRINSIC MUSCLES
ANATOMY OF THE EYEBALL
FUNCTIONS
A) PROTECTS AND SUPPORTS THE
DELICATE PHOTORECEPTOR CELLS
B)GATHERS,FOCUSES AND
PROCESSES LIGHT INTO PRECISE
IMAGES
PARTS
1. ANTERIOR POLE
2. POSTERIOR POLE
3. TUNICS( EXTERNAL WALL)
4. HUMORS( FLUID ) INSIDE
5. LENS
TUNICS
FIBROUS VASCULAR SENSORY
SCLERA
CORNEA
CHORIOD
CILIARY BODY
IRIS
RETINA
FIBROUS TUNIC(OUTERMOST)
- DENSE CONNECTIVE TISSUE( PROTECTION, MUSCLES
INSERTED)
POSTERIOR 5/6
TH
( SCLERA) WHITE OF THE EYE
ANTERIOR 1/6
TH
TRANSPARENT CORNEA( AVASCULAR)
LIMBUS
SCLERAL VENOUS SINUS( DRAINS AQUEOUS HUMOR)
VASCULAR TUNIC( MIDDLE)
CHOROID, CILIARY BODT AND IRIS
CHOROID--- VASCULAR , PIGMENTED( LIGHT IS NOT
SCATTERED)
CILIARY BODY---CILIARY MUSCLE----CIRIARY PROCESSES
IRIS---( COLOR OF THE EYE)----CENTRAL OPENING ---PUPIL
INTERNAL ANATOMY
SAGITTAL SECTION
INTERNAL ANATOMY
RETINA
SENSORY(
INNERMOST)
RETINA( MOST IMPORTANT)
OUTER ---PIGMENTED(
PREVENTS LIGHT
SCATTERING)
INNER---NEURAL ( LIGHT
SENSITIVE PHOTORECEPTOR
CELLS, BIPOLAR AND GANLION
CELLS
PHOTORECTORS----RODS/
CONES



LIGHT
PHOTORECEPTOR
BIPOLAR CELLS
GANGLION CELLS
OPTIC NERVE
BRAIN
OPTIC NERVE
EAR
RECEPTOR ORGAN FOR
HEARING AND EQUILIBRIUM
OUTER/ MIDDLE EAR------
HEARING
INNER EAR----
HEARING/EQUILIBRIUM
OUTER EAR
PINNA---AURICLE( ELASTIC
CARTILGE,EXCEPTLOBULE)
EXT ACOUSTIC MEATUS
2.5MM TUBE---AURICLE----EAR
DRUM( EAR WAX)
EAR DRUM---TYMPANIC
MEMBRANE---BOUNDARY
BETWEEN OUTER AND MIDDLE
EAR


SOUND WAVES
EAR DRUM
OSSICLES
INNER EAR
MIDDLE EAR
ALSO CALLED TYMPANIC CAVITY
AIR FILLED / INSIDE THE PETROUS TEMPORAL
LATERAL BOUNDARYTYMPANIC MEMBRANE, MEDIAL
BOUNDARYBONE SEPERATING IT FROM THE MIDDLE EAR
SUPERIOR BOUNDARY-PETROUS TEMPORAL
POSTERIOR WALLMASTOIOID ANTRUM
INFERIOR BOUNDARY----BONE/IJV
ANTERIOR BOUNDARY-BEHIND ICA
MEDIAL WALL---OVAL AND ROUND WINDOW
PHARYNGOTYMPANIC TUBE CONNECTS IT TO THE
NASOPHARYNX
OSSICLE ARE PRESENT
2 MUSCLES- STAPEDIUS/ TENSOR TYMPANI

INNER EAR
ALSO CALLED LABYRINTH(
MAZE LIKE)
BONY
LABYRINTH/MEMBRANOUS
LABYRINTH
BONY---PETROUS TEMPORAL--
--SEMICIRCULAR CANALS,
VESTIBULE AND COCHLEA----
PERILYMPH
MEMBRANOUS SMICIRCULAR
DUCTS,UTRICLE, SACCULE,
COCHLEAR DUCT
SEMICIRCULAR CANALS
VESTIBULE SEMICIRCULAR DUCTS
UTRICLE/SACCULE
EQUILIBRIUM
HEARING
COCHLEA
COCHLEAR DUCT